432:
disc with a pair of large, triangular pectoral fins projecting on either side, and a single dorsal fin. The blunt snout is rounded and the tail is long and slender, with a large spine at its base but no tail fin. On average, males have 72 spine serrations and females have 66 spine serrations. The spine makes about 70% of the male's length and 65% of the female's length. The mid dorsal groove, which contains the glandular tissue necessary for venom injection, extends along 10-40% the tail. It has one or two excretory channels for the venom.
167:
1772:
1760:
142:
1738:
1784:
1726:
545:. The gestation period is 6–8 months long, after which the female gives birth to between three and seven live pups. The smallest juveniles were caught around France between May and September off the coast of France. They still had a unhealed scar on the lower surface, suggesting they were neonates. A study conducted in South Africa in 1983 found juveniles in November. Juveniles were also found at
704:
in the northwestern
Mediterranean Sea, populations declined in the 1970s, and there and elsewhere in the Mediterranean, the fish is under threat from intensive fishing. The population has also been declining in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Europe, where it was once one of the most common skate
636:
showed that, on average, the fisheries in the region catch one common eagle ray every 20 hauls. About 79% of these are released alive after capture. The frequency is impacted by the depth of trawling, the season and the area being trawled. Most individuals were caught between April and
September in
557:
Juvenile females have whitish membranous ovaries and thread-like oviducts. The oviducal glands are inconspicuous. Sub-adults have white translucent follicles and a well differentiated genital duct. The oviducal glands are slightly rounded. Adult females captured in
January and March off the coast of
583:
on the testes or sperm in the seminal vesicles. The superior surface of the orbit has a conspicuous protrusion. Adult males have elongated calcified claspers that are larger than the pelvic fins. The testes are well developed with visible external spermatocysts, a twisted genital duct and sperm in
431:
The common eagle ray reaches up to 183 cm (6.0 ft) in total length and has a disc width up to 80 cm (2.6 ft). Most specimens are, however, smaller. Females grow to be larger than males. The dorsal surface is brown or black while the ventral surface is white. It has a rhomboidal
123:
566:
in both ovaries. The uteri were thick and muscular. They contained uterine fluid, which is probably sectreted from the villi that cover the internal wall. Females caught in August and
September in the same region had between eight and ten yolky oocytes of a similar size and mass. Both uteri were
677:. This is likely due to its diet as both the other two species feed on higher trophic levels (compared to the invertebrates that make up this eagle ray's diet). It also had the lowest methylmercury concentration (an average of 72%). This species does, however, appear to have higher levels of
1298:
Capapé, Christian & Guélorget, Olivier & Vergne, Yvan & Jean-pierre, Quignard. (2007). Reproductive biology of the common eagle ray, Myliobatis aquila (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae) from the coast cf
Languedoc (Southern France, northern Mediterranean). Vie et Milieu. 53.
1035:
Kumar, R & Vennila, R & Palani, Damotharan & Shankar, Kanchana & Muthuvel, Arumugam & Thangavel, Balasubramanian. (2010). Abundance of stingrays in parangipettai coast and the importance of exploring properties of their venom. Inter. Jour. of Recent
Scientific
464:. It occurs both close to the shore and further out, at depths down to about 800 m (2,600 ft), but much of its time is spent in shallower water at less than 50 m (160 ft). It typically prefers more open sandy areas. It has also been found in a semi-enclosed
1378:
571:, which plays an important role in stingray gestation. Fertilised eggs surrounded by a diaphanous and a yellowish capsule that tapered to a small filament at either end were found in a female captured in October. The ovary contained atretic oocytes.
740:
Jabado, R.W.; Chartrain, E.; Cliff, G.; Da Silva, C.; Derrick, D.; Dia, M.; Diop, M.; Doherty, P.; Leurs, G.H.L.; Metcalfe, K.; Pacoureau, N.; Porriños, G.; Seidu, I.; Soares, A.-L.; Tamo, A.; VanderWright, W.J.; Williams, A.B.; Winker, H. (2021).
509:. Larger individuals consume more fish than smaller individuals. Instead of having pointed teeth, it has flattened hexagonal bars and plates arranged in a mosaic pattern on its jaws; with these, it crushes the shells of its prey.
512:
Mollusks and teleost fish were found to be the most important food items for individuals living in the Sea of
Marmara, although polychaetas and crustaceans were also frequently found amongst the stomach contents.
596:
specimen has been recorded. This specimen was classified as an abnormal hermaphrodite - one which is unable to perform as a functioning male or female as the reproductive organs were underdeveloped.
632:
This species is sometimes caught as bycatch, including in the pelagic trawl fishery. Due to declining numbers, the levels of bycatch are not nearly as high as they were historically. A study in the
665:(the most common organic mercury compound) concentrations in three cartilaginous fish species. The common eagle ray was found to have lower mercury concentrations (0.67-1.01 mg/kg) than
1215:"Summer aggregation of common eagle ray, Myliobatis aquila (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae), in the Marine Protected Area of the Egadi Islands (southwestern Tyrrhenian Sea)"
541:. A clutch of three to seven young develop inside the mother, receiving nourishment at first from their egg yolks, but later from fluids secreted by their mother into her
1356:
Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije = annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei = annals for
Istrian and Mediterranean studies. Series historia naturalis
515:
700:
The taxonomic position of this fish is unclear as populations in the
Mediterranean Sea may be a different species from those in the southeastern Atlantic. In the
612:
1426:"Redescription of Monocotyle myliobatis (Monogenea, Monocotylidae) from the type host Myliobatis aquila (Elasmobranchii, Myliobatidae) off the Algerian coast"
1352:"A CASE OF HERMAPHRODITISM IN THE COMMON EAGLE RAY MYLIOBATIS AQUILA (CHONDRICHTHYES: MYLIOBATIDAE), REPORTED FROM THE TUNISIAN COAST (CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN)"
2156:
962:
Schwartz, Frank J (2005). "Tail spine characteristics of stingrays (order
Myliobatiformes) found in the northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Black Seas".
2106:
705:
and ray bycatch species (which collectively made up a total of about a quarter of the total catch by mass in 1881). The species is now rare in the region.
606:
1271:
Whitehead, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J. and Tortonese E. 1984. Fishes of the Northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. I. UNESCO, Paris.
1938:
690:
1990:
1379:"Spermatophores in the Monogenean Entobdella diadema Monticelli from the skin of sting-rays, with a note on the taxonomy of the parasite"
624:
While it does contain venom, this species is not considered to pose a risk to humans as stings typically don't have any strong effects.
1311:"Inshore small-mesh trawling survey of the Cape south coast. Part 4. Contributions to the biology of some teleostei and Chondrichthyes"
579:
Juvenile males have thread-like testes and genital ducts. The orbits have a smooth surface. Sub-adult males have no externally visible
1912:
472:, particularly in winter (March to April) and summer (August to October), where it was founded to prefer rocky and mixed bottoms.
2221:
1951:
2141:
1350:
RAFRAFI-NOUIRA, Sihem; EL KAMEL-MOUTALIBI, Olfa; OUNIFI-BEN AMOR, Khadija; BEN AMOR, Mohamed Mourad; CAPAPÉ, Christian (2017).
2016:
1144:
1956:
2121:
1182:
Ponte, Dário Dinis Sousa; Barcelos, LuĂs Miguel Duarte; Santos, Cristina Sousa; Medeiros, JoĂŁo; Barreiros, JoĂŁo P. (2016).
1662:Ĺ lejkovec, Zdenka; Stajnko, Anja; Falnoga, Ingrid; Lipej, Lovrenc; Mazej, Darja; Horvat, Milena; Faganeli, Jadran (2014).
2126:
2166:
1886:
1730:
2136:
891:
17:
2078:
1995:
799:
537:
This species is known to gather in groups of dozens of individuals during the reproductive period. Reproduction is
2116:
302:
2131:
863:
921:
2196:
1977:
1070:""Urbanite" rays and sharks: Presence, habitat use and population structure in an urban semi-enclosed lagoon"
146:
1160:
GĂĽl, GĂĽzin; Demirel, Nazli (2020). "Trophic interactions of uncommon batoid species in the Sea of Marmara".
1548:
Bonanomi, Sara; Pulcinella, Jacopo; Fortuna, Caterina Maria; Moro, Fabrizio; Sala, Antonello (2018-01-29).
485:
Benthic invertebrates form an important part of the common eagle ray's diet. The species largely feeds on
2186:
2181:
1847:
1838:
1742:
1852:
1750:
166:
2060:
1069:
2201:
2151:
2083:
787:
765:
2191:
922:"Etude du regime alimentaire de l'Aigle de mer, Myliobatis aquila (L., 1758) des cotes tunisiennes"
2216:
2206:
2146:
1616:
1184:"Diet of Dasyatis pastinaca and Myliobatis aquila (Myliobatiformes) from the Azores, NE Atlantic"
2047:
1509:"Changes in the Euro-Atlantic fish species composition resulting from fishing and ocean warming"
2211:
2176:
2171:
2161:
1943:
1800:
1134:
2042:
1053:
694:
521:
281:
2070:
2034:
1969:
1873:
1628:
1561:
1081:
994:
8:
2111:
131:
1632:
1565:
1085:
998:
1698:
1663:
1592:
1549:
1455:
1406:
1349:
1254:
1115:
742:
667:
645:
This species has gained economic importance through underwater photographers and other
311:
161:
1640:
982:
2029:
1860:
1703:
1685:
1644:
1597:
1579:
1530:
1486:
1447:
1398:
1332:
1258:
1246:
1195:
1140:
1119:
1107:
1018:
1010:
1006:
941:
897:
887:
859:
709:
673:
658:
461:
416:
1459:
1410:
1865:
1693:
1675:
1636:
1587:
1569:
1520:
1437:
1390:
1359:
1327:
1322:
1310:
1280:
Last, P., White, W., de Carvalho, M., SĂ©ret, B., Stehmann, M. and Naylor, G. 2016.
1236:
1226:
1097:
1089:
1002:
933:
760:
567:
enlarged and contained uterine fluid. The villi were well-developed and formed the
883:
Coastal fishes of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay: a divers' identification guide
2003:
1574:
1183:
238:
1982:
1788:
1776:
1617:"Total and methylmercury residues in cartilaginous fish from Mediterranean Sea"
1093:
584:
the seminal vesicles. They have well-developed conical supra-orbital vesicles.
441:
404:
218:
208:
1525:
1508:
1442:
1425:
1394:
937:
739:
2100:
1964:
1891:
1823:
1689:
1615:
Storelli, M.M; Giacominelli-Stuffler, R; Marcotrigiano, G.O (December 2002).
1583:
1534:
1490:
1451:
1402:
1336:
1250:
1199:
1111:
1014:
945:
751:
662:
593:
538:
449:
298:
151:
73:
1214:
901:
1771:
1707:
1664:"Bioaccumulation of Arsenic Species in Rays from the Northern Adriatic Sea"
1648:
1601:
701:
646:
633:
580:
568:
546:
469:
457:
453:
420:
412:
2008:
1680:
1614:
1363:
1022:
1925:
1832:
1764:
881:
48:
1351:
1309:
Buxton, C.D.; Smale, M.J.; Wallace, J.H.; Cockcroft, V.G. (1984-01-01).
1241:
1231:
1917:
1904:
1102:
829:
712:
activities but these are less intensive and populations may be steady.
498:
494:
486:
258:
93:
58:
1475:"Elektrokardiografske promjene nakon ujeda i uboda otrovnih Ĺľivotinja"
1474:
1930:
983:"Some clinical and epidemiological problems of venom poisoning today"
445:
408:
400:
248:
178:
98:
42:
1794:
1550:"Elasmobranch bycatch in the Italian Adriatic pelagic trawl fishery"
637:
the more northern areas at depths of 20–40 m (66–131 ft).
122:
1899:
1817:
1783:
1737:
493:
that it excavates from the seabed. Other items in its diet include
490:
228:
198:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
1878:
678:
563:
502:
103:
78:
2021:
1725:
1068:
Tuya, Fernando; Asensio, Maite; Navarro, Alberto (2020-05-01).
559:
542:
526:
465:
188:
1424:
Tazerouti, Fadila; Neifar, Lassad; Euzet, Louis (2011-01-01).
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
2055:
1547:
1132:
854:
Muus, B., J. G. Nielsen, P. Dahlstrom and B. Nystrom (1999).
604:
Several parasites live in and on this species. These include
1661:
1308:
1181:
722:
506:
396:
1054:
http://www.ciesm.org/Guide/skatesandrays/Myliobatis-aquila
708:
Along the coast of West Africa it is also the subject of
1219:
Biogeographia – the Journal of Integrative Biogeography
525:
are the most common prey species off the coast off the
1052:). October 2022. Mendez L., Bacquet A. and F. Briand.
1748:
1423:
1212:
1067:
886:. Cape Town: Southern Underwater Research Group.
2098:
766:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161569A124508353.en
532:
1376:
691:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1213:Grancagnolo, Desiree; Arculeo, Marco (2021).
2157:Fish of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2107:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1668:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
619:
435:
1159:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
140:
121:
1697:
1679:
1591:
1573:
1524:
1441:
1326:
1240:
1230:
1101:
919:
879:
764:
681:in its tissues than pelagic ray species.
1139:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 729–731.
1133:Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (1969).
1048:Guide of Mediterranean Skates and Rays (
961:
1472:
980:
813:
14:
2099:
1479:Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju
1162:J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment
1126:
1799:
1798:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1377:Llewellyn, J.; Euzet, L. (May 1964).
1294:
1292:
1290:
1177:
1175:
1063:
1061:
1044:
1042:
552:
2061:92C0B34E-58DD-61D4-BF4B-653FE967DDDF
957:
955:
915:
913:
911:
875:
873:
871:
780:
1136:International Wildlife Encyclopedia
848:
752:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
574:
480:
440:This species occurs in the eastern
24:
1497:
1287:
1172:
1074:Regional Studies in Marine Science
1058:
1039:
652:
25:
2233:
1718:
1507:Quero, Jean-Claude (1998-01-01).
964:Electronic Journal of Ichthyology
952:
908:
868:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1736:
1724:
1315:South African Journal of Zoology
800:World Register of Marine Species
587:
165:
46:
1655:
1608:
1541:
1466:
1417:
1370:
1343:
1302:
1274:
1265:
1206:
1153:
2222:Fish of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1328:10.1080/02541858.1984.11447880
1029:
974:
926:ICES Journal of Marine Science
562:were found to have developing
426:
13:
1:
2142:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
1641:10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00223-0
715:
1575:10.1371/journal.pone.0191647
1284:. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton.
1007:10.1016/0041-0101(82)90241-0
920:Christian, C. (1976-05-01).
599:
533:Reproduction and development
7:
2122:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
10:
2238:
2127:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
1513:Italian Journal of Zoology
1094:10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101342
981:Maretic, Z. (1982-01-01).
640:
627:
475:
460:. It is also found in the
403:. It inhabits the eastern
2167:Fish of Equatorial Guinea
1807:
1621:Marine Pollution Bulletin
1526:10.1080/11250009809386873
1443:10.2478/s11686-011-0056-4
1395:10.1017/S0031182000067962
880:Zsilavecz, Guido (2005).
684:
661:examined the mercury and
317:
310:
287:
280:
162:Scientific classification
160:
138:
129:
120:
34:
2137:Fish of the Indian Ocean
620:Relationship with humans
436:Distribution and habitat
938:10.1093/icesjms/37.1.29
759:: e.T161569A124508353.
516:Calliostoma lusitanicum
2117:Fish described in 1758
419:and the south-western
2132:Fish of the Black Sea
2043:Paleobiology Database
1681:10.3390/ijms151222073
1364:10.19233/ASHN.2017.06
695:critically endangered
613:Monocotyle myliobatis
522:Stramonita haemastoma
147:Critically Endangered
2197:Fish of South Africa
1733:at Wikimedia Commons
1473:Maretić, Z. (1982).
1674:(12): 22073–22091.
1633:2002MarPB..44.1354S
1566:2018PLoSO..1391647B
1430:Acta Parasitologica
1232:10.21426/B636051230
1086:2020RSMS...3701342T
999:1982Txcn...20..345M
834:: Common eagle ray"
549:Island in October.
470:Gran Canaria Island
456:, extending to the
132:Conservation status
41:2.588–Present
2187:Fish of Mozambique
2182:Fish of Madagascar
668:Chimaera monstrosa
607:Entobdella diadema
553:Female development
499:gastropod molluscs
395:) is a species of
345:Myliobatis noctula
2094:
2093:
2030:Open Tree of Life
1839:Myliobatis aquila
1809:Myliobatis aquila
1801:Taxon identifiers
1743:Myliobatis aquila
1731:Myliobatis aquila
1729:Media related to
1627:(12): 1354–1358.
1519:(sup1): 493–499.
1282:Rays of the World
1146:978-0-7614-7266-7
1050:Myliobatis aquila
832:Myliobatis aquila
790:Myliobatis aquila
745:Myliobatis aquila
710:artisanal fishing
674:Torpedo nobiliana
659:Mediterranean Sea
462:Mediterranean Sea
417:Mediterranean Sea
392:Myliobatis aquila
379:
378:
373:
365:
357:
353:Myliobatus aquila
349:
341:
337:Myliobatis equila
333:
329:Myliobatis cervus
325:
291:Myliobatis aquila
155:
18:Myliobatis aquila
16:(Redirected from
2229:
2202:Fish of Tanzania
2152:Fish of Cameroon
2087:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2037:
2025:
2024:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1983:NBNSYS0000184409
1973:
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1827:
1826:
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1795:
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1786:
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1774:
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1761:
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1741:Data related to
1740:
1728:
1712:
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1701:
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1612:
1606:
1605:
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1123:
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978:
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950:
949:
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905:
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846:
845:
843:
841:
826:
811:
810:
808:
806:
784:
778:
777:
775:
773:
768:
737:
610:on the skin and
575:Male development
495:polychaete worms
491:bivalve molluscs
481:Feeding and diet
444:, including the
383:common eagle ray
371:
363:
356:(Linnaeus, 1758)
355:
347:
340:(Linnaeus, 1758)
339:
331:
324:(Linnaeus, 1758)
323:
321:Leiobatus aquila
293:
170:
169:
149:
144:
143:
125:
115:
45:
38:Temporal range:
35:Common eagle ray
32:
31:
21:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2192:Fish of Namibia
2097:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2004:Observation.org
2002:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1903:
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1822:
1821:
1816:
1803:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1749:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1660:
1656:
1613:
1609:
1560:(1): e0191647.
1546:
1542:
1505:
1498:
1471:
1467:
1422:
1418:
1375:
1371:
1348:
1344:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1211:
1207:
1180:
1173:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1131:
1127:
1066:
1059:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1030:
979:
975:
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953:
918:
909:
894:
878:
869:
853:
849:
839:
837:
828:
827:
814:
804:
802:
786:
785:
781:
771:
769:
738:
723:
718:
693:to rate it as "
687:
657:A study in the
655:
653:Bioaccumulation
643:
630:
622:
602:
590:
577:
555:
535:
483:
478:
438:
429:
364:Larrañaga, 1923
348:Bonaparte, 1833
306:
295:
289:
276:
239:Myliobatiformes
164:
156:
145:
141:
134:
116:
114:
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112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2217:Fish of Turkey
2214:
2209:
2207:Fish of Israel
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:Fish of Angola
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2075:
2065:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1987:
1974:
1961:
1948:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1896:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1844:
1829:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1747:
1746:
1745:at Wikispecies
1734:
1720:
1719:External links
1717:
1714:
1713:
1654:
1607:
1540:
1496:
1485:(4): 325–333.
1465:
1416:
1389:(2): 337–344.
1369:
1342:
1321:(3): 180–188.
1301:
1286:
1273:
1264:
1205:
1194:(3): 209–214.
1171:
1152:
1145:
1125:
1057:
1038:
1028:
993:(1): 345–348.
973:
951:
907:
892:
867:
847:
812:
779:
720:
719:
717:
714:
686:
683:
654:
651:
642:
639:
629:
626:
621:
618:
616:in the gills.
601:
598:
594:hermaphroditic
589:
586:
576:
573:
554:
551:
534:
531:
482:
479:
477:
474:
442:Atlantic Ocean
437:
434:
428:
425:
405:Atlantic Ocean
399:in the family
377:
376:
375:
374:
372:Linnaeus, 1758
366:
358:
350:
342:
334:
326:
315:
314:
308:
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285:
284:
278:
277:
273:M. aquila
270:
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37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2234:
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2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Fish of Syria
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Fish of Kenya
2175:
2173:
2172:Fish of Gabon
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Fish of Egypt
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
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2018:
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1178:
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1168:(3): 294–309.
1167:
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1129:
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893:0-620-34230-7
889:
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664:
663:methylmercury
660:
650:
648:
638:
635:
625:
617:
615:
614:
609:
608:
597:
595:
592:At least one
588:Hermaphrotism
585:
582:
581:spermatocysts
572:
570:
565:
561:
550:
548:
544:
540:
539:oviviviparous
530:
528:
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523:
518:
517:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
473:
471:
467:
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459:
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451:
450:British Isles
447:
443:
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402:
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370:
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292:
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283:
282:Binomial name
279:
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274:
269:
266:
265:
262:
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174:
173:
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163:
159:
153:
148:
137:
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128:
124:
119:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
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33:
30:
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1620:
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1478:
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1433:
1429:
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1383:Parasitology
1382:
1372:
1355:
1345:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1281:
1276:
1267:
1242:10447/547067
1222:
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1165:
1161:
1155:
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1073:
1049:
1031:
990:
986:
976:
967:
963:
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929:
925:
882:
855:
850:
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831:
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795:
789:
782:
770:. Retrieved
756:
750:
744:
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702:Gulf of Lion
699:
688:
672:
666:
656:
644:
634:Adriatic Sea
631:
623:
611:
605:
603:
591:
578:
569:trophonemata
556:
547:Gran Canaria
536:
520:
514:
511:
484:
458:Indian Ocean
454:South Africa
439:
430:
421:Indian Ocean
413:South Africa
401:Myliobatidae
391:
390:
386:
382:
380:
368:
361:Raia rhombus
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
290:
288:
272:
271:
259:
249:Myliobatidae
225:Superorder:
29:
1926:iNaturalist
1833:Wikispecies
1103:10553/73658
772:20 November
487:crustaceans
448:, from the
427:Description
369:Raja aquila
332:Smith, 1935
2112:Myliobatis
2101:Categories
1080:: 101342.
864:8790787005
836:. FishBase
716:References
505:and small
260:Myliobatis
215:Subclass:
1690:1422-0067
1584:1932-6203
1535:1125-0003
1491:0004-1254
1452:1896-1851
1403:1469-8161
1337:0254-1858
1259:234245830
1251:1594-7629
1200:0399-0974
1120:225914133
1112:2352-4855
1036:Research.
1015:0041-0101
946:1054-3139
856:Sea Fish.
600:Parasites
446:North Sea
409:North Sea
267:Species:
185:Kingdom:
179:Eukaryota
1944:10760611
1900:FishBase
1879:46561008
1818:Wikidata
1708:25470025
1649:12523539
1602:29377920
1554:PLOS ONE
1460:25272145
1411:84808479
1358:(27–1).
902:70133147
649:divers.
503:sea pens
312:Synonyms
299:Linnaeus
245:Family:
229:Batoidea
199:Chordata
195:Phylum:
189:Animalia
175:Domain:
152:IUCN 3.1
1918:2419310
1824:Q926676
1789:Biology
1777:Animals
1751:Portals
1699:4284695
1629:Bibcode
1593:5788366
1562:Bibcode
1082:Bibcode
1023:6123162
995:Bibcode
987:Toxicon
858:p. 76.
805:1 April
679:arsenic
641:Tourism
628:Fishing
564:oocytes
476:Ecology
415:), the
387:bullray
255:Genus:
235:Order:
205:Class:
150: (
110:↓
2084:105860
2071:132439
2068:uBio:
2048:153955
2035:114274
2022:105860
2009:186028
1996:990611
1970:161569
1957:160983
1892:124506
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862:
840:5 June
685:Status
560:France
543:uterus
527:Azores
466:lagoon
2079:WoRMS
2056:Plazi
1939:IRMNG
1931:49311
1887:EUNIS
1866:453C6
1853:52096
1456:S2CID
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1407:S2CID
1255:S2CID
1116:S2CID
796:WoRMS
647:SCUBA
2017:OBIS
1991:NCBI
1965:IUCN
1952:ITIS
1913:GBIF
1905:4330
1848:BOLD
1765:Fish
1704:PMID
1686:ISSN
1645:PMID
1598:PMID
1580:ISSN
1531:ISSN
1487:ISSN
1448:ISSN
1399:ISSN
1333:ISSN
1247:ISSN
1196:ISSN
1141:ISBN
1108:ISSN
1019:PMID
1011:ISSN
942:ISSN
898:OCLC
888:ISBN
860:ISBN
842:2016
807:2023
774:2021
757:2021
689:The
519:and
507:fish
489:and
397:fish
381:The
303:1758
49:Preęž’
1978:NBN
1874:EoL
1861:CoL
1694:PMC
1676:doi
1637:doi
1588:PMC
1570:doi
1521:doi
1438:doi
1391:doi
1360:doi
1323:doi
1237:hdl
1227:doi
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