Mwai Kibaki - Knowledge

962: 1601:, an inspired appointment by Kibaki for an anti-corruption czar, resigned from the government in 2005, citing lack of support from the president. As he leaves office, therefore, the fight against corruption remains unfulfilled. ... But, perhaps, the most controversial aspect of the Kibaki tenure will always be his relationship with senior politicians of his day, particularly Raila Odinga and Kalonzo Musyoka. The context of this complex relationship includes the post-election violence of 2007, whose roots go back to the dishonoured Memorandum of Understanding between Kibaki and Raila in 2002. The quarrel over the MoU directly led to the break-up of the Narc government, after which Kibaki showed Odinga the door and invited the opposition to rule with him. The effect was that the opposition, rejected at the polls, joined government while Raila's faction, validly elected to power, was consigned to the opposition. ... To the supporters of Raila and Kalonzo, Kibaki will be remembered as a person who did not keep political promises." 1431:(CDF) was also introduced in 2003. The fund was designed to support constituency-level, grass-root development projects. It was aimed to achieve equitable distribution of development resources across regions and to control imbalances in regional development brought about by partisan politics. It targeted all constituency-level development projects, particularly those aiming to combat poverty at the grassroots. The CDF programme has facilitated the putting up of new water, health, and education facilities in all parts of the country including remote areas that were usually overlooked during funds allocation in national budgets. CDF was the first step towards the devolved system of government introduced by the 1718: 802:, and kept the Finance portfolio until Moi changed his ministerial portfolio from Finance to Home Affairs in 1982. He had in 1978 rejected an offer to become World Bank Vice President for Africa instead choosing to further his political career. As of 2023, he is still regarded as one of the most effective and consequentual finance ministers of the Republic of Kenya. Later as President, he kept close tabs with the treasury and directly influenced key economic policies resulting in steady economic growth. Kibaki fell out of favour with President Moi in March 1988, and was dropped as vice president and moved to the Ministry of Health. 1652:"Whether expressed in the petty bribes the average Kenyan had to pay each week to fat-bellied policemen and local councillors, the jobs for the boys doled out by civil servants and politicians on strictly tribal lines, or the massive scams perpetrated by the country's ruling elite, corruption had become endemic. 'Eating', as Kenyans dubbed the gorging on state resources by the well-connected, had crippled the nation. In the corruption indices drawn up by the anti-graft organisation Transparency International, Kenya routinely trail near the bottom ... viewed as only slightly less sleazy than Nigeria or Pakistan ..." 1606: 1485: 1588:"Kibaki was, by far, a better manager of the economy than Moi before him. He brought order to the management of public affairs, a departure from the rather informal style that characterised the Moi regime. Kibaki's push for free primary education remains an important achievement, as will the revival of key economic institutions such as the Kenya Meat Commission and the Kenya Cooperative Creameries, ruined during the Moi-era. ... However, Kibaki was not all success. Having come to power in 2003 on an anti-corruption platform, he set up two commissions, the Bosire Commission on the 914: 1368: 1450: 92: 591: 1262:, as violence broke out in several places in the country, started by the ODM supporters protesting the "stealing" of their "victory", and subsequently escalating as the targeted Kikuyus retaliated. As unrest spread, television and radio stations were instructed to stop all live broadcasts. There was widespread theft, vandalism, looting, destruction of property, and a significant number of atrocities, killings, and sexual violence reported. 2040: 6233: 6132: 2066: 2012: 1984: 1958: 1930: 1902: 6068: 5819: 6320: 1028: 27: 1082:, contextualises some issues. They reported that Kibaki, after agreeing to an informal Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to create the post of Prime Minister, reneged on this pact after being elected. They cited criticism of Kibaki neglecting his pre-election agreement, leaving the public to identify it as an attempt by the Kibaki Government to "keep power to itself rather than share it." 1638: 769:. His election was the start of a long political career. In 1963 Kibaki was appointed the Permanent Secretary for the Treasury. Appointed Assistant Minister of Finance and chairman of the Economic Planning Commission in 1963, he was promoted to Minister of Commerce and Industry in 1966. In 1969, he became Minister of Finance and Economic Planning where he served until 1982. 901:(who went on to become the Vice President) who campaigned tirelessly for Kibaki after stating, "The captain has been injured in the field... but the rest of the team shall continue." On 27 December 2002, Kibaki and NARC won a landslide victory over KANU, with Kibaki getting 62% of the votes in the presidential elections, against only 31% for the KANU candidate 1557:

Kibaki's regime failed to unite the country, and allowed feelings of marginalisation to fester into what became the post election violence. He and his then Government were complacent in the support they considered they would receive in any election from the majority Kikuyu community and failed to heed the views of the legitimate leaders of other communities.

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sometimes in the 1970s. His subsequent ill health greatly diminished his performance during his first term and the affairs of government during that time are said to have been largely run by a group of loyal aides, both in and out of government. Kibaki did not seem well, for instance, when he appeared live on TV on 25 September 2003 to appoint

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colonels changing shifts after two hours. The lying in state continued until 27 April 2022 ahead of funeral service held at Nyayo National Stadium on 29 April 2022 which was attended by key dignitaries including some sitting presidents. He was finally interred at his Othaya home in Nyeri County on 30

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Ms. Wambui, the rather popular "other woman", who enjoyed the state trappings of a presidential spouse and became a powerful and wealthy business-woman during the Kibaki Presidency, frequently drove Lucy into episodes of highly embarrassing very publicly displayed rage. Ms. Wambui, despite opposition

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to have a blood clot– the after-effect of his car accident– removed from his leg. He came out of hospital and addressed the public outside the hospital on TV in a visibly incoherent manner, and speculation after that was that he had suffered a stroke, his second, the first being said to have occurred

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He, unlike his predecessors, never tried to establish a personality cult; never had his portrait on every unit of Kenya's currency; never had all manner of streets, places, and institutions named after him; never had state sanctioned praise songs composed in his honour; never dominated news bulletins

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Kibaki died on 21 April 2022, at the age of 90. His death was announced by President Uhuru Kenyatta, who issued a proclamation that Kibaki would be granted a state funeral with full civilian and military honors and declared a period of national mourning with flags flying at half-mast until President

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Critics noted that President Kibaki failed to take advantage of the 2002 popular mandate for a complete break with the past and fix the politics largely mobilized along ethnic interests. "... when we achieved and the new world dawned, the old men came out again and took our victory to re-make in the

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expanded remarkably in the Kibaki years. The People's Republic of China and Japan especially, the Asian Tigers such as Malaysia and Singapore, Brazil, the Middle East and to a lesser extent, South Africa, Libya, other African Countries, and even Iran, became increasingly important economic partners.

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Kenya's economy in the Kibaki years experienced a major turnaround. GDP growth picked up from a low 0.6% (real −1.6%) in 2002 to 3% in 2003, 4.9% in 2004, 5.8% in 2005, 6% in 2006, and 7% in 2007, then after the post election chaos and Global Financial Crisis—2008 (1.7%)and 2009 (2.6%), recovered to

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It was reported that Kibaki, who had previously been perceived as an "old-school gentleman", had "revealed a steely side" when he swore himself in within an hour of being announced the victor of the highly contested election—one where the results were largely in question. Odinga's supporters said he

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The post election violence [in early 2008 therefore is, in part, a consequence of the failure of President Kibaki and his first Government to exert political control over the country or to maintain sufficient legitimacy as would have allowed a civilised contest with him at the polls to be possible.

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tenure – a feat faced with several challenges, including the aftermath of the Nyayo Era (Moi Presidency), western donor fatigue, the President's ill health during his first term, political tension culminating in the break-up of the NARC coalition, the 2007–2008 post election violence, the 2007–2008

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for his second term, defiantly calling for the "verdict of the people" to be respected and for "healing and reconciliation" to begin. Tension arose and led to protests by a huge number of Kenyans who felt that Kibaki had refused to respect the verdict of the people and was now forcibly remaining in

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In preparation for the 2002 elections, Kibaki's Democratic Party affiliated with several other opposition parties to form the National Alliance of Rainbow Coalition (NARC). A group of disappointed KANU presidential aspirants then quit KANU in protest after being overlooked by outgoing President Moi

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from 1961 until her death in 2016. They had four children: Judy Wanjiku, Jimmy Kibaki, David Kagai, and Tony Githinji. They also had several grandchildren: Joy Jamie Marie, Rachael Muthoni, Mwai Junior, and Krystinaa Muthoni. Jimmy Kibaki has declared and aspired to be his father's political heir,

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and entered the presidential race in the upcoming multi-party elections of 1992. Kibaki was regarded as one of the favourites among Moi's challengers, although his support came mainly from the Kikuyu voters as the election was fought along ethnic lines, confirming a prediction made by both Moi and

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in 2010 was a major triumph and achievement, which went a long way into addressing Kenya's governance and institutional challenges. With the new Constitution started wide-ranging institutional and legislative reforms, which President Kibaki skilfully and successfully steered in the final years of

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The Kibaki regime also saw a reduction of Kenya's dependence on western donor aid, with the country being increasingly funded by internally generated resources such as increased tax revenue collection. Relations with the People's Republic of China, Japan, and other non-western powers improved and

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language. He also, as the political circumstances of the time dictated, projected himself as a loyal stalwart of the ruling single party, KANU. In the months before multi-party politics were introduced in 1992, he infamously declared that agitating for multi-party democracy and trying to dislodge

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in response released an unsigned statement that Kibaki's only immediate family at the time was his then wife, Lucy, and their four children. In 2009, Kibaki, with Lucy in close attendance, held an odd press conference to re-state publicly that he only had one wife. The matter of Kibaki's alleged

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Immediately the results were announced, Odinga bitterly accused Kibaki of electoral fraud. Odinga's allegations scored with his supporters, and seemed meritorious since the results had defied pre-election polls and expectations and election day exit polls. Furthermore, Odinga, who had campaigned

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For a leader who was popularly swept into power in 2002 on an anti-corruption platform, Kibaki's tenure saw graft scandals where hundreds of millions of shillings were siphoned from public coffers. Kibaki's National Rainbow Coalition – which took power from the authoritarian rule of Daniel arap

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President Kibaki, the economist whose term as Finance minister in the 1970s is widely celebrated as outstanding, did much as president to repair the damage done to the country's economy during the 24-year reign of his predecessor, President Moi. Compared to the Moi years, Kenya was much better

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was held on 21 November 2005. The main issue of contention in the Constitution review process was how much power should be vested in the Kenyan Presidency. In previous drafts, those who feared a concentration of power in the president added provisions for European-style power-sharing between a

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Development was resumed in all areas of the country, including the hitherto neglected and largely undeveloped semi-arid or arid north. Many sectors of the economy recovered from total collapse pre-2003. Numerous state corporations that had collapsed during the Moi years were revived and began

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communities-who had turned out to vote for Kibaki in large numbers after feeling, in reaction to the Odinga campaign, and with the covert encouragement of the Kibaki campaign, increasingly besieged and threatened by the pro-Odinga tribes. Moreover, ODM had won the most parliamentary and local

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held at Kenya's largest stadium. "I am happy to pass the torch of leadership to the new generation of leaders", said Kibaki. He also thanked his family and all Kenyans for the support they had given him throughout his tenure in office, and cited the various achievements his government made.

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Kibaki came third in the subsequent presidential elections of 1992, when the divided opposition lost to president Moi and KANU despite having received more than two-thirds of the vote. He then came second to Moi in the 1997 elections, when again, Moi beat a divided opposition to retain the

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Though Kibaki supported the proposal, some members of his own cabinet, mainly from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) wing led by Raila Odinga, allied with the main opposition party KANU to mobilize a powerful NO campaign that resulted in a majority of 58% of voters rejecting the draft.

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Kibaki's political style during these years was described as gentlemanly and non-confrontational. This style exposed him to criticism that he was a spineless, or even cowardly, politician who never took a stand: according to one joke, "He never saw a fence he didn't sit on". Similarly,

1675:. Most notorious of a raft of graft scandals was the multi-billion shilling Anglo Leasing case, which emerged in 2004 and involved public cash being paid to a complicated web of foreign companies for a range of services—including naval ships and passports—that never materialised." 989:

It is widely acknowledged that age and the 2002 accident denied the country the witty, sporty, eloquent Kibaki of the previous years. A man who could make lengthy and flowery contributions on the floor of Parliament without notes was confined to reading speeches at every forum.

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On 25 April 2022, his body was taken to Parliament buildings on a military gun carriage to offset the lying in state component of his state funeral. President Uhuru Kenyatta and First Lady wife Margaret Kenyatta led Kenyans in viewing the body. His body was laid on a

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As a consequence of, and immediately after, the referendum loss, on 23 November 2005, Kibaki dismissed his entire cabinet in the middle of his administration's term, with the aim of purging all Raila-allied ministers from the cabinet. About his decision Kibaki said;

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Opposition supporters saw the result as a plot by Kibaki's Kikuyu tribe, Kenya's largest, to keep power by any means. The tribes that lost the election were upset at the prospect of five years without political power, and anti-Kikuyu sentiment swelled, spawning the

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would be declared president at a rival ceremony on Monday, but police banned the event. Koki Muli, the head of local watchdog, the Institute of Education in Democracy, said called the day the "saddest...in the history of democracy in this country" and "a

894:, then London, after sustaining fracture injuries in the accident. After the accident, he had to move using a wheel chair up to months later after his presidency. For the remainder of his life, he walked rather awkwardly as a result of those injuries. 1014:

In January 2003, Kibaki introduced a free primary education initiative, which brought over 1 million children who would not have been able to afford school the chance to attend. The initiative received positive attention, including praise from

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against the concentration of political power in the hands of Kikuyu politicians, had won the votes of most of the other Kenyan tribes and regions, with Kibaki's victory being attained only with the near exclusive support of the populous

1246:, cited one constituency where his monitors saw official results for Kibaki that were 25,000 votes lower than the figure subsequently announced by the Electoral Commission, leading him to doubt the accuracy of the announced results. 673:

peasants Kibaki Gĩthĩnji and Teresia Wanjikũ. Though baptised as Emilio Stanley by Italian missionaries in his youth, he has been known as Mwai Kibaki throughout his public life. Kibaki started his schooling at the village school in

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The initial response to corruption was very solid ... but it became clear after a while that these scams reached all the way to the president himself," said Kenya's former anti-corruption chief John Githongo in Michela Wrong's book

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It was therefore with great surprise that the country received the news of Kibaki's resignation from government and leaving KANU on Christmas Day in December 1991, only days after the repeal of Section 2A of the then

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Three days later, after a protracted count which saw presidential results in Kibaki's Central Kenya come in last, allegedly inflated, in a cloud of suspicion and rising tensions, amid vehement protests by Raila's

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On 3 December 2002, Kibaki was injured in a road accident while on his way back to Nairobi from a campaign meeting at Machakos junction 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Nairobi. He was subsequently hospitalized in

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performing profitably. The telecommunications sector boomed. Rebuilding, modernisation, and expansion of infrastructure began in earnest, with several ambitious infrastructural and other projects, such as the

1059:"Following the results of the referendum, it has become necessary for me, as the President of the Republic, to re-organize my government to make it more cohesive and better able to serve the people of Kenya". 729:, from which he obtained a BSc in public finance, with distinction. In 1958, he went back to Makerere, where he taught as an assistant lecturer in the economics department until 1961. In 1961, Kibaki married 810:

also referred to him as "General Kiguoya" for refusing to resign the Kanu government and join the opposition after he was dropped as vice president in 1988. 'Kiguoya' translates to the 'fearful one' in the

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rated him among the top 100 people in the world who had the potential to lead. He was re-elected Member of Parliament for Othaya in the subsequent elections of 1979, 1983, 1988, 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007.

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Stefan Dercon (Oxford University), Michael Bratton (Michigan State University), Mwangi Kimenyi (University of Connecticut), Roxana Gutierrez-Romero (Oxford University) and Tessa Bold (Oxford University).

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and the Ndung'u Commission, which investigated irregular land allocation. However, the reports were not implemented. Further, the Kibaki administration was rocked by a corruption scandal of its own, the

4870: 1798:, and later flew to South Africa for specialized treatment. Unlike the Kenyatta and Moi families, Kibaki's family has shown little interest in politics save for his nephew Nderitu Muriithi, Governor of 1201:, to another room where Kivuitu went on to declare Kibaki the winner by 4,584,721 votes to Odinga's 4,352,993, placing Kibaki ahead of Odinga by about 232,000 votes in the hotly contested election with 3761: 1630:

Though President Kibaki was never personally accused of corruption, and managed to virtually end the grabbing of public land rampant in the Moi and Kenyatta eras, he was unable to adequately contain

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and 50 assistant ministers, Kenya's largest ever. The cabinet was fifty percent Kibaki appointed ministers and fifty percent Raila appointed ministers, and was in reality a carefully balanced ethnic

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to mount his own fringe bid for the presidency, thus narrowing down the contest between the main candidates, Kibaki, the incumbent, and Odinga. Opinion polls up to election day showed Kibaki behind

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and made him seem out of touch with the street, and his seemingly hands-off leadership-by-delegation style made his governments, especially at the cabinet level, appear dysfunctional.

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and Daniel arap Moi governments, including as minister for Finance (1969–1981) under Kenyatta, and Minister for Home Affairs (1982–1988) and Minister for Health (1988–1991) under Moi.

686:) between 1944 and 1946. In addition to his academic studies, he learned carpentry and masonry at the school. After Karima Primary and Nyeri Boarding primary schools, he proceeded to 1568:. His opponents charged that a major aim of his presidency was the preservation of the privileged position of the elite that emerged during the Kenyatta years, of which he was part. 946:

Kibaki's swearing in marked the end of four decades of KANU rule, the party having ruled Kenya since independence. Moi, who had been in power for 24 years, began his retirement.

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this presidency."His greatest moment was the promulgation of the new Constitution... It was a very deep and emotional moment for him," Kibaki's son Jimmy was quoted as saying.

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Report of the Justice Philip Waki Chaired Commission of Inquiry into Post Election Violence formed to probe into the post 2007 Kenya General Elections Violence: pp. 29–30

2400: 1094:. On 16 September 2007, Kibaki announced that he would stand as the candidate of a new alliance incorporating all the parties who supported his re-election, called the 6199: 6098: 1424:, which would have been seen as unattainable during the Moi years were completed. The country's cities and towns also began being positively renewed and transformed. 6457: 1265:

The violence continued for more than two months, as Kibaki ruled with "half" a cabinet he had appointed, with Odinga and ODM refusing to recognize him as president.

3041: 858:'s son and Kibaki's successor as Kenya's 4th President after the 2013 General Election) nominated to be the KANU presidential candidate, and hurriedly formed the 3099: 1845: 4874: 1922: 48: 5218: 4964: 6512: 6302: 4222: 3494: 3319: 2422: 5203: 6188: 3472: 3429: 1950: 1824: 3796: 3768: 6269: 5917: 4830: 2993: 746:

In early 1960, Mwai Kibaki left academia for active politics by giving up his job at Makerere and returning to Kenya to become an executive officer of

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from Kibaki's family, led publicly by Kibaki's son, Jimmy, and despite Kibaki's public endorsement and campaign for her opponent, succeeded Kibaki as

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President Kibaki was accused of ruling with a small group of his elderly peers, mainly from the educated side of the Kikuyu elite that emerged in the

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The Kibaki presidency set itself the main task of reviving and turning round country after years of stagnation and economic mismanagement during the

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presidency. This perception was reinforced when the President was seen to have trashed the pre- 2002 election Memorandum of Understanding with the

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In his last year at Mang'u, Kibaki briefly considered enlisting in the army, but this ambition was thwarted when Kenya's Chief colonial secretary,

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On 30 December 2002, still nursing injuries from the motor vehicle accident and in a wheel chair, Kibaki was sworn in as the third President and

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with reports of his presidential activities - however routine or mundane; and never engaged in the populist sloganeering of his predecessors.

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Moi—was welcomed for its promises of change and economic growth, but soon showed that it was better suited to treading established paths.

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mistress, and his wife's unusually dramatic public reactions therein, provided an embarrassing side-show during his presidency, with the

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from December 2002 until April 2013. He served in various leadership positions in Kenya's government including being the longest serving

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PROFILE OF HIS EXCELLENCY HON. MWAI KIBAKI, C.G.H., M.P., PRESIDENT AND COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA

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in accusing the president of rigging the poll, and both opposition leaders boycotted Moi's swearing in for his fifth term in office.

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ceremonial President elected via universal suffrage and an executive Prime Minister elected by Parliament. The draft presented by

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Kibaki enjoyed playing golf and was a member of the Muthaiga Golf Club. He was a practicing and a very committed member of the

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cited "real concerns" over irregularities, while international observers refused to declare the election free and fair. The

721:. He graduated with a first class honours degree in economics. After graduation, Kibaki remained in Uganda, working for the 6447: 5092: 4615: 4146: 3665: 3455: 3280: 1277: 3896: 3600: 2584: 1562:

likeness of the former world they knew." Elected in 2002 on a reform platform, Kibaki was seen to have re-established the

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growth to 10% annually and transforming Kenya into a middle income country by 2030, which he unveiled on 30 October 2006.

6502: 6492: 6472: 6288: 1702: 1662:, in an article published on 4 March 2013 titled "End of a decade of highs and lows for Mwai Kibaki" summarised it thus: 776:, whom he had only narrowly and controversially beaten for the seat in the 1969 elections, moved his political base from 755: 5652: 5177: 4685: 3922: 3049: 897:

The rest of his presidential campaign was thus conducted by his NARC colleagues in his absence, led by Raila Odinga and

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Global Financial crisis, and a tenuous relationship with his coalition partner, Raila Odinga, during his second term.

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nationally, but closing. On regional analysis, the polls showed him behind Raila in all regions of the country except

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Member of Parliament from 1992 to 2002. He unsuccessfully vied for the presidency in 1992 and 1997. He served as the

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The forty shilling coin with President Mwai Kibaki's portrait and inscription commemorating 40 Years of Independence

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President Kibaki's style was that of a low key publicity averse but highly intelligent and competent technocrat.

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and Kibaki, now referred to as the "two Principals". The accord, later passed by the Kenyan Parliament as the

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In 2004, the media reported that Kibaki had a second spouse, whom he allegedly married under customary law,

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In summary, the Kibaki Presidency did not do nearly enough to address the problem of tribalism in Kenya.

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within Nairobi City. At his inauguration, he stressed his opposition to government corruption, saying:

863: 726: 678:, where he completed two years. He then continued his education at the Karima mission school, close to 642: 638: 574: 189: 5680: 2108: 2100: 5926: 5861: 5713: 4369: 3974: 3708: 2924: 2246: 2155: 1435:, by which Local Government structures were Constitutionally redesigned, enhanced, and strengthened. 1243: 1041: 1022: 772:

In 1974, Kibaki, facing serious competition for his Doonholm Constituency seat from an opponent Mrs.

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Michela Wrong, "It's Our Turn to Eat-The Story of a Kenyan Whistleblower" Chapter 17, Harper, 2009,

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to his rural home, Othaya, where he was subsequently elected as Member of Parliament. The same year

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Following the mediation, a deal, called the national accord, was signed in February 2008 between

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The passage of Kenya's transformative 2010 Constitution, championed by President Kibaki in the

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On 26 January 2007, President Kibaki declared his intention of running for re-election in the

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One hour later, in a hastily convened dusk ceremony, Kibaki was sworn in at the grounds of

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led ODM Party being achieved nearly exclusively with the votes of the populous Mt. Kenya

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The handover marked the end of his presidency and of his 50 years of public service.

1439: 1396: 966: 718: 683: 5631:"PRESS RELEASE: UNIVERSITY COUNCIL ENDORSES HONORARY DOCTORATE FOR H.E. MWAI KIBAKI" 2377: 6351: 6052: 6001: 5977: 5723: 4236: 4191:

Ambassador Johnny Carson:From Moi to Kibaki:An Assessment of the Kenyan Transition

2700: 994: 883: 733:, the daughter of a church minister, who was then a secondary school head teacher. 611:(15 November 1931 – 21 April 2022) was a Kenyan politician who served as the third 565: 283: 5468: 2851:"EMILIO MWAI KIBAKI 1. ENCYCLOPEDIA – COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 2. BIOGRAPHY" 2828: 2273: 1449: 1412:

managed, by far more competent public sector personnel, and was much transformed.

1023:

2005: Constitutional referendum, the NARC fallout and government of national unity

6158: 6031: 5957: 5847: 5706: 5313: 5161: 5142: 4924: 4834: 4770: 4763: 4689: 4603: 4596: 4554: 4548:

Kenya: Kibaki Launches Vision for Growth Kenya: Kibaki Launches Vision for Growth

4327: 4170: 4128: 4087: 3669: 3650: 3543: 3459: 3433: 3284: 3211: 2620: 2300: 1833: 1799: 1756: 1505: 1458: 1372: 1360: 1348: 1281: 1273: 1202: 1143: 1079: 874:, Kibaki was nominated the NARC opposition alliance presidential candidate after 812: 791: 627: 312: 271: 259: 210: 170: 158: 150: 4848: 4738: 4522:"Kenya laws, Kenya constitution - Objects and principles of devolved government" 4499: 4142: 4061:"NBC News - Breaking News & Top Stories - Latest World, US & Local News" 3662: 3622: 3452: 3277: 3159: 2806: 2459: 1280:. Such malpractices included widespread bribery, vote buying, intimidation, and 6391: 6376: 6356: 6346: 6259: 6254: 6173: 5987: 5947: 5867: 5793: 5742: 5066:"Nation - Breaking News, Kenya, Africa, Politics, Business, Sports | HOME" 4035:"ReliefWeb ť Document ť Tribal rivalries underlie Kenya post-election violence" 3376:. the Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence (CIPEV). eastandard.net 3075:"It's a mixed bag of fortunes as Kibaki heads off to retirement - Daily Nation" 2937: 2904: 2713: 2681: 2592: 1994: 1795: 1769: 1722: 1698: 1610: 1489: 1466: 1388: 1251: 1239: 1198: 993:

In late January 2003, it was announced that the President had been admitted to

902: 898: 851: 807: 662: 182: 72: 5243: 5181: 2585:"Nairobi's corruption busting new leader tries to undo Moi's years of misrule" 6416: 6341: 6331: 5837: 3926: 2919: 1777: 1645: 1614: 1598: 1594: 1575: 1538: 1526: 1518: 1304: 1218: 1137: 1136:

On 30 September 2007, President Kibaki launched his presidential campaign at

855: 816:

KANU from power was like "trying to cut down a fig tree with a razor blade".

795: 782: 698: 670: 631: 469: 340: 328: 316: 1133:, which nominated him as its presidential candidate for the 2007 elections. 1063:

The only members of the cabinet office to be spared a midterm exit were the

6401: 6386: 6381: 6264: 6148: 6041: 5895: 5877: 5802: 2558: 2436: 2278: 1658: 1580: 1552:

The Commission of Inquiry into Post Election Violence (CIPEV) put it thus:

1534: 1530: 1332: 1325: 1311: 1151: 1126: 1016: 978: 973:

His style of leadership gave him the image of a seemingly aloof, withdrawn

875: 838: 690:, where he studied between 1947 and 1950, gaining the highest grade in his 666: 130: 5750: 5469:"Kenya: Suluhu Declares Two Days of National Mourning in Honour of Kibaki" 5063:

For Kibaki, the curtain falls on 50 years of public service. Daily Nation.

4344:"The Kenya Government – Achievements of the 2002–2007 Government of Kenya" 6366: 6021: 4321:

Accountability statement. Just 10% of what the Kibaki government has done

1849: 1746: 1738: 1730: 1584:

newspaper on 12 April 2013 summarized the Kibaki Political Legacy thus:-

1546: 1542: 1522: 1380: 1226: 1222: 1163: 1159: 1098:. The parties in his alliance included the much diminished former ruling 1072: 999: 730: 706: 702: 527: 380: 154: 4828:

Kenya's Proposed Government Faces Challenges in Overhauling Constitution

1832:

April 2022 with full military honors after a church service held by the

1173: 91: 6168: 1816: 1726: 1320: 1300: 1291: 1119: 1111: 1107: 974: 935: 867: 773: 3513: 3427:"Kenyan president announces new party affiliation for re-election bid" 4686:"Office of Public Communications – Office of Government Spokesperson" 4496:"Office of Public Communications – Office of Government Spokesperson" 4447: 3848:"Office of Government Spokesperson – Election 2007 – KENYA President" 2346: 1837: 1344: 1288:(ECK), which was shortly thereafter disbanded by the new Parliament. 1044: 754:(who was the secretary general of KANU). Kibaki then helped to draft 722: 675: 658: 465: 5504: 3510:"Too Close to Call: Why Kibaki Might Lose the 2007 Kenyan Election" 1853: 1462: 1392: 1167: 5021:"End of a decade of highs and lows for Mwai Kibaki - Daily Nation" 4995:"End of a decade of highs and lows for Mwai Kibaki - Daily Nation" 4939:"Business Books: Corruption drains Kenya as donors turn blind eye" 4237:"Kenya - GDP - real growth rate - Historical Data Graphs per Year" 3039: 2750:"Kenya's Moi begins 5th term as president, vows corruption battle" 1351:

as vice president, was known as the "Grand Coalition Government".

3234:"Private schools for the poor: education where no one expects it" 3182:"Kenya: Free primary education brings over 1 million into school" 2759: 1788: 1618: 1400: 1194: 1027: 891: 871: 777: 766: 714: 485: 6319: 5818: 4616:"China Confidential: China Closes Oil Exploration Deal in Kenya" 4366:"What has Kibaki Government done with your Money? Truth be Told" 3512:. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Archived from 1047:

for the referendum retained sweeping powers for the Presidency.

26: 4660:"Iran extends credit facility to Kenya – People's Daily Online" 3894: 2045: 1474: 1454: 1384: 1376: 942:"Government will no longer be run on the whims of individuals." 934:, in front of thousands of cheering supporters at the historic 709:

communities from joining the military. Kibaki instead attended

679: 5327:"Kibaki leads latest Hall of Fame list as Kenya Open turns 50" 4962: 4338: 4336: 1780:

Live that President Kibaki had introduced Wambui as his wife.

1303:

with a panel of "Eminent African Personalities" backed by the

828:

of government. Soon after his resignation, Kibaki founded the

6315: 6232: 6131: 6067: 5785: 3100:"Kibaki's failing health put on hold all pledges he had made" 2071: 2017: 1989: 1963: 1935: 1907: 931: 569: 5487:"Tanzania declares two days of national mourning for Kibaki" 5260:"Wambui trounces Kibaki's chosen Othaya heir - Capital News" 3388:"Kibaki declares he is ready for a second presidential term" 3300:. 27 August 2004. Archived from the original on 11 July 2006 1637: 1002:

Vice President after the death in office of Vice President,

761:

In 1963, Kibaki was elected as Member of Parliament for the

4333: 4288:. Eastandard.net. Archived from the original on 8 June 2009 3298:"KENYA: Year in Review 2005 – Searching for a constitution" 1697:

Kibaki handed over the Kenyan presidency to his successor,

1371:

President Mwai Kibaki with, from left to right, Presidents

1230:

authority seats by a wide margin. A joint statement by the

866:(NARC). On 14 October 2002, at a large opposition rally in 3712: 2986:"New era for Kenya as opposition obliterates ruling party" 2342:"Mwai Kibaki: Former Kenyan president leaves mixed legacy" 1721:

President Kibaki and Mrs. Lucy Kibaki with U.S. President

1525:

Mafia". There was therefore the perception that his was a

1521:

era, usually referred to as the "Kitchen Cabinet" or the "

1508:

at the Kenya Investment Conference in London, 31 July 2012

798:

as President of Kenya in 1978, Kibaki was elevated to the

765:(subsequently called Bahati and now known as Makadara) in 5369:"Kibaki's Death: Uhuru Declares National Mourning Period" 3021:

It's Our Turn to Eat: The Story of a Kenyan Whistleblower

1760:

terming the entire scandal as a "new Kenyan soap opera".

1742:

though he has been unsuccessful in that endeavor so far.

1443: 4927:. Voice of America (2006-07-24, updated 31 October 2009) 4638:"Kenyan President thanks Chinese government for support" 3015: 3013: 3011: 1768:

in the 2013 General Election. In December 2014, Senator

4784:"Ethnicity and Violence in the 2007 Elections in Kenya" 3040:

Bernard Namunane and David Mugonyi (17 February 2009).

1632:

Kenya's widely entrenched culture of endemic corruption

1324:

for power-sharing, with Kibaki remaining President and

736: 6310: 3791: 3789: 3644:"Kibaki re-elected Kenyan president: official results" 1923:

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

1438:

President Kibaki also oversaw the creation of Kenya's

833:

political analysts at the beginning of multipartyism.

4714:. News.xinhuanet.com. 11 October 2007. Archived from 3767:. Interinational Republican Institute. Archived from 3008: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 1268:

When the election was eventually investigated by the

1174:

2007–2008: Results dispute and post-election violence

5384:"Archbishop Muheria to lead Kibaki's burial service" 4764:

Keriri Tells Why Kibaki Trashed Coalition's 2002 MoU

3820: 3818: 3200: 2578: 2576: 2483:"Wave of anarchy blamed on Kenya's 'General Coward'" 1292:

2008: National accord and Grand Coalition Government

630:. He also held cabinet ministerial positions in the 5219:"Mary Wambui still haunting State House | NTV" 4897:"Kibaki, giant of Kenyan politics, wins last fight" 4573:. Planning.go.ke. 15 September 2009. Archived from 4286:"Major transport project to open up northern Kenya" 3923:"Protests, deaths in Kenya after disputed election" 3786: 3537:

Ethnicity, Violence and the 2007 Elections in Kenya

2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2782:"The deal and deal makers in Kibaki's 2002 victory" 2506: 2504: 2334: 2099: 1951:

Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology

1836:at Othaya approved school. The honors included the 862:(LDP). NAK later combined with the LDP to form the 717:, Uganda, where he studied economics, history, and 4470:"New source of funding for Kenya's rural projects" 4101:"African Union head meets Kenya's feuding parties" 3895:Wangui Kanina and Duncan Miriri (9 January 2008). 2301:"Kenya's Mwai Kibaki: The hope and disappointment" 2201: 1787:and attended Consolata Shrines Catholic Church in 1328:taking a newly re-created post of Prime Minister. 4963:LYNN SWEET Sun-Times Columnist (29 August 2006). 4261:. Railwaysafrica.com. 4 June 2009. Archived from 4037:. Reliefweb.int. 31 December 2007. Archived from 3997:"Kenya: truth forgotten in the fires of violence" 3815: 2917: 2573: 2330:(first ed.). London: Heinemann. p. 147. 6458:Chiefs of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya 6414: 5429:"Ex-President Mwai Kibaki dies, Uhuru announces" 5204:New Kenyan Soap Opera: The President's Two Wives 4936: 3493:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3352:. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009 3318:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2944: 2501: 2460:"Profile – Kenya's New Leader," BBC News Online" 2421:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2325: 2131:"Ex-President Mwai Kibaki Dies, Uhuru Announces" 1453:President Mwai Kibaki with, from left to right, 1442:, a long-term development plan aimed at raising 1284:by both sides, as well as incompetence from the 1129:, had used the referendum victory to launch the 1078:A report by a Kenyan Commission of Inquiry, the 626:for ten years from 1978 to 1988 under President 5402:"Kenya: Mwai Kibaki, former president, is dead" 5352:- Panic as Kibaki Joins Moi at Nairobi Hospital 4618:. Chinaconfidential.blogspot.com. 28 April 2006 4221:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3683:"Kibaki claims win in disputed Kenyan election" 3390:. Archived from the original on 29 January 2007 2728:"AFRICAN ELECTIONS DATABASE-Elections in Kenya" 1866:Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya 1819:at the Speaker's way bearing the colour of his 1296:The country was only saved by the mediation of 1009: 645:in Parliament from 1998 to 2002. Following the 4712:"China building solid road to Kenya relations" 4011: 3925:. Tvnz.co.nz. 31 December 2007. Archived from 3736:"Kenya deaths and accusations on eve of polls" 2979: 2977: 2403:. Archived from the original on 9 January 2004 1354: 1339:, along with a power-sharing Cabinet, with 42 6296: 6215: 6114: 6079:*post vacant 1998−1999, interrupting his term 5911: 5766: 5057: 4392:"Kibaki's Achievements on the Infrastructure" 3951:. France 24. 30 December 2007. Archived from 3685:. Mcclatchy. 30 December 2007. Archived from 3583:"Kenyans riot as Kibaki declared poll winner" 2551: 1625: 1307:, the United States, and the United Kingdom. 5925: 4597:"Kenya: Kenyans Almost Weaned Off Donor Aid" 4446:. Kippra.org. 9 January 2004. Archived from 4199:. Archived from the original on 18 July 2006 3475:. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008 2957: 6513:Party of National Unity (Kenya) politicians 5780: 5653:"Kibaki receives Honorary Doctorate Degree" 5136:Like father like son, Jimmy tastes politics 2974: 1316:National Accord and Reconciliation Act 2008 984: 682:town, before moving to Mathari School (now 652: 6303: 6289: 6222: 6208: 6121: 6107: 5918: 5904: 5773: 5759: 5686:Profile of His Excellency Hon. Mwai Kibaki 5555:"President honoured by Masinde University" 5252: 5047:"Kibaki's Farewell Speech | the Star" 4918:Kenya Still Beset by Widespread Corruption 4229: 3094: 3092: 3042:"Chaos in cabinet as Karua and Ruto clash" 90: 3069: 3067: 2244: 1272:on the 2007 Elections chaired by Justice 661:village, Othaya division of Kenya's then 6498:Members of the National Assembly (Kenya) 6453:Alumni of the London School of Economics 5013: 4987: 4965:"Senator Obama Rebukes Kenya Corruption" 4863: 4418:"CDF was focus of Uhuru's stimulus plan" 4283: 4168: 3941: 3499:, AFP via News24.com, 30 September 2007. 3210:. CBS News. 22 July 2005. Archived from 2920:"Clipped from the Philadelphia Inquirer" 2401:"The Influential Young Turks of the 60s" 1716: 1636: 1604: 1483: 1448: 1366: 1236:Department for International Development 1191:Kenyatta International Conference Center 1026: 960: 912: 649:, he was elected as President of Kenya. 251:14 October 1978 – 24 March 1988 120:30 December 2002 – 9 April 2013 51:of all important aspects of the article. 5503:. University of Nairobi. Archived from 5381: 5284:. Jeff Koinange Live. 3 December 2015. 5113:. Statehousekenya.go.ke. Archived from 5093:"Former First Lady Lucy Kibaki is dead" 4846: 4736: 3826:"The Kenya Election Violence Explained" 3623:"BBC:Kibaki named victor in Kenya vote" 3576: 3574: 3448: 3446: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3174: 3089: 2635:"One-Party Rule Now Crumbling in Kenya" 2632: 2271: 2222:. Statehousekenya.go.ke. Archived from 1794:On 21 August 2016, Kibaki was taken to 1692: 1347:. The arrangement, which also included 930:of the Armed Forces of the Republic of 837:presidency. Kibaki joined third-placed 657:Kibaki was born on 15 November 1931 in 622:He had previously served as the fourth 542: 1961; died 2016) 6508:National Rainbow Coalition politicians 6415: 5426: 5316:State House of Kenya (6 November 2004) 4217:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4149:from the original on 17 September 2016 3799:. The Tokyo Foundation. Archived from 3656: 3557:"A Thomson Reuters Foundation Service" 3064: 2801: 2799: 2664:"Kenyan boss shows how elections fail" 2633:Hiltzik, Michael A. (7 January 1992). 2543:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2128: 2059:Dedan Kimathi University of Technology 1597:scam, involving his close associates. 965:President Mwai Kibaki meets with Adm. 47:Please consider expanding the lead to 6284: 6203: 6102: 5899: 5754: 5466: 5288:from the original on 11 December 2021 5090: 4937:Matthew Tostevin (12 February 2009). 4688:. Communication.go.ke. Archived from 4498:. Communication.go.ke. Archived from 4368:. Communication.go.ke. Archived from 4103:. Christiantoday.com. 10 January 2008 3949:"Violence ensues as Kibaki reelected" 3874:"Global Insight // Same-Day Analysis" 3850:. Communication.go.ke. Archived from 3828:. Kenya-advisor.com. 27 December 2007 3653:, AFP (abc.net.au), 31 December 2007. 2983: 2672:. Free Press Africa Bureau. p. 3 2661: 2582: 2457: 2392: 2245:Beresford, David (31 December 2007). 2093: 1859: 1037:2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum 6463:Democratic Party (Kenya) politicians 5307:Speech by H.E. President Mwai Kibaki 4571:"The unveiling of Kenya Vision 2030" 4140:"Odinga Sworn in as Kenyan Premier" 3975:"Tribal Politics by Stanley Meisler" 3733: 3580: 3571: 3443: 3330: 3130:"Assertive Kibaki suprises [ 2918:Sudarsan Raghavan (5 January 2003). 2807:"Kenyan candidate treated in London" 2559:"Columbia Encyclopedia: Mwai Kibaki" 2480: 1827:. His body was also guarded by four 1679: 1278:December 2007 Presidential elections 1270:Independent Review Commission (IREC) 969:, Commander of U.S. Central Command. 917:Presidential Standard of Mwai Kibaki 737:Political career prior to presidency 20: 16:President of Kenya from 2002 to 2013 5611:. Kenyatta University. 19 July 2010 5382:Wanjiru, Margaret (30 April 2022). 5145:. standardmedia.co.ke (7 July 2009) 4791:Afrobarometer Briefing Paper No. 48 4773:. allafrica.com (11 September 2007) 4143:"Odinga sworn in as Kenyan premier" 3663:"Kibaki named victor in Kenya vote" 2796: 2458:Smith, Russell (29 December 2002). 2272:Muchire, Wilfred (6 January 2006). 1872: 1844:bugle cry, a 19 gun salute and The 1512: 949: 13: 4837:. Voice of America (13 March 2008) 4472:. Entrepreneur.com. Archived from 4259:"Major Projects in Northern Kenya" 3453:"Kenya president eyes re-election" 3278:"Kenya's entire cabinet dismissed" 2984:Walsh, Declan (30 December 2002). 1085: 14: 6539: 6239:2002 Kenyan presidential election 6138:2007 Kenyan presidential election 5674: 4847:Mwakugu, Noel (21 January 2008). 4762:Renson Buluma and Peter Atsiaya. 4737:Mwakugu, Noel (21 January 2008). 4394:. SkyNewswire.com. Archived from 4090:. korogocho.org (1 February 2008) 1852:declared three days of mourning; 1578:, in an article published in the 844: 756:Kenya's independence constitution 643:Leader of the Official Opposition 619:(MP) in Kenya from 1963 to 2013. 6318: 6231: 6130: 6066: 5817: 5691:Profile of President Mwai Kibaki 5645: 5623: 5598: 5573: 5547: 5519: 5493: 5479: 5460: 5446: 5420: 5394: 5375: 5361: 5345: 5319: 5300: 5274: 5237: 5211: 5196: 5170: 5148: 5129: 5103: 5084: 5039: 4956: 4930: 4911: 4899:. Alertnet.org. 30 December 2007 4889: 4840: 4821: 4812: 4776: 4756: 4730: 4704: 4640:. Fmprc.gov.cn. 26 February 2005 4169:Phombeah, Gray (5 August 2002). 3899:. Uk.reuters.com. Archived from 3797:"Kenya's Post-Election Violence" 3473:"Kibaki: I deserve another term" 2583:Walsh, Declan (4 January 2003). 2064: 2038: 2010: 1982: 1956: 1928: 1900: 1712: 1686:Kenyan constitutional referendum 1498:Lord Mayor of the City of London 1298:United Nations Secretary-General 701:, prohibited members of Kikuyu, 589: 25: 6438:21st-century Kenyan politicians 6433:20th-century Kenyan politicians 5427:Mwangi, Denis (22 April 2022). 5262:. capitalfm.co.ke. 5 March 2013 5072:from the original on 1 May 2016 4849:"Kenya's 'mafia' feel the heat" 4793:. February 2008. Archived from 4739:"Kenya's 'mafia' feel the heat" 4678: 4652: 4630: 4608: 4589: 4563: 4540: 4514: 4488: 4462: 4444:"Constituency Development Fund" 4436: 4410: 4384: 4358: 4314: 4277: 4251: 4185: 4162: 4134: 4115: 4093: 4074: 4053: 4027: 3989: 3967: 3915: 3888: 3866: 3840: 3754: 3727: 3701: 3675: 3637: 3615: 3601:"Inside Kenya's elections 2008" 3593: 3549: 3528: 3502: 3465: 3420: 3379: 3290: 3271: 3249: 3238: 3226: 3152: 3122: 3033: 2911: 2879: 2843: 2821: 2774: 2742: 2720: 2688: 2662:Tyson, Remer (4 January 1993). 2655: 2626: 2607: 2474: 2451: 2429: 2366: 2129:Mwangi, Denis (22 April 2022). 1856:declared two days of mourning. 1766:Member of Parliament for Othaya 1749:, and a daughter, Wangui Mwai. 1488:President Mwai Kibaki with the 539: 39:may be too short to adequately 6478:20th-century Kenyan economists 5467:Ayega, Davis (29 April 2022). 5178:"Kibaki: I have only one wife" 5091:Agutu, Nancy (26 April 2016). 5023:. nation.co.ke. Archived from 4997:. nation.co.ke. Archived from 3734:Rice, Xan (27 December 2007). 3581:Rice, Xan (30 December 2007). 3462:, BBC News, 16 September 2007. 3257:"Analysis by Wanjohi Kabukuru" 2958:Gitau Warigi (14 April 2006). 2319: 2293: 2265: 2238: 2174: 2148: 2122: 1648:describes the situation thus: 921: 878:made the famous declaration; " 669:). He was the youngest son of 49:provide an accessible overview 1: 6468:Government ministers of Kenya 5606:"KU Honours President Kibaki" 5202:Emily Wax (30 January 2004). 4346:. Kenya-information-guide.com 3999:. Radio Netherlands Worldwide 3711:. Raila07.com. Archived from 3672:, BBC News, 20 December 2007. 3287:, BBC News, 23 November 2005. 3160:"Kenya's vice-president dies" 2960:"Kibaki's 'mafia' on the run" 2730:. Africanelections.tripod.com 2481:Rice, Xan (3 February 2008). 2437:"Mwai Kibaki: Biography from" 2398:Daily Nation, 13 April 2003: 2274:"Kenya: Kibaki the Schoolboy" 2087: 1823:and dressed in his trademark 1429:Constituency Development Fund 1286:Electoral Commission of Kenya 1146:then broke away from Raila's 908: 360:1974 – 28 March 2013 6443:Alumni of Mang'u High School 5681:Mwai Kibaki official website 4081:Kibaki names part of Cabinet 3625:. BBC News. 30 December 2007 3438:International Herald Tribune 2704:. 4 January 1993. p. 18 2326:Goidsu'ortly, David (1982). 2080: 2052: 2026: 1998: 1970: 1944: 1916: 1733:during a state visit in 2003 1703:public inauguration ceremony 1010:2003: Free primary education 748:Kenya African National Union 741: 723:Shell Company of East Africa 7: 6448:Alumni of Nyeri High School 5633:. Makerere University. 2012 4171:"BBC:Moi's legacy to Kenya" 3559:. AlertNet. 6 November 2011 3232:Education Next, Fall 2005: 2895:. 2 January 2003. p. 2 2809:. BBC News. 5 December 2002 2770:– via Newspapers.com. 2762:. 6 January 1998. p. 8 2651:– via Newspapers.com. 2198:. people.africadatabase.org 1609:President Mwai Kibaki with 1416:5% in 2010 and 5% in 2011. 1355:Economic legacy: turnaround 10: 6544: 6503:Finance ministers of Kenya 6493:Makerere University alumni 6473:Kenyan democracy activists 6088:2010 Constitution of Kenya 5155:I'm no polygamist – Kibaki 3245:Analysis of the Wako Draft 3162:. BBC News. 23 August 2003 2376:. mzalendo. Archived from 2374:"Eye on Kenyan Parliament" 2289:– via allAfrica.com. 1888: 1626:Failure to tame corruption 1177: 1092:2007 presidential election 864:National Rainbow Coalition 750:(KANU), at the request of 727:London School of Economics 647:2002 presidential election 604:Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki 575:London School of Economics 453:Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki 6327: 6245: 6144: 6075: 6064: 5933: 5826: 5815: 5792: 5739: 5730: 5720: 5711: 5703: 5698: 5312:23 September 2013 at the 5180:. YouTube. Archived from 4326:30 September 2011 at the 4306:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3408:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3370:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3188:. ReliefWeb. 22 July 2005 2925:The Philadelphia Inquirer 1244:Alexander Graf Lambsdorff 597: 585: 562:University of East Africa 557: 549: 521: 492: 475: 448: 443: 439: 429: 419: 407: 396: 386: 374: 364: 353: 346: 334: 322: 308: 297: 289: 277: 265: 255: 244: 236: 226: 216: 206: 195: 188: 176: 164: 142: 124: 113: 105: 101: 89: 70: 6528:Vice-presidents of Kenya 6518:People from Nyeri County 5927:Vice-presidents of Kenya 4284:Ali Abdi (4 July 2007). 2992:. London. Archived from 2829:"Ref Elections in Kenya" 2591:. London. Archived from 2182:"List of positions held" 2077:Doctor of Humane Letters 1805: 1492:Foreign Office Minister 1125:Kibaki's main opponent, 1069:Minister of Home Affairs 1031:President Kibaki in 2005 985:First term health issues 860:Liberal Democratic Party 653:Early life and education 414:Constituency established 5714:Vice President of Kenya 5586:. University of Nairobi 4769:11 October 2012 at the 4553:1 November 2006 at the 4127:5 February 2009 at the 4086:16 October 2015 at the 3432:19 January 2008 at the 2831:. Psephos.adam-carr.net 2755:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 2109:Encyclopædia Britannica 2101:Encyclopædia Britannica 1811:Mwai Kibaki is buried. 1701:, on 9 April 2013 at a 1337:Prime Minister of Kenya 1260:2007–2008 Kenyan crisis 1180:2007–2008 Kenyan crisis 1096:Party of National Unity 624:Vice-President of Kenya 498:Party of National Unity 403:1963 – 1974 304:1969 – 1982 239:Vice President of Kenya 202:1988 – 1991 6483:Kenyan Roman Catholics 6012:Michael Kijana Wamalwa 5938:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga 5160:4 January 2016 at the 4602:9 October 2012 at the 4159:-accessed 8 June 2009. 4122:IREC Executive Summary 3709:"Raila 2007 – Welcome" 3649:23 August 2009 at the 3385:Martin Mutua and PPS. 3208:"Clinton Visits Kenya" 2156:"Mwai Kibaki Obituary" 1791:every Sunday at noon. 1737:Kibaki was married to 1734: 1677: 1654: 1642: 1622: 1603: 1559: 1509: 1504:and Minister of Trade 1477: 1408: 1407:Head of States Meeting 1405:East African Community 1232:British Foreign Office 1061: 1032: 1004:Michael Wamalwa Kijana 970: 944: 918: 886:for "Kibaki enough") 232:Joshua Mulanda Angatia 5534:politicalarticles.net 5406:The Africa Report.com 5141:8 August 2016 at the 4330:. Government of Kenya 4131:. communication.go.ke 3603:. Africa Confidential 3458:21 March 2016 at the 3440:), 16 September 2007. 3138:The Nairobi Chronicle 3023:p. 11, Harper, 2009, 2696:"Moi wins Kenya poll" 2640:The Los Angeles Times 2220:"State House profile" 1977:University of Nairobi 1895:University of Nairobi 1846:Missing Man formation 1821:presidential standard 1802:, from 2017 to 2022. 1785:Roman Catholic Church 1720: 1664: 1650: 1640: 1608: 1586: 1554: 1487: 1452: 1370: 1057: 1030: 964: 940: 916: 830:Democratic Party (DP) 824:, which restored the 822:Constitution of Kenya 763:Doonholm Constituency 6312:Ministers of Finance 5027:on 17 September 2016 5001:on 17 September 2016 4923:5 March 2016 at the 4833:5 March 2016 at the 4692:on 20 September 2010 3977:. Stanleymeisler.com 3542:22 June 2011 at the 3436:, Associated Press ( 3283:6 March 2016 at the 3259:. Thefreelibrary.com 3052:on 14 September 2012 2614:Mwai Kibaki. Trailer 2352:Agence France Presse 1829:Kenya Defence Forces 1693:2013: Power handover 1673:It's Our Turn to Eat 1210:State House, Nairobi 637:Kibaki served as an 617:Member of Parliament 292:Minister for Finance 6523:Presidents of Kenya 5184:on 20 December 2011 4502:on 22 November 2010 4450:on 17 February 2010 4372:on 13 December 2010 3876:. Globalinsight.com 3668:4 June 2016 at the 3516:on 3 September 2009 3214:on 12 November 2010 2892:The Cincinnati Post 2619:7 July 2011 at the 2033:Makerere University 2023:Doctor of Education 2005:Kenyatta University 752:Thomas Joseph Mboya 711:Makerere University 190:Minister for Health 6237:Candidates in the 6136:Candidates in the 5828:President of Kenya 5733:President of Kenya 5699:Political offices 5501:"Honorary Degrees" 5225:on 25 January 2013 5111:"Official profile" 4666:. 25 February 2009 3186:UN Children's Fund 2867:on 9 November 2007 2669:Detroit Free Press 1860:Honours and awards 1735: 1643: 1623: 1613:Foreign Secretary 1590:Goldenberg scandal 1510: 1478: 1422:Thika Superhighway 1409: 1331:On 17 April 2008, 1033: 971: 928:Commander in Chief 919: 826:multi-party system 688:Mang'u High School 613:President of Kenya 108:President of Kenya 6410: 6409: 6278: 6277: 6197: 6196: 6096: 6095: 6082:†post renamed to 5893: 5892: 5749: 5748: 5740:Succeeded by 5721:Succeeded by 5527:"Profile: Kibaki" 5358:, 31 October 2016 4975:on 4 October 2009 4969:Chicago Sun-Times 4718:on 3 January 2011 4577:on 20 August 2009 4560:. 31 October 2006 4476:on 29 August 2008 4398:on 5 October 2011 4145:. 17 April 2008. 3955:on 23 August 2009 3417:. 27 January 2007 2996:on 26 August 2009 2247:"Baptized record" 2085: 2084: 1968:Doctor of Science 1941:Doctor of Science 1913:Doctor of Letters 1825:pin-striped suits 1680:2010 Constitution 1433:2010 Constitution 1397:Pierre Nkurunziza 1205:a distant third. 967:William J. Fallon 854:(founding Father 719:political science 684:Nyeri High School 601: 600: 370:King'ori Muhiukia 348:National Assembly 66: 65: 6535: 6322: 6305: 6298: 6291: 6282: 6281: 6236: 6235: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6201: 6200: 6135: 6134: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6100: 6099: 6084:Deputy President 6070: 6053:Rigathi Gachagua 6002:Musalia Mudavadi 5978:Josephat Karanja 5920: 5913: 5906: 5897: 5896: 5821: 5775: 5768: 5761: 5752: 5751: 5724:Josephat Karanja 5704:Preceded by 5696: 5695: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5610: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5585: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5531: 5523: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5489:. 29 April 2022. 5483: 5477: 5476: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5456:. 24 April 2022. 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5371:. 22 April 2022. 5365: 5359: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5323: 5317: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5256: 5250: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5221:. 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5929: 5924: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5848:Daniel arap Moi 5822: 5813: 5812: 5788: 5779: 5745: 5736: 5726: 5717: 5709: 5707:Daniel arap Moi 5677: 5672: 5662: 5660: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5564: 5562: 5559:capitalfm.co.ke 5553: 5552: 5548: 5538: 5536: 5529: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5510: 5508: 5507:on 8 March 2015 5499: 5498: 5494: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5465: 5461: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5433:Pulselive Kenya 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5408:. 22 April 2022 5400: 5399: 5395: 5380: 5376: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5333:. 10 March 2018 5331:Citizentv.co.ke 5325: 5324: 5320: 5314:Wayback Machine 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5242: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5207:Washington Post 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5162:Wayback Machine 5153: 5149: 5143:Wayback Machine 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5117:on 6 April 2010 5109: 5108: 5104: 5089: 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1373:Yoweri Museveni 1357: 1349:Kalonzo Musyoka 1294: 1282:ballot stuffing 1274:Johann Kriegler 1203:Kalonzo Musyoka 1182: 1176: 1144:Kalonzo Musyoka 1088: 1086:2007: Elections 1080:Waki Commission 1025: 1012: 987: 952: 924: 911: 847: 800:Vice Presidency 792:Daniel arap Moi 744: 739: 655: 628:Daniel arap Moi 606: 573: 564: 545: 537: 533: 530: 515: 511: 508: 504: 500: 496: 493:Political party 484: 480: 464: 458: 456: 455: 454: 420: 408: 402: 397: 375: 365: 359: 354: 335: 323: 315: 313:Daniel Arap Moi 303: 298: 278: 272:Daniel Arap Moi 266: 260:Daniel Arap Moi 250: 245: 227: 217: 211:Daniel Arap Moi 201: 196: 177: 171:Daniel Arap Moi 165: 159:Kalonzo Musyoka 157: 153: 151:Michael Wamalwa 143: 136: 133: 125: 119: 114: 97: 85: 80: 78: 75: 62: 56: 53: 46: 34:This article's 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6541: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 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Bush 1714: 1711: 1699:Uhuru Kenyatta 1694: 1691: 1681: 1678: 1627: 1624: 1514: 1511: 1467:Jakaya Kikwete 1389:Jakaya Kikwete 1356: 1353: 1293: 1290: 1240:European Union 1199:Samuel Kivuitu 1178:Main article: 1175: 1172: 1087: 1084: 1065:Vice President 1024: 1021: 1011: 1008: 986: 983: 951: 948: 923: 920: 910: 907: 903:Uhuru Kenyatta 899:Kijana Wamalwa 852:Uhuru Kenyatta 846: 845:2002 elections 843: 808:Kenneth Matiba 743: 740: 738: 735: 694:examinations. 663:Nyeri District 654: 651: 599: 598: 595: 594: 587: 583: 582: 559: 555: 554: 551: 547: 546: 535: 531: 526: 525: 523: 519: 518: 494: 490: 489: 483:(aged 90) 477: 473: 472: 452: 450: 446: 445: 441: 440: 437: 436: 431: 427: 426: 423: 417: 416: 411: 405: 404: 394: 393: 388: 384: 383: 378: 372: 371: 368: 362: 361: 351: 350: 344: 343: 338: 332: 331: 326: 320: 319: 310: 306: 305: 295: 294: 287: 286: 281: 275: 274: 269: 263: 262: 257: 253: 252: 242: 241: 234: 233: 230: 224: 223: 220: 214: 213: 208: 204: 203: 193: 192: 186: 185: 183:Uhuru Kenyatta 180: 174: 173: 168: 162: 161: 148: 145:Vice President 140: 139: 128: 126:Prime Minister 122: 121: 111: 110: 103: 102: 99: 98: 96:Kibaki in 2012 95: 87: 86: 79: 76: 73:His Excellency 71: 64: 63: 43:the key points 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6540: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6488:Kikuyu people 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6301: 6299: 6294: 6292: 6287: 6286: 6283: 6271: 6270:David Ng'ethe 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6225: 6220: 6218: 6213: 6211: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 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Answers.com 2438: 2432: 2424: 2418: 2402: 2395: 2380:on 8 May 2008 2379: 2375: 2369: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2337: 2329: 2322: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2268: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2136: 2132: 2125: 2110: 2106: 2105:"Mwai Kibaki" 2102: 2096: 2092: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2049: 2047: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1967: 1965: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842:Long Reveille 1839: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1779: 1778:Jeff Koinange 1775: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1759: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1713:Personal life 1710: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1690: 1687: 1676: 1674: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1646:Michela Wrong 1639: 1635: 1633: 1620: 1616: 1615:William Hague 1612: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1599:John Githongo 1596: 1595:Anglo Leasing 1591: 1585: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1576:George Kegoro 1572: 1569: 1567: 1566: 1558: 1553: 1550: 1549:communities. 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519:Jomo Kenyatta 1507: 1503: 1502:David Wootton 1499: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1423: 1417: 1413: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1305:African Union 1302: 1299: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1211: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1181: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1139: 1138:Nyayo Stadium 1134: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1038: 1029: 1020: 1018: 1007: 1005: 1001: 996: 991: 982: 980: 976: 968: 963: 959: 955: 947: 943: 939: 937: 933: 929: 915: 906: 904: 900: 895: 893: 887: 885: 881: 880:Kibaki Tosha! 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 856:Jomo Kenyatta 853: 850:when Moi had 842: 840: 834: 831: 827: 823: 817: 814: 809: 803: 801: 797: 796:Jomo Kenyatta 793: 788: 785: 784: 783:Time magazine 779: 775: 770: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 749: 734: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 699:Walter Coutts 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 672: 668: 664: 660: 650: 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 632:Jomo Kenyatta 629: 625: 620: 618: 614: 609: 605: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 567: 563: 560: 556: 552: 548: 529: 524: 520: 514: 507: 499: 495: 491: 487: 479:21 April 2022 478: 474: 471: 470:British Kenya 467: 451: 447: 442: 438: 435: 432: 428: 425:James Muriuki 424: 418: 415: 412: 406: 400: 395: 392: 389: 385: 382: 379: 373: 369: 363: 357: 352: 349: 345: 342: 341:Arthur Magugu 339: 333: 330: 329:James Gichuru 327: 321: 318: 317:Jomo Kenyatta 314: 311: 307: 301: 296: 293: 288: 285: 282: 276: 273: 270: 264: 261: 258: 254: 248: 243: 240: 235: 231: 225: 221: 215: 212: 209: 205: 199: 194: 191: 187: 184: 181: 175: 172: 169: 163: 160: 156: 152: 149: 146: 141: 132: 129: 123: 117: 112: 109: 104: 100: 93: 88: 83: 74: 69: 60: 50: 44: 42: 37: 32: 28: 23: 22: 19: 6336: 6265:James Orengo 6249: 6184:Kukubo Nixon 6153: 6149:Raila Odinga 6083: 6057:2022–present 6042:William Ruto 5967: 5882:2022–present 5878:William Ruto 5857: 5803:Elizabeth II 5731: 5712: 5661:. 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