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culturally sensitive therapy (Valentino, 2006). An extensive knowledge of a culture is really needed to provide this effective treatment as providing culturally sensitive music therapy goes beyond knowing the language of speech, the country, or even some background about the culture. Simply choosing music that is from the same country of origin or that has the same spoken language is not effective for providing music therapy as music genres vary as do the messages each piece of music sends. Also, different cultures view and use music in various ways and may not always be the same as how the therapist views and uses music. Melody
Schwantes and her colleagues wrote an article that describes the effective use of the Mexican "corrido" in a bereavement group of Mexican migrant farm workers (Schwantes, Wigram, Lipscomb & Richards, 2011). This support group was dealing with the loss of two of their coworkers after an accident they were in and so the corrido, a song form traditionally used for telling stories of the deceased. An important element that was also mentioned was that songwriting has shown to be a large cultural artifact in many cultures, and that there are many subtle messages and thoughts provided in songs that would otherwise be hard to identify. Lastly, the authors of this study stated that "Given the position and importance of songs in all cultures, the example in this therapeutic process demonstrates the powerful nature of lyrics and music to contain and express difficult and often unspoken feelings" (Schwantes
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American Navy, and U.S. Marines Corp. Individuals exposed to trauma benefit from their essential rehabilitative tools to follow the course of recovery from stress disorders. Music therapists are certified professionals who possess the abilities to determine appropriate interventions to support one recovering from a physically, emotionally, or mentally traumatic experience. In addition to their skills, they play an integral part throughout the treatment process of service members diagnosed with post-traumatic stress or brain injuries. In many cases, self-expression through songwriting or using instruments help restore emotions that can be lost following trauma. Music has a significant effect on troops traveling overseas or between bases because many soldiers view music to be an escape from war, a connection to their homeland and families, or as motivation. By working with a certified music therapist, marines undergo sessions re-instituting concepts of cognition, memory attention, and emotional processing. Although programs primarily focus on phases of military life, other service members such as the U.S. Air Force are eligible for treatment as well. For instance, during a music therapy session, a man begins to play a song to a wounded Airmen. The Airmen says " allows me to talk about something that happened without talking about it". Music allows the active duty airmen to open up about previous experiences while reducing his anxiety level.
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showed little improvement in participants (Rosner, Kruse & Hagl, 2010). Furthermore, a pilot study, which consisted of an experimental and control group, examined the effects of music therapy on mood and behaviors in the home and school communities. It was found that there was a significant change in grief symptoms and behaviors with the experimental group in the home, but conversely found that there was no significant change in the experimental group in the school community, despite the fact that mean scores on the
Depression Self-Rating Index and the Behavior Rating Index decreased (Hilliard, 2001). Yet another study completed by Russel Hilliard (2007), looked at the effects of Orff-based music therapy and social work groups on childhood grief symptoms and behaviors. Using a control group that consisted of wait-listed clients, and employing the Behavior Rating Index for Children and the bereavement Group Questionnaire for Parents and Guardians as measurement tools, it was found that children who were in the music therapy group showed significant improvement in grief symptoms and also showed some improvement in behaviors compared to the control group, whereas the social work group also showed significant improvement in both grief and behaviors compared to the control group. The study concludes with support for music therapy as a medium from bereavement groups for children (Hilliard, 2007).
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on the therapist, in general MIT relies on the use of intonation (the rising and falling of the voice) and rhythm (beat/speed) to train patients to produce phrases verbally. In MIT, common words and phrases are turned into melodic phrases, generally starting with two step sing-song patterns and eventually emulating typical speech intonation and rhythmic patterns. A therapist will usually begin by introducing an intonation to their patient through humming. They will accompany this humming with a rhythm produced by the tapping of the left hand. At the same time, the therapist will introduce a visual stimuli of the written phrase to be learned. The therapist then sings the phrase with the patient, and ideally the patient is eventually able to sing the phrase on their own. With much repetition and through a process of "inner-rehearsal" (practicing internally hearing one's voice singing), a patient may eventually be able to produce the phrase verbally without singing. As the patient advances in therapy, the procedure can be adapted to give them more autonomy and to teach them more complex phrases. Through the use of MIT, a non-fluent aphasic patient can be taught numerous phrases which aid them to communicate and function during daily life.
889:) influence this method, which is used with children with developmental problems, delays, and disabilities. Theodor Hellbrügge developed the area of social pediatrics in Germany after the Second World War. He understood that medicine alone could not meet the complex needs of developmentally disabled children. Hellbrügge consulted psychologists, occupational therapists and other mental healthcare professionals whose knowledge and skills could aid in the diagnostics and treatment of children. Gertrude Orff was asked to develop a form of therapy based on the Orff Schulwerk approach to support the emotional development of patients. Elements found in both the music therapy and education approaches include the understanding of holistic music presentation as involving word, sound and movement, the use of both music and play improvisation as providing a creative stimulus for the child to investigate and explore, Orff instrumentation, including keyboard instruments and percussion instruments as a means of participation and interaction in a therapeutic setting, and the multisensory aspects of music used by the therapist to meet the particular needs of the child, such as both feeling and hearing sound.
1228:). Applying music and thematic sounds to the healing process is believed to help the patient overcome true sickness in his/her mind which then will seemingly cure the disease. Another practice involving music is called "Igbeuku", a religious practice performed by faith healers. In the practice of Igbeuku, patients are persuaded to confess their sins which cause themselves serve discomfort. Following a confession, patients feel emotionally relieved because the priest has announced them clean and subjected them to a rigorous dancing exercise. The dancing exercise is a "thank you" for the healing and tribute to the spiritual greater beings. The dance is accompanied by music and can be included among the unorthodox medical practices of Nigerian culture. While most of the music therapy practices come in the medical field, musical therapy is often used in the passing of a loved one. The use of song and dance in a funeral setting is very common across the continent but especially in
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Offering musical therapy to premature infants while they are in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) aims to both mask unwanted auditory stimuli, stimulate infant development, and promote a calm environment for families. While there are no reported adverse effects from music therapy, the evidence supporting music therapy's beneficial effects for infants is weak as many of the clinical trials that have been performed either had mixed results or were poorly designed. There is no strong evidence to suggest that music therapy improves an infant's oxygen therapy, improves sucking, or improves development when compared to usual care. There is some weaker evidence that music therapy may decrease an infants' heart rate. There is no evidence to indicate that music therapy reduces anxiety in parents of preterm infants in the NICU or information to understand what type of music therapy may be more beneficial or how for how long.
6205:, Robert Burton, subsection 3, on and after line 3480, "Music a Remedy": "But to leave all declamatory speeches in praise of divine music, I will confine myself to my proper subject: besides that excellent power it hath to expel many other diseases, it is a sovereign remedy against despair and melancholy, and will drive away the devil himself. Canus, a Rhodian fiddler, in Philostratus, when Apollonius was inquisitive to know what he could do with his pipe, told him, 'That he would make a melancholy man merry, and him that was merry much merrier than before, a lover more enamoured, a religious man more devout.' Ismenias the Theban, Chiron the centaur, is said to have cured this and many other diseases by music alone: as now they do those, saith Bodine, that are troubled with St. Vitus's Bedlam dance."
856:, as well as instrumental and song books for children, were released during this time. Nordoff and Robbins's success became known globally in the mental health community, and they were invited to share their findings and offer training on an international tour that lasted several years. Funds were granted to support the founding of the Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy Centre in Great Britain in 1974, where a one-year graduate program for students was implemented. In the early eighties, a center was opened in Australia, and various programs and institutes for music therapy were founded in Germany and other countries. In the United States, the Nordoff-Robbins Center for Music Therapy was established at New York University in 1989
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have found that music therapy has at least some promising effects, especially when used for the treatment of grief and bereavement. The AMTA has largely supported the advancement of music therapy through research that would promote evidenced-based practice. With the definition of evidence-based health care as "the conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients or the delivery of health services, current best evidence is up-to-date information from relevant, valid research about the effects of different forms of health care, the potential for harm from exposure to particular agents, the accuracy of diagnostic tests, and the predictive power of prognostic factors".
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patient to a higher state of consciousness where healing and constructive self-awareness can take place. Music is considered a "co-therapist" because of its importance. GIM with children can be used in one-on-one or group settings, and involves relaxation techniques, identification and sharing of personal feeling states, and improvisation to discover the self, and foster growth. The choice of music is carefully selected for the client based on their musical preferences and the goals of the session. The piece is usually classical, and it must reflect the age and attention abilities of the child in length and genre. A full explanation of the exercises must be offered at their level of understanding.
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passionate interest in music. For him, this was an example of normally suppressed brain functions being released by damage to others". Sacks had a genuine interest in trying to help people affected with neurological disorders and other phenomena associated with music, and how it can provide access to otherwise unreachable emotional states, revivify neurological avenues that have been frozen, evoke memories of earlier, lost events or states of being and attempts to bring those with neurological disorders back to a time when the world was much richer for them. He was a firm believer that music has the power to heal.
896:, the developmental potential of the child, as in the acknowledgement of their strengths as well as their handicaps, and the importance of the therapist-child relationship, are central factors in Orff music therapy. The strong emphasis on social integration and the involvement of parents in the therapeutic process found in social pediatrics also influence theoretical foundations. Knowledge of developmental psychology puts into perspective how developmental disabilities influence the child, as do their social and familial environments. The basis for interaction in this method is known as
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hospital provided "music and movement sessions and musical performances" as well as "group and individual music therapy for patients with serious mental illness or emotional problems." Two main categories of music therapy were used in this study; analytic music therapy and
Nordoff-Robbins music therapy. Analytic music therapy involves both words and music, while Nordoff-Robbins music therapy places great emphasis on assessing how clients react to music therapy and how the use of this type of therapy can be constantly altered and shifted to allow it to benefit the client the most.
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these disappointing life events may be. For example, many people of adolescent age experience life-altering events such as parental divorce, trauma from emotional or physical abuse, struggles within school, and loss. If this grief is not acted upon early on through the use of some kind of therapy, it can alter the entire course of an adolescent's life. In one particular study on the impact of music therapy on grief management within adolescents used songwriting to allow these adolescents to express what they were feeling through lyrics and instrumentals. In the article
836:, a special educator, partnered with Nordoff for over 17 years in the exploration and research of music's effects on disabled children—first in the UK, and then in the United States in the 1950s and 60s. Their pilot projects included placements at care units for autistic children and child psychiatry departments, where they put programs in place for children with mental disorders, emotional disturbances, developmental delays, and other handicaps. Their success at establishing a means of communication and relationship with children with cognitive impairments at the
645:(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) lists bereavement as a mental health diagnosis when the focus of clinical attention is related to the loss of a loved one and when symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder are present for up to two months. Music therapy models have been found to be successful in treating grief and bereavement (Rosner, Kruse & Hagl, 2010).In many countries, including the United States, music therapists do not diagnose, therefore diagnosing a bereavement-related disorder would not be within their scope of practice.
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1843:. Despite research data, observations by doctors and nurses, praise from patients, and willing musicians, it was difficult to vastly increase music therapy services or establish lasting music therapy education programs or organizations in the early 20th century. However, many of the music therapy leaders of this time period provided music therapy during WWI or to its veterans. These were pioneers in the field such as Eva Vescelius, musician, author, 1903 founder of the short-lived National Therapeutic Society of New York and the 1913
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of music-centered tools, techniques, and activities when working with military-associated clients, many of which are similar to the techniques used in other music therapy settings. These methods include, but are not limited to: group drumming, listening, singing, and songwriting. Songwriting is a particularly effective tool with military veterans struggling with PTSD and TBI as it creates a safe space to, "... work through traumatic experiences, and transform traumatic memories into healthier associations".
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with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like disorders. In addition, moderate-to-low-quality evidence suggests that music therapy as an addition to standard care improves the global state, mental state (including negative and general symptoms). Further research using standardized music therapy programs and consistent monitoring protocols are necessary to understand the effectiveness of this approach for adults with schizophrenia. Music therapy may be a useful tool for helping treat people with
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Association for Music
Therapy was created, though at that time called the Urban Federation of Music Therapists. The Certification Board for Music Therapists was created in 1983 which strengthened the practice of music therapy and the trust that it was given. In 1998, the American Music Therapy Association was formed out of a merger between National and American Associations and as of 2017 is the single largest music therapy organization in the world (American music therapy, 1998–2011).
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taking out specific words in the chorus of a song and by repeating phrases back to the music therapist when the therapist sang a phrase of a song to them. Drumming led to increased socialization of the group, as it allowed the patients collaborate to create particular rhythms. Improvisation allowed the patients to get out of their comfort zone and taught them how to better deal with anxiety. Lastly, movement with either one arm or two increased social interaction between the patients.
158:, "is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program." It is also a vocation, involving a deep commitment to music and the desire to use it as a medium to help others. Although music therapy has only been established as a profession relatively recently, the connection between music and therapy is not new.
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psychiatric wards. Positive changes in patients' mental and physical health were noted by nurses. The volunteer musicians, many of whom had degrees in music education, becoming aware of the powerful effects music could have on patients realized that specialized training was necessary. The first music therapy bachelor's degree program was established in 1944 with three others and one master's degree program quickly following: "
900:, in which the therapist meets the child at their level and responds according to their initiatives, combining both humanistic and developmental psychology philosophies. Involving the parents in this type of interaction by having them participate directly or observe the therapist's techniques equips the parents with ideas of how to interact appropriately with their child, thus fostering a positive parent-child relationship.
1397:. Despite research data, observations by doctors and nurses, praise from patients, and willing musicians, it was difficult to vastly increase music therapy services or establish lasting music therapy education programs or organizations in the early 20th century. However, many of the music therapy leaders of this time period provided music therapy during WWI or to its veterans. These were pioneers in the field such as
867:. The Nordoff-Robbins approach, based on the belief that everyone is capable of finding meaning in and benefiting from musical experience, is now practiced by hundreds of therapists internationally. This approach focuses on treatment through the creation of music by both therapist and client together. The therapist uses various techniques so that even the most low functioning individuals can actively participate.
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these right language areas through the activation of music processing areas also in the right hemisphere
Similarly, the rhythmic tapping of the left hand stimulates the right sensorimotor cortex to further engage the right hemisphere in language production. Overall, by stimulating the right hemisphere during language tasks, therapists hope to decrease dependence on the left hemisphere for language production.
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college or university (or have a bachelor's degree and complete all of the music therapy course requirements from an accredited program), which includes successfully completing a music therapy internship. To maintain the credential, 100 units of continuing education must be completed every five years. The board exam is created by and administered through The
Certification Board for Music Therapists.
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Emperor's Canon of internal medicine believed that the five tones (Palace, Shang, horn, emblem and feather) belonged to the five elements (gold, wood, water, fire and earth), and were associated with five basic emotions (joy, anger, worry, thought and fear), that is, the five chronicles. Different music such as palace, Shang, horn, micro and feather were used to target different diseases.
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reserve palliative care for patients who have an incurable illness. Music is also viewed differently between Africa and
Western countries. In Western countries and a majority of other countries throughout the world, music is traditionally seen as entertainment whereas in many African cultures, music is used in recounting stories, celebrating life events, or sending messages.
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and lyric analysis. While there has been no conclusive research done on the comparison of interventions (Jones, 2005; Silverman, 2008; Silverman & Marcionetti, 2004), the use of particular interventions is individualized to each client based upon thorough assessment of needs, and the effectiveness of treatment may not rely on the type of intervention (Silverman, 2009).
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Creative Arts
Therapy license (LCAT) incorporates the music therapy credential within their licensure, a mental health license that requires a master's degree and post-graduate supervision. The states of California and Connecticut have title protection for music therapists, meaning only those with the MT-BC credential can use the title "Board Certified Music Therapist".
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it. During music sessions, patients participate in song discussion, music relaxation, and are given the ability to listen to their preferred music genre. It can improve mood, decrease stress, decrease pain, enhance relaxation, and decrease anxiety; this can help with coping skills. There is also evidence of biochemical changes (e.g., lowered cortisol levels).
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away, and substance abuse. Goals in treating adolescents with music therapy, especially for those at high risk, often include increased recognition and awareness of emotions and moods, improved decision-making skills, opportunities for creative self expression, decreased anxiety, increased self-confidence, improved self-esteem, and better listening skills.
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resistance. Music therapy conducted in groups allows adolescent individuals to feel a sense of belonging, express their opinions, learn how to socialize and verbalize appropriately with peers, improve compromising skills, and develop tolerance and empathy. Group sessions that emphasize cooperation and cohesion can be effective in working with adolescents.
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improvements in social behaviors, overt behaviors like wandering and restlessness, reductions in agitated behaviors, and improvements to cognitive defects, measured with reality orientation and face recognition tests. The effectiveness of the treatment seems to be strongly dependent on the patient and the quality and length of treatment.
1236:). The music helps alleviate the sorrows felt by the family members and friends of the lost loved one. Along with music therapy being a practice for funeral events, it is also implemented to those dying as a last resort tactic of healing. The Esan of Edo State of Nigeria, in particular, herbalists perform practices with an Oko – a small
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American Red Cross
Director of Hospital Music in World War I reconstruction hospitals, 1919 Columbia University musicotherapy teacher, 1926 founder of the National Association for Music in Hospitals, and author; and Harriet Ayer Seymour, music therapist to World War I veterans, author, researcher, lecturer/teacher, founder of the
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the terms model, orientation, or approach might be encountered and may have slightly different meanings. Regardless, music therapists use both psychology models and models specific to music therapy. The theories these models are based on include beliefs about human needs, causes of distress, and how humans grow or heal.
1820:, arguing that the stimulation of the nerves caused by music could directly improve or harm health. Throughout the 19th century, an impressive number of books and articles were authored by physicians in Europe and the United States discussing use of music as a therapeutic agent to treat both mental and physical illness.
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confides in the prognosis of recovery, the condition of the client, and the environmental resources available. Both techniques use systematic processes where the therapists assist the client by using musical experiences and connections that collaborate as a dynamic force of change toward rehabilitation.
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or music. A Nigerian colleague felt "that music in Africa is healing, and what is music therapy other than some colonial import?" Pavlicevic noted that "in Africa there is a long tradition of music healing" and asked "Can there be a synthesis of these two music-based practices towards something new?...
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Music therapists work with active duty military personnel, veterans, service members in transition, and their families. Music therapists strive to engage clients in music experiences that foster trust and complete participation over the course of their treatment process. Music therapists use an array
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From a western viewpoint, music therapy in the 20th and 21st centuries (as of 2021), as an evidence-based, allied healthcare profession, grew out of the aftermath of World Wars I and II, when, particularly in the United
Kingdom and United States, musicians would travel to hospitals and play music for
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Mercédès Pavlicevic (1955–2018), an international music therapist, along with Kobie Temmingh, pioneered the music therapy program at the University of Pretoria, which debuted with a master's degree program in 1999. She noted the differences in longstanding traditions and other ways of viewing healing
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In 1999, the first program for music therapy in Africa opened in Pretoria, South Africa. Research has shown that in Tanzania patients can receive palliative care for life-threatening illnesses directly after the diagnosis of these illnesses. This is different from many Western countries, because they
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In active music therapy, patients engage in some form of music-making (e.g., vocalizing, rapping, chanting, singing, playing instruments, improvising, song writing, composing, or conducting). Researchers at Baylor, Scott, and White Universities are studying the effect of harmonica playing on patients
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Receptive music therapy involves listening to recorded or live genres of music such as classical, rock, jazz, and/or country music. In Receptive music therapy, patients are the recipient of the music experience, meaning that they are actively listening and responding to the music rather than creating
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page, such as: facilitating verbal and nonverbal communication, self-exploration, creating intimacy, teamwork, developing creativity, and improving cognitive skills. Building on these goals, Botello and Krout designed a cognitive behavioral application to assess and improve communication in couples.
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Music therapy practice is working together with clients, through music, to promote healthy change (Bruscia, 1998). The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) has defined the practice of music therapy as "a behavioral science concerned with changing unhealthy behaviors and replacing them with more
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Since 2017, providing evidence-based practice is becoming more and more important and music therapy has been continuously critiqued and regulated to provide that desired evidence-based practice. A number of research studies and meta-analyses have been conducted on, or included, music therapy and all
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There is some discussion on the process of change facilitated by musical activities on mental wellness. Scholars proposed a six-dimensional framework, which contains emotional, psychological, social, cognitive, behavioral and spiritual aspects. Through conducting interview sessions with mental health
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are those born at 37 weeks after conception or earlier. They are subject to numerous health risks, such as abnormal breathing patterns, decreased body fat and muscle tissue, as well as feeding issues. The coordination for sucking and breathing is often not fully developed, making feeding a challenge.
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Music therapy intervention programs typically include about 18 sessions of treatment. The achievement of a physical rehabilitation goal relies on the child's existing motivation and feelings towards music and their commitment to engage in meaningful, rewarding efforts. Regaining full functioning also
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A person diagnosed with PTSD can associate a memory or experience with a song they have heard. This can result in either good or bad experiences. If it is a bad experience, the song's rhythm or lyrics can bring out the person's anxiety or fear response. If it is a good experience, the song can bring
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either in music therapy or in fields related to music therapy. A music therapist typically incorporates music therapy techniques with broader clinical practices such as psychotherapy, rehabilitation, and other practices depending on client needs. Music therapy services rendered within the context of
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The states of Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, North Dakota, Nevada, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Virginia have established licenses for music therapists, while in Wisconsin, music therapists must be registered, and in Utah hold state certification. In the State of New York, the
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More than 2000 years ago, the book Yue Ji also talked about the important role of music in regulating life harmony and improving health; "Zuo Zhuan" recorded the famous doctors of the state of Qin and the discussion that music can prevent and treat diseases: "there are six or seven days, the hair is
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One of the first groups known to heal with sound were the aboriginal people of Australia. The modern name of their healing tool is the didgeridoo, but it was originally called the yidaki. The yidaki produced sounds that are similar to the sound healing techniques used in modern day. The sound of the
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Though music therapy practice employs a large number of intervention techniques, some of the most commonly used interventions include improvisation, therapeutic singing, therapeutic instrumental music playing, music-facilitated reminiscence and life review, songwriting, music-facilitated relaxation,
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the results of the study demonstrate that in all of the treatment groups combined, the mean GPS (grief process scale) score decreased by 43%. The use of music therapy songwriting allowed these adolescents to become less overwhelmed with grief and better able to process it as demonstrated by the
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Music therapy has been used to help bring improvements to mental health among people of all age groups. It has been used as far back as the 1830s. One example of a mental hospital that used music therapy to aid in the healing process of their patients includes the Hanwell Lunatic Asylum. This mental
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There is weak evidence to suggest that people with schizophrenia may benefit from the addition of music therapy along with their other standard treatment regieme. Potential improvements include decreased aggression, less hallucinations and delusions, social functioning, and quality of life of people
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While unable to speak fluently, patients with non-fluent aphasia are often able to sing words, phrases, and even sentences they cannot express otherwise. MIT harnesses the singing ability of patients with non-fluent aphasia as a means to improve their communication. Although its exact nature depends
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studied neurological oddities in people, trying to understand how the brain works. He concluded that people with some type of frontal lobe damage often "produced not only severe difficulties with expressive language (aphasia) but a strange access of musicality with incessant whistling, singing and a
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Music therapy may benefit the family as a whole. Some family members of children with autism claim that music therapy sessions have allowed their child to interact more with the family and the world. Music therapy is also beneficial in that it gives children an outlet to use outside of the sessions.
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to treat hyperactivity, depression, anxiety, addiction, and post traumatic stress disorder. She has met with great success in working with many international organizations, and in the training of therapists, educators, and doctors. The Lebanese Association Of Music Therapy L.A.M.T ref number 65 is
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is a comprehensive approach to assessment, treatment, and evaluation that includes theoretical principles, clinical indications and contraindications, goals, methodological guidelines and specifications, and the characteristic use of certain procedural sequences and techniques." In the literature,
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Two fundamental types of music therapy are receptive music therapy and active music therapy (also known as expressive music therapy). Active music therapy engages clients or patients in the act of making music, whereas receptive music therapy guides patients or clients in listening or responding to
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allows for clients to make up, or alter, music as they see fit. While improvisation is an intervention in a methodical practice, it does allow for some freedom of expression, which is what it is often used for. Improvisation has several other clinical goals as well, which can also be found on the
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The mechanisms of this success are yet to be fully understood. It is commonly agreed that while speech is lateralized mostly to the left hemisphere (for right-handed and most left-handed individuals), some speech functionality is also distributed in the right hemisphere. MIT is thought to stimulate
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A group of adults with dementia participated in group music therapy. In the group, these adults engaged in singing, drumming, improvisation, and movement. Each of these activities engaged the adults in different ways. The singing aided with memory, as these adults improved memorization skills in by
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The current national credential is MT-BC (Music Therapist-Board Certified). It is not required in all states. To be eligible to apply to take the Board Certification Examination in Music Therapy, an individual must successfully complete a music therapy degree from a program accredited by AMTA at a
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It is said that in ancient times, really good traditional Chinese medicine did not use acupuncture or traditional Chinese medicine, but music: at the end of a song, people were safe when they were discharged. As early as before the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the Yellow
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Empathy in general is an important aspect of any mental health practitioner and the same is true for music therapists, as is multicultural awareness. It is the added complexity to cultural empathy that comes from adding music that provides both the greater risk and potential to provide exceptional
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Grief treatment is very valuable within the adolescent age group. Just as adults and the elderly struggle with grief from loss, relationship issues, job-related stress, and financial issues, so do adolescents also experience grief from disappointments that occur early on in life, however different
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Music therapy may be suggested for adolescent populations to help manage disorders usually diagnosed in adolescence, such as mood/anxiety disorders and eating disorders, or inappropriate behaviors, including suicide attempts, withdrawal from family, social isolation from peers, aggression, running
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Ancient flutes, carved from ivory and bone, were found by archaeologists, that were determined to be from as far back as 43,000 years ago. He also states that "The earliest fragment of musical notation is found on a 4,000-year-old Sumerian clay tablet, which includes instructions and tuning for a
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Music therapy programs primarily target active duty military members and their treatment facility to provide reconditioning among members convalescing in Army hospitals. Although, music therapy programs not only benefit the military but rather a wide range of clients including the U.S. Air Force,
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A music therapy degree candidate can earn an undergraduate, master's or doctoral degree in music therapy. Many AMTA approved programs in the United States offer equivalency and certificate degrees in music therapy for students that have completed a degree in a related field. Some practicing music
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The roots of musical therapy in India can be traced back to ancient Hindu mythology, Vedic texts, and local folk traditions. It is very possible that music therapy has been used for hundreds of years in Indian culture. In the 1990s, another dimension to this, known as Musopathy, was postulated by
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In 1989, the Chinese society of therapeutics was officially established; In 1994, pukaiyuan published his monograph music therapy; In 1995, he Huajun and Lu Tingzhu published a monograph music therapy; In 2000, Zhang Hongyi edited and published fundamentals of music therapy; In 2002, fan Xinsheng
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Chinese contemporary music therapy began in the 1980s. In 1984, Professor Zhang Boyuan of the Department of psychology of Peking University published the experimental report on the research of physical and mental defense of music, which was the first published scientific research article on music
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The practitioner often suggests a relaxing and focusing image, and through the use of imagination and discussion, they aim to find constructive solutions to manage their problems. Bonny applied this psychotherapeutic method to the field of music therapy by using music as the means of guiding the
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Singing or playing an instrument is often used to help clients express their thoughts and feelings in a more structured manner than improvisation and can also allow participation with only limited knowledge of music. Singing in a group can facilitate a sense of community and can also be used as
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While results are somewhat contradictory, studies have in fact found increased right hemispheric activation in non-fluent aphasic patients after MIT. This change in activation has been interpreted as evidence of decreased dependence on the left hemisphere. There is debate, however, as to whether
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Like many of the other disorders mentioned, some of the most common significant effects of the disorder can be seen in social behaviors, leading to improvements in interaction, conversation, and other such skills. A study of over 330 subjects showed that music therapy produces highly significant
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Among adolescents, group meetings and individual sessions are the main methods for music therapy. Both methods may include listening to music, discussing concerning moods and emotions in or toward music, analyzing the meanings of specific songs, writing lyrics, composing or performing music, and
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From a western viewpoint, music therapy in the 20th and 21st centuries (as of 2021), as an evidence-based, allied healthcare profession, grew out of the aftermath of World Wars I and II. Particularly in the United Kingdom and United States, musicians would travel to hospitals and play music for
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Music therapy in the military is seen in programs on military bases, VA healthcare facilities, military treatment facilities, and military communities. Music therapy programs have a large outreach because they exist for all phases of military life: pre-mobilization, deployment, post-deployment,
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and the Office of the Surgeon General worked together to lead one of the earliest assessments of a music therapy program. The goal of the study was to understand whether "music presented according to a specific plan" influenced recovery among service members with mental and emotional disorders.
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Research that compares types of music therapy intervention has been inconclusive. Music Therapists use lyric analysis in a variety of ways, but typically lyric analysis is used to facilitate dialogue with clients based on the lyrics, which can then lead to discussion that addresses the goals of
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Though there has been research done on music therapy, and though the use of it has been evaluated, there remain a number of limitations in these studies and further research should be completed before absolute conclusions are made, though the results of using music therapy in the treatment have
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Both qualitative and quantitative studies have been completed and both have provided evidence to support music therapy in the use of bereavement treatment. One study that evaluated a number of treatment approaches found that only music therapy had significant positive outcomes where the others
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Music may help people with autism hone their motor and attention skills as well as healthy neurodevelopment of socio-communication and interaction skills. Music therapy may also contribute to improved selective attention, speech production, and language processing and acquisition in people with
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There is some evidence that, when combined with other types of rehabilitation, music therapy may contribute to the success rate of sensorimotor, cognitive, and communicative rehabilitation. For children and adolescents with major depressive or anxiety disorders, there is moderate to low quality
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Music therapy is a broad field. Music therapists use music-based experiences to address client needs in one or more domains of human functioning: cognitive, academic, emotional/psychological; behavioral; communication; social; physiological (sensory, motor, pain, neurological and other physical
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journal, and creator/teacher of a musicotherapy course; Margaret Anderton, pianist, World War I music therapy provider for Canadian soldiers, a strong believer in training for music therapists, and 1919 Columbia University musicotherapy teacher; Isa Maud Ilsen, a nurse and musician who was the
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In short, Chinese music therapy has made rapid progress in theoretical research, literature review and clinical research. In addition, the music therapy methods under the guidance of ancient Chinese music therapy theory and traditional Chinese medicine theory with a long history have attracted
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The 21st century is a culturally pluralistic world. In some countries, such as the United States, an individual may have multiple cultural identities that are quite different from the music therapist's. These include race; ethnicity, culture, and/or heritage; religion; sex; ability/disability;
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Another meta-study examined the proposed neurological mechanisms behind music therapy's effects on these patients. Many authors suspect that music has a soothing effect on the patient by affecting how noise is perceived: music renders noise familiar, or buffers the patient from overwhelming or
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In the 1940s, changes in philosophy regarding care of psychiatric patients as well as the influx of WWII veterans in Veterans Administration hospitals renewed interest in music programs for patients. Many musicians volunteered to provide entertainment and were primarily assigned to perform on
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A degree in music therapy requires proficiency in guitar, piano, voice, music theory, music history, reading music, improvisation, as well as varying levels of skill in assessment, documentation, and other counseling and health care skills depending on the focus of the particular university's
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thrived in the early to mid 1900s and while a number of organizations were created, none survived for long. It was not until 1950 that the National Association for Music Therapy was founded in New York that clinical training and certification requirements were created. In 1971, the American
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Private individual sessions can provide personal attention and are most effective when using music preferred by the patient. Using music that adolescents can relate to or connect with can help adolescent patients view the therapist as safe and trustworthy, and to engage in therapy with less
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colorless, the emblem is five colors, and sex produces six diseases." It is emphasized that silence should be controlled and appropriate in order to have a beneficial regulating effect on the human body; The book "the soul and the body flow, the spirit also flows"; Zhang Jingyue and
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didgeridoo produces a low, bass frequency. For at least 40,000 years, the healing tool was believed to assist in healing "broken bones, muscle tears and illnesses of every kind". However, here are no reliable sources stating the didgeridoo's exact age. Archaeological studies of
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A conference in August 1974, organized by Norma Sharpe and six other music therapists, led to the founding of the Canadian Music Therapy Association, which was later renamed the Canadian Association for Music Therapy (CAMT). As of 2009, the organization had over 500 members.
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Broca's aphasia, or non-fluent aphasia, is a language disorder caused by damage to Broca's area and surrounding regions in the left frontal lobe. Those with non-fluent aphasia are able to understand language fairly well, but they struggle with language production and syntax.
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to make King Saul feel relieved and better. It has since been used all over the world for treatment of various issues, though the first recorded use of official "music therapy" was in 1789 – an article titled "Music Physically Considered" by an unknown author was found in
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Pellizzari, Patricia y colaboradores: Flavia Kinisberg, Germán Tuñon, Candela Brusco, Diego Patles, Vanesa Menendez, Julieta Villegas, y Emmanuel Barrenechea (2011). "Crear Salud", aportes de la Musicoterapia preventiva-comunitaria. Patricia Pellizzari Ediciones. Buenos
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The first university sponsored music therapy course was taught by Margaret Anderton in 1919 at Columbia University. Anderton's clinical specialty was working with wounded Canadian soldiers during World War II, using music-based services to aid in their recovery process.
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In the use of music therapy for adults, there is "music medicine" which is called for listening to prerecorded music as treated like a medicine. Music Therapy also uses "Receptive music therapy" using "music-assisted relaxation" and using images connecting to the music.
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changes in right hemispheric activation are part of the therapeutic process during/after MIT, or are simply a side effect of non-fluent aphasia. In hopes of making MIT more effective, researchers are continually studying the mechanisms of MIT and non-fluent aphasia.
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Publication on music therapy education and training has been detailed in both single author (Goodman, 2011) and edited (Goodman, 2015, 2023) volumes. The register of the European Music Therapy Confederation lists all educational training programs throughout Europe.
277:(defect in expression causing distorted speech), or language comprehension. Singing training has been found to improve lung, speech clarity, and coordination of speech muscles, thus, accelerating rehabilitation of such neurological impairments. For example,
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played music for mental patients. In the thirteenth century, Arab hospitals contained music-rooms for the benefit of the patients. In the United States, Native American medicine men often employed chants and dances as a method of healing patients. The
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systems), spiritual, aesthetics. Music experiences are strategically designed to use the elements of music for therapeutic effects, including melody, harmony, key, mode, meter, rhythm, pitch/range, duration, timbre, form, texture, and instrumentation.
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hymn honoring the ruler Lipit-Ishtar. But for the title of oldest extant song, most historians point to "Hurrian Hymn No. 6," an ode to the goddess Nikkal that was composed in cuneiform by the ancient Hurrian's sometime around the 14th century B.C.".
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Silverman, M. J. (2008). Quantitative comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy and music therapy research: A methodological best-practices analysis to guide future investigation for adult psychiatric patients. Journal of Music Therapy, 45(4),
1415:, a nurse and musician who was the American Red Cross Director of Hospital Music in WWI reconstruction hospitals, 1919 Columbia University musicotherapy teacher, 1926 founder of the National Association for Music in Hospitals, and author; and
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For adults with depressive symptoms, there is some weak evidence to suggest that music therapy may help reduce symptoms and recreative music therapy and guided imagery and music being superior to other methods in reducing depressive symptoms.
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to determine if it helps improve lung function. Another example of active music therapy takes place in a nursing home in Japan: therapists teach the elderly how to play easy-to-use instruments so they can overcome physical difficulties.
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Krout, R. E. (2005). Applications of music therapist-composed songs in creating participant connections and facilitating goals and rituals during one-time bereavement support groups and programs. Music Therapy Perspectives, 23(2),
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advocated the sound of cymbals and running water for the treatment of mental disorders. Music as therapy was practiced in the Bible when David played the harp to rid King Saul of a bad spirit (1 Sam 16:23). As early as 400 B.C.,
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Live music was used in hospitals after both World Wars as part of the treatment program for recovering soldiers. Clinical music therapy in Britain as it is understood today was pioneered in the 1960s and 1970s by French cellist
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soldiers suffering from with war-related emotional and physical trauma. Using music to treat the mental and physical ailments of active duty military and veterans was not new. Its use was recorded during the U.S. Civil War and
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graduate and Professor of Music, was a pianist and composer who, upon seeing disabled children respond so positively to music, gave up his academic career to further investigate the possibility of music as a means for therapy.
1029:, in Toronto. Her group 'The Wheelchair Players' continued until 1964, and is considered to be the first music therapy group project in Canada. Its production "The Emperor's Nightingale" was the subject of a documentary film.
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1949 in Australia, music therapy (not clinical music therapy as understood today) was started through concerts organized by the Australian Red Cross along with a Red Cross Music Therapy Committee. The key Australian body, the
844:'s first grant given of this nature, and the 5-year study "Music therapy project for psychotic children under seven at the day care unit" involved research, publication, training and treatment. Several publications, including
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The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) was founded in 1998 as a merger between the National Association for Music Therapy (NAMT, founded in 1950) and the American Association for Music Therapy (AAMT, founded in 1971).
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issued Technical Bulletin 187 in 1945, which described the use of music in the recovery of military service members in Army hospitals. The use of music therapy in military settings started to flourish and develop following
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for physical rehabilitation in stroke survivors. Music therapy is used in medical hospitals, cancer centers, schools, alcohol and drug recovery programs, psychiatric hospitals, nursing homes, and correctional facilities.
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The Indian Association of Music Therapy was established in 2010 by Dr. Dinesh C. Sharma with a motto "to use pleasant sounds in a specific manner like drug in due course of time as green medicine". He also published the
1203:, and music therapy research from this country uses a wide variety of methods to examine diverse methods across an array of social contexts, including community centers, medical clinics, retirement homes, and prisons.
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Music educator and therapist Helen Lindquist Bonny (1921–2010) developed an approach influenced by humanistic and transpersonal psychological views, known as the Bonny Method of guided imagery in music (BGIM or GIM).
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Practitioners are registered with the Health Professions Council and, starting from 2007, new registrants must normally hold a master's degree in music therapy. There are master's level programs in music therapy in
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extraneous noise in their environment. Others suggest that music serves as a sort of mediator for social interactions, providing a vessel through which to interact with others without requiring much cognitive load.
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is unknown, however the country is identified to have a lengthy lineage and history of musical therapy being utilized throughout the culture. The most common people associated with music therapy are herbalists,
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have been using the didgeridoo for less than 1,000 years, based on the dating of paintings on cave walls and shelters from this period. A clear rock painting in Ginga Wardelirrhmeng, on the northern edge of the
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Silverman, M. J. (2009). The use of lyric analysis interventions in contemporary psychiatric music therapy: Descriptive results of songs and objectives for clinical practice. Music Therapy Perspectives, 27(1),
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soldiers with war-related emotional and physical trauma. Using music to treat the mental and physical ailments of active duty military and veterans was not new. Its use was recorded during the US Civil War and
1643:(EFMP) also exists to provide music therapy services to active duty military families who have a family member with a developmental, physical, emotional, or intellectual disorder. Currently, programs at the
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Belin, P.; Zilbovicius, M.; Remy, Ph.; Francois, C.; Guillaume, S.; Chain, F.; Rancurel, G.; Samson, Y. (December 1, 1996). "Recovery from nonfluent aphasia after melodic intonation therapy: A PET study".
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Jones, J. D. (2005). A comparison of songwriting and lyric analysis techniques to evoke emotional change in a single session with people who are chemically dependent, journal of Music Therapy, 42, 94–110.
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Schwantes, M., Wigram, T., McKinney, C., Lipscomb, A., & Richards, C. (2011). The Mexican corrido and its use in a music therapy bereavement group. The Australian Journal of Music Therapy, 22, 2–20.
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The rise of an understanding of the body and mind in terms of the nervous system led to the emergence of a new wave of music for healing in the eighteenth century. Earlier works on the subject, such as
1508:, and there are therapists throughout the UK. The professional body in the UK is the British Association for Music Therapy In 2002, the World Congress of Music Therapy, coordinated and promoted by the
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Assessment includes obtaining a full medical history, musical (ability to duplicate a melody or identify changes in rhythm, etc.) and non-musical functioning (social, physical/motor, emotional, etc.).
1790:, still tended to discuss the medical effects of music in terms of bringing the soul and body into harmony. But from the mid-eighteenth century works on the subject such as Richard Brocklesby's 1749
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The Germany Music Therapy Society defines music therapy as the "targeted use of music as part of a therapeutic relationship to restore, maintain and promote mental, physical and cognitive health ."
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The Music Therapy Trust of India is another venture in the country. It was started by Margaret Lobo. She is the founder and director of the Otakar Kraus Music Trust and her work began in 2004.
935:"uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients" rather than basing therapy on the therapist's worldview or the dominant culture's norms.
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Li, Hui-Chi; Wang, Hsiu-Hung; Chou, Fan-Hao; Chen, Kuei-Min (January 2015). "The Effect of Music Therapy on Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".
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program. 1200 hours of clinical experience are required, some of which are gained during an approximately six-month internship that takes place after all other degree requirements are met.
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Botello, R. K., & Krout, R. E. (2008). "Music therapy assessment of automatic thoughts: Developing a cognitive behavioral application of improvisation to assess couple communication".
1263:. But I am utterly convinced that music therapy can learn an enormous amount from the African worldview and from music-making in Africa – rather than from African music-healing as such."
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Bates, Elizabeth; Wilson, Stephen M.; Saygin, Ayse Pinar; Dick, Frederic; Sereno, Martin I.; Knight, Robert T.; Dronkers, Nina F. (April 21, 2003). "Voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping".
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Music therapy is distinctive from Musopathy, which relies on a more generic and non-cultural approach based on neural, physical, and other responses to the fundamental aspects of sound.
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Silverman, M. J., & Marcionetti, M. J. (2004). Immediate effects of a single music therapy intervention on persons who are severely mentally ill. Arts in Psychotherapy, 31, 291–301.
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After successful completion of educational requirements, including internship, music therapists can apply to take, take, and pass the Board Certification Examination in Music Therapy.
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has 18 staff, including 2 professors and 4 associate professors, as well as lecturers and PhD students. Two of the field's major international research journals are based in Bergen:
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Lindenfelser, K. J., Grocke, D., & McFerran, K. (2008). Bereaved parents' experiences of music therapy with their terminally ill child. Journal of Music Therapy, 45(3), 330–48.
195:. Studies on patients diagnosed with mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia have associated some improvements in mental health after music therapy.
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Whitehead-Pleaux, A. M., Baryza, M.J., & Sheridan, R.L. (2007). Exploring the effects of music therapy on pediatric pain: phase 1. The Journal of Music Therapy, 44(3), 217–41.
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have claimed that music therapy is an effective method in helping individuals experiencing mental health issues, and more should be done to offer those in need this type of help.
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Gfeller, Kate E.; Thaut, Michael H. (2008). "Music therapy in the treatment of behavioral-emotional disorders". In Davis, William B.; Gfeller, Kate E.; Thaut, Michael H. (eds.).
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Hilliard, R. E. (2001). The effects of music therapy-based bereavement groups on mood and behavior of grieving children: A pilot study. Journal of Music Therapy, 38(4), 291–306.
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Keough, Laurie (October 1, 2017). "Assessment-Based Small-Group Music Therapy Programming for Individuals with Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Multi-Year Clinical Project".
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Eventually, case reports in reference to this study relayed not only the importance but also the impact of music therapy services in the recovery of military service personnel.
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feelings of happiness or peace which could bring back positive emotions. Either way, music can be used as a tool to bring emotions forward and help the person cope with them.
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Further research is needed before the use of improvisation is conclusively proven to be effective in this application, but there were positive signs in this study of its use.
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Geipel J, Koenig J, Hillecke TK, Resch F, Kaess M (January 2018). "Music-based interventions to reduce internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis".
1546:. Although these endorsements helped music therapy develop, there was still a recognized need to assess the true viability and value of music as a medically based therapy.
1451:(NAMT), a professional association, was formed in 1950. In 1956 the first music therapy credential in the US, Registered Music Therapist (RMT), was instituted by the NAMT.
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in 1941, author of the first music therapy textbook published in the United States. Several physicians also promoted music as a therapeutic agent during this time period.
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Hilliard, R. E. (2007). The effects of orff-based music therapy and social work groups on childhood grief symptoms and behaviors. Journal of Music Therapy, 44(2), 123–38.
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Through the ages music has been an integral component of rituals, ceremonies, healing practices, and spiritual and cultural traditions. Further, Michael Bakan, author of
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Aalbers, Sonja; Fusar-Poli, Laura; Freeman, Ruth E.; Spreen, Marinus; Ket, Johannes Cf; Vink, Annemiek C.; Maratos, Anna; Crawford, Mike; Chen, Xi-Jing (November 2017).
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refers to a technique used in natural and alternative medicine that involves using mental imagery to help with the physiological and psychological ailments of patients.
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Models developed specifically for music therapy include analytical music therapy, Benenzon, the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), community music therapy,
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caused by damage to the left hemisphere of the brain by engaging the singing abilities and possibly engaging language-capable regions in the undamaged right hemisphere.
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evidence that music therapy added to the standard treatment may reduce internalizing symptoms and may be more effective than treatment as usual (without music therapy).
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service users (with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders), their study showed the relevance of the six-dimensional framework.
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Amir, Dorit (2004). "Giving Trauma a Voice: The Role of Improvisational Music Therapy in Exposing, Dealing with and Healing a Traumatic Experience of Sexual Abuse".
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3399:"Significant treatment effect of adjunct music therapy to standard treatment on the positive, negative, and mood symptoms of schizophrenic patients: a meta-analysis"
1409:, pianist, WWI music therapy provider for Canadian soldiers, a strong believer in training for music therapists, and 1919 Columbia University musicotherapy teacher;
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To be trained in this method, students are required to be healthcare professionals. Some courses are only open to music therapists and mental health professionals.
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may have positive effects on psychological and physical outcomes in adults with cancer. The effectiveness of music therapy for children with cancer is not known.
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1423:
in 1941, author of the first music therapy textbook published in the US. Several physicians also promoted music as a therapeutic agent during this time period.
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The credentials listed below were previously conferred by the former national organizations AAMT and NAMT; these credentials have not been available since 1998.
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Haslbeck, Friederike B; Mueller, Katharina; Karen, Tanja; Loewy, Joanne; Meerpohl, Joerg J; Bassler, Dirk (September 7, 2023). Cochrane Neonatal Group (ed.).
1086:, famous medical experts in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, also specially discussed phonology and medicine in the "classics with wings" and "Yuefu Chuansheng".
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is the practice of communicating with others by singing to enhance speech or increase speech production by promoting socialization, and emotional expression.
107:. The brother is attempting to comfort his sibling by playing the violin, and she has fallen into a deep sleep, "oblivious of all grief, mental and physical".
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Thompson, Grace (November 23, 2017). "Long-Term Perspectives of Family Quality of Life Following Music Therapy with Young Children on the Autism Spectrum".
1181:. The former was mostly developed by professor Even Ruud, while professor Brynjulf Stige is largely responsible for cultivating the latter. The center in
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a social service, educational, or health care agency are often reimbursable by insurance or other sources of funding for individuals with certain needs.
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Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists".
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on the theme of Dialogue and Debate. In November 2006, Dr. Michael J. Crawford and his colleagues again found that music therapy helped the outcomes of
1312:
RMT (Registered Music Therapist). There are other countries that use RMT as a credential, such as Australia, that is different from the U.S. credential.
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therapy in China; In 1986, Professor Gao Tian of Beijing Conservatory of music published his paper "Research on the relieving effect of music on pain";
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Penelope Gouk, 2004, « Raising Spirits and Restoring Souls. Early Modern Medical Explanations for Music's Effects », in Veit Erlmann (dir.),
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Music therapy may provide a means of improving mental health among people with schizophrenia, but its effects in acute psychoses have not been explored
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Davis, William B.; Gfeller, Kate E. (2008). "Music therapy: Historical perspective". In Davis, William B.; Gfeller, Kate E.; Thaut, Michael H. (eds.).
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Norway is recognized as an important country for music therapy research. Its two major research centers are the Center for Music and Health with the
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Rosner, R, Kruse, J., & Hagl, M. (2010). A meta‐analysis of interventions for bereaved children and adolescents. Death Studies, 34(2), 99 – 136.
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the only reference at Lebanon, the president Dr Hamda farhat, members administer Dr Antoine chartouni, Dr Elia Francis Safi TRAINING and Formation
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In 1956, Fran Herman, one of Canada's music therapy pioneers, began a 'remedial music' program at the Home For Incurable Children, now known as the
262:
Music may both motivate and provide a sense of distraction. Rhythmic stimuli has been found to help balance training for those with a brain injury.
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Music therapy aims to provide physical and mental benefit. Music therapists use their techniques to help their patients in many areas, ranging from
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Melodic intonation therapy (MIT), developed in 1973 by neurological researchers Sparks, Helm, and Albert, is a method used by music therapists and
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plateau, from the freshwater period (that had begun 1500 years ago) shows a didgeridoo player and two songmen participating in an Ubarr ceremony.
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Dyukova, G. M.; Glozman, Zh. M.; Titova, E. Yu.; Kriushev, E. S.; Gamaleya, A. A. (June 8, 2010). "Speech Disorders in Right-Hemisphere Stroke".
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Van Der Meulen, Ineke; Van De Sandt-Koenderman, Mieke W. M. E.; Heijenbrok, Majanka H.; Visch-Brink, Evy; Ribbers, Gerard M. (November 1, 2016).
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For example, Liu Xueyu, one of the emperors of the Tang Dynasty, cured some stubborn diseases through the records of music in the Tang Dynasty.
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American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
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The South African Music Therapy Association can provide information to the public about music therapy or educational programs in South Africa.
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Bednarz LF, Nikkel B (1992). "The role of music therapy in the treatment of young adults diagnosed with mental illness and substance abuse".
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Gfeller, Kate E. (2008). "Music: A human phenomenon and therapeutic tool". In Davis, William B.; Gfeller, Kate E.; Thaut, Michael H. (eds.).
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Singing is a form of rehabilitation for neurological impairments. Neurological impairments following a brain injury can be in the form of
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1195:. Norway's main contribution to the field is mostly in the area of "community music therapy", which tends to be as much oriented toward
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Some common music therapy practices include developmental work (communication, motor skills, etc.) with individuals with special needs,
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Sue, Derald Wing; Torino, Gina C. (2005). "Racial-cultural competence: Awareness, knowledge, and skills". In Carter, Robert T. (ed.).
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was said to cure diseases of the mind by using song and music. By 5000 BC, music was used for healing by Egyptian priest-physicians.
1574:(TBI). These two signature injuries are increasingly common among millennial military service members and in music therapy programs.
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K.D. Goodman (Ed.) (2023) Developing issues in world music therapy education and training: A plurality of views. Charles C Thomas.
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live or recorded music. Either or both can lead to verbal discussions, depending on client needs and the therapist's orientation.
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Wigram, Tony (2000). "A Method of Music Therapy Assessment for the Diagnosis of Autism and Communication Disorders in Children".
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Uedo, Noriya; Ishikawa, Hideki (2004). "Reduction in salivary cortisol level by music therapy during colonoscopic examination".
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Gertrude Orff developed Orff Music Therapy at the Kinderzentrum München. Both the clinical setting of social pediatrics and the
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Valentino, R. E. (2006). Attitudes towards cross-cultural empathy in music therapy. Music Therapy Perspectives, 24(2), 108–114.
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In the United States, the first music therapy bachelor's degree program was established in 1944 at Michigan State College (now
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Lady Boynton's "New Age" Dossiers: a Serendipitous Digest of News and Articles on Trends in Modern Day Mysticism and Decadence
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Receptive Methods in Music Therapy: Techniques and Clinical Applications for Music Therapy Clinicians, Educators and Students
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Two other music therapy programs were initiated during the 1950s; one by Norma Sharpe at St. Thomas Psychiatric Hospital in
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Online World Congress of Music Therapy – The Polyrhythms of Music Therapy | Development of Music Therapy in South Africa
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Swedberg Yinger, Olivia; Gooding, Lori (July 2014). "Music Therapy and Music Medicine for Children and Adolescents".
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Whitehead-Pleaux, Annette (2017). "Discrimination and oppression". In Whitehead-Pleaux, Annette; Tan, Xeuli (eds.).
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Wheeler, E.J.; I. K. Funk; W.S. Woods; A.S. Draper; and W.J. Funk. "Columbia University to Heal Wounded by Music".
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The use of music to soothe grief has been used since the time of David and King Saul. In I Samuel, David plays the
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912:, states that "Music is a mode of cultural production and can reveal much about how the culture works," something
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5807:"Technical Bulletin 187: Music in Reconditioning in American Service Forces Convalescent and General Hospitals".
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There are longstanding traditions of music healing, which in some ways may be very different than music therapy.
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Aung SK, Lee MH (2004). "Music, Sounds, Medicine, and Meditation: An Integrative Approach to the Healing Arts".
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In 2006, Hamda Farhat introduced music therapy to Lebanon, developing and inventing therapeutic methods such as
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Music therapy might also be described as Sound Healing. Extensive studies have been made with this description
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Marcello Sorce Keller, "Some Ethnomusicological Considerations about Magic and the Therapeutic Uses of Music",
6571:
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566:
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and listening in reminiscence, orientation work with the elderly, processing and relaxation work, and rhythmic
51:
6224:
by Dr. John Crellin, MUNMED, newsletter of the Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1996.
1097:
edited and published music therapy; In 2007, Gao Tian edited and published the basic theory of music therapy.
294:
Some children after participating in music therapy may want to keep making music long after the sessions end.
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10141:
9458:
8741:
8519:
8074:
7943:
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7119:
2141:
1905:
1047:, and the other by Thérèse Pageau at the Hôpital St-Jean-de-Dieu (now Hôpital Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine) in
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K.D.Goodman,Ed. (2015) International perspectives in music therapy education and training. Charles C Thomas
6358:"Exploring Music Therapists' Experiences With and Perceptions About Copyrighted Music: A Thematic Analysis"
5890:
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Hurt-Thaut, Corene P.; Johnson, Sarah B. (2017). "Neurologic Music Therapy". In Wheeler, Barbara L. (ed.).
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gives a lengthy account of how music and songs can be used to draw celestial benefits for staying healthy.
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Whipple J (July 2004). "Music in intervention for children and adolescents with autism: a meta-analysis".
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Whitehead-Pleaux, Annette; Tan, Xeuli (2017). "Preface". In Whitehead-Pleaux, Annette; Tan, Xueli (eds.).
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Keen MSocSc, Alexander W. (March 2005). "Using music as a therapy tool to motivate troubled adolescents".
1401:, musician, author, 1903 founder of the short-lived National Therapeutic Society of New York and the 1913
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Jung, Music, and Music Therapy: Prepared on the Occasion of the "C.G. Jung and the Humanities" Colloquium
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Boso M, Politi P, Barale F, Enzo E (2006). "Neurophysiology and neurobiology of the musical experience".
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Hahna, Nicole D. (2017). "Reflecting on personal bias". In Whitehead-Pleaux, Annette; Tan, Xueli (eds.).
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7696:
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6009:
1930:
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1648:
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am not altogether convinced that African music healing and music therapy are especially closely related
1166:
837:
278:
6503:
Goodman,K.D.(2011) Music therapy education and training: From theory to practice . Charles C . Thomas
5635:
4924:
Music Therapy in Healthcare. The popular Publications Chennai Apollo 2007. Dr Mythili Thirumalach7ary
4727:
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South Africa was selected to host the 16th World Congress of Music Therapy in July 2020, a triennial
170:
42:
6796:"A preliminary study of the effects of music therapy on agitation in Chinese patients with dementia"
6027:
Misic, P.; Arandjelovic, D.; Stanojkovic, S.; Vladejic, S.; Mladenovic, J. (2010). "Music Therapy".
4786:
4716:
3690:"Development of the Grief Process Scale through music therapy songwriting with bereaved adolescents"
2449:
10790:
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10211:
9512:
9304:
8854:
8652:
7948:
7763:
7686:
7378:
7292:
7259:
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6678:, New York: Berg Publishers, 2004. Cf. especially Chapter 5, "Raising Spirits and Restoring Souls".
6464:"When Therapy Goes Public: Copyright Gatekeepers and Sharing Therapeutic Artifacts on Social Media"
5277:
1960:
1910:
932:
656:
Development of the Grief Process Scale through music therapy songwriting with bereaved adolescents,
155:
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5730:
4620:
3143:"Melodic Intonation Therapy in Chronic Aphasia: Evidence from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"
2597:
Stanley P, Ramsey D (November 15, 2012). "Music therapy in physical medicine and rehabilitation".
2419:
1864:
For history from the early 20th century to the present, see continents or individual countries in
1651:
partner with EFMP services to provide music therapy services to eligible military family members.
1118:
Indian musician Chitravina Ravikiran based on fundamental criteria derived from acoustic physics.
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1945:
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344:
91:
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event. Due to the coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) the congress was moved to an online event.
1244:
is full of interesting cultural practices in which contribute a lot to the music therapy world.
1126:(ISSN 2249-8664) to popularize and promote music therapy research on an international platform.
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7282:
6405:"Copyright as a Barrier to Music Therapy Telehealth Interventions: Qualitative Interview Study"
3918:. Morimoto, K., Ishihara, R., Narahara, R., Akedo, I., Ioka, T., Kaji, I., Fukuda, S.: 463–465.
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6215:"Humanities are the Hormones: A Tarantella Comes to Newfoundland. What should we do about it?"
1715:
taught that music affects the soul and described music as a force that purified the emotions.
302:
Listening to music may improve heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure in those with
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5074:"GAMUT – Griegakademiets senter for musikkterapiforsking – Uni Research Helse – Uni Research"
4221:(3rd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: The American Music Therapy Association. pp. 209–246.
3339:"Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in people with cancer"
3049:
1965:
1468:
whose influence on the current generation of British music therapy lecturers remains strong.
1074:
The relationship between music therapy and health has long been documented in ancient China.
919:
893:
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4242:
2683:"Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants"
1058:
Canada's first music therapy training program was founded in 1976, at Capilano College (now
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Ruud, Even (2010). Music Therapy: A Perspective from the Humanities. Barcelona Publishers.
5754:"Music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia: exploratory randomised controlled trial"
5573:(3rd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: The American Music Therapy Association. pp. 17–39.
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recovery (in the case of injury), and among families of fallen military service personnel.
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music therapy (creative music therapy), neurologic music therapy, and vocal psychotherapy.
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5409:"Virginia SB633 Music therapy; definition of music therapist, licensure [2019/20]"
4666:
4659:
4440:
4297:
3741:
An Introduction to Music Therapy Theory and Practice: The Music Therapy Treatment Process.
3337:
Bradt, Joke; Dileo, Cheryl; Myers-Coffman, Katherine; Biondo, Jacelyn (October 12, 2021).
3140:
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said that music affected the emotions and could influence the character of an individual.
8:
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3556:"Effects of music therapy on depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
2079:(3 ed.). Silver Spring, MD: The American Music Therapy Association. pp. 41–75.
1799:
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1044:
927:
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5051:
3615:"Exploring the processes of change facilitated by musical activities on mental wellness"
3571:
2707:
2682:
1733:(872–950), known as Alpharabius in Europe, dealt with music for healing in his treatise
1609:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
1419:, music therapist to WWI veterans, author, researcher, lecturer/teacher, founder of the
1289:
MT-BC (Music Therapist-Board Certified, also written as Board Certified Music Therapist)
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4167:
Hanser, Susan (2017). "Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches". In Wheeler, Barbara L. (ed.).
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of 1650 and even early eighteenth-century books such as Michael Ernst Ettmüller's 1714
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6278:"From Sensibility to Pathology: The Origins of the Idea of Nervous Music around 1800"
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3094:"Melodic intonation therapy: shared insights on how it is done and why it might help"
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Bruscia, Kenneth E. (1987). "IAP scales and criteria". In Bruscia, Kenneth E. (ed.).
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Gibson, David (2018). The Complete Guide to Sound Healing (2nd ed.), Sound of Light.
6173:
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5932:"Music Therapy and Military Populations | American Music Therapy Association (AMTA)"
4705:
4374:
3323:
3221:
2849:
2367:
1808:(The Connection of Music to Medicine), stressed the power of music over the nerves.
1240:
made of elephant tusk which is blown into dying patients' ears to resuscitate them.
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Sarrazin, Natalie (2016). "Music: Fundamentals and Educational Roots in the U.S.".
1950:
1935:
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5025:
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2732:"Rethinking the role of music in the neurodevelopment of autism spectrum disorder"
1566:
have both presented an array of injuries; however, the two signature injuries are
1040:, at Westminster Hospital in 1952 and at the London Psychiatric Hospital in 1956.
10748:
10686:
10620:
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9931:
9901:
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9716:
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9621:
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9396:
9329:
9314:
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8954:
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7421:
7383:
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7323:
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7214:
7199:
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6673:
6617:. on New Age aspects of speculation in psychology, philosophy, music (especially
6561:
6221:
5752:
Talwar N, Crawford MJ, Maratos A, Nur U, McDermott O, Procter S (November 2006).
4337:
4092:
Stige, Brynjulf (2017). "Community Music Therapy". In Wheeler, Barbara L. (ed.).
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2628:. Silver Springs, MD: American Music Therapy Association, Inc. pp. 201–203.
1955:
1940:
1925:
1751:
1473:
1444:
1037:
931:
through a lifelong journey of formal and informal education and self-reflection.
913:
494:
131:
8949:
6327:"Social Utility of Music: A Case For A Copyright Exemption For Therapeutic Uses"
5904:"American Music Therapy Association | American Music Therapy Association (AMTA)"
5099:
3839:
3614:
3453:
Geretsegger M, Mössler KA, Bieleninik Ł, Chen XJ, Heldal TO, Gold C (May 2017).
1786:(Disputation on the Effect of Music on Man) or Friedrich Erhardt Niedten's 1717
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10723:
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10576:
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10451:
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10346:
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9926:
9906:
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9771:
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9386:
9352:
9319:
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8586:
8362:
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8332:
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8117:
8052:
7671:
7471:
7446:
7287:
7219:
7209:
7149:
7069:
6763:
6741:
The Music of Being: Music Therapy, Winnicott and the School of Object Relations
3878:
1469:
1465:
1411:
882:
876:
803:
793:
188:
6214:
6165:
5770:
5753:
5502:
5356:
4771:
4314:
3705:
3455:"Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders"
3415:
3205:
3031:
2998:
2541:
2381:
2315:
2275:
2260:"Is there a role for music therapy in the recovery approach in mental health?"
2234:
2216:"Is there a role for music therapy in the recovery approach in mental health?"
705:
group ritual to structure a theme of the group or of treatment (Krout, 2005).
10818:
10481:
10286:
10251:
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10066:
9996:
9991:
9891:
9801:
9766:
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9421:
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9267:
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9147:
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8919:
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8804:
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8157:
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7531:
7511:
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7436:
7393:
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7169:
7026:
5727:""Proceedings from the WFMT World Conference in Oxford, UK, 23–28 July 2002""
4665:(paperback). Oxford University Press, USA (published July 19, 2001). p.
4457:
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Abrams, Brian (2017). "Humanistic Approaches". In Wheeler, Barbara L. (ed.).
3713:
3638:
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1895:
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1738:
1726:
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1200:
1174:
833:
273:, muscle control disturbances (due to damage of the central nervous system),
250:
100:
6247:
4581:
Handbook of racial-cultural psychology and counseling: Training and practice
1764:, that music and dance were critical in treating mental illness, especially
1472:, one of Juliette Alvin's students, created "analytical music therapy". The
10776:
9517:
9391:
9277:
9188:
9172:
9137:
9047:
8974:
8859:
8602:
8596:
8407:
8352:
8327:
8287:
8272:
8237:
8197:
8167:
8162:
8152:
8084:
7819:
7562:
7516:
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7318:
7244:
7229:
6863:
6590:
6440:
6381:
6311:
6293:
6138:
6111:
5834:
5779:
5621:
A Historical Review of Music Therapy and the Department of Veterans Affairs
5330:
3896:
3847:
3599:
3537:
3488:
3434:
3380:
3279:
3213:
3178:
3127:
2963:
2898:
2841:
2808:"Music for stress and anxiety reduction in coronary heart disease patients"
2784:
2716:
2549:
2514:
2488:
2359:
2323:
1900:
1539:
1477:
1217:
1129:
Suvarna Nalapat has studied music therapy in the Indian context. Her books
824:
458:
6936:
6922:
6908:
6892:
6855:
6736:. Montréal, Bibliothèque du personnel, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, 1978.
6373:
5874:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5166:
4408:
3315:
3307:
2653:. Silver Spring, MD: American Music Therapy Association, Inc. p. 18.
2576:
2351:
920:
Cultural considerations in music therapy services, education, and research
9379:
9193:
9142:
9115:
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8809:
8571:
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5183:
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1885:
1840:
1765:
1721:
1704:
1394:
1196:
985:
166:
6715:
5435:
5308:
4830:
3504:"Music Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress in Adults: A Theoretical Review"
2651:
Music Therapy for Children, Adolescents and Adults with Mental Disorders
2626:
Music Therapy for Children, Adolescents and Adults with Mental Disorders
9324:
9289:
9024:
8979:
8726:
8297:
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8107:
7506:
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7416:
7353:
6807:
5499:
Mental Health Practitioners: Creative Arts Therapy License Requirements
5455:
4970:). Readworthy Publication. New Delhi. 2008. Dr Mythili Thirumalachary.
4583:. Vol. 2. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 3–18.
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Gaston, E. Thayer (1968). "Man and music". In Gaston, E. Thayer (ed.).
1607:
about on music therapy methods with military populations is incomplete.
1542:
and research and endorsements from both the United States Army and the
1485:
925:
education; or socioeconomic status. Music therapists strive to achieve
885:(schoolwork) approach in music education (developed by German composer
270:
5251:
4751:
4556:
Cultural intersections in music therapy: Music, health, and the person
4531:
Cultural intersections in music therapy: Music, health, and the person
4506:
Cultural intersections in music therapy: Music, health, and the person
3954:"Swedish music therapy method for aged strikes chord in nursing homes"
3549:
3547:
2284:
2243:
1992:
493:
There is tentative evidence that music interventions led by a trained
141:
10681:
9009:
8841:
8576:
8257:
8192:
8177:
7907:
5525:
5117:
4375:"History – Nordoff-Robbins Center for Music Therapy – NYU Steinhardt"
4362:
2389:
American Music Therapy Association, Michigan State University Chapter
1748:
1730:
1712:
1501:
1493:
1237:
1101:
worldwide attention. The prospect of Chinese music therapy is broad.
1083:
886:
642:
6662:. Third ed. Silver Springs, MD: American Music Therapy Association.
6026:
5523:
5077:
4019:
Wheeler, Barbara L. (2017). "Part II: Orientations and approaches".
544:
333:
47:
Citations, text formatting, and some headings need to be cleaned up.
9132:
9094:
8929:
7983:
7656:
6981:
5249:
3728:
Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services
3544:
2955:
1356:
1048:
972:
9374:
6421:
4606:
Music in West Africa : Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture
3778:
Freed, B. S. (1987). "Songwriting with the chemically dependent".
1523:
8934:
8894:
8874:
7328:
7099:
6825:
Music Therapy Research: Quantitative And Qualitative Perspectives
6690:"Music therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses"
6658:
Davis, William B., Kate E. Gfeller, and Michael H. Thaut (2008).
2172:
1489:
1241:
1229:
1225:
1212:
274:
266:
7602:
5931:
5903:
5493:
New York State Education Department, Office of the Professions.
5354:
4706:
Voices: Fran Herman, Music Therapist in Canada for over 50 years
3452:
3244:"Melodic Intonation Therapy: Back to Basics for Future Research"
1986:
1984:
1737:, in which he discussed the therapeutic effects of music on the
1595:
1220:, and faith healers according to Professor Charles O. Aluede of
1141:(2008) are accepted textbooks on music therapy and Indian arts.
991:
9208:
8944:
8899:
8864:
8849:
7267:
5597:
Degmecic D, Požgain I, Filakovic P (2005). "Music as Therapy".
4925:
1700:
1513:
1505:
1232:. Songs allude to the idea the finally resting place is Hades (
1182:
787:
6716:"Some principles, practices and techniques in musical therapy"
5685:
5633:
5466:
5328:
5306:
5048:"Centre for Music and Health – the Norwegian Academy of Music"
2462:
1990:
1703:
is the ancient Greek god of music and of medicine and his son
9426:
9062:
8984:
8914:
8783:
7179:
6698:
Music Therapy Education and Training: From Theory to Practice
5599:
International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music
5275:
5223:
4071:. Silver Spring, MD: The American Music Therapy Association.
3554:
Tang, Qishou; Huang, Zhaohui; Zhou, Huan; Ye, Peijie (2020).
3336:
1981:
1708:
1696:
5380:
5133:"Some Reflections on the Future of Music Therapy in Nigeria"
4339:
Being in Music: Foundations of Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy
4266:
3501:
3292:
3191:
2117:
The Music Effect: Music Physiology and Clinical Applications
314:
Music may be a useful tool in the recovery of motor skills.
197:
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
9213:
9004:
6675:
Hearing Cultures. Essays on Sound, Listening, and Modernity
6066:
A reference companion to the history of abnormal psychology
2017:
Darnley-Smith, Rachel; M Patey, Helen (February 18, 2003).
1664:
1233:
1170:
737:
104:
6263:
Hearing Cultures: Essays on Sound, Listening and Modernity
6188:
Hearing Cultures. Essays on Sound, Listening and Modernity
5821:
Rorke MA (1996). "Music and the Wounded of World War II".
4844:
4398:
Temple University. (2018). Models of Music Psychotherapy .
3242:
Zumbansen, Anna; Peretz, Isabelle; Hébert, Sylvie (2014).
3091:
2258:
McCaffrey, Tríona; Edwards, Jane; Fannon, Dominic (2011).
1293:
State license or registration: varies by state, see below
8686:
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
5436:
Certification Board for Music Therapists (June 8, 2022).
5167:"Music Therapy in South Africa: Compromise or Synthesis?"
4940:
Music Therapy in Management, Education and Administration
3991:(3 ed.). University Park, IL: Barcelona Publishers.
2680:
2527:
1816:
After 1800, some books on music and medicine drew on the
1342:
764:
Psychological orientations used in music therapy include
8752:
8429:
Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
6949:
Sound Healing: Therapeutic Frequencies for Mind and Body
5751:
5596:
3667:(1st ed.). SAGE Publications, Limited. p. 30.
1405:
journal, and creator/teacher of a musicotherapy course;
1135:
Music Therapy in Management Education and Administration
8494:
6929:
Music for the Physically Disabled Child: a Bibliography
6764:"Remembering through Music: Music Therapy and Dementia"
4067:
Knight, Andrew; LaGasse, Blythe; Clair, Alicia (2018).
3819:
3688:
Dalton, Thomas A.; Krout, Robert E. (January 1, 2005).
1379:
For earlier history related to Western traditions, see
1016:
For earlier history related to Western traditions, see
6688:
Gold, C., Heldal, T.O., Dahle, T., Wigram, T. (2006).
6282:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
5712:
5197:
3092:
Norton A, Zipse L, Marchina S, Schlaug G (July 2009).
2863:
Magee WL, Clark I, Tamplin J, Bradt J (January 2017).
2862:
2301:
2257:
2213:
2104:. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. pp. 465–496.
6660:
An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and Practice
5798:, Faculty of Medicine News, Imperial College, London.
5571:
Music therapy: An introduction to theory and practice
4508:. Dallas, TX: Barcelona Publishers. pp. xi–xii.
4219:
Music Therapy: An introduction to theory and practice
3828:
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
3241:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
2941:
2168:"Musopathy: Mapping music and its medicinal benefits"
2077:
An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and Practice
2019:
Music Therapy (Creative Therapies in Practice series)
1811:
1476:
approach to music therapy developed from the work of
975:
in Northern Australia suggest that the people of the
965:
6576:
5926:
5924:
4558:. Dallas, TX: Barcelona Publishers. pp. 23–33.
2016:
1699:
has been used as a healing implement for centuries.
1674:. The creation and expansion of music therapy as a
9068:
Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries
6692:, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4.
6265:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 87–105.
4533:. Dallas, Tx: Barcelona Publishers. pp. 3–10.
4503:
1533:Music therapy finds its roots in the military. The
1287:National board certification (current as of 2021):
680:adaptive ones through the use of musical stimuli".
569:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
510:however more rigorous empirical study is required.
358:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8434:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
6063:
6055:
5796:"Music therapy may improve schizophrenia symptoms"
4658:
4572:
4196:. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 148–160.
4171:. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 161–171.
4146:. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 133–147.
4121:. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 220–232.
4096:. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 233–245.
4066:
4023:. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 129–132.
3228:
3051:Introduction to neurogenic communication disorders
2730:Janzen, Thenille Braun; Thaut, Michael H. (2018).
648:
525:
5921:
4116:
3739:Davis, W. B., Gfeller, K. E., & Thaut, M. H.
3502:Landis-Shack N, Heinz AJ, Bonn-Miller MO (2017).
2188:"About Sound Healing | Sound Healing Center"
2119:. Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
2049:. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 7–29.
1805:Die Verbindung der Musik mit der Arzneygelahrheit
1032:Composer/pianist Alfred Rosé, a professor at the
10816:
8424:Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy
6630:"Frequently Asked Questions About Music Therapy"
5018:"The Music Therapy Trust India, New Delhi India"
4992:"The Music Therapy Trust India, New Delhi India"
4528:
4069:Music therapy: An introduction to the profession
3867:Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy
3613:Kwan, Chi Kin; Clift, Stephen (March 15, 2018).
3014:Musicophilia : tales of music and the brain
2805:
2382:"Music Therapy with High Risk Adolescents (PDF)"
1823:
1357:Board Certification Examination in Music Therapy
8439:Association for Behavior Analysis International
6613:.: Anthology of reprinted articles, pamphlets,
6020:
4936:
4883:
4298:"Music psychotherapy: guided imagery and music"
3553:
3054:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 93.
2865:"Music interventions for acquired brain injury"
1758:wrote in the 17th century in his classic work,
1524:Military: active duty, veterans, family members
1328:The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA).
8691:Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy
8666:American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
5661:"Music Therapy Group Outlines Unusual Program"
5224:Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy (June 5, 2018).
4062:
4060:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3922:
3861:Stanczyk, Malgorzata Monika (September 2011).
3825:
3730:. London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust.
2412:Music and Rehabilition:Neurological Approaches
2115:Schneck, Daniel J.; Berger, Dorita S. (2006).
1027:Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital
8768:
8480:
7618:
6997:
6402:
6355:
6061:
5406:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4040:
3662:
3087:
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3083:
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3079:
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3075:
3073:
3071:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2562:
2114:
1036:, also pioneered the use of music therapy in
1009:
992:In modern times – an allied health profession
103:. A brother and sister resting before an old
8681:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
6190:, Oxford / New York, Berg Publishers, p. 101
5568:
5495:"Creative Arts Therapy License Requirements"
4785:Deutsche Musiktherapeutische Gesellschaft .
4291:
4289:
4216:
3945:
3909:
3791:
2984:
2806:Bradt J, Dileo C, Potvin N (December 2013).
2409:
1803:
1211:The origins of Musical therapy practices in
788:The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music
8701:World Federation of Occupational Therapists
6062:Howells, John G.; Osborn, M. Livia (1984).
5893:. American Music Therapy Association, 2014.
4837:
4756:(in Chinese). Bei fang wen yi chu ban she.
3971:
3687:
3663:Darnley-Smith, Rachel (February 18, 2003).
3459:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3343:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2869:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2812:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2729:
2469:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2341:
1365:
1323:
910:World Music: Traditions and Transformations
207:
8775:
8761:
8487:
8473:
7625:
7611:
7004:
6990:
6718:. University of the Pacific Dissertations.
6145:
6125:Antrim, Doron K. (2006). "Music Therapy".
6098:Antrim, Doron K. (2006). "Music Therapy".
6010:"What is the oldest known piece of music?"
5957:"Music therapy helping marines with TBI's"
5524:Certification Board for Music Therapists.
5164:
4481:World Music Traditions and Transformations
4037:
3931:"Harmonica being studied in COPD patients"
3098:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
3068:
3043:
3041:
2905:
2583:
749:Music therapist Kenneth Bruscia stated "A
90:
9412:Music technology (electronic and digital)
8671:American Occupational Therapy Association
6430:
6420:
6356:Amanda, Reid; Nicolla, Sydney K. (2022).
6301:
6236:Alternative & Complementary Therapies
5769:
5250:South African Music Therapy Association.
5182:
5118:"Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy"
4815:(Vol. 39 ed.). VWB. pp. 61–83.
4578:
4456:
4313:
4286:
3886:
3863:"Music therapy in supportive cancer care"
3756:. Gilsum, NH: Barcelona Publishers, 1998.
3612:
3589:
3579:
3527:
3478:
3424:
3414:
3370:
3269:
3259:
3168:
3158:
3117:
2888:
2831:
2799:
2747:
2706:
2504:
2420:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586974.003.0012
2297:
2295:
2283:
2242:
2214:McCaffrey T, Edwards J, Fannon D (2011).
1307:ACMT (Advanced Certified Music Therapist)
846:Therapy in Music for Handicapped Children
712:
629:Learn how and when to remove this message
418:Learn how and when to remove this message
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
6827:. Barcelona: Barcelona Publishers (NH).
6756:International Journal of Music Education
6461:
6331:Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy
6275:
5891:"Music Therapy and Military Populations"
5886:
5884:
5618:
5469:"National Overview of State Recognition"
5442:Certification Board for Music Therapists
4810:
4141:
3860:
3743:. 3rd ed. Silver Spring, Maryland, 2008.
2762:
2304:Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics
2139:
2064:. Columbus, MO: Southern Pen Publishers.
1792:Reflections of Antient and Modern Musick
744:
269:– loss to perform purposeful movements,
8696:World Confederation of Physical Therapy
7240:Temporal dynamics of music and language
6841:
6822:
6793:
6743:. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
6695:
6647:. (Second edition.) London: Routledge.
6566:, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
6233:
6007:
5713:"British Association for Music Therapy"
5614:
5612:
5592:
5590:
5256:South African Music Therapy Association
5130:
4618:
4445:Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy
4434:
4432:
4430:
4302:Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy
4018:
3986:
3047:
3038:
2687:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2599:Australian Occupational Therapy Journal
2410:LaGasse AB, Thaut MH (April 15, 2012).
2337:
2335:
2333:
2102:Improvisational models of music therapy
2099:
2074:
1192:Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy
1066:, by Nancy McMaster and Carolyn Kenny.
10817:
8444:European Association for Psychotherapy
6878:
6700:. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
6643:Bunt, Leslie; Stige, Brynjulf (2014).
6468:International Journal of Communication
6403:Reid, Amanda; Kresovich, Alex (2021).
6124:
6097:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5431:
5429:
5355:Australian Music Therapy Association.
5302:
5300:
5298:
5160:
5158:
5156:
4943:. New Delhi: Readworthy Publications.
4661:Australian Art (Oxford History of Art)
4656:
4646:Kakadu National Park – Rock art styles
4191:
4166:
3951:
3658:
3656:
3194:Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology
2918:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2292:
2146:. Milne Library: Open SUNY Textbooks.
2044:
1798:of the French Academy of Sciences, or
1784:Disputatio effectus musicae in hominem
1449:National Association for Music Therapy
1124:International Journal of Music Therapy
9591:
8950:Vietnam imperial court music—Nhã nhạc
8756:
8676:American Physical Therapy Association
8468:
7606:
6985:
6761:
6151:
5881:
5820:
4890:(in Malayalam). Kottayam: D C Books.
4603:
4553:
4483:. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 10.
4478:
4438:
4335:
4295:
4267:Appalachian State University (2020).
4091:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3011:
2648:
2623:
2062:The Music Therapy Assessment Handbook
2059:
1850:National Foundation for Music Therapy
1421:National Foundation for Music Therapy
1380:
1177:Centre for Music Therapy (GAMUT), at
1017:
662:
324:Music therapy for Alzheimer's disease
7011:
6728:"A Season of Song, Dance and Autism"
6683:The Complete Guide to Sound Healing.
6632:. Boyer College of Music and Dance,
6324:
6260:
5860:
5686:American Music Therapy Association.
5634:American Music Therapy Association.
5627:
5609:
5587:
5467:American Music Therapy Association.
5361:Australian Music Therapy Association
5329:American Music Therapy Association.
5307:American Music Therapy Association.
4887:Nadalayasindhu (Ragachikitsamritham)
4739:Canadian Encyclopedia: Music Therapy
4728:Canadian Encyclopedia: Music Therapy
4427:
4363:Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy Centre
3928:
3397:Tseng, Ping-Tao (January 26, 2016).
2330:
2040:
2038:
1991:American Music Therapy Association.
1865:
1691:
1589:
1544:Surgeon General of the United States
999:Australian Music Therapy Association
951:
892:Corresponding with the attitudes of
567:adding citations to reliable sources
538:
453:Music therapy for non-fluent aphasia
356:adding citations to reliable sources
327:
257:
245:
20:
8503:Physical rehabilitation disciplines
8496:Physical therapy and rehabilitation
7729:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
5543:
5426:
5295:
5276:World Federation of Music Therapy.
5200:"Commemorating Mercédès Pavlicevic"
5153:
4813:Sacred Music Therapy in North India
4749:
3653:
2667:
2202:The Complete Guide to Sound Healing
1686:
1480:and Clive Robbins in the 1950/60s.
903:
676:consistently shown to be positive.
13:
10626:Classical and art music traditions
9058:History of lute-family instruments
8875:Cambodian ceremonial music—Pinpeat
8449:Society for Psychotherapy Research
7677:Transference focused psychotherapy
6794:Tuet, R.W.K.; Lam, L.C.W. (2006).
6645:Music Therapy: An Art Beyond Words
6553:
6462:Reid, Amanda; Miño, Pablo (2021).
5381:NJ Association for Music Therapy.
5335:American Music Therapy Association
4811:Cook, Patricia; Cook, Pat (1997).
4789:[What is music therapy?].
4717:Canadian Encyclopedia: Alfred Rosé
4392:
4135:
4005:
3952:Sekiya, Makoto (January 9, 2014).
3441:
3387:
1812:Music therapy: 17th – 19th century
966:Music for healing in ancient times
946:
854:Music Therapy in Special Education
813:
14:
10841:
7734:Rational emotive behavior therapy
7707:Functional analytic psychotherapy
7702:Acceptance and commitment therapy
7632:
7185:Music in psychological operations
6943:
5809:War Department Technical Bulletin
5758:The British Journal of Psychiatry
5636:"Music therapy historical review"
5226:"Remembering Mercédès Pavlicevic"
5131:A luede, Charles Onomudo (2010).
5100:"Nordic Journal of Music Therapy"
4619:Stuart-Reid, Annaliese and John.
4441:"Orff music therapy: an overview"
3792:Grocke, D.E.; Wigram, T. (2007).
2035:
2021:. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
1641:Exceptional Family Member Program
1510:World Federation of Music Therapy
1458:
1271:World Federation of Music Therapy
1131:Nadalayasindhu-Ragachikitsamrutam
10798:
10797:
10784:
10770:
10342:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
9817:Democratic Republic of the Congo
9417:Sound recording and reproduction
8870:Burmese classical music—Mahāgīta
7130:Generative theory of tonal music
6917:, 1987. Winnipeg: The Colloqium
6762:Owens, Melissa (December 2014).
6714:Harbert, Wilhelmina K., (1947).
6455:
6396:
6349:
6318:
6269:
6254:
6227:
6208:
6193:
6180:
6118:
6091:
6008:Andrews, Evan (August 8, 2023).
6001:
5975:
5949:
5896:
5854:
5841:
5814:
5801:
5789:
5745:
5719:
5705:
5679:
5653:
5517:
5486:
5374:
5348:
5322:
5269:
5243:
5217:
5191:
5124:
5110:
5092:
5066:
5040:
5010:
4984:
4439:Voigt, Melanie (November 2003).
3110:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04859.x
2611:10.1046/j.1440-1630.2000.00215.x
1993:"About Music Therapy & AMTA"
1839:used it a decade earlier in the
1729:psychologist and music theorist
1647:, Resounding Joy, Inc., and the
1594:
1393:used it a decade earlier in the
1276:
1187:Nordic Journal for Music Therapy
683:
543:
500:
332:
297:
25:
10646:Jazz and popular music glossary
8454:World Council for Psychotherapy
7140:Hedonic music consumption model
7037:Cognitive neuroscience of music
6800:Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry
6490:
5331:"How to find a music therapist"
5198:University of Pretoria (2020).
4957:
4930:
4918:
4904:
4877:
4851:
4804:
4778:
4743:
4732:
4721:
4710:
4699:
4683:
4650:
4639:
4621:"Sound Healing- Ancient Sounds"
4612:
4597:
4547:
4522:
4497:
4472:
4401:
4367:
4356:
4329:
4269:"Bonny Method Level 1 Training"
4260:
4235:
4210:
4185:
4160:
4110:
4085:
3903:
3854:
3798:. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
3785:
3772:
3759:
3746:
3733:
3720:
3681:
3619:Nordic Journal of Music Therapy
3606:
3495:
3330:
3286:
3185:
3147:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
3134:
3012:Sacks, Oliver (June 28, 2018).
3005:
2978:
2935:
2856:
2756:
2723:
2642:
2617:
2556:
2521:
2456:
2403:
2374:
2251:
2207:
2194:
2180:
1548:Walter Reed Army Medical Center
1535:United States Department of War
1302:CMT (Certified Music Therapist)
1247:
649:Grief treatment for adolescents
554:needs additional citations for
526:Impact on general mental health
343:needs additional citations for
9887:Federated States of Micronesia
6734:La Musicothérapie: thémathèque
6563:Music Therapy in Dementia Care
6261:Gouk P (2004). Erlmann (ed.).
6154:Journal of Religion and Health
5640:About music therapy & AMTA
4608:. New York: Oxford University.
4296:Bonny, Helen L. (April 2001).
3471:10.1002/14651858.CD004025.pub4
3355:10.1002/14651858.CD006911.pub4
2881:10.1002/14651858.CD006787.pub3
2824:10.1002/14651858.CD006577.pub3
2699:10.1002/14651858.CD013472.pub2
2530:Journal of Affective Disorders
2481:10.1002/14651858.CD004517.pub3
2465:"Music therapy for depression"
2160:
2133:
2108:
2093:
2068:
2053:
2010:
1997:About Music Therapy & AMTA
1568:post-traumatic stress disorder
698:Improvisation in music therapy
693:Improvisation in music therapy
534:
508:post-traumatic stress disorder
187:before and after surgeries to
1:
8930:Philippine art songs—Kundiman
8850:Afghan classical music—Klasik
8742:Physical therapy practice act
8520:Speech and language pathology
7667:Mentalization-based treatment
7577:Psychology of Music (journal)
7120:Eye movement in music reading
6721:Hart, Hugh. (March 23, 2008)
6041:10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70830-0
5278:"World Congress South Africa"
5230:Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy
5165:Pavlicevic, Mercédès (2001).
4247:Avalon GIM Training Australia
3631:10.1080/08098131.2017.1363808
1972:
1906:Eloise (psychiatric hospital)
1825:
1367:
1281:
1034:University of Western Ontario
1001:(AMTA), was founded in 1975.
842:National Institutes of Health
820:Nordoff-Robbins music therapy
237:
10791:Record production portal
10636:Cultural and regional genres
8895:Indonesian art music—Gamelan
7724:Dialectical behavior therapy
7714:Cognitive behavioral therapy
7145:Illusory continuity of tones
6974:Resources in other libraries
6823:Wheeler, Barbara L. (2015).
5383:"Qualifications to practice"
5022:www.themusictherapytrust.com
4926:http://www.emusictherapy.com
3987:Bruscia, Kenneth E. (2014).
3581:10.1371/journal.pone.0240862
1818:Brunonian system of medicine
1658:
1645:Davis–Monthan Air Force Base
1581:
1331:
960:
865:Theoretical Model / Approach
721:
659:decrease in mean GPS score.
467:speech–language pathologists
7:
9407:Music technology (electric)
8945:Thai classical music—Piphat
8900:Japanese court music—Gagaku
7754:Emotionally focused therapy
7591:This Is Your Brain on Music
7570:Music, Thought, and Feeling
7556:Musicae Scientiae (journal)
5675:– via Newspapers.com.
5619:Jennifer, Springer (2013).
3929:Azad, Sonia (May 7, 2018).
3840:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.10.004
2391:. Michigan State University
1873:
1630:
317:
45:. The specific problem is:
10:
10846:
9053:History of the harpsichord
8940:Kandyan dance of Sri Lanka
8546:Physical therapy education
8541:Master of Physical Therapy
8536:Doctor of Physical Therapy
8025:Systematic desensitization
7954:Practitioner–scholar model
7697:Clinical behavior analysis
7364:Neuronal encoding of sound
7334:Melodic intonation therapy
7042:Culture in music cognition
6881:Music Therapy Perspectives
6730:. Section: AR; p. 20.
6605:. New Port Richey, Flor.:
6220:February 15, 2015, at the
5863:Music Therapy Perspectives
5811:(TB Med) 187 (1945): 1–11.
5688:"History of Music Therapy"
5667:. July 9, 1950. p. 27
3879:10.1016/j.rpor.2011.04.005
3780:Music Therapy Perspectives
3767:Music Therapy Perspectives
2921:Music Therapy Perspectives
2649:Crowe, Barbara J. (2007).
2624:Crowe, Barbara J. (2007).
2565:Music Therapy Perspectives
2344:Social Work in Health Care
2204:(2nd ed.), Sound of Light.
2060:Chase, Kristen M. (2002).
1931:Music as a coping strategy
1921:Melodic intonation therapy
1649:Music Institute of Chicago
1560:Operation Enduring Freedom
1528:
1206:
1167:Norwegian Academy of Music
1147:
1104:
1010:History: c. 1940 – present
874:
838:University of Pennsylvania
817:
791:
450:
442:
321:
279:melodic intonation therapy
220:
10764:
10669:
10598:
9598:
9584:
9435:
9345:
9227:
9168:
9090:
9033:
8963:
8880:Chinese traditional music
8840:
8790:
8782:
8717:Allied health professions
8709:
8653:Professional associations
8651:
8554:
8528:
8502:
8416:
8140:
8098:
8035:
7969:
7962:
7921:
7880:
7848:
7787:
7744:
7685:
7647:
7640:
7540:
7402:
7306:
7258:
7090:Consonance and dissonance
7060:
7019:
6969:Resources in your library
6685:(2nd ed.) Sound of Light.
6560:Aldridge, David ( 2000).
6202:The Anatomy of Melancholy
6166:10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z
5771:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.015073
5623:(Thesis). Molloy College.
4315:10.15845/voices.v10i3.568
4119:Handbook of Music Therapy
3706:10.1016/j.aip.2005.02.002
3694:The Arts in Psychotherapy
3416:10.1186/s12888-016-0718-8
3206:10.1007/s11055-010-9301-9
2999:10.1080/02687039008249075
2542:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.035
2316:10.1016/j.chc.2013.03.003
2276:10.1016/j.aip.2011.04.006
2264:The Arts in Psychotherapy
2235:10.1016/j.aip.2011.04.006
2223:The Arts in Psychotherapy
1857:Michigan State University
1761:The Anatomy of Melancholy
1735:Meanings of the Intellect
1160:
1004:
730:
488:
309:
284:
138:
124:
112:
89:
84:
9762:Central African Republic
9305:Computational musicology
8855:Andalusi classical music
8036:Other individual therapy
7379:Psychoanalysis and music
7359:Neurologic music therapy
7293:Music-specific disorders
7105:Embodied music cognition
7095:Deutsch's scale illusion
6844:Journal of Music Therapy
6739:Levinge, Alison (2015).
6621:), religion, sexuality,
6362:Journal of Music Therapy
6276:Kennaway, James (2010).
5823:Journal of Music Therapy
5692:History of Music Therapy
4937:Suvarna Nalapat (2008).
4884:Suvarna Nalapat (2008).
4787:"Was ist Musiktherapie?"
4657:Sayers, Andrew (2001) .
4458:10.15845/voices.v3i3.134
4342:. Barcelona Publishers.
3726:Cochrane, A. L. (1972).
3261:10.3389/fneur.2014.00007
3160:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00533
3048:Manasco, Hunter (2013).
2765:Journal of Music Therapy
2749:10.1177/2059204318769639
2346:. 39:3–4 (3–4): 361–73.
1961:Psychoanalysis and music
1911:Embodied music cognition
1324:Professional association
1112:
1069:
928:multicultural competence
208:Children and adolescents
156:allied health profession
10830:Rehabilitation medicine
10651:Music genres and styles
8955:Western classical music
8925:Persian classical music
8732:Evidence-based practice
8555:Intervention techniques
8058:Cognitive restructuring
7779:Person-centered therapy
7235:Speech-to-song illusion
7047:Evolutionary musicology
6409:JMIR Formative Research
6248:10.1089/act.2004.10.266
5983:"Healing through music"
5309:"Education and Careers"
4479:Bakan, Michael (2012).
4336:Aigen, Kenneth (2005).
3912:Hepato-Gastroenterology
1946:Music therapy in Canada
1564:Operation Iraqi Freedom
1441:Chicago Musical College
1381:§ Western cultures
1222:Ambrose Alli University
1018:§ Western cultures
870:
471:communication disorders
226:musical improvisation.
202:
10631:Classical music genres
9707:Bosnia and Herzegovina
9248:Doctor of Musical Arts
9073:History of the trumpet
8885:Indian classical music
8710:Other related articles
8643:Therapeutic ultrasound
7989:Contingency management
7868:Transtheoretical model
7858:Eclectic psychotherapy
7835:Transactional analysis
7584:The World in Six Songs
7527:William Forde Thompson
7283:Musical hallucinations
6901:Is Rock Music Harmful?
6696:Goodman, K.D. (2011).
6681:Gibson, David (2018).
4194:Music Therapy Handbook
4169:Music Therapy Handbook
4144:Music Therapy Handbook
4094:Music Therapy Handbook
4021:Music Therapy Handbook
3989:Defining Music Therapy
3754:Defining Music Therapy
3248:Frontiers in Neurology
2200:Gibson, David (2018).
1881:Affective neuroscience
1866:§ Usage by region
1824:Music therapy: 1900 –
1804:
1717:Aulus Cornelius Celsus
1605:is missing information
1572:traumatic brain injury
1437:College of the Pacific
1429:Michigan State College
898:responsive interaction
850:Creative Music Therapy
713:Types of music therapy
304:coronary heart disease
10457:São Tomé and Príncipe
10332:Saint Kitts and Nevis
10312:Republic of the Congo
9078:History of the violin
7939:Common factors theory
7903:Residential treatment
7389:Systematic musicology
6634:Music Therapy Program
6325:Reid, Amanda (2020).
6127:The Musical Quarterly
6100:The Musical Quarterly
6035:(Supplement 1): 839.
5733:on September 27, 2006
4415:. New York University
4273:Hayes School of Music
3308:10.1212/wnl.47.6.1504
2352:10.1300/J010v39n03_09
1966:Psychoneuroimmunology
1341:therapists have held
933:Multicultural therapy
894:humanistic psychology
875:Further information:
792:Further information:
745:Models and approaches
10527:United Arab Emirates
9592:
9300:Cognitive musicology
8722:Assistive technology
8515:Occupational therapy
8368:Lorna Smith Benjamin
8203:Harry Stack Sullivan
8128:Sensitivity training
7929:Clinical formulation
7195:Music-related memory
7032:Cognitive musicology
6927:Vomberg, Elizabeth.
6758:, 8/2 (1986), 13–16.
6672:Erlmann, Veit (ed.)
6628:Bruscia, Kenneth E.
6579:Functional Neurology
6294:10.1093/jhmas/jrq004
6139:10.1093/mq/xxx.4.409
6112:10.1093/mq/xxx.4.409
5936:www.musictherapy.org
5908:www.musictherapy.org
5835:10.1093/jmt/33.3.189
5505:on September 8, 2022
5184:10.15845/voices.v1i1
5104:Taylor & Francis
5080:on December 17, 2014
4604:Stone, Ruth (2005).
3752:Bruscia, Kenneth E.
2176:. December 31, 2019.
1916:Expressive therapies
1837:Florence Nightingale
1779:Musurgia Universalis
1433:University of Kansas
1417:Harriet Ayer Seymour
1391:Florence Nightingale
1224:(Ekpoma, Edo State,
1179:University of Bergen
770:cognitive behavioral
563:improve this article
469:to help people with
352:improve this article
52:improve this article
41:to meet Knowledge's
10677:Aesthetics of music
10492:Trinidad and Tobago
9627:Antigua and Barbuda
9111:Band (rock and pop)
9035:Musical instruments
8910:Lao classical music
8658:regulatory agencies
8623:Soft tissue therapy
8100:Group psychotherapy
8011:Counterconditioning
7888:Brief psychotherapy
7759:Existential therapy
7482:Max Friedrich Meyer
7374:Philosophy of music
7369:Performance science
7314:Aesthetics of music
7288:Musician's dystonia
7273:Auditory arrhythmia
7160:Melodic expectation
6893:10.1093/mtp/18.1.13
6856:10.1093/jmt/41.2.90
6806:(3). Archived from
6609:D. Boynton. 2 vol.
6374:10.1093/jmt/thac007
6070:. Greenwood Press.
6029:European Psychiatry
6014:The History Channel
5989:. November 20, 2015
5875:10.1093/mtp/22.2.96
5407:PolicyEngage, LLC.
5054:on February 4, 2015
5028:on October 21, 2013
4998:on October 21, 2013
3572:2020PLoSO..1540862T
2944:Nature Neuroscience
2742:: 205920431876963.
2736:Music & Science
2577:10.1093/mtp/10.1.21
2414:. pp. 153–63.
2143:Music and the Child
1800:Ernst Anton Nicolai
1747:published in 1489,
1435: (1946), the
1060:Capilano University
1045:St. Thomas, Ontario
863:is a music therapy
193:Alzheimer's disease
10739:Musical instrument
10707:Music and politics
9837:Dominican Republic
9585:By sovereign state
8905:Korean court music
8865:Azerbaijani Mugham
8618:Joint mobilization
8613:Joint manipulation
8582:Eccentric training
8228:Milton H. Erickson
8063:Emotion regulation
8043:Autogenic training
7934:Clinical pluralism
7863:Multimodal therapy
7662:Analytical therapy
7541:Books and journals
7462:Carol L. Krumhansl
7180:Music and movement
7135:Glissando illusion
7115:Exercise and music
6913:Vladimir Simosko.
6899:Vladimir Simosko.
6724:The New York Times
4379:steinhardt.nyu.edu
4243:"Training in 2021"
3520:10.1037/pmu0000192
2929:10.1093/mtp/miw021
2777:10.1093/jmt/thx013
1774:Athanasius Kircher
1744:De vita libri tres
1676:treatment modality
1671:Columbian Magazine
981:Northern Territory
914:ethnomusicologists
663:Empirical evidence
10812:
10811:
10697:Music and fashion
10692:Music and emotion
10594:
10593:
9862:Equatorial Guinea
9358:A-side and B-side
9263:Music archaeology
9238:Bachelor of Music
9086:
9085:
9020:Psychedelic music
9015:Progressive music
8935:Scottish Ceòl Mór
8750:
8749:
8633:Strength training
8462:
8461:
8388:William R. Miller
8373:Marsha M. Linehan
8343:Jean Baker Miller
8303:Salvador Minuchin
8183:Ludwig Binswanger
8136:
8135:
7971:Behaviour therapy
7898:Online counseling
7876:
7875:
7815:Narrative therapy
7719:Cognitive therapy
7600:
7599:
7349:Musical acoustics
7225:Sharawadji effect
7205:Musical semantics
7175:Music and emotion
7075:Auditory illusion
6955:Library resources
6931:. Toronto: 1978.
6788:978-1-891278-54-9
6638:Temple University
6077:978-0-313-24261-8
5526:"Recertification"
5438:"State Licensure"
5357:"What is an RMT?"
4980:978-81-89973-69-8
4972:In Indian Context
4950:978-81-89973-72-8
4897:978-81-264-1962-3
4822:978-3-86135-704-9
4763:978-7-5317-4243-2
4409:"Nordoff-Robbins"
4203:978-1-4625-2972-8
4178:978-1-4625-2972-8
4153:978-1-4625-2972-8
4128:978-1-4625-2972-8
4103:978-1-4625-2972-8
4078:978-1-884914-35-5
4030:978-1-4625-2972-8
3805:978-1-84310-413-1
3016:. Pan Macmillan.
1692:Music and healing
1628:
1627:
1439:(1947), The
1407:Margaret Anderton
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1154:the triple method
952:African continent
840:gave rise to the
639:
638:
631:
613:
428:
427:
420:
402:
258:Medical disorders
251:Premature infants
246:Premature infants
149:
148:
80:
79:
72:
43:quality standards
34:This article may
16:Health profession
10837:
10801:
10800:
10789:
10788:
10787:
10777:Music portal
10775:
10774:
10773:
10729:Music technology
10717:Environmentalism
10670:Related articles
10277:Papua New Guinea
10142:Marshall Islands
9589:
9588:
9535:Central American
9273:Music psychology
9158:Backing vocalist
8995:Electronic music
8838:
8837:
8792:History of music
8777:
8770:
8763:
8754:
8753:
8510:Physical therapy
8489:
8482:
8475:
8466:
8465:
8378:Vittorio Guidano
8348:Otto F. Kernberg
8218:Donald Winnicott
8075:Free association
8020:Exposure therapy
7999:Stimulus control
7979:Aversion therapy
7967:
7966:
7830:Systemic therapy
7805:Feminist therapy
7657:Adlerian therapy
7645:
7644:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7604:
7603:
7549:Music Perception
7492:Richard Parncutt
7477:Leonard B. Meyer
7427:Jane W. Davidson
7412:Jamshed Bharucha
7190:Music preference
7085:Background music
7080:Auditory imagery
7013:Music psychology
7006:
6999:
6992:
6983:
6982:
6896:
6875:
6838:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6810:on July 11, 2011
6775:
6711:
6594:
6484:
6483:
6459:
6453:
6452:
6434:
6424:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6305:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6231:
6225:
6212:
6206:
6197:
6191:
6184:
6178:
6177:
6149:
6143:
6142:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6069:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
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5979:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5968:
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5947:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5928:
5919:
5918:
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5900:
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5852:
5845:
5839:
5838:
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5812:
5805:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5786:
5773:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5729:. Archived from
5723:
5717:
5716:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
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5585:
5584:
5566:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5501:. Archived from
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5464:
5453:
5452:
5450:
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5433:
5424:
5423:
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5320:
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5128:
5122:
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5108:
5107:
5096:
5090:
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5087:
5085:
5076:. Archived from
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5050:. Archived from
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5024:. Archived from
5014:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4994:. Archived from
4988:
4982:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4865:on March 3, 2018
4861:. Archived from
4855:
4849:
4848:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4747:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4703:
4697:
4690:George Chaloupka
4687:
4681:
4680:
4664:
4654:
4648:
4643:
4637:
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4634:
4632:
4616:
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4570:
4569:
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4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4460:
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4424:
4422:
4420:
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4399:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4371:
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4360:
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4333:
4327:
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4317:
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4281:
4279:
4264:
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4239:
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4232:
4214:
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4083:
4082:
4064:
4035:
4034:
4016:
4003:
4002:
3984:
3969:
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3966:
3964:
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3940:
3938:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3907:
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3900:
3890:
3858:
3852:
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3823:
3817:
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3679:
3678:
3660:
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3650:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3583:
3566:(11): e0240862.
3551:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3508:Psychomusicology
3499:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3450:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3374:
3349:(10): CD006911.
3334:
3328:
3327:
3302:(6): 1504–1511.
3290:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3263:
3239:
3226:
3225:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3089:
3066:
3065:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2939:
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2916:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2835:
2818:(12): CD006577.
2803:
2797:
2796:
2760:
2754:
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2751:
2727:
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2710:
2678:
2665:
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2646:
2640:
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2615:
2614:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2475:(11): CD004517.
2460:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2433:
2407:
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2400:
2398:
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2255:
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2112:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2047:Music in Therapy
2042:
2033:
2032:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1951:Music psychology
1936:Musical analysis
1845:Music and Health
1830:
1827:
1807:
1687:Western cultures
1623:
1620:
1614:
1598:
1590:
1403:Music and Health
1372:
1369:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
904:Cultural aspects
829:Juilliard School
782:biomedical model
634:
627:
623:
620:
614:
612:
571:
547:
539:
423:
416:
412:
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403:
401:
360:
336:
328:
189:neuropathologies
142:edit on Wikidata
134:
94:
82:
81:
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
29:
28:
21:
10845:
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10836:
10835:
10834:
10815:
10814:
10813:
10808:
10785:
10783:
10771:
10769:
10760:
10687:Fictional music
10665:
10590:
10397:Solomon Islands
10242:North Macedonia
9594:
9580:
9442:
9440:regional genres
9439:
9431:
9397:Record producer
9341:
9330:Sociomusicology
9315:Ethnomusicology
9243:Master of Music
9223:
9182:
9164:
9121:All-female band
9104:
9082:
9029:
8966:
8959:
8915:Mandé art music
8890:Byzantine music
8836:
8786:
8781:
8751:
8746:
8737:Pain management
8705:
8655:
8647:
8599:(Thermotherapy)
8562:Aquatic therapy
8550:
8524:
8498:
8493:
8463:
8458:
8412:
8393:Steven C. Hayes
8323:Paul Watzlawick
8308:Paul Watzlawick
8263:Virginia Axline
8173:Sándor Ferenczi
8132:
8113:Couples therapy
8094:
8068:Affect labeling
8031:
8016:Desensitization
7958:
7944:Discontinuation
7917:
7872:
7844:
7825:Reality therapy
7783:
7769:Gestalt therapy
7740:
7688:
7681:
7636:
7631:
7601:
7596:
7536:
7422:Robert Cutietta
7398:
7384:Sociomusicology
7339:Music education
7324:Ethnomusicology
7302:
7254:
7250:Tritone paradox
7215:Octave illusion
7200:Musical gesture
7165:Melodic fission
7155:Lipps–Meyer law
7125:Franssen effect
7056:
7052:Psychoacoustics
7015:
7010:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6946:
6941:
6903:Winnipeg: 1987
6835:
6813:
6811:
6708:
6597:Boynton, Dori,
6556:
6554:Further reading
6493:
6488:
6487:
6460:
6456:
6401:
6397:
6354:
6350:
6323:
6319:
6274:
6270:
6259:
6255:
6232:
6228:
6222:Wayback Machine
6213:
6209:
6198:
6194:
6185:
6181:
6160:(4): 357–377 .
6150:
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5981:
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5966:
5964:
5963:. June 12, 2018
5955:
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5849:Literary Digest
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4704:
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4694:Journey in Time
4688:
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4079:
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4038:
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4017:
4006:
3999:
3985:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3958:The Japan Times
3950:
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3923:
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3859:
3855:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3790:
3786:
3777:
3773:
3769:, 26(1), 51–55.
3764:
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3686:
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3675:
3661:
3654:
3611:
3607:
3552:
3545:
3500:
3496:
3465:(5): CD004025.
3451:
3442:
3395:
3388:
3335:
3331:
3291:
3287:
3240:
3229:
3190:
3186:
3139:
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3090:
3069:
3062:
3046:
3039:
3024:
3010:
3006:
2983:
2979:
2940:
2936:
2917:
2906:
2875:(1): CD006787.
2861:
2857:
2804:
2800:
2761:
2757:
2728:
2724:
2693:(9): CD013472.
2679:
2668:
2661:
2647:
2643:
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2199:
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2186:
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2138:
2134:
2127:
2113:
2109:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2073:
2069:
2058:
2054:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1956:Psychoacoustics
1941:Music cognition
1926:Music and sleep
1876:
1832:
1828:
1814:
1752:Marsilio Ficino
1694:
1689:
1661:
1633:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1584:
1531:
1526:
1474:Nordoff-Robbins
1461:
1445:Alverno College
1375:
1370:
1359:
1334:
1326:
1284:
1279:
1250:
1209:
1163:
1150:
1115:
1107:
1072:
1064:North Vancouver
1038:London, Ontario
1012:
1007:
994:
968:
963:
954:
949:
947:Usage by region
922:
906:
879:
873:
861:Nordoff-Robbins
822:
816:
814:Nordoff-Robbins
796:
790:
759:Nordoff-Robbins
747:
733:
724:
715:
686:
665:
651:
635:
624:
618:
615:
578:"Music therapy"
572:
570:
560:
548:
537:
528:
503:
495:music therapist
491:
455:
445:
424:
413:
407:
404:
367:"Music therapy"
361:
359:
349:
337:
326:
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30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10843:
10833:
10832:
10827:
10810:
10809:
10807:
10806:
10794:
10780:
10765:
10762:
10761:
10759:
10758:
10756:Women in music
10753:
10752:
10751:
10746:
10744:Classification
10736:
10731:
10726:
10724:Music festival
10721:
10720:
10719:
10714:
10704:
10702:Music industry
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
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10673:
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10613:
10608:
10602:
10600:
10596:
10595:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10572:Western Sahara
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10532:United Kingdom
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
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10169:
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10144:
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10124:
10119:
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10104:
10099:
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10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
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10039:
10034:
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10024:
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10014:
10009:
10004:
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9979:
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9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9812:Czech Republic
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9596:
9595:
9586:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9578:
9577:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9556:
9555:
9554:
9547:North American
9544:
9543:
9542:
9540:South American
9537:
9530:Latin American
9527:
9526:
9525:
9520:
9510:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9496:Middle Eastern
9493:
9488:
9478:
9477:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9445:
9443:
9436:
9433:
9432:
9430:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9387:Audio engineer
9384:
9383:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9362:
9361:
9360:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9339:
9338:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9320:New musicology
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9287:
9286:
9285:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9234:
9232:
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9222:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9185:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9175:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9155:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9129:
9128:
9126:Rhythm section
9123:
9118:
9107:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9097:
9091:
9088:
9087:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9039:
9037:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8971:
8969:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8846:
8844:
8835:
8834:
8829:
8828:
8827:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8796:
8794:
8788:
8787:
8780:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8757:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8713:
8711:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8662:
8660:
8649:
8648:
8646:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8594:
8589:
8587:Electrotherapy
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8558:
8556:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8532:
8530:
8526:
8525:
8523:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8506:
8504:
8500:
8499:
8492:
8491:
8484:
8477:
8469:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8420:
8418:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8363:Arnold Lazarus
8360:
8358:Irvin D. Yalom
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8333:Eugene Gendlin
8330:
8325:
8320:
8318:Ogden Lindsley
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8293:Virginia Satir
8290:
8285:
8283:James Bugental
8280:
8278:Silvano Arieti
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8148:Philippe Pinel
8144:
8142:
8138:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8118:Family therapy
8115:
8110:
8104:
8102:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8060:
8055:
8053:Clean language
8050:
8045:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8013:
8008:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7986:
7981:
7975:
7973:
7964:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7925:
7923:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7913:Support groups
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7854:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7791:
7789:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7750:
7748:
7742:
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7738:
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7731:
7726:
7721:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7704:
7693:
7691:
7687:Cognitive and
7683:
7682:
7680:
7679:
7674:
7672:Psychoanalysis
7669:
7664:
7659:
7653:
7651:
7642:
7638:
7637:
7630:
7629:
7622:
7615:
7607:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7587:
7580:
7573:
7566:
7559:
7552:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7472:Daniel Levitin
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7447:Henkjan Honing
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7408:
7406:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7396:
7391:
7386:
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7366:
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7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
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7316:
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7308:
7307:Related fields
7304:
7303:
7301:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7220:Relative pitch
7217:
7212:
7210:Musical syntax
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7150:Levitin effect
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7070:Absolute pitch
7066:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7023:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7009:
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6945:
6944:External links
6942:
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6834:978-1891278266
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6368:(3): 269–306.
6348:
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5987:U.S. Air Force
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5840:
5829:(3): 189–207.
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4676:978-0192842145
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4489:
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4413:NYU Steinhardt
4400:
4391:
4366:
4355:
4348:
4328:
4285:
4259:
4234:
4228:978-1884914201
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3700:(2): 131–143.
3680:
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3625:(2): 142–157.
3605:
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3514:(4): 334–342.
3494:
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3403:BMC Psychiatry
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3227:
3200:(6): 593–602.
3184:
3133:
3067:
3060:
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3023:978-1509870141
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2993:(3): 221–231.
2977:
2956:10.1038/nn1050
2950:(5): 448–450.
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2660:978-1884914188
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2635:978-1884914188
2634:
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2582:
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2520:
2455:
2446:|journal=
2428:
2402:
2373:
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2291:
2270:(3): 185–189.
2250:
2206:
2193:
2179:
2159:
2152:
2132:
2126:978-1843107712
2125:
2107:
2092:
2086:978-1884914201
2085:
2067:
2052:
2034:
2028:978-0761957775
2027:
2009:
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1522:
1512:, was held in
1470:Mary Priestley
1466:Juliette Alvin
1460:
1459:United Kingdom
1457:
1412:Isa Maud Ilsen
1374:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1333:
1330:
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1275:
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1199:as individual
1162:
1159:
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1114:
1111:
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1103:
1071:
1068:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
993:
990:
979:region of the
967:
964:
962:
959:
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950:
948:
945:
921:
918:
905:
902:
883:Orff Schulwerk
877:Orff Schulwerk
872:
869:
818:Main article:
815:
812:
804:Guided imagery
794:Guided imagery
789:
786:
746:
743:
732:
729:
723:
720:
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685:
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647:
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551:
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502:
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490:
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451:Main article:
444:
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340:
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322:Main article:
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97:Power of Music
95:
87:
86:
78:
77:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10842:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10825:Music therapy
10823:
10822:
10820:
10805:
10804:
10795:
10793:
10792:
10781:
10779:
10778:
10767:
10766:
10763:
10757:
10754:
10750:
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10741:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10734:Music therapy
10732:
10730:
10727:
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10558:
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10553:
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10548:
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10537:United States
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10523:
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10473:
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10458:
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10360:
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10355:
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10097:Liechtenstein
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9975:
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9968:
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9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9952:Guinea-Bissau
9950:
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9935:
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9678:
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9673:
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9462:
9460:
9457:
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9451:
9450:
9447:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9438:Cultural and
9434:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
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9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9366:
9365:Extended play
9363:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9354:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9344:
9336:
9335:Zoomusicology
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9310:Ecomusicology
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9295:Biomusicology
9293:
9292:
9291:
9288:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9268:Music history
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9226:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9204:Improvisation
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9167:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9153:Lead vocalist
9151:
9150:
9149:
9148:Military band
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9113:
9112:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9092:
9089:
9079:
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9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9036:
9032:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
9000:Hip hop music
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8990:Country music
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8970:
8968:
8962:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8920:Ottoman music
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
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8826:
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8818:
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8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
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8795:
8793:
8789:
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8778:
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8771:
8766:
8764:
8759:
8758:
8755:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8708:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8659:
8654:
8650:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8608:Iontophoresis
8606:
8604:
8601:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8592:Gait training
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
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8534:
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8527:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8490:
8485:
8483:
8478:
8476:
8471:
8470:
8467:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8421:
8419:
8415:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8403:Jeffrey Young
8401:
8399:
8398:Michael White
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8383:Les Greenberg
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8268:Carl Whitaker
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8248:Viktor Frankl
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8233:Jacques Lacan
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8223:Wilhelm Reich
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8188:Melanie Klein
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8158:Sigmund Freud
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8139:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8034:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8005:
8004:Token economy
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7972:
7968:
7965:
7961:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7920:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7883:
7879:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7851:
7847:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7810:Music therapy
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7800:Dance therapy
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7786:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7743:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7712:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7698:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7684:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7650:
7649:Psychodynamic
7646:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7634:Psychotherapy
7628:
7623:
7621:
7616:
7614:
7609:
7608:
7605:
7593:
7592:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7574:
7572:
7571:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7553:
7551:
7550:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7532:Sandra Trehub
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7512:Roger Shepard
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7502:Carl Seashore
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7487:James Mursell
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7442:Tuomas Eerola
7440:
7438:
7437:Diana Deutsch
7435:
7433:
7432:Irène Deliège
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7401:
7395:
7394:Zoomusicology
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7344:Music therapy
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7305:
7299:
7298:Tone deafness
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7278:Beat deafness
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7257:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7170:Mozart effect
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7027:Biomusicology
7025:
7024:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7007:
7002:
7000:
6995:
6993:
6988:
6987:
6984:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6960:Music therapy
6956:
6951:
6950:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6902:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6850:(2): 90–106.
6849:
6845:
6840:
6836:
6830:
6826:
6821:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6792:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6768:Age in Action
6765:
6760:
6757:
6753:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6703:
6699:
6694:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6619:music therapy
6616:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6585:(4): 187–91.
6584:
6580:
6575:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6558:
6548:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6458:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6422:10.2196/28383
6418:
6415:(8): e28383.
6414:
6410:
6406:
6399:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6352:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6321:
6313:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6272:
6264:
6257:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6211:
6204:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6183:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6148:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6121:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6094:
6079:
6073:
6068:
6067:
6058:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6030:
6023:
6015:
6011:
6004:
5988:
5984:
5978:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5925:
5909:
5905:
5899:
5892:
5887:
5885:
5876:
5872:
5869:(2): 96–103.
5868:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5804:
5797:
5792:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5748:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5714:
5708:
5693:
5689:
5682:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5641:
5637:
5630:
5622:
5615:
5613:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5591:
5582:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5531:
5527:
5520:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5489:
5474:
5470:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5430:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5388:
5384:
5377:
5362:
5358:
5351:
5336:
5332:
5325:
5310:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5257:
5253:
5246:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5185:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5113:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5013:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4968:Music Therapy
4965:
4960:
4952:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4913:
4907:
4899:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4880:
4864:
4860:
4859:"Iamt.net.in"
4854:
4846:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4792:
4791:Musiktherapie
4788:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4746:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4702:
4695:
4691:
4686:
4678:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4653:
4647:
4642:
4626:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4600:
4592:
4590:0-471-38629-4
4586:
4582:
4575:
4567:
4565:9781937440978
4561:
4557:
4550:
4542:
4540:9781937440978
4536:
4532:
4525:
4517:
4515:9781937440978
4511:
4507:
4500:
4492:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4395:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4359:
4351:
4349:9781891278372
4345:
4341:
4340:
4332:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4290:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4230:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4205:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4180:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4130:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4105:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4000:
3998:9781937440589
3994:
3990:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3932:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3873:(5): 170–72.
3872:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3807:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3781:
3775:
3768:
3762:
3755:
3749:
3742:
3736:
3729:
3723:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3674:9781847876317
3670:
3666:
3665:Music Therapy
3659:
3657:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3548:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3063:
3061:9780763794170
3057:
3053:
3052:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2771:(4): 432–59.
2770:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2605:(3): 111–18.
2604:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2489:10044/1/56028
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2439:
2431:
2429:9780199586974
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2310:(3): 535–53.
2309:
2305:
2298:
2296:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2229:(3): 185–89.
2228:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2153:9781942341208
2149:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2013:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Chronobiology
1894:
1892:
1891:Biomusicology
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1821:
1819:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1756:Robert Burton
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1727:Turco-Persian
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1666:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1622:
1619:November 2020
1612:
1606:
1603:This section
1601:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1521:
1519:
1518:schizophrenic
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1447:(1948)." The
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:Eva Vescelius
1396:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1363:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1321:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1277:United States
1274:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:Witch doctors
1214:
1204:
1202:
1201:psychotherapy
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Grieg Academy
1172:
1168:
1158:
1155:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1002:
1000:
989:
987:
982:
978:
974:
958:
944:
942:
936:
934:
930:
929:
917:
915:
911:
901:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
878:
868:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Clive Robbins
830:
826:
821:
811:
807:
805:
799:
795:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:psychodynamic
762:
760:
755:
752:
742:
739:
728:
719:
710:
706:
702:
699:
694:
690:
684:Interventions
681:
677:
673:
669:
660:
657:
646:
644:
633:
630:
622:
611:
608:
604:
601:
597:
594:
590:
587:
583:
580: –
579:
575:
574:Find sources:
568:
564:
558:
557:
552:This article
550:
546:
541:
540:
532:
523:
519:
515:
511:
509:
501:Mental health
498:
496:
486:
482:
478:
474:
472:
468:
463:
460:
454:
449:
440:
436:
432:
422:
419:
411:
408:December 2020
400:
397:
393:
390:
386:
383:
379:
376:
372:
369: –
368:
364:
363:Find sources:
357:
353:
347:
346:
341:This article
339:
335:
330:
329:
325:
315:
307:
305:
298:Heart disease
295:
291:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
255:
252:
243:
235:
231:
227:
218:
214:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:stress relief
181:
178:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
157:
153:
152:Music therapy
143:
137:
133:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
115:
111:
106:
102:
101:Louis Gallait
98:
93:
88:
85:Music therapy
83:
74:
71:
63:
53:
48:
44:
40:
39:
32:
23:
22:
19:
10796:
10782:
10768:
10733:
10557:Vatican City
10507:Turkmenistan
10407:South Africa
10377:Sierra Leone
10357:Saudi Arabia
9732:Burkina Faso
9392:Record label
9278:Music school
9138:Concert band
9048:Angular harp
8975:Circus music
8860:Arabic music
8603:Hydrotherapy
8597:Heat therapy
8417:Associations
8408:Peter Fonagy
8353:Nathan Azrin
8328:Arthur Janov
8288:Joseph Wolpe
8273:Albert Ellis
8253:George Kelly
8238:Erik Erikson
8198:Karen Horney
8168:Alfred Adler
8163:Pierre Janet
8153:Josef Breuer
8085:Hypnotherapy
7820:Play therapy
7809:
7589:
7582:
7575:
7568:
7563:Musicophilia
7561:
7554:
7547:
7517:John Sloboda
7497:Oliver Sacks
7467:Fred Lerdahl
7358:
7343:
7319:Bioacoustics
7245:Tonal memory
7230:Shepard tone
6959:
6947:
6928:
6914:
6900:
6887:(1): 13–22.
6884:
6880:
6847:
6843:
6824:
6814:February 14,
6812:. Retrieved
6808:the original
6803:
6799:
6771:
6767:
6755:
6740:
6733:
6722:
6697:
6682:
6674:
6659:
6644:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6582:
6578:
6562:
6502:
6491:Bibliography
6471:
6467:
6457:
6412:
6408:
6398:
6365:
6361:
6351:
6334:
6330:
6320:
6285:
6281:
6271:
6262:
6256:
6239:
6235:
6229:
6210:
6200:
6195:
6187:
6182:
6157:
6153:
6147:
6130:
6126:
6120:
6103:
6099:
6093:
6081:. Retrieved
6065:
6057:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6013:
6003:
5991:. Retrieved
5986:
5977:
5965:. Retrieved
5960:
5951:
5939:. Retrieved
5935:
5911:. Retrieved
5907:
5898:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5848:
5843:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5808:
5803:
5791:
5783:
5764:(5): 405–9.
5761:
5757:
5747:
5737:February 14,
5735:. Retrieved
5731:the original
5721:
5707:
5695:. Retrieved
5691:
5681:
5669:. Retrieved
5664:
5655:
5643:. Retrieved
5639:
5629:
5620:
5602:
5598:
5570:
5535:December 31,
5533:. Retrieved
5530:Certificants
5529:
5519:
5507:. Retrieved
5503:the original
5498:
5488:
5476:. Retrieved
5472:
5447:November 20,
5445:. Retrieved
5441:
5416:. Retrieved
5412:
5402:
5392:December 31,
5390:. Retrieved
5386:
5376:
5364:. Retrieved
5360:
5350:
5338:. Retrieved
5334:
5324:
5314:December 31,
5312:. Retrieved
5287:December 26,
5285:. Retrieved
5281:
5271:
5261:December 26,
5259:. Retrieved
5255:
5245:
5235:December 30,
5233:. Retrieved
5229:
5219:
5209:December 30,
5207:. Retrieved
5203:
5193:
5174:
5170:
5143:. Retrieved
5139:
5126:
5112:
5103:
5094:
5082:. Retrieved
5078:the original
5068:
5056:. Retrieved
5052:the original
5042:
5030:. Retrieved
5026:the original
5021:
5012:
5000:. Retrieved
4996:the original
4986:
4971:
4967:
4964:Ragachikitsa
4963:
4959:
4939:
4932:
4920:
4906:
4886:
4879:
4867:. Retrieved
4863:the original
4853:
4845:"Index of /"
4839:
4812:
4806:
4794:. Retrieved
4790:
4780:
4752:
4750:赵小明 (2018).
4745:
4734:
4723:
4712:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4660:
4652:
4641:
4629:. Retrieved
4624:
4614:
4605:
4599:
4580:
4574:
4555:
4549:
4530:
4524:
4505:
4499:
4480:
4474:
4464:November 11,
4462:. Retrieved
4448:
4444:
4419:November 11,
4417:. Retrieved
4412:
4403:
4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4378:
4369:
4358:
4338:
4331:
4321:November 13,
4319:. Retrieved
4305:
4301:
4278:December 26,
4276:. Retrieved
4272:
4262:
4252:December 26,
4250:. Retrieved
4246:
4237:
4218:
4212:
4193:
4187:
4168:
4162:
4143:
4137:
4118:
4112:
4093:
4087:
4068:
4020:
3988:
3961:. Retrieved
3957:
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3924:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3834:(1): 71–77.
3831:
3827:
3821:
3811:November 27,
3809:. Retrieved
3794:
3787:
3779:
3774:
3766:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3740:
3735:
3727:
3722:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3664:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3563:
3559:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3462:
3458:
3406:
3402:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3251:
3247:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3101:
3097:
3050:
3013:
3007:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2920:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2690:
2686:
2650:
2644:
2625:
2619:
2602:
2598:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2411:
2405:
2393:. Retrieved
2388:
2376:
2343:
2307:
2303:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2226:
2222:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2182:
2171:
2162:
2142:
2135:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2046:
2018:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:
1976:
1901:Dispokinesis
1863:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1833:
1815:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1759:
1742:
1734:
1695:
1681:
1669:
1662:
1653:
1638:
1634:
1616:
1604:
1585:
1576:
1557:
1553:
1540:World War II
1532:
1482:
1478:Paul Nordoff
1462:
1453:
1448:
1431:(1944), the
1425:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1387:
1383:sub-section.
1378:
1377:
1376:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1318:
1288:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:South Africa
1210:
1190:
1186:
1164:
1151:
1143:
1139:Ragachikitsa
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1057:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1024:
1020:sub-section.
1015:
1014:
1013:
995:
969:
955:
940:
937:
926:
923:
909:
907:
897:
891:
880:
864:
860:
858:
853:
849:
845:
825:Paul Nordoff
823:
808:
800:
797:
763:
756:
750:
748:
734:
725:
716:
707:
703:
691:
687:
678:
674:
670:
666:
655:
652:
640:
625:
616:
606:
599:
592:
585:
573:
561:Please help
556:verification
553:
529:
520:
516:
512:
504:
492:
483:
479:
475:
464:
459:Oliver Sacks
457:Neurologist
456:
446:
437:
433:
429:
414:
405:
395:
388:
381:
374:
362:
350:Please help
345:verification
342:
313:
301:
292:
288:
264:
261:
249:
241:
232:
228:
224:
215:
211:
182:
179:
176:
164:
160:
151:
150:
96:
66:
57:
50:Please help
46:
35:
18:
10661:Terminology
10641:Instruments
10447:Switzerland
10417:South Sudan
10412:South Korea
10337:Saint Lucia
10292:Philippines
10237:North Korea
10217:New Zealand
10212:Netherlands
10017:Ivory Coast
9857:El Salvador
9602:Afghanistan
9569:Micronesian
9370:Compilation
9283:Composition
9178:Composition
9143:Disc jockey
9116:Backup band
9043:Arched Harp
8800:Prehistoric
8572:Debridement
8567:Cryotherapy
8338:R. D. Laing
8313:Haim Ginott
8243:Carl Rogers
8208:Fritz Perls
8123:Psychodrama
8048:Biofeedback
7850:Integrative
7795:Art therapy
7774:Logotherapy
7522:Carl Stumpf
7452:David Huron
7404:Researchers
7110:Entrainment
6474:: 950–969.
5697:November 1,
5509:November 1,
5478:October 30,
5418:October 30,
5282:WFMT Events
5084:January 29,
5058:January 29,
4627:. TokenRock
3782:, 4, 13–18.
2987:Aphasiology
2923:: 181–189.
2536:: 647–656.
1886:Art therapy
1841:Crimean War
1829: 1940
1794:, the 1737
1788:Veritophili
1766:melancholia
1722:Hippocrates
1705:Aesculapius
1570:(PTSD) and
1498:South Wales
1443:(1948) and
1395:Crimean War
1371: 1900
1197:social work
1137:(2008) and
986:Arnhem Land
778:existential
535:Bereavement
171:entrainment
167:songwriting
54:if you can.
10819:Categories
10547:Uzbekistan
10467:Tajikistan
10372:Seychelles
10352:San Marino
10187:Mozambique
10177:Montenegro
10147:Mauritania
10112:Madagascar
10107:Luxembourg
10062:Kyrgyzstan
10037:Kazakhstan
9842:East Timor
9792:Costa Rica
9757:Cape Verde
9667:Bangladesh
9652:Azerbaijan
9574:Polynesian
9564:Melanesian
9346:Production
9325:Organology
9290:Musicology
9025:Soul music
8980:Folk music
8965:Vernacular
8727:Disability
8298:Aaron Beck
8213:Anna Freud
8108:Co-therapy
7963:Techniques
7893:Counseling
7881:Approaches
7746:Humanistic
7689:behavioral
7507:Max Schoen
7457:Nina Kraus
7417:Lola Cuddy
7354:Musicology
6572:1853027766
6133:(4): 410.
5645:January 1,
5366:January 1,
5340:January 1,
5140:ajol.info/
4796:January 2,
4772:1103761472
4753:本土化音乐治疗与实操
4625:Token Rock
3963:August 16,
3937:August 16,
3032:1019654325
2395:August 23,
2285:10344/3362
2244:10344/3362
2002:January 2,
1973:References
1520:patients.
1486:Manchester
1282:Credential
1173:, and the
1084:Xu Lingtai
780:, and the
774:humanistic
589:newspapers
378:newspapers
271:dysarthria
238:Assessment
60:March 2023
10682:Album era
10562:Venezuela
10427:Sri Lanka
10382:Singapore
10267:Palestine
10222:Nicaragua
10152:Mauritius
10102:Lithuania
9987:Indonesia
9942:Guatemala
9642:Australia
9632:Argentina
9552:Caribbean
9506:Southeast
9231:and study
9229:Education
9219:Technique
9100:Ensembles
9010:Pop music
8842:Art music
8820:Religious
8638:Traction
8577:Diathermy
8529:Education
8258:Rollo May
8193:Otto Rank
8178:Carl Jung
7908:Self-help
7260:Disorders
6937:316014578
6923:184852242
6909:757688822
6774:(3): 1–5.
6083:April 21,
5993:March 28,
5967:March 28,
5941:March 28,
5913:March 28,
5671:March 22,
5605:(2): 290.
5413:TrackBill
5145:March 31,
5032:April 23,
4696:, p. 189.
4631:August 5,
3714:0197-4556
3647:148824220
3639:0809-8131
3363:1469-493X
3296:Neurology
3104:: 431–6.
2571:: 21–26.
2497:1469-493X
2448:ignored (
2438:cite book
1749:Platonist
1741:. In his
1731:al-Farabi
1713:Aristotle
1611:talk page
1502:Edinburgh
1494:Cambridge
1366:History:
1332:Education
1238:aerophone
961:Australia
943:, 2011).
887:Carl Orff
722:Receptive
709:therapy.
643:DSM-IV TR
619:June 2022
10803:Category
10616:Timeline
10587:Zimbabwe
10477:Thailand
10472:Tanzania
10437:Suriname
10392:Slovenia
10387:Slovakia
10302:Portugal
10282:Paraguay
10257:Pakistan
10172:Mongolia
10127:Maldives
10122:Malaysia
10047:Kiribati
9967:Honduras
9882:Ethiopia
9877:Eswatini
9832:Dominica
9827:Djibouti
9782:Colombia
9747:Cameroon
9742:Cambodia
9727:Bulgaria
9712:Botswana
9672:Barbados
9559:Oceanian
9513:European
9469:Southern
9402:Sampling
9199:Notation
9133:Big band
9095:Musician
8825:Biblical
8090:Modeling
8080:Homework
7984:Chaining
7922:Research
7764:Focusing
6872:38696989
6864:15307805
6601:(1991).
6599:compiler
6591:17367577
6536:457–506.
6523:118–128.
6441:34319241
6382:35932195
6337:: 1–44.
6312:20219729
6218:Archived
6174:38740431
6049:74635824
5780:17077429
5387:Advocacy
5002:July 17,
4869:March 1,
4831:41699130
3897:24376975
3848:25458447
3600:33206656
3560:PLOS ONE
3538:29290641
3489:28553702
3435:26812906
3381:34637527
3324:29742900
3280:24478754
3222:28786230
3214:20532830
3179:27847473
3128:19673819
2964:12704393
2899:28103638
2850:16861063
2842:24374731
2785:29186566
2717:37675934
2708:10483930
2550:28889050
2515:29144545
2368:25035875
2360:15774401
2324:24975624
1874:See also
1868:section.
1802:'s 1745
1796:Memoires
1631:Programs
1373:–present
1133:(2008),
1049:Montreal
973:rock art
318:Dementia
306:(CHD).
290:autism.
191:such as
114:ICD-9-CM
36:require
10712:Warfare
10611:Outline
10567:Vietnam
10552:Vanuatu
10542:Uruguay
10522:Ukraine
10497:Tunisia
10402:Somalia
10362:Senegal
10317:Romania
10232:Nigeria
10197:Namibia
10192:Myanmar
10182:Morocco
10162:Moldova
10087:Liberia
10082:Lesotho
10077:Lebanon
10022:Jamaica
10002:Ireland
9977:Iceland
9972:Hungary
9937:Grenada
9922:Germany
9917:Georgia
9897:Finland
9872:Estonia
9867:Eritrea
9847:Ecuador
9822:Denmark
9797:Croatia
9787:Comoros
9737:Burundi
9702:Bolivia
9682:Belgium
9677:Belarus
9662:Bahrain
9657:Bahamas
9647:Austria
9637:Armenia
9617:Andorra
9612:Algeria
9607:Albania
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