99:. In the case of successful transmedia franchises, each different medium should expand the target demographic and fandom, build the interest of the consumers and add to the overarching story and narrative of the franchise itself. A connection between the characters, settings, and other elements of the media franchise do still exist within the different mediums, regardless of the fact that they are being presented in sometimes completely different ways, such as the shared, interweaving storylines and elements of
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87:, which is the community of fans that indulge in many of its mediums and are committed to interacting with and keeping up with other consumers. Large franchise-based fandoms have grown to be even more popular in recent years with the rise of social media platforms, as many fans seek to interact with one another for discussion, debate and even to create their own fan-made pieces of media revolving around the franchise, on websites like
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continuity, leading fans to speculate or seek to confirm which mediums are canon and which are not, which can get confusing if the franchise does not provide an answer themselves since entire mediums can be non-canon to the greater story, with a popular example occurring. On the other hand, specific episodes, volumes or parts of a series can be canon while others in the same medium are not, such as the fact that only some of the
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in 1955, bringing fictional media franchises to life through the theme parks slowly became increasingly popular as the way to perfectly blend tourism and real-life involvement with media itself. Similar to transmedia, the concept of bringing fictional media into a non-fictional space where fans can
173:
in the franchise's characters and settings. As one author explains, "For the studios, a home-run is a film from which a multimedia 'franchise' can be generated; the colossally expensive creation of cross-media conglomerates predicated on synergistic rewards provides an obvious imperative to develop
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films, music and book publishing (including original works in addition to its anthologies of cartoons, photographs, recipes, advice, articles or fiction that had originally appeared in the magazine), footwear, clothing of every kind, jewelry, housewares (lamps, clocks, bedding, glassware), guitars
465:
Long-running franchises were common in the early studio era, when
Hollywood studios had actors and directors under long-term contract. In such cases, even lead actors are often replaced as they age, lose interest, or their characters are killed. Spin-offs and adaptations of popular pieces of media
103:
films, television shows, comics and video games. Espen
Aarseth describes the financial logic of cost-recovery for expensive productions by identifying that a single medium launch is a lost opportunity, the timeliness of the production and release is more important than its integrity, the releases
194:
Transmedia franchises occasionally release content through certain mediums that is not canon to the main or greater story that the franchise is built around, meaning that the elements of said content do not truly exist in the main timeline of the franchise. Canon content often times breaks
82:
across more than one medium. For the owners, the goal of increasing profit through diversity can extend the commercial profitability of the franchise and create strong feelings of identity and ownership in its consumers. Those large groups of dedicated consumers create the franchise's
284:, and crossed through the mediums of television, film, news, and other non-media related realms, such trading cards, merchandise, and more. A number of Japanese media franchises have gained considerable global popularity, and are among the world's
134:. A transmedia franchise however is often referred to by the simpler term "media franchise". The term media franchise is often used to describe the popular adaptation of a work into films, like the popular
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immerse themselves in real-life versions of elements from the fictional worlds they love, adds to the overall narrative the franchise creates through its other mediums. Marvel's
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782:"'Avatar' and the Mystery of the Vanishing Blockbuster - It was the highest-grossing film in history, but for years it was remembered mainly for having been forgotten. Why?"
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and gambling, playing cards, pinball machines and pet accessories, billiard balls, bedroom appurtenances, enhancements, plus countless other items of merchandise.
816:
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1794:
1784:
1109:
Palumbo, Donald (1998). "Asimov's
Crusade Against Bigotry: The Persistence Of Prejudice as a Fractal Motif in the Robot/Empire Foundation Metaseries".
317:
marked a shift in
Japanese marketing from the focus on the content of the commodity to "overlapping the commodity image with the character image".
165:
Multimedia franchises usually develop through a character or fictional world becoming popular in one medium, and then expanding to others through
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such products." The trend later developed wherein franchises would be launched in multiple forms of media simultaneously; for instance, the film
1491:"Disney's Star Wars: Forces of Production, Promotion, and Reception. William Proctor and Richard McCulloch (eds.). Iowa City: University of I"
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in the late 1990s, acted as benchmarks in the country's transmedia dominance. The latter in particular began as a video game available on
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Media franchises tend to cross over from their original media to other forms. Literary franchises are often transported to film, such as
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A media franchise does not have to include the same characters or theme, as the brand identity can be the franchise, like
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as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time".
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in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a
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park is one of the many franchise-based theme parks created in recent times, following the creation of
294:'s penetration into the American market of the franchise along with others of Japanese origin, such as
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were produced at the same time, using the same actors on the same sets, and released on the same day.
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genres. Similarly, fantasy, science fiction films and television shows are frequently adapted into
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1628:"Technologies of the Childhood Imagination: Yugioh, Media Mixes, and Everyday Cultural Production"
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within a franchise can even be created, which ultimately leads to the creation of brand worlds.
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becoming a #1 hit on
Billboard Hot 100. The success resulted in a nationwide concert tour, an
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should raise brand awareness and the cross-ability of the work is critical for its success.
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596:. Twenty-five years later, Playboy released private clubs and restaurants, movie theaters,
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but the origins of the strategy can be traced back to the 1960s with the proliferation of
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comics are canon, with a large amount of them breaking the continuity of the main story.
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Månsson, Maria; Buchmann, Annæ; Cassinger, Cecilia; Eskilsson, Lena, eds. (2020-07-07).
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are other highlights of the non-fiction branch of media franchises, such as the popular
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Non-fiction media franchises also exist in the television and film mediums, with
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810:"Critical Analysis across Media: Games, Franchises, and the New Cultural Order"
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being one of the most well-known examples; ranging from competition shows like
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231:) is a strategy to disperse content across multiple representations: different
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Aarseth, Espen (2006). "The
Culture and Business of Cross-Media Productions".
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was a transmedia franchise from its beginnings, with the first season winner
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series, which serves as both a film and television transmedia franchise.
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1196:"From One Medium to the Next: How Comic Books Create Richer Storylines"
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147:. Other neologisms exist to describe various franchise types including
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1645:: "The Midas Formula (How to create a billion-dollar movie franchise)"
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Post-classical
Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945
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by Marc
Steinberg, details the evolution of the media mix in Japan.
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Bitten by
Twilight: Youth Culture, Media, and the Vampire Franchise
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933:"Transmedia Storytelling and Entertainment: An annotated syllabus"
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1271:"Manga Movies Project Report 1 - Transmedia Japanese Franchising"
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521:
578:. An enduring and comprehensive example of a media franchise is
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Anime's Media Mix: Franchising Toys and
Characters in Japan.
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Kackman, Michael; Kearney, Mary Celeste, eds. (2018-06-22).
516:. Television and film franchises are often expanded upon in
322:
Anime's Media Mix: Franchising Toys and Characters in Japan,
300:, gave rise to the recognition of what is variously called
43:
1407:"Brand Identity, Adaptation, and Media Franchise Culture"
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to the day-in-the-life episodes of the many different
1411:
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies
27:
Use of a creative work across several different media
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Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide
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Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide
1317:, University of Minnesota Press, pp. 143–161,
1160:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 182–202,
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981:Interactive Narratives and Transmedia Storytelling
1536:"How To Kill A Major Media Franchise In A Decade"
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128:book that made the bestseller list and the film
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248:and is first used to describe adaptations of
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1311:"Beyond the Horizon of the Possible Worlds"
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748:List of best-selling video game franchises
235:, gaming technologies, cell phones, toys,
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1364:International Journal of Cultural Studies
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815:. First International Conference on CDA.
780:Keiles, Jamie Lauren (December 1, 2022).
654:List of highest-grossing media franchises
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760:List of space science fiction franchises
141:that was adapted into the five films of
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1088:. Peter Lang Publishing. p. 12.
246:gained its circulation in late 1980s
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1534:Bernstein, Joseph (12 August 2013).
1111:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
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822:from the original on 19 October 2013
78:A media franchise often consists of
1653:: Film franchise earning comparison
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480:The Wizarding World of Harry Potter
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841:Fuschillo, Gregorio (2018-05-04).
718:List of television show franchises
25:
1993:
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286:highest-grossing media franchises
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1937:
1354:Bainbridge, Jason (2013-10-25).
931:Jenkins, Henry (December 2010).
572:The Complete Idiot's Guide to...
563:literary franchises include the
311:Researchers argue that the 1963
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1405:Marazi, Katerina (2014-12-01).
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1194:Bourdaa, Mélanie (2018-03-14).
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843:"Fans, fandoms, or fanaticism?"
1360:franchise and the environment"
1356:"'It is a Pokémon world': The
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978:McErlean, Kelly (2018-03-05).
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894:. Cambridge University Press.
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686:List of highest-grossing films
649:Lists of multimedia franchises
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13:
1:
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743:List of video game franchises
592:, in 1959), and even its own
38:, is a collection of related
1800:games, toys, and merchandise
1309:SAITO, SATOMI (2015-12-20),
949:10.1080/10304312.2010.510599
520:, particularly those in the
7:
1489:Mayer, Hervé (2020-03-20).
891:Young Adult Fantasy Fiction
888:Wilkins, Kim (2019-07-11).
847:Journal of Consumer Culture
787:The New York Times Magazine
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1323:10.5749/j.ctv1rdv223.14
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1084:Click, Melissa (2010).
1051:Jenkins, Henry (2006).
728:Transmedia storytelling
302:transmedia storytelling
1563:The Craft of Criticism
469:Since the creation of
308:, media synergy, etc.
1967:Mass media franchises
1924:Video game franchises
1868:Video game franchises
1780:Multimedia franchises
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1458:10.4324/9780429430398
1059:. NYU Press. p.
1015:Popular Communication
990:10.4324/9781315637570
900:10.1017/9781108551137
671:Narrative consumption
509:, as well as popular
171:intellectual property
74:Transmedia franchise
1764:Video game franchise
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1158:Fantastic Transmedia
676:Database consumption
505:, and other popular
328:Japanese terminology
198:Battlestar Galactica
167:licensing agreements
131:From Justin to Kelly
36:multimedia franchise
18:Multimedia franchise
1982:Mass media industry
1154:"Transmedia Memory"
808:Lemke, Jay (2004).
590:Playboy's Penthouse
580:Playboy Enterprises
213:and entertainment,
180:and the video game
177:The Matrix Reloaded
66:, defined the word
64:Walt Disney Company
594:television channel
490:at Disneyland and
169:, with respect to
121:A Moment Like This
52:television program
34:, also known as a
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1912:Comic book series
1834:Comic book series
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1720:Comic book series
1175:978-1-349-45500-3
909:978-1-108-55113-7
661:Media convergence
451:, recast as movie
434:, recast as manga
402:, recast as novel
364:, recast as drama
347:, recast as anime
270:in the 1980s and
144:The Twilight Saga
16:(Redirected from
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1905:Best-selling
1856:most watched
1725:manga series
1708:anime series
1696:Media series
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635:Planet Earth
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1896:Film series
1846:Film series
1773:Media lists
1737:Film series
1715:Book series
1296:Steinberg,
1200:M/C Journal
793:December 3,
681:Film series
561:Non-fiction
556:Non-fiction
537:Square Enix
514:superheroes
503:Miss Marple
407:komikaraizu
255:Japan Sinks
139:book series
116:RCA Records
1961:Categories
1827:television
1757:web series
1612:Mizuko Ito
1538:. Buzzfeed
1338:2022-11-23
1280:2015-07-31
1181:2022-11-23
1137:074863858X
1131:, p. 207,
767:References
630:docuseries
610:reality TV
511:comic book
507:detectives
499:Nancy Drew
471:Disneyland
219:wasei-eigo
158:Foundation
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875:150052589
867:1469-5405
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320:The book
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244:media mix
242:The term
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1945:Category
1822:Internet
1433:56267324
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817:Archived
642:See also
624:series.
422:manga-ka
398:novelize
335:anime-ka
282:Game Boy
278:Nintendo
224:メディアミックス
137:Twilight
60:Bob Iger
1972:Sequels
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1358:Pokémon
738:Trilogy
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545:or the
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1795:films
1785:print
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1298:p. vi
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628:and
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342:アニメ化
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1861:web
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