1084:. The federal government does fund quite a few projects in many cities, like major transit and roads. These funds come from a variety of federal programs like P3 Canada, where a private company/consortia does a percentage of a project, construction, operations, maintenance, financing and designing, the Building Canada Fund, where major projects can receive federal funds for a project. Unlike many US projects and cities, most projects only get approximately a quarter of their funds from the federal government, and they are not obligated to have a certain amount of the work done by Canadians or Canadian companies.
2442:
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884:, three municipalities are designated as "regional municipalities". A regional municipality is a single municipal government covering an entire historical county including all formerly incorporated towns and cities within the county. Within the three regional municipalities, designations such as "city" and "town" exist only as informal signifiers for historically chartered towns and cities that used to exist prior to the establishment of the regional municipality.
44:
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decisions together."... "A First
Nations reserve is not part of any municipality. The federal government takes responsibility for First Nations reserves."... "Local authorities are areas in Alberta that provide local government. A municipality is considered to be a local authority. Examples of local authorities are municipalities, improvement districts and special areas, as well as regional health authorities and school district authorities.
787:
various forms including cities, towns and villages. There are also innumerable specific purpose authorities. In
Ontario province alone there are at least 2000 of these bodies, including 'police commissions, health units, conservation authorities, public utilities commissions, parks boards and school boards' (Tindal & Tindal 1995, p. 2). Schools are usually provided locally by school boards, with the 'school trustees' being elected.
1610:, but further discussion about reform reared its head in the 1970s. In many cities, the system of having a few very large wards encompassing many different walks of life was replaced with one ward for every area with different demographics; this was to ensure that councillors would not have conflicting interests between the well-off and those not so. The arguments over municipal government reform continue, seen in the recent
1595:. It also established a hierarchy of types of municipal governments, starting at the top with cities and continued down past towns, villages and finally townships. Changes to the boundaries of these new governments could be made by petitioning the provincial Municipal Board or by requesting a change through the legislature.
1603:â this form of government was not for advancing a certain political party's view, it was for sitting down and running it 'like a business'. As such, the idea that a larger municipality should have more councillors was the same as having a large board of directors for a larger company, i.e., not functionally possible.
1138:
In Canada, 83% of the municipal government revenue is raised through their own sources, and legally their accounts cannot go into deficit, safeguarding the provinces from unintentionally guaranteeing their municipal governments' debts. The majority of funding for
Canadian municipal governments comes
1751:
Municipal government is local government that is created by the province to provide essential and desired services to communities. Municipal government works within communities to represent the interests and goals of community members, provide services to citizens, and encourage them to make local
786:
The organisation of local government is complex. For instance, in some provinces there are several tiers of local government: regional governments, county governments and municipal governments. There are also special service districts in some unincorporated areas. Municipal local governments take
763:, which is a local council authority which provides local services, facilities, safety and infrastructure for communities. Municipal governments are local general-purpose authorities which provide services to all residents within a defined geographic area called a municipality.
1564:, which received royal approval in 1785. For municipal government, this began an almost 50-year hiatus of receiving approval from the government, ending in the 1830s when the issue was placed on the agenda once again. In 1835, the British parliament passed the
892:
In Canada, the types of municipal government vary between provinces, although they all perform the same functions. The general hierarchy was established in 1849 with the passing of the
Municipal Corporations Act. The largest municipalities are usually called
1009:
While many municipal governments have different functions to others (urban vs. rural, etc.), and vary from province to province, most of the services and functions they perform are effectively the same. Functions of municipal governments can include:
828:
In each
Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to ⊠Municipal Institutions in the Province." There are about 3,700 municipal governments in Canada. Municipal governments are established under provincial/territorial authority.
1024:
Planning and development. In order to build an extension on to a house, for example, a municipal government permit or certificate of approval may be required. They are also responsible for administering industrial, residential and commercial
1087:
Since each province is responsible for creating local governments in its own territory, the names, functions, and powers of local bodies vary widely across the country. Local governments generally have limited powers, namely creating local
860:
In some provinces, several municipalities in a particular area are also part of an upper tier of municipal government, which provides more regionally oriented services. Depending on the province, this second tier may be called a
1598:
By the early 20th century, Canada was deeply involved in a period of municipal reform. An attempt to distinguish municipal government from the provincial legislature occurred, and the municipal governments were compared with a
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Due to the control that the provinces have over their municipal governments, terms that councillors serve vary from province to province. Unlike most provincial elections, municipal elections are usually held on a fixed date.
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Finance and collecting municipality taxes. Most municipalities (with the exception of some rural ones) have the power to collect taxes in order to provide the services mentioned in this list. Almost 10% of the national
2721:
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951:, there is no legal distinction between cities and towns â although an informal and subjective distinction may be observed by English speakers, legally all "cities" and "towns" in Quebec have the same status of
2701:
2403:
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Transportation. Whilst municipal governments may not be responsible for large highways, small roads and tracks usually come under their control. Additionally, municipal governments may operate bus and train
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Management of the local policing and firefighting stations. Whilst this comes under the jurisdiction of the provincial government in some areas, it is not uncommon to see municipal police and fire stations.
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Education management or funding school boards. In many municipalities, the school board is voted indirectly by the people and funded by the municipal government itself from the taxes it collects.
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841:. While the municipality has autonomy on most decisions, all by-laws passed by that municipal government are subject to change by the provincial government at any time.
1568:, which specified how municipalities were to function and be elected. The ideas from this law were transferred to Canada by Lord Durham, who submitted a report to then-
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and
Indigenous. Municipalities are subordinate (delegated) governance entities existing at the pleasure of provinces and territories. According to Section 92(8) of the
2531:
1576:. In late 1840 to early 1841, the governments of what was Canada at the time enacted various acts which established municipal government in all areas of the country.
281:
993:, meaning that they do not have a municipal government at all. Any government services in an unincorporated area are provided either by a local agency, such as a
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Like many
Canadian political institutions, the municipal government has its roots in the medieval system of government in England. Famously, the city of
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Local governments are therefore frequently referred to as "creatures of the provinces". There were about 3,700 municipal governments in Canada c. 2002.
544:
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Between the 1920s and the 1960s, the municipalities received increased funding from their provincial government parents. This was partly due to the
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1076:, or disbanded at the whim of the provincial government which controls them. They are also limited in the amount of interaction they have with the
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rather than as a particular type of municipality, but this term is still considered inclusive of all local governments regardless of their status.
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1998:
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1743:"Alberta.ca > Municipal Affairs > Municipalities & Communities> Education> Municipal Government for Students > Glossary"
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Public utilities and other services. Usually, parks are taken care of by the municipal government and occasionally sewerage, water, etc.
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is spent on municipal government services, and when the government is not funded by the provincial government, taxes need to be imposed.
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In Quebec, Ontario and
Alberta the range of local government services is broadened to include electricity, telephone and gas services.
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977:, referring to an administrative division of a municipality. Only eight municipalities in Quebec are divided into boroughs. (See
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approved a
Canadian version of the Municipal Corporations Act, often referred to as the Baldwin Act in honour of its creator,
681:
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1767:. Office of the Legislative Counsel, Nova Scotia House of Assembly,Crown in right of Nova Scotia. Created . February 28, 2008
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is a type of local council authority that provides local services, facilities, safety and infrastructure for communities.
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1865:. Office of the Legislative Counsel, Nova Scotia House of Assembly,Crown in right of Nova S,Created . February 28, 2008
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780:"In each Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to... Municipal Institutions in the Province."
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other than to say they are the responsibility of the provinces. Consequently, municipalities can be created,
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The
Canadian Encyclopedia > Government > Government, General > Municipal Government
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The Canadian Encyclopedia > Government > Government, General > Municipal Government
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was the last municipality to hold this status, relinquishing it upon becoming part of the
8:
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which are legally empowered to make decisions on behalf of its electors, excluding the
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Local Government in Canada: Organization & Basic Institutions | Mapleleafweb.com
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897:, and their governments, city councils. Smaller governments are commonly called
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was given its charter in 1185, and the granting of freedoms became endorsed in
1143:. Additional funding sources include the sale of goods and services, fines and
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Urban governance in Canada : representation, resources, and restructuring
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Local general government revenue and expenditures, by province and territory
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Foundations of governance : municipal government in Canada's provinces
1954:
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1129:, with over 50 councillors. The councillors may represent districts called
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848:, which played host to the first municipal government in Canada in 1785 at
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An example of a typical municipal government structure can be found in
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The Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development (Australia)
73:
2156:
Graham, Katherine A.; Phillips, Susan D.; Masiove, Allan M. (1998).
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to the municipal governments so they could raise taxes and enact
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Canada, Government of Canada, Infrastructure (26 October 2011).
1914:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Access to Information Act"
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1826:. Canadian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
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2084:- Andrew Sancton, Professor, University of Western Ontario.
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Chapter 7 : Special report: local government in Canada
898:
894:
2011:
2133:"Local Government Election Act, 2015, SS 2015, c L-30.11"
759:
The most prominent form of local government in Canada is
2096:. Example of council structure. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
1975:
Canada offers its people an array of local governments
1792:. Historica Foundation of Canada. 2009. Archived from
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2155:
2164:. Toronto: Fort Worth : Harcourt Brace Canada.
1989:: The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
1666:
List of governments in Canada by annual expenditures
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Typically, a municipal government is made up of one
936:, to denote suburban municipalities. The Borough of
2226:
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1852:. Government of Australia. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
818:and municipal. According to Section 92(8) of the
2739:
2225:Tindal, C. Richard; Tindal, Susan Nobes (2009).
973:is generally used as the English translation of
837:Municipal governments are subdivisions of their
832:
2183:Canadian local government: an urban perspective
1506:Even-numbered districts in rural municipalities
532:Proposed annexation of Turks and Caicos Islands
2031:"Infrastructure Canada - Building Canada Fund"
1912:Branch, Legislative Services (7 August 2020).
1581:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
1489:Odd-numbered districts in rural municipalities
748:governments. This can include municipalities,
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2308:
2202:Sancton, Andrew; Young, Robert, eds. (2009).
1068:. Local governments are not mentioned in the
702:
206:Provincial and territorial executive councils
2288:Local government history in British Columbia
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2201:
2187:. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press.
2077:
2075:
2073:
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2047:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1166:Dates of elections by province and territory
1080:because this would infringe upon an area of
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1951:"Service Nova Scotia - Municipal Services"
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1052:Municipal government funding sources, 2005
928:The term "borough" was previously used in
921:. Some may also be directly designated as
855:
709:
695:
2258:Urban Canada: its government and politics
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1953:. Province of Nova Scotia. Archived from
1931:Municipal government within New Brunswick
2210:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1933:. Oultwood.com. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
1890:. Historica Foundation of Canada. 2009.
1829:
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2001:: MapleLeafWeb. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
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766:Canada has three orders of government,
352:Courts of the Provinces and Territories
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311:Provincial and territorial parliaments
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2094:Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo
1977:, Nick Swift. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
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1992:
1708:"The Local Government Election Act"
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27:Elected local authorities in Canada
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1671:List of municipalities in Canada
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810:has three orders of government:
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1894:from the original on 2016-02-13
1509:4 years (2 years prior to 2015)
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1471:4 years (3 years prior to 2012)
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1222:4 years (3 years prior to 2014)
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527:CanadaâEuropean Union relations
260:Opposition Leader in the Senate
255:Government Leader in the Senate
2255:Higgins, Donald J. H. (1977).
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292:His Majesty's Loyal Opposition
287:Opposition Leader in the house
282:Government Leader in the house
184:President of the Privy Council
18:Municipal government in Canada
13:
1:
2233:. Toronto: Nelson Education.
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1465:including Alberta portion of
1157:Municipal elections in Canada
1001:, or by the province itself.
833:Types of municipal government
2727:United States Virgin Islands
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875:regional county municipality
572:Indigenous Peoples in Canada
545:Crown and Indigenous peoples
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1661:History of cities in Canada
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173:List of Canadian ministries
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2229:Local Government in Canada
2082:Canadian municipal history
1999:Local Government in Canada
1937:December 11, 2008, at the
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1765:"Municipal Government Act"
1566:Municipal Corporations Act
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979:List of boroughs in Quebec
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2119:. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
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2179:Sancton, Andrew (2011).
2035:www.infrastructure.gc.ca
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1717:. 2012. Archived from
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1113:) and a set number of
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2015:
2012:"PPP Canada"
2006:
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1959:. Retrieved
1955:the original
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1896:. Retrieved
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1794:the original
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1726:. Retrieved
1719:the original
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1459:Saskatchewan
1197:Lloydminster
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600:Conservatism
477:MĂ©lanie Joly
440:
369:Constitution
2687:Puerto Rico
2597:Saint Lucia
2547:El Salvador
2397:Territories
2368:Nova Scotia
1554:Magna Carta
1348:Nova Scotia
1176:Occurrence
1116:councillors
1074:amalgamated
969:, the term
882:Nova Scotia
802:In Canada,
514:Visa policy
226:Legislative
92:Charles III
2682:Montserrat
2677:Martinique
2672:Guadeloupe
2527:Costa Rica
2249:Historical
1961:2011-09-29
1898:2009-08-22
1869:2009-08-22
1800:2009-08-22
1771:2009-08-22
1728:2013-07-23
1694:References
1558:Saint John
1550:Winchester
1195:Excluding
850:Saint John
816:provincial
615:Liberalism
610:Federalism
108:Mary Simon
57:Government
2667:Greenland
2582:Nicaragua
2557:Guatemala
2336:Provinces
1277:(special)
1151:Elections
1018:services.
938:East York
915:townships
491:in Canada
399:Elections
140:Executive
74:The Crown
62:structure
2742:Category
2632:Anguilla
2567:Honduras
2537:Dominica
2512:Barbados
2433:Category
2353:Manitoba
2109:Archived
2043:cite web
1935:Archived
1892:Archived
1846:Archived
1820:Archived
1749:. 2012.
1620:See also
1241:Manitoba
1127:Montreal
1122:alderman
907:parishes
903:villages
839:province
790:â
504:Passport
473:Minister
324:Judicial
211:Premiers
2662:Curaçao
2647:Bonaire
2642:Bermuda
2572:Jamaica
2552:Grenada
2507:Bahamas
2409:Nunavut
2373:Ontario
2343:Alberta
1593:by-laws
1544:History
1528:3 years
1440:4 years
1417:4 years
1390:Ontario
1375:4 years
1371:Nunavut
1352:4 years
1333:2 years
1330:Hamlets
1316:3 years
1292:4 years
1268:4 years
1245:4 years
1191:Alberta
1090:by-laws
1058:charter
971:borough
934:Ontario
919:hamlets
812:federal
768:federal
635:Regions
168:Cabinet
81:Monarch
2587:Panama
2577:Mexico
2522:Canada
2517:Belize
2383:Quebec
2265:
2237:
2214:
2191:
2168:
2138:CanLII
1436:Quebec
1111:warden
1025:zones.
967:Quebec
949:Quebec
895:cities
863:county
808:Canada
736:, and
245:Senate
2637:Aruba
2562:Haiti
2414:Yukon
1722:(PDF)
1711:(PDF)
1587:. It
1537:2024
1524:Yukon
1518:2026
1501:2024
1384:2023
1342:2024
1325:2024
1303:2025
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