914:
543:. Later, the iron Buddha image (the smaller one) appeared to mysteriously reestablish itself beneath the fig tree where it had first been discovered and ultimately, after some three or four spectacles of this nature, began slowly sinking into the ground there until only the crown of the head could be seen. An alternate place of worship was built there to cover the site instead and the image itself was then named Phra Loup Lek (āļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļĨāļļāļāđāļŦāļĨāđāļ), or 'Venerable One of Ironmetal Who Shrouds Himself'. Today the site where Phra Loup Lek would submerge himself beneath the earth has been overtaken by the waters of the Mekong and washed away (presumably leaving only the shrine rescued and preserved at the front of the vihara at today's Wat Sri Mongkol South (āļ§āļąāļāļĻāļĢāļĩāļĄāļāļāļĨāđāļāđ)).
53:
840:
103:
854:
78:
898:
68:
1373:
891:
907:
1012:
121:
691:
833:
1480:
1467:
1496:
1459:
539:. The larger of the two was bricks-and-mortar, while the smaller one was made of fine iron. He had a new monastery built at once in the vicinity of the old, abandoned temple, and named it Wat Sri Moungkhoun (āļ§āļąāļāļĻāļĢāļĩāļĄāļļāļāļāļļāļ) (cognate to Sri Mongkol (āļĻāļĢāļĩāļĄāļāļāļĨ) in Central Thai, meaning 'Temple of Serene Auspices'). He constructed a palatial manse in the vicinity of the temple where he enshrined both Buddha images in a
1442:
551:
into the seven trees from whence it came. Lord
Chanthakinnaree named this auspicious omen Keo Mukdahan (āđāļāđāļ§āļĄāļļāļāļāļēāļŦāļēāļĢ) or the 'Pearlsmouth Crystal' as he had founded his realm on the banks of the Mekong where the mouth of the stream Bang Muk (or 'Pearlhaven') was located, in which people had discovered pearls (
527:
on the nearby riverbank. He found the area much better than the territories along the left side of the Mekong, and moreover at the mouth of the Bang Muk was an abundance of fish. He reported this to his ruler, Lord
Chanthakinnaree. Chanthakinnaree led his followers across the Mekong to inspect the
550:
During the rebuilding of the realm, at around midnight there were reports of a transparent or translucent object glittering and bright spotted emerging from the seven sugar palms. It drifted in the air above the Mekong every night until near dawn when the crystal-like object would then float back
546:
As for the brick-and-mortar Buddha image enshrined in the vihara at the Sri
Mongkol Temple, the inhabitants of the realm named it Phra Chao Ong Luang (āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļ), or 'Venerable Holy One', and made it the representative image of Wat Sri Mongkol, which itself was later renamed Wat Sri Mongkol
847:
528:
area and found that the area was indeed the remains of an ancient realm and in much better condition than any area along the left bank of the Mekong. He led his people from Baan Luang
Phonsim to establish a settlement on the right bank at the mouth of Bang Muk.
514:
Lord
Chandrasuriyawongse (āđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļŠāļļāļĢāļīāļĒāļ§āļāļĐāđ) and his followers established a settlement at Baan Luang Phonsim (āļāđāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāđāļāļāļŠāļīāļĄ) near the Thad Ing Hang Stupa (āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļāļļāļāļīāļāļŪāļąāļ) on the left bank of the Mekong River in Laos. Several decades later he died.
681:
The provincial slogan is "Skyscraping Ho Kaeo Tower, Phu Pha Thoep and Kaeng Kabao, eight ethnic minorities, famous sweet tamarind, large ancient kettledrum, origin of Lam Phaya, stunning view of the Mekong River, gateway to
Indochina."
522:
2310 (1767 Common Era), a huntsman crossed over the Mekong and arrived along the right bank at the mouth of the stream Bang Muk (āļāļąāļāļĄāļļāļ), where he discovered a discarded realm complete with a monastery and seven
95:("Towering Ho Kaeo tower. Phu Pha Thoep and Kaeng Kabao. Eight local tribes. Famed sweet tamarinds. Amazing ancient drums. Home of the Lamphaya teachings. Spectacular Mekong riverfront. Connecting Indochina.")
598:
to dispatch their troops to the banks of the Mekong in order to suppress and unify the lords of all the realms great and small there on both sides of the Mekong together under the reign of the
Kingdom of
502:
595:
945:(HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.
1200:[National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020
645:
on a
Mukdahan International Airport feasibility study. If built, it would become Thailand's thirtieth international airport. The study is to be completed by March 2019.
942:
591:
611:
52:
607:
Mandhaturaj (āļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļĻāļĢāļĩāļŠāļļāļĢāļēāļāļāļļāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĄāļąāļāļāļēāļāļļāļĢāļēāļ), the first Lord of the Realm of
Mukdahan and thereby officially naming the realm "Mueang Mukdahan".
583:
1093:[Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior.
1550:
2046:
1404:
941:
Since 2003, United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the
1360:
1122:[Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF)]. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) (in Thai)
93:āļŦāļāđāļāđāļ§āļŠāļđāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļē āļ āļđāļāļēāđāļāļīāļāđāļāđāļāļāļ°āđāļāļē āđāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļ·āđāļāđāļĄāļ·āļāļ āļĨāļ·āļāđāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāļĄāļ°āļāļēāļĄāļŦāļ§āļēāļ āļāļĨāļāļāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļĨāđāļģāđāļĨāļīāļĻ āļāļīāđāļāļāļģāđāļāļīāļāļĨāļģāļāļāļē āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļēāļĒāđāļāļ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļĄāđāļĒāļāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĩāļ
495:
463:
459:
1245:
1277:
450:, which are covered with thick forests. The total forest area is 1,362 km (526 sq mi) or 33 percent of provincial area.
102:
559:
can refer to most any semiprecious stone resembling the pearl having a grey dull color, and not necessarily the pearl oyster,
622:
431:
1219:
913:
1197:
1543:
1397:
654:
1861:
634:
638:
610:
The city of Mukdahan was founded in 1770 by Lord Chanthakinnaree of Phonsim. It was originally administered within
288:
1060:, information, Forest statistics Year 2019, Thailand boundary from Department of Provincial Administration in 2013
2095:
1536:
1155:
1141:
1071:
77:
1390:
669:
575:. The realm of Mukdahan at this stage covered both sides of the Mekong and reached the frontier lands of the
300:
1977:
1773:
476:
935:
Province Mukdahan, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6276 is "somewhat low", occupies place 59 in the ranking.
482:
2085:
1700:
458:
There are a total of three national parks, of which two, along with four other national parks, make up
362:
1735:
1569:
470:
531:
When he began to clear away the forests to make way for his resettlement of the realm, he found two
1876:
1705:
734:
729:
113:
1052:[Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019
802:). The non-municipal areas are administered by 29 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (
67:
1811:
1826:
1695:
1685:
1650:
1515:
1429:
1302:
615:
415:
395:
1260:
1919:
1871:
1866:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1763:
1720:
1610:
1559:
1424:
411:
379:
225:
207:
184:
138:
36:
2022:
1997:
1934:
1924:
1901:
1896:
1856:
1768:
1473:
1226:. Department of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Plant Conservation (in Thai). 2019
839:
423:
8:
1982:
1846:
1836:
1778:
1740:
1665:
1595:
1590:
744:
133:
1281:
1992:
1891:
1886:
1801:
1710:
1675:
1655:
1630:
1382:
1119:
778:
As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Mukdahan Provincial Administration Organisation (
763:
753:
547:
South. This Buddha image has been associated with the settlement and realm ever since.
447:
2017:
1967:
1959:
1929:
1881:
1806:
1745:
1582:
1510:
1167:
1166:. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019.
1135:
1065:
674:
576:
572:
519:
494:
There is one wildlife sanctuary, along with five other wildlife sanctuaries, make up
399:
1088:
387:
1987:
1944:
1911:
1851:
1816:
1793:
1755:
1725:
1670:
1660:
1605:
1600:
1451:
1376:
758:
739:
407:
280:
2007:
2002:
1939:
1715:
1620:
1505:
853:
798:
792:
403:
2027:
2012:
1972:
1730:
1625:
532:
2090:
2079:
2061:
2048:
2032:
1949:
1680:
1328:
1171:
357:
345:
315:
148:
897:
1783:
1615:
568:
419:
374:
1372:
518:
Lord Chanthakinnaree (āđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļāļīāļāļĢāļĩ), his son, succeeded him as ruler. In
662:
1528:
890:
1026:
536:
524:
906:
642:
271:
1011:
832:
618:. On 27 September 1982 Mukdahan was upgraded to provincial status.
600:
310:
126:
846:
690:
590:
extended his forces into the area of the Mekong River, he ordered
1574:
604:
1198:"āļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļļāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļŦāđāļāļāļēāļāļī āļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļļāļāļāļĐāļē 133 āđāļŦāđāļ"
711:
705:
587:
564:
540:
443:
276:
1365:
1345:
44 Mukdahan: 1 PAO, 1 Town mun., 24 Subdistrict mun., 29 SAO.
717:
1335:. Department of Local Administration (DLA). 26 November 2019
326:
1640:
1485:
1049:
709:). The districts are further divided into 53 subdistricts (
658:
603:, declaring Lord Chanthakinnaree the Phya Chanthasrisuraja
427:
391:
263:
257:
1412:
657:
shows the Prasart Song Nang Sathit Palace, in which an
1329:"Number of local government organizations by province"
571:, Year 1132 of the Chulasakarat (Minor Era), of the
57:
Second ThaiâLao Friendship Bridge, seen from Mukdahan
1222:[Table 5 Wildlife Sanctuary Areas in 2019]
1158:
Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition
394:. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise)
1220:"āļāļēāļĢāļēāļ 5 āļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāļāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļāļąāļāļāļļāđāļŠāļąāļāļ§āđāļāđāļē āļ.āļĻ. 2562"
1120:"āļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāļŠāļāļīāļāļīāļāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāđāļēāļ§āļŦāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļ āļāļĩ 2565 (PDF)"
1050:"āļāļēāļĢāļēāļāļāļĩāđ 2 āļāļĩāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļēāđāļĄāđ āđāļĒāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļ āļ.āļĻ.2562"
796:) status. Further 24 subdistrict municipalities (
625:, from Mukdahan to Savannakhet, Laos was opened.
579:(including the Laotian province of Savannakhet).
242:
2077:
809:
614:, but in 1907 it became a district (amphoe) of
1090:āļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļāļŠāļāļīāļāļīāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļģāļāļĩ āļ.āļŠ.2562
703:The province is divided into seven districts (
563:. Lord Chanthakinnaree then renamed the realm
107:Map of Thailand highlighting Mukdahan province
1544:
1398:
1303:"Mukdahan airport study to cost Bt6 million"
790:) areas in the province. Mukdahan has town (
446:valley. In the west of the province are the
685:
1551:
1537:
1405:
1391:
1114:
1112:
780:
641:announced that it would spend six million
567:Mukdahan, as from the Fourth Month of the
101:
1558:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1148:
1278:"Amphoe.com on Mueang Mukdahan district"
1004:Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings
698:
689:
1246:"āļāļĢāļ°āļāļĢāļĄāļĢāļēāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢ āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻ āđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļāļāļĨ"
1109:
489:
2078:
1212:
1185:
1532:
1386:
1259:(11): 140. 1899-06-11. Archived from
1083:
1081:
1044:
1042:
373:
356:
176:4,126 km (1,593 sq mi)
1420:
1413:Places adjacent to Mukdahan province
999:
773:
505:, 303 km (117 sq mi)
473:, 829 km (320 sq mi)
378:) is one of Thailand's seventy-six
13:
1078:
1039:
896:
479:, 231 km (89 sq mi)
14:
2107:
1354:
623:Second ThaiâLao Friendship Bridge
485:, 48 km (19 sq mi)
453:
432:Second ThaiâLao Friendship Bridge
1575:Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)
1494:
1478:
1465:
1457:
1440:
1371:
1010:
912:
905:
889:
852:
845:
838:
831:
466:of Thailand's protected areas.
119:
76:
66:
51:
1321:
498:of Thailand's protected areas.
1295:
1270:
1238:
503:Phu Si Than Wildlife Sanctuary
1:
1495:
1441:
1032:
430:to which it is joined by the
418:. To the east it borders the
1466:
1458:
1379:travel guide from Wikivoyage
810:Human achievement index 2022
782:ongkan borihan suan changwat
477:Phu Sa Dok Bua National Park
437:
7:
1097:(in Thai). 31 December 2019
1020:
781:
496:region 9 (Ubon Ratchathani)
483:Phu Pha Thoep National Park
460:region 9 (Ubon Ratchathani)
388:upper northeastern Thailand
10:
2112:
1140:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1070:: CS1 maint: postscript (
804:ongkan borihan suan tambon
725:
648:
639:Thai Ministry of Transport
628:
509:
366:
240:0.6276 "somewhat low"
1958:
1910:
1792:
1754:
1639:
1581:
1566:
1418:
1280:(in Thai). Archived from
934:
582:In B.E. 2321, during the
471:Phu Pha Yon National Park
349:
321:
309:
299:
287:
270:
253:
248:
236:
231:
221:
213:
203:
195:
190:
180:
172:
167:
159:
154:
144:
132:
112:
100:
90:
62:
50:
43:
34:
24:
1862:Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
1089:
686:Administrative divisions
28:
1366:Website of the province
943:Human achievement index
751:
555:; āļĄāļļāļ) in clams there.
442:The province is in the
237: âĒ HAI (2022)
232:Human Achievement Index
222: âĒ Rank
2062:16.54611°N 104.72611°E
1516:Amnat Charoen province
1430:Nakhon Phanom province
901:
695:
694:Map of seven districts
616:Nakhon Phanom province
561:Pinctada margaritifera
464:region 10 (Udon Thani)
375:[mÃđk.dÄË.hĮËn]
358:[mÚk.dÄË.hĮËn]
217:87/km (230/sq mi)
2096:Provinces of Thailand
1560:Provinces of Thailand
1425:Sakon Nakhon province
900:
699:Provincial government
693:
588:King Taksin the Great
163:Chaloemphon Mangkhang
160: âĒ Governor
139:Northeastern Thailand
1474:Savannakhet province
1266:on January 27, 2012.
1095:stat.bora.dopa.go.th
786:) and 25 municipal (
715:) and 493 villages (
490:Wildlife sanctuaries
424:Savannakhet province
422:, across which lies
214: âĒ Density
19:Province in Thailand
16:Province of Thailand
2067:16.54611; 104.72611
2058: /
1978:Nakhon Si Thammarat
1774:Prachuap Khiri Khan
1361:TAT provincial page
635:Airports Department
592:Phra Mahakasut Suek
462:and Phu Pha Yon in
266:0.8 billion) (2019)
1005:
902:
696:
661:is displayed on a
612:Monthon Udon Thani
448:Phu Phan mountains
254: âĒ Total
196: âĒ Total
173: âĒ Total
2086:Mukdahan province
2041:
2040:
1701:Nakhon Ratchasima
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1511:Yasothon province
1463:Mukdahan province
1018:
1017:
1003:
998:
997:
939:
938:
771:
770:
675:Ochna integerrima
573:Buddhist calendar
535:images beneath a
363:Northeastern Thai
339:
338:
204: âĒ Rank
181: âĒ Rank
44:Mukdahan province
2103:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
1736:Ubon Ratchathani
1553:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1498:
1497:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1460:
1452:Kalasin province
1444:
1443:
1421:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1250:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1014:
1000:
970:"somewhat high"
959: 1â13
948:
947:
916:
909:
893:
856:
849:
842:
835:
814:
813:
784:
774:Local government
724:
723:
596:Chao Phya Chakri
377:
372:
368:
360:
355:
351:
335:
332:
330:
328:
125:
123:
122:
105:
80:
70:
55:
22:
21:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2037:
1954:
1906:
1877:Samut Songkhram
1788:
1750:
1706:Nong Bua Lamphu
1642:
1635:
1577:
1562:
1557:
1527:
1522:
1506:Roi Et province
1479:
1477:
1470:
1414:
1411:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1023:
986:"somewhat low"
954:Classification
812:
799:thesaban tambon
793:thesaban mueang
776:
735:Nikhom Kham Soi
730:Mueang Mukdahan
701:
688:
670:provincial tree
655:provincial seal
651:
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584:Thonburi Period
569:Year of the Pig
537:sacred fig tree
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91:Motto(s):
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46:āļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāļĄāļļāļāļāļēāļŦāļēāļĢ
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633:In 2018, the
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1920:Chachoengsao
1872:Samut Sakhon
1867:Samut Prakan
1842:Pathum Thani
1832:Nakhon Sawan
1822:Nakhon Nayok
1764:Kanchanaburi
1721:Sakon Nakhon
1690:
1641:Northeastern
1611:Mae Hong Son
1568:
1462:
1344:
1337:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1306:
1297:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:the original
1272:
1261:the original
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1214:
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1175:. Retrieved
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457:
441:
420:Mekong River
412:Sakon Nakhon
383:
341:
340:
301:Calling code
2065: /
2053:104°43âē34âģE
2023:Surat Thani
1998:Phatthalung
1935:Prachinburi
1925:Chanthaburi
1902:Uthai Thani
1897:Suphan Buri
1857:Phitsanulok
1769:Phetchaburi
1368:(Thai only)
1339:10 December
1255:(in Thai).
1101:26 February
823:Employment
525:sugar palms
289:Postal code
243:Ranked 59th
226:Ranked 55th
208:Ranked 66th
185:Ranked 53rd
2080:Categories
2050:16°32âē46âģN
1983:Narathiwat
1847:Phetchabun
1837:Nonthaburi
1779:Ratchaburi
1741:Udon Thani
1666:Chaiyaphum
1596:Chiang Rai
1591:Chiang Mai
1307:The Nation
1288:2019-02-06
1230:1 November
1204:1 November
1177:22 January
1033:References
1027:Khit cloth
978:"average"
881:Transport
820:Education
745:Dong Luang
577:Vietnamese
371:pronounced
354:pronounced
260:26 billion
191:Population
155:Government
1993:Phang Nga
1892:Sukhothai
1887:Sing Buri
1802:Ang Thong
1711:Nong Khai
1676:Khon Kaen
1656:Bueng Kan
1631:Uttaradit
1333:dla.go.th
1172:1686-0799
1130:, page 57
764:Nong Sung
754:Khamcha-i
438:Geography
380:provinces
329:.mukdahan
272:Time zone
2018:Songkhla
1968:Chumphon
1960:Southern
1930:Chonburi
1882:Saraburi
1807:Chai Nat
1746:Yasothon
1691:Mukdahan
1583:Northern
1377:Mukdahan
1164:<>
1136:cite web
1126:12 March
1066:cite web
1021:See also
875:Housing
788:thesaban
601:Thonburi
557:Mukdahan
400:Yasothon
384:changwat
367:āļĄāļļāļāļāļēāļŦāļēāļĢ
350:āļĄāļļāļāļāļēāļŦāļēāļĢ
342:Mukdahan
149:Mukdahan
127:Thailand
37:Province
29:āļĄāļļāļāļāļēāļŦāļēāļĢ
26:Mukdahan
1988:Pattani
1945:Sa Kaeo
1912:Eastern
1852:Phichit
1817:Lopburi
1794:Central
1756:Western
1726:Sisaket
1671:Kalasin
1661:Buriram
1606:Lamphun
1601:Lampang
1570:Capital
1313:18 July
1056:6 April
962:"high"
878:Family
826:Income
817:Health
759:Wan Yai
740:Don Tan
649:Symbols
637:of the
629:Economy
605:Uparaja
510:History
408:Kalasin
322:Website
199:353,174
145:Capital
114:Country
2008:Ranong
2003:Phuket
1940:Rayong
1716:Roi Et
1643:(Isan)
1621:Phayao
1483:
1170:
994:"low"
712:tambon
706:amphoe
565:Mueang
541:vihara
533:Buddha
444:Mekong
414:, and
404:Roi Et
134:Region
124:
2028:Trang
2013:Satun
1973:Krabi
1731:Surin
1626:Phrae
1264:(PDF)
1249:(PDF)
1224:(PDF)
991:62â77
983:46â61
975:30â45
967:14â29
718:muban
586:when
316:TH-49
294:49xxx
277:UTC+7
2091:Isan
2033:Yala
1950:Trat
1681:Loei
1486:Laos
1341:2019
1315:2018
1232:2022
1206:2022
1179:2020
1168:ISSN
1142:link
1128:2024
1103:2020
1072:link
1058:2021
951:Rank
668:The
663:tray
659:opal
653:The
643:baht
594:and
520:B.E.
428:Laos
392:Isan
346:Thai
264:US$
258:baht
168:Area
82:Seal
72:Flag
1784:Tak
1616:Nan
930:26
927:37
924:56
870:74
867:41
864:60
861:41
806:).
721:).
553:muk
426:of
333:.th
331:.go
327:www
305:042
281:ICT
249:GDP
2082::
1573::
1476:,
1343:.
1331:.
1305:.
1257:16
1251:.
1187:^
1162:.
1138:}}
1134:{{
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1068:}}
1064:{{
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1234:.
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1181:.
1160:"
1156:"
1144:)
1105:.
1074:)
382:(
344:(
283:)
279:(
262:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
