Chicana feminism - Knowledge

1725: 1961: 2055: 2771:, she writes: "In a constant state of mental nepantilism, an Aztec word meaning torn between ways, la mestiza is a product of the transfer of the cultural and spiritual values of one group to another. Being tricultural, monolingual, bilingual or multilingual, speaking a patois, and in a state of perpetual transition, the mestiza faces the dilemma of the mixed breed: which collectivity does the daughter of a dark-skinned mother listen to? Within us and within la Cultura Chicana, commonly held beliefs of the white culture attack commonly held beliefs of the Mexican culture, and both attack commonly held beliefs of the indigenous culture. Subconsciously, we see an attack on ourselves and our beliefs as a threat and we attempt to block with a counterstance." 1909: 1983:. Chicano students across seven high schools in the East Los Angeles marched out of their schools in a coordinated protest. Students organized over shared complaints about racism, inadequate funding, and the neglect of Mexican history and culture within current education systems. Male participants of the walkouts received most of the media attention, primarily the thirteen male student organizers who were detained and imprisoned on conspiracy accusations. Dolores Delgado Bernal, a Chicana researcher, claims that by concentrating only on male students, the participation and leadership of girls and women were severely reduced and the efforts required to organize the walkouts were minimized. 2205: 2617: 1812: 2098: 2695: 3486: 3289: 2403: 2553: 3021: 2738:

peers) by becoming a partner and translator to Cortés. Placing the blame for Mexico's conquest on Malintzin creates a foundation for placing upon women the responsibility to be the moral compasses of society and blames them for their sexuality, which is counterintuitive. It is important to understand Malintzin as a victim not of Cortés, but of myth. Chicana feminism calls for an understanding in which she should be praised for the adaptive resistance she exhibited that ultimately led to her survival.

3350: 3217: 1666: 3631: 2951:, the metaphysical land and nation that belongs to Chicano ideologies, as well as how the ideas within the communidad need to move forward into making new forms of culture and community in order to survive. "Feminist critics are committed to the preservation of Chicano culture, but we know that our culture will not survive marital rape, battering, incest, drug and alcohol abuse, AIDS, and the marginalization of lesbian daughters and gay sons." Moraga brings up criticisms of the 3062: 3552: 2775:

knowledge and understandings of self, often time concerning intersecting and various forms of oppression. This theory discloses how a counter-stance cannot be a way of life because it depends on hegemonic constructions of domination, in terms of race, nationality, and culture. A counter-stance locks one into a duel of oppressor and oppressed; locked in mortal combat, like the cop and the criminal, both are reduced to a common denominator of violence.

31: 2248: 2788: 2751: 2003:, the nationwide student organization. At the conference, a workshop was arranged to discuss the role of women in the movement and to address feminist concerns. However, the workshop concluded that, "It was the consensus of the group that the Chicana woman does not want to be liberated." Many scholars such as Anna Nieto-Gómez, find this statement to be one of the decisive actions that sparked the Chicana Feminist Movement. 2779:

canonical text that redefined what it meant to be Chicana. In this theory, being Chicana entails hybridity, contradictions, tolerance for ambiguity, and plurality, nothing is rejected or excluded from histories and legacies of oppression. Further, this theory of embodiment calls for synthesizing all aspects of identity and creating new meanings, not simply balancing or coming together of different aspects of identity.

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in the path to healing, decolonization, cultural appreciation, self-understanding, and self-love. "Nepantleras are threshold people; they move within and among multiple, often conflicting, worlds and refuse to align themselves exclusively with any single individual, group, or belief system." Nepantla is a mode of being for the Chicana and informs the way she experiences the world and various systems of oppression.

3422: 2483: 1756: 2157: 3397:(@veterans_and_rucas). What started as a way for Rosales family to connect over their shared culture through posting images of Chicana/o history and nostalgia soon grew to an archive dedicated to not only ’90 Chicana/o youth culture but also as far back as the 1940s. Additionally, Rosales has created art installations to display the archive away from its original digital format and exhibited solo shows 2201:(CFMN) was founded in 1973. The concept for the CFMN originated during the National Chicano Issues Conference when a group of attending Chicanas noticed that their concerns were not adequately addressed at the Chicano conference. The women met outside of the conference and drafted a framework for the CFMN that established them as active and knowledgeable community leaders of a people's movement. 3040:. During the Chicano Movement, Chicanas used art to express their political and social resistance. Through different art mediums both past and contemporary, Chicana artists have continued to push the boundaries of traditional Mexican-American values. Chicana art utilizes many different mediums to express their views including murals, painting, photography, etc. to embody feminist themes. 1845:, in Chicano cultural production, or even in Chicana feminist discourse, which has been ascribed to the way Pachucas challenged the role of the woman in the traditional family. Pachucas would often arm themselves with self-defense weapons, prepared to ward off potential attackers. The Pachuca was treated as "dangerously masculine monstrously feminine." Women who reject 2935:, Anzaldúa writes that "the mestizo and the queer exist at this time and point on the evolutionary continuum for a purpose. We are blending that proves that all blood is intricately woven together and that we are spawned out of similar souls." This intervention centers queerness as a focal part of liberation, a lived experience that cannot be ignored or excluded. 2817:. This Latina feminist identity draws from the main ideas of womanism by combating inequality and oppression through participation in social justice movements within the Latina/o community. Mujerismo is rooted in the relationships built with the community and emphasizes individual experiences in relation to "communal struggles" to redefine the Latina/o identity. 2565:

multiple other forms of social injustice. Chicana liberation unshackles individuals, as well as the broader group as a whole, allowing them to live lives as they desire – commanding cultural respect and equality. Resilience is an overarching theme of Chicana feminism: the strength it takes to not only divide but bring forth a new mindset of equality.

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they collaborated. Chicana feminist artists often utilized artistic collaborations and collectives that included men, while Anglo-feminist artists generally utilized women-only participants. Through different art mediums both past and contemporary, Chicana artists have continued to push the boundaries of traditional Mexican-American values.

2713:) was born around 1505 to noble indigenous parents in rural Mexico. Since Indigenous women were often used as pawns for political alliances at this time, she was betrayed by her mother and her mother's second husband and sold into slavery to the Mayans to save the inheritance for her newborn brother. Between the ages of 12–14, traded to 2015:"Choices for Chicanas: Education and Occupation," "Marriage: Chicana-Style," "Religion," "Feminist Movement - Do We Have a Place in It?," "Exploitation of Women - The Chicana Perspective," "Women in Politics - Is Anyone There," "Militancy/Conservatism: Which Way Is Forward," and "De Colores y Clases: Class and Ethnic Differences." 2730:

feminism calls for a different understanding. Since nationalism was a concept unknown to Indigenous people in the 16th century, Malintzin had no sense of herself as "Indian," making it impossible for her to show ethnic loyalty or conscientiously act as a traitor. Malintzin was one of millions of women who were traded and sold in

2984:; they raise the consciousness of many Chicana women regarding independence. She goes on to say that Chicanas, whether they are lesbian or not, are taught to conform to certain modes of behavior regarding their sexuality: women are "taught to suppress our sexual desires and needs by conceding all pleasures to the male." 2980:. Chicana lesbians who become mothers break this expectation and become liberated from the social norms of their culture. Trujillo argues that the lesbian existence itself disrupts an established norm of patriarchal oppression. She argues that Chicana lesbians are perceived as a threat because they challenge 1987:

Cassandra Zacarías. The oral histories of these women revealed that they organized community meetings, established connections, between students across various schools and organizations, and published underground newspapers to spread the word of the movement and recruit more student participation and support.

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allows for readers to understand the writer's' location in society. However, while it is important to recognize that identity characteristics situate the writer, they do not necessarily reflect their writing. Anzaldúa notes that this type of labeling has the potential to marginalize those writers who

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lesbian bar. Aguilar utilized her body in the desert as the subject of her photographs wherein she manipulated it to look sculpted from the landscape. In 1990, Aguilar created Three Eagles Flying, a three-panel photograph featuring herself half nude in the center panel with the flag of Mexico and the

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in addition to others. Beginning in 1981 and taking about eight months to finish, the mural consisted of 43 eight-foot panels which tell the history of Los Angeles up to 1981. Carrasco researched the history of Los Angeles and met with historians as she originally planned out the mural. The mural was

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spurred a cultural renaissance among Chicanas and Chicanos. Political art was created by poets, writers, playwrights, and artists and used to defend against their oppression as second-class citizens. During the 1970s, Chicana feminist artists differed from their Anglo-feminist counterparts in the way

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Being solely reactionary means nothing is being created, revived, or renewed in place of the dominant culture and that the dominant culture must remain dominant for counterstance to exist. For Anzaldua and this theory of embodiment, there must be space to create something new. The “new mestiza” was a

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La Malinche has become the representative of a female sexuality that is passive, "rape-able," and always guilty of betrayal. Rather than a traitor or a "whore," Chicana feminism calls for an understanding of her as an agent within her limited means, resisting rape and torture (as was common among her

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in May 1971. The conference attracted over 600 women from all over the United States to discuss issues regarding equal access to education, reproductive justice, formation of childcare centers, and more. The conference was organized into nine different workshops: "Sex and the Chicana: Noun and Verb,"

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The idea of sharing the erased history of Chicanas/os has been popular among Chicana artists beginning in the 1970s until present day. Judy Baca and Judithe Hernández have both utilized the theme or correcting history in reference to their mural works. In contemporary art, Guadalupe Rosales uses the

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as a symbol of a crossroads was important because "language is the vehicle by which we perceive ourselves in relation to the world." The implication is that if we change the language we use to understand ourselves, we can change how we view and act in the world. The goal of Xicanisma for Castillo is

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word which translates to "in the middle of it" or "middle". Nepantla can be described as a concept or spirituality in which multiple realities are experienced at the same time (Duality). As a Chicana, understanding and having indigenous ancestral knowledge of spirituality plays an instrumental role

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Later in the mid-1990s, Dolores Delgado Bernal interviewed eight significant female walkout participants or leaders, bringing attention to the women the media had ignored: Celeste Baca, Vickie Castro, Paula Crisostomo, Mita Cuaron, Tanya Luna Mount, Rosalinda M. González, Rachael Ochoa Cervera, and

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addressing issues of sexuality, public vs. private spheres, reproductive rights, and marital rape. However, women of color were largely excluded from these movements. This urged Chicanas who were feminists and sought to empower women to offer critiques and responses to their exclusion from both the

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for the agricultural industry. Mexican children, especially of darker skin, were only allowed by the U.S. government to attend segregated "Mexican schools." While white schools taught academic preparation, girls at "Mexican schools" were only permitted to be taught homemaking and sewing, while boys

3376:, is known for her "compassionate photography," which often involved using herself as the subject of her work but also individuals who lacked representation in the mainstream: Chicanas, the LBGTQ community, and women of different body types. During the 1990s, Aguilar photographed the patrons of an 2027:

Described as "vendida logic" by scholar Maylei Blackwell, Chicana feminists were often accused of being "vendidas" or traitors to the Chicano movement, described as anti-family, anti-man, and anti-Chicano movement. Alongside vendida, Chicana feminists were called "women's libber," "agringadas," or

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wrote that the Chicana feminist movement was created to adhere to the specific issues which have affected Chicana women, and originated from their treatment in the Chicano Movement and second-wave feminist movements. They sought to be treated equally and be respected. The Chicana feminist movement

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was organized toward empowering the greater Mexican American community, the narratives and focus of the Movement largely ignored the women that were involved with organizing during this period of civil disobedience. Throughout these events, Chicana feminists collectively realized the importance of

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by Suzanne Bost discusses how Chicana feminism has changed the way Chicana women look at body politics. Feminism has moved beyond just looking at identity politics, it now looks at how “the intersections between particular bodies, cultural contexts, and political needs”. It now looks beyond just

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Anzaldúa presents a mode of being for Chicanas that honors their unique standpoint and lived experience. This theory of embodiment offers a mode of being for Chicanas who are constantly negotiating hybridity and cultural collision, and the ways that inform the way they are continuously making new

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Galván, R. T. (2006). Campesina epistemologies and pedagogies of the spirit: Examining women’s sobrevivencia. In D. Delgado Bernal, C. A. Elenes, F. E. Godinez, & S. Villenas (Eds.), Chicana/Latina education in everyday life: Feminista perspectives on pedagogy and epistemology (pp. 161–179).

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By challenging patriarchal and colonial representations, Chicana writers re-construct their relationship to the figure of La Malinche and these other powerful archetypes, and reclaim them in order to re-frame a spirituality and identity that is both decolonizing and empowering. La Malinche is a

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While the event was the first major gathering of its kind, the conference itself was fraught with discord as Chicanas from geographically and ideologically divergent positions sparred over the role of feminism within the Chicano movement. These conflicts led to a walkout on the final day of the

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After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, a scapegoat was needed to justify centuries of colonial rule. Because of Malintzin's relationship with Cortés and her role as translator and informant in Spain's conquest of Mexico, she was seen as a traitor to her race. By contrast, Chicana

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There are many central themes of Chicana feminism that have been developed by Chicanas. Chicana feminism serves to highlight a much greater movement than generally perceived; a variety of minority groups are given a platform to confront their oppressors whether that be racism, homophobia, and

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and her abilities are discussed, as well as Gloria Anzaldúa's diabetes, to illustrated how ability must be discussed when talking about identity. Bost writes that “Since there is no single or constant locus of identification, our analyses must adapt to different cultural frameworks, shifting

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established SPARC. SPARC consisted of studio and workshop spaces for artists. SPARC functioned as an art gallery and also kept records of murals. Today, SPARC is still active and similar to the past, encouraging space for Chicana/o community collaboration in cultural and artistic campaigns.

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from the 1960s to the 1970s. Chicana feminists recognized that empowering women would empower the Chicana/o community, yet routinely faced opposition. Critical developments in the field, including from Chicana lesbian feminists, expanded limited ideas of the Chicana beyond conventional

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for its inability to include racism and classism in their politics. Chicanas during this time felt excluded from mainstream feminist movements because they had different needs, concerns, and demands. Through persistent objections to their exclusions, women have gone from being called

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were a youth group that took on a more militant approach to organizing for the Mexican-American community formed in California in the late 1960s. They heavily valued strong bonds between women, stating that women Berets must acknowledge other women in the organization as

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feelings, and matter that is fluid. our thinking about bodies, identities, and politics must keep moving.” Bost uses examples of contemporary Chicana artists and literature to illustrate this: Chicana feminism has not ended; it is just manifesting in different ways now.

2078:. With the emergence of the Chicano Movement, the structure of Chicano families saw dramatic changes. Specifically, women began to question the positives and negatives of the established family dynamic and where their place was within the Chicano national struggle. 2193:

that would stand for people on either side of the border. The newspaper included topics such as: “gender equality and liberatory ethics to relationships, sexuality, power, women’s status, labor and leadership, familial bonds, and organizational structures.”

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opened in Los Angeles, CA in 1973. In addition to housing women-owned businesses, the center held multiple art galleries and studio spaces. Women of color, including Chicanas, historically experienced racism and discrimination within the building from

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dresses, throughout her career, which last more than 60 years. However, she never received a great deal of fame outside of the San Antonio, despite her long reign as one of the most active Mexican American woman public performers of the 20th century.

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Muralist Judithe Hernández joined the all-male art collective in 1974 as its fifth member. The group already included Frank Romero, Beto de la Rocha, Gilbert Luján, and Carlos Almaráz. The collective was active from the 1970s through the early 1980s.

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questions the construction of Chicano identity in relation with queerness. Offering a critique of the exclusion of people of color from mainstream gay movements as well as the homophobia rampant in Chicano nationalist movements. Moraga also discusses

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National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) - A federal agency founded by Congress in 1935 to administer the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) which protects employees' rights to organize and or serve in unions as bargaining representatives with their

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in addition to over 400 more artists and community youth. Located in Tujunga Flood Control Channel in the Valley Glen area of the San Fernando Valley, the mural depicts California's erased history of marginalized people of color and minorities.

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Vincent Carillo argued that the piece challenged conventional depictions of Chicanas and gendered dynamics. This anthology included poetry and essays by Chicana women creating new understandings of self through their sexuality and race.

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to unlearn colonial and patriarchal constructions and restrictions on women, their sexuality, and their understandings of motherhood: "I will no longer be made to feel ashamed of existing. I will have my voice: Indian, Spanish, white."

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was a member of the performance group Asco from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s. Asco's art spoke about the problems that arise from Chicanas/os unique experience residing at the intersection of racial, gender, and sexual oppression.

2855:" approach to everyday life and relationships. It emphasizes the need to connect the formal, public life of work and education with the private life of culture and the home by privileging cultural experiences. As such, it differs from 2153:, she wrote that the state believed that welfare recipients "should be ashamed of yourselves for living." She organized to protest the slashing of welfare funds for essential needs that were labeled as "special needs" by the state. 1960: 3664:

By challenging their own conflicting backgrounds and ideologies, Chicana musicians have continually broken the gender norms of their culture, and therefore created a space for conversation and change in the Latino communities.

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However, despite the critical importance of these texts, many continued to be left out of critical discourse in Chicana/o studies for decades, and are still often ignored. This indicated a lagging refusal of masculine-focused

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Radical Monarchs - a radical social justice group located in California, for young girls of color to earn social justice badges. Influenced by Brown Berets and Black Panthers, these young girls want to create change in their

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The mural, a tribute to Latina/o farm workers, features Dolores Huerta at the center with two women on either side to represent women's contributions to the United Farmer Workers Movement. In addition to eight other murals,

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and encouraging them to stand together. Membership in the Brown Berets helped to give Chicanas autonomy, and the ability to express their own political views without fear. An important Chicana in the Brown Berets was

2089:, and sexism. This can be said of all non-white women in the United States. Her oppression by the forces of racism and imperialism is similar to that endured by our men. Oppression by sexism, however, is hers alone." 3563:

The first Chicana Feminist Journal was published in 1973, called the Encuentro Femenil: The First Chicana Feminist Journal, which was published by Anna Nieto-Gómez. One of the first Chicana lesbian novels was

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National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference - Organized by the Crusade for Justice, the event came from El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan, which sought to organize the Chicano people around a nationalist program.

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as a concubine, and because of her intelligence and fluency in multiple languages, was promoted to his "wife" and diplomat. She served as Cortés's translator, playing a key role in the Spaniard's conquest of

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at campaign meetings where no one else from the neighborhood was present. She spoke out against the dehumanization of welfare recipients, particularly of Chicana and Black women. In a 1968 article for

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was held in 1969. About 1,500 Mexican American teenagers from throughout the country attended the conference, which led to the branding of the words "Chicanismo," "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," and

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in 2021. The film was noted for its artistic approach to documentary, incorporating a "collage of artworks, stills, documentary footage, narration, and testimonies" through a Chicana feminist lens.

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to shift its views and grant serious attention to Chicana discourses. Major texts associated with this period that are foundational to Chicana/o studies, despite not always acknowledged, include:

3903:- Civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, and Moorfield Storey and Ida B. Wells in order to advance justice for African Americans. 3873:

Alianza Hispano-Americana - Founded in 1894, the Alianza members promoted civic virtues and acculturation, provided social activities and various health benefits and insurance for its members.

2682:: the positive role model and the negative one. These figures are historically and continuously held up before Mexican women and Chicanas as icons and mirrors in which to examine their own 1706: 2510:

being imposed onto women. Xicanisma speaks to the need to not only reclaim one's Indigenous roots and spirituality, but to "reinsert the forsaken feminine into our consciousness" that was

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myth, in which the domestic Spanish Woman is viewed as good and the Indigenous Woman that is a part of the community is viewed as bad. Chicana feminist thought emerged as a response to

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influenced many Chicanas to be more active and to defend their rights not just as single women, but as women in solidarity who come together forming a society with equal contribution.

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understanding of them is a crucial element of contemporary Chicana feminism, and represents the starting point for a reclamation of Chicana female power, sexuality, and spirituality.

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is the only measurement for determining a woman's worth and virtue. For women like Lopez, the image of Guadalupe possessed a significance that was not pertinent to religion at all.

3653:, from the 1940s and 50s, can be credited with many of strides that Chicana Feminist movements have made in the past century. For example, Vidaurri and Aceves were among the first 3668:

There are many important figures in Chicana music history, each one giving a new social identity to Chicanas through their music. An important example of a Chicana musician is

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United States of opposite sides as her body is tied up by the rope and her face covered. The triptych represents the imprisonment she feels by the two cultures she belongs to.

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recognizes how personal experiences are valuable sources of knowledge. The development of all these components form a foundation for collective action in the form of activism.

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experiences that they faced recognized. Chicanas identify as being consciously aware, self-determined, and proud of their roots, heritage, and experience while prioritizing

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Adair, Cassius; Nakamura, Lisa (June 2017). "The Digital Afterlives of This Bridge Called My Back : Woman of Color Feminism, Digital Labor, and Networked Pedagogy".

2585:. These archetypes have prevented Chicanas from achieving sexual and bodily agency due to the ways they have been historically constructed as negative categories through 2081:

Chicanas were not only experienced the effects of racism and imperialism in white America, but also sexism within their own families. In the seminal text “La Chicana”,

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Sixteenth-century Spanish was different from modern Spanish and had an x used to represent the sh sound. Thus, Tlaxcala is Tlash-KAH-lah and Texcoco is Tesh-KOH-koh.

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race, and incorporates intersectionality, and how mobility, accessibility, ability, caregivers and their roles in lives, work with the body of Chicanas. Examples of

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family. Most Mexican Americans, especially of low-income and non-white complexion, who did not grow up in elite families were subject to much different conditions.

3548:, also published by Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press. The Spanish language has been referred to as a vital component to the preservation of Chicana culture. 7036:

Balderrama, Francisco. In Defense of La Raza: The Los Angeles Mexican Consulate and the Mexican Community, 1929–1936. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1982.

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Jaffary, Nora E.; Osowski, Edward W.; Porter, Susie S., eds. (2009). "12. The Nahua Interpreter Malintzin Translates for Hernan Cortés and Moteucçoma (1580)".

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has been used in Chicano and Mexican communities as a symbol to suppress women's liberation, by framing feminism or sexual expression as inherently traitorous.

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via numerous foundational texts covering Chicana lives and experiences. Many of these works covered themes that had not been examined in depth, including

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I am Aztldn: The Personal Essay in Chicano Studies, ed. Chon A. Noriega and Wendy Belcher (Los Angeles: UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center Press, 2004)

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is a sociopolitical movement, theory, and praxis that scrutinizes the historical, cultural, spiritual, educational, and economic intersections impacting

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Zetterman, Eva (1 March 2016). "Claims by Anglo American feminists and Chicanas/os for alternative space: The LA art scene in the political 1970s".

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is a symbol of the challenges Chicanas face as a result of the unique oppression they experience religiously, culturally, and through their gender.

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singer is a symbol of Chicana feminism for many Mexican Americans still today. She was described as "larger than life", repeatedly performing in

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halted after Carrasco refused alterations demanded from City Hall due to her depictions of formerly enslaved entrepreneur and philanthropist

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and how it has been ignoring the issues within the movement itself, and that needs to be addressed in order for the culture to be preserved.

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DuBois, Ellen Carol, and Vicki L. Ruiz, eds. Unequal Sisters: A multicultural Reader in U.S. Women's History. New York: Routledge, 1990.

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was created in 1974 as a Chicana feminist legal organization to defend the legal rights of Mexican American women. It was initiated by

2130:. Employees of the Farah Manufacturing Company went on strike to stand for job security and their right to establish and join a union. 568: 3508:) have expressed their own definitions of Chicana feminism through their books. Moraga and Anzaldúa edited an anthology of writing by 2043:, racism, classism, and colonialism as well as a response to all the ways that these legacies of oppression have become internalized. 106:, poetry, music, and film continue to shape Chicana feminism in new directions. Chicana feminism is often placed in conversation with 6380: 5228:"'Revolutionary Sisters': Women's Solidarity and Collective Identification among Chicana Brown Berets in East Los Angeles, 1967–1970" 5115: 2228: 7327:

Rodriguez, Samantha M. (2014). "Carving Spaces for Feminism and Nationalism: Texas Chicana Activism during the Chicana/O Movement".

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Havlin, Natalie (2015). "'To Live a Humanity under the Skin': Revolutionary Love and Third World Praxis in 1970s Chicana Feminism".

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and addressed issues of employment, health, education, and housing rights for Chicanas. It monitored the implementation of the

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conference. According to Anna Nieto-Gómez, "the walkout distinguished the conflict between Chicana feminists and loyalists."

1535: 2198: 405: 8358: 8294: 6772: 3672:, an artist from San Antonio, Texas. Popular in the mid 20th century, she was called "San Antonio's First Lady of Song" by 2426: 1048: 455: 7439: 4408: 8040: 7888: 4778:"East Los Angeles students walkout for educational reform (East L.A. Blowouts), 1968 | Global Nonviolent Action Database" 3897:– Located in Long Beach, CA this museum expands knowledge and appreciation of modern and contemporary Latin American art. 3519: 1996: 1381: 460: 7402:

Trujillo, Carla, ed. Chicana Lesbians: The Girls Our Mothers Warned Us About. Berkeley, Calif.: Third Woman Press, 1991.

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Dicochea, Perlita R. (2004). "Chicana Critical Rhetoric: Recrafting La Causa in Chicana Movement Discourse, 1970-1979".

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Dicochea, Perlita R. (2004). "Chicana Critical Rhetoric: Recrafting La Causa in Chicana Movement Discourse, 1970-1979".

4182: 3891:– Empowers Latina youth, helping young girls to build self-esteem and confidence through photography and self-expression 2734:. With no way to escape a group of men, and inevitably rape, Malintzin showed loyalty to Cortés to ensure her survival. 8135: 8009: 7724: 5616:

Blea, Irene I. 1992. La Chicana and the Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers. 146.

4912: 3463:– Our Lady of Controversy "Irreverent Apparition" (2001). This image is mixed media and is a sacrilegious depiction of 3169:. Not many Chicana artists were allowed to participate in the Woman's Building's exhibitions or shows. Chicana artists 2742:

victim of centuries of patriarchal myths that permeate the Mexican woman's consciousness, often without her awareness.

2007: 1349: 1228: 910: 523: 410: 4578: 4524: 4482: 8196: 8149: 7373: 7177: 7070: 7030: 7012: 6994: 6956: 6610: 6539:

Serna, Cristina (2017). "Locating A Transborder Archive of Queer Chicana Feminist and Mexican Lesbian Feminist Art".

6279: 6138: 6106: 5999: 5689: 5661: 5583: 5547: 5458: 5365: 4647: 4551: 4388: 4110: 4085: 4020: 3425:

Yolanda Lopez's 1978 rendition of La Virgen de Guadalupe, titled 'Portrait of the Artist as the Virgen of Guadalupe.'

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developed Xicanisma to reinvigorate Chicana feminism and reflect a shift in consciousness since the Chicano Movement.

1972: 2726:. She bore Cortés a son, Martín, who is considered to be the first mestizo and the beginning of the "Mexican" race. 2126:, 1972–1974, labeled the "strike of the century," was organized and led by Mexican American women predominantly in 8279: 8068: 6514:"Guadalupe Rosales used Instagram to create an archive of Chicano youth of the '90s — now it's an art installation" 5285: 3446: 3273: 2054: 1640: 1409: 7444: 1908: 931: 8353: 8343: 8047: 7791: 6850: 2258:

From the late 1970s to the early 1990s, Chicana feminism made significant developments in the forging of Chicana

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discusses how being a Chicana lesbian is incredibly difficult due to their culture's expectations on family and

2757:'s (September 26, 1942 – May 15, 2004) works and theories were foundational to a resurgence in Chicana feminism. 2138:

One of the first Chicana organizations was the East Los Angeles Chicana Welfare Rights Organization, founded by

1945:

to introducing the adoption of a/o or o/a as a way of acknowledging both genders when discussing the community.

6312:

Cordova, Cary. "Hombres Y Mujeres Muralistas on a Mission: Painting Latino Identities in 1970s San Francisco."

4138:. Christa Davis Acampora, Trystan T. Cotten. Albany: State University of New York Press. 2007. pp. 42–43. 3793:– Associate Professor in the Chicano and Chicana Studies Department at University of California, Santa Barbara. 875: 4810:"Grassroots Leadership Reconceptualized: Chicana Oral Histories and the 1968 East Los Angeles School Blowouts" 4751:"Nieto-Gomez, Anna: "La Feminista", 1974 | Special Collections & University Archives Finding Aid Database" 3231:

along with assistants Claudia Escobedes, Erick Montenegro, Vladimir Morales, and Sonia Ramos began the mural,

2915:

Chicana feminist theory evolved as a theory of embodiment and a theory of flesh due to the canonical works of

2881:

Nepantla is often associated with author Chicana feminist Gloria Anzaldúa, who coined the term, "Nepantlera."

2116:

was a major force in the labor organization of farmworkers. The testimony of the migrant farm worker activist

8348: 8289: 8242: 7698: 3885:– Promotes social justice and human rights of Latina women and girls through a reproductive justice framework 3256: 2791: 1933: 1822:

because of their challenge to gender norms and were treated as "dangerously masculine monstrously feminine."

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in Texas. It made a difference in the lives of thousands of women. The organization came to an end in 1983.

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in 1994 to reinvigorate Chicana feminism and recognize a shift in consciousness that had occurred since the

3650: 2460: 2143: 1842: 1819: 1587: 215: 7663: 3916:- Young feminists of color in East Los Angeles who empower women through their bicycle brigades and rides. 480: 8182: 7678: 5227: 3945: 3468: 3252: 3080: 2189:

began as an activist rap group and would later become a feminist newspaper by 1971. There was a focus on

1529: 1291: 889: 834: 435: 262: 35: 5309:"La Hermandad and Chicanas Organizing: The Community Rhetoric of the Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional" 3716: 2514:. It therefore challenges the masculine-focused aspects of the movement and the patriarchal bias of the 7570: 6946: 5952: 5389: 4315: 4167: 3826: 3757: 3514: 3244:

was deemed historically significant by the Department of Cultural Affairs. In 2016, the restoration on

2336: 2102: 1804:, yet segregation still continued in practice in many areas because of continuing racist attitudes and 1088: 385: 315: 7343: 6638:

Anzaldua, Gloria. (1994). To(o) Queer the Writer—Loca, escritoria y chicana. from Betsy Warland, Ed.,

5953:"From Borderlands and New Mestizas to Nepantlas and Nepantleras: Anzaldúan Theories for Social Change" 5867:"Are All Raza Womyn Queer? An Exploration of Sexual Identity in a Chicana/Latina Student Organization" 2616: 8338: 8274: 7883: 3454:

It defied the reverence and holiness of La Virgen by being depicted as a tattoo on a lesbian's back.

3360:

Performance art was not as popularly utilized among Chicana artists but it still had its supporters.

3032:

Art gives Chicana women a platform to voice their unique challenges and experiences, such as artists

2204: 1775:(pictured) was turned away from enrolling at a "white school." Mexican American children, especially 1635: 1592: 1324: 896: 748: 305: 17: 7628: 7424:

Whaley, Charlotte. Nina Otero-Warren of Santa Fe. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.

7001:

Making Face. Making Soul: Haciendo Caras: Creative & Critical Perspectives by Feminists of Color

3188:

Murals were the preferred medium of street art used by Chicana artists during the Chicano Movement.

2097: 1271: 440: 8210: 7878: 7590: 6754: 2827:

refers to the individual who identifies with these beliefs. The origins of these terms began with

2236: 1081: 965: 677: 430: 335: 242: 7668: 7623: 6797: 6355: 5209:"¡La Lucha Continua! Gloria Arellanes and the Making of a Chicano Movement in El Monte and Beyond" 4750: 2589:. Shifting the discourse from a traditional (patriarchal) representation of these archetypes to a 1811: 485: 380: 8373: 7964: 7366:

Separate Roads to Feminism: Black, Chicana, and White Feminist Movements in America's Second Wave

6625:

De La Tierra, Tatiana. "Activist Latina Lesbian Publishing: esto no tiene nombre and conmoción."

5360:. Vicki Ruíz, Virginia Sánchez Korrol. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2006. p. 151. 4184:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures: The Civilizations of Mexico and Central America

3839:– Activist and writer during the Chicana Feminist Movement and the Chicano Civil Rights Movement. 3740: 3429:

Yolanda López and Ester Hernandez are two Chicana feminist artists who used reinterpretations of

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in the 1940s, have sometimes been reframed through a feminist lens because of their challenge to

1785: 1630: 1253: 1112: 979: 290: 257: 5838: 3544:. Mariana Roma-Carmona, Alma Gómez, and Cherríe Moraga published a collection of stories titled 8189: 7813: 7775: 7758: 7336: 5925:

Fleshing the Spirit: Spirituality and Activism in Chicana, Latina, and Indigenous Women's Lives

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Chicana lesbian-feminist poet Gloria Anzaldúa points out that labeling a writer based on their

3308: 3201: 2635: 2620: 2434: 2259: 2220: 2212: 1805: 1749: 1575: 1233: 972: 562: 415: 198: 5450: 2186: 425: 8264: 8259: 8168: 8082: 8019: 7999: 7868: 7729: 5967: 5886: 5741: 4982: 4929: 4847: 4662:

Roth, Benita. 2004. Separate Roads to Feminism. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 12.

4037: 3144: 2679: 2662: 2586: 2574: 2541: 2511: 2507: 1801: 1759: 1625: 1620: 1466: 1423: 1360: 1223: 1152: 528: 310: 252: 5442: 4878:

Reflecting on the Chicana Regional Conference of 1971: Fifty Years of Chicana Feminism in LA

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It took five summers to complete the 700-meter-long mural. The mural was completed by Baca,

2082: 1276: 8202: 8075: 7823: 7770: 7688: 7683: 7595: 7575: 3960: 3576: 3556: 3377: 3170: 2802: 2731: 2710: 2675: 2279: 2028:

lesbians. Chicanas who prioritized the Chicano movement and cause were known as Loyalists.

1888: 1879: 1741: 1729: 1670: 1416: 1190: 827: 579: 445: 400: 340: 320: 72: 8061: 3645:

Continually left absent from Chicano music history, many Chicana musical artists, such as

3197: 3111: 3037: 1402: 8: 8156: 7898: 7693: 7673: 5183: 5137:

A more beautiful and terrible history : the uses and misuses of civil rights history

4135:

Unmaking race, remaking soul : transformative aesthetics and the practice of freedom

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has produced documentary films on the Chicana experience through a Chicana feminist lens.

2795: 2590: 2472: 2271: 2147: 1979:

On March 1, 1968, approximately 15,000 students participated in what became known as the

1965: 1884: 1875: 1871: 1737: 1515: 667: 629: 500: 450: 107: 61: 7350:

Roots of Chicano Politics, 1600–1940. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.

6829: 6811: 5576:

Creating Aztlán: Chicano Art, Indigenous Sovereignty, and Lowriding Across Turtle Island

5107: 4580:

Chicano Art Inside/Outside the Master's House: Cultural Politics and the CARA Exhibition

3775: 3669: 3079:

was a women's art collective in the Mission District of San Francisco. Members included

8162: 8026: 7989: 7833: 7648: 7643: 7555: 7524: 7514: 7301: 7293: 7246: 7238: 7209: 7201: 7154: 7146: 7117: 6556: 6052: 6044: 5878: 5831: 5516: 5493:. Michele Shaul, Kathryn Quinn-Sánchez, Amrita Das. Cham, Switzerland. pp. 30–31. 5383: 5328: 5163: 4829: 4702: 4694: 4498: 4356: 4305: 4259: 4161: 3940: 3288: 3076: 3069: 2927:

in Chicana feminist thought called for the inclusion and the honoring of the cultures’

2714: 2604: 2059: 2032: 1980: 1867: 1768: 1367: 1243: 1142: 796: 791: 596: 420: 395: 285: 237: 177: 157: 103: 7449: 6937: 6812:"GARZA, EVA - The Handbook of Texas Online- Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)" 6411:"2021 National Film Registry Selections Reflect Diversity & Challenge Stereotypes" 6297:"How Mexico's Zapatistas Helped Inspire a Feminist, Chicana Art Movement of East L.A." 3814: 3501: 2916: 2828: 2762: 2694: 2594: 2319: 8089: 7585: 7580: 7484: 7411: 7369: 7317: 7305: 7265: 7213: 7173: 7158: 7066: 7045: 7026: 7008: 6990: 6968: 6952: 6727: 6689: 6662: 6606: 6603:

Massacre of the Dreamers : Essays on Xicanisma. 20th Anniversary Updated Edition

6560: 6518: 6491: 6487:"Photographer Laura Aguilar, chronicler of the body and Chicano identity, dies at 58" 6465: 6385: 6275: 6198: 6159: 6134: 6102: 6056: 6036: 5995: 5928: 5842: 5778: 5768: 5685: 5657: 5599: 5579: 5553: 5543: 5504: 5494: 5454: 5443: 5421: 5371: 5361: 5332: 5151: 5141: 5042: 5017: 4990: 4937: 4908: 4706: 4643: 4584: 4557: 4530: 4474: 4464: 4414: 4384: 4360: 4348: 4293: 4283: 4263: 4215: 4188: 4149: 4139: 4106: 4081: 4045: 4016: 3955: 3888: 3857:- American historian with a focus on Mexican-American women in the twentieth century. 3820: 3673: 3575:

Juanita Ramos and the Latina Lesbian History Project compiled an anthology including

3480: 3410: 3390: 3084: 2977: 2806: 2117: 2071: 1913: 1870:

or white women combated sexism in the white community through waves of feminism; the

1437: 1430: 370: 330: 325: 125: 7818: 7250: 7184:

Garcia, Alma M. (1989). "The Development of Chicana Feminist Discourse, 1970-1980".

6941: 6381:"After 27 years in a warehouse, a once-censored mural rises in L.A.'s Union Station" 4677:

Garcia, Alma M. (1989). "The Development of Chicana Feminist Discourse, 1970-1980".

4526:

The Woman in the Zoot Suit: Gender, Nationalism, and the Cultural Politics of Memory

3799:– Essayist, poet, activist educator, and artist in residence at Stanford University. 3796: 3611: 3497: 2943: 2345: 1929:

connecting issues of gender with the other liberatory aims of the Chicano Movement.

634: 8312: 7923: 7913: 7903: 7893: 7780: 7610: 7504: 7391: 7285: 7230: 7193: 7138: 7096: 7076: 6583: 6548: 6267: 6244: 6188: 6028: 5729: 5720:

Hurtado, Aída (April 1998). "Sitios y Lenguas : Chicanas Theorize Feminisms".

5320: 5242: 4821: 4686: 4607: 4338: 4251: 4008: 3836: 3603: 3260: 3228: 3205: 3115: 3044: 2952: 2515: 2304: 2251: 2190: 2179: 2139: 1925: 1248: 1074: 882: 854: 743: 584: 495: 355: 133: 87: 68: 67:

Chicana feminism encouraged women to reclaim their existence between and among the

4101:

Lerate, Jesús; Ángeles Toda Iglesia, María (2007). "Entrevista con Ana Castillo".

3842: 3527: 2651: 2402: 1794:

were taught gardening and bootmaking. This maintained class and income divisions.

7740: 7600: 7560: 7550: 7004: 6986: 6193: 4553:

Gang Nation: Delinquent Citizens in Puerto Rican, Chicano, and Chicana Narratives

3935: 3848: 3808: 3591: 3441: 3277: 3096: 3092: 3033: 2999: 2647: 2639: 2275: 2263: 1020: 998: 917: 705: 639: 539: 345: 295: 280: 7382:

Saldivar-Hull, Sonia (April 1999). "Women hollering transfronteriza feminisms".

7378:

Ruiz, Vicki L. From out of the Shadows. Oxford University Publishing Inc., 1998.

6951:. Watertown, Massachusetts: Persephone Press, c1981., Kitchen Table Press, 1983 6776: 5971: 5890: 3485: 7969: 7843: 7828: 7197: 4690: 4330: 3965: 3950: 3930: 3913: 3830: 3802: 3790: 3784: 3734: 3728: 3704: 3654: 3532:

Esta Puente, Mi Espalda: Voces de Mujeres Tercermundistas en los Estados Unidos

3509: 3304: 3292: 3166: 3025: 3020: 2988: 2973: 2920: 2631:, which are construed as defining characteristics of a woman's worth or status. 2388: 2329: 2224: 2208: 2127: 2113: 1917: 1859: 1783:

Prior to the late 1940s, Mexican American children often grew up in segregated

1745: 1319: 1195: 1117: 820: 801: 232: 7100: 5733: 5508: 5155: 4876: 4331:"Latin American decolonial feminisms: theoretical perspectives and challenges" 3088: 2876: 1975:

walkout, part of a series of 1968 student protests for education reform in LA.

8332: 8054: 7979: 7959: 7863: 7838: 6972: 6587: 6248: 6202: 6040: 5782: 5246: 4478: 4352: 4297: 3854: 3681: 3646: 3607: 3373: 3361: 3353: 3216: 3209: 2573:

Central to much of Chicana feminism is a reclaiming of the female archetypes

2374: 2109: 1772: 1395: 1132: 1107: 644: 53: 7395: 6864: 6461:

Chicana Movidas: New Narratives of Activism and Feminism in the Movement Era

6181:"Vicente Carrillo. Review of "To Tame a Wild Tongue: Art after Chicanismo" " 5557: 5375: 4153: 3879:– Promotes healing, growth, and confidence for girls through music education 3805:- Launched the National Farm Worker's Association with César Chavez in 1962 3460: 2863:

is to integrate body, emotion, spirit and community into a single identity.

7984: 7938: 7928: 7853: 7848: 7257: 7058: 5992:

Encarnacion : Illness and Body Politics in Chicana Feminist Literature

5490:

Contemporary U.S. Latinx literature in Spanish : straddling identities

5488: 5135: 4279:

Postcoloniality - decoloniality - black critique : joints and fissures

3769: 3638: 3630: 3580: 3523: 3505: 3322: 3148: 3065: 2836: 2814: 2723: 2719: 2552: 2439: 2414: 2406: 2378: 2169: 2161: 2123: 1838: 1834: 1790: 1314: 1286: 1205: 1137: 958: 903: 868: 753: 733: 728: 710: 700: 574: 375: 83: 7234: 7142: 7108:

Davalos, Karen Mary (2008). "Sin Vergüenza: Chicana Feminist Theorizing".

6271: 5762: 5324: 4934:

Voicing Chicana Feminisms: Young Women Speak Out on Sexuality and Identity

4458: 4277: 4255: 4012: 3349: 3173:

and Rosalyn Mesquite were among the few included. Additionally, the group

2654:, sought to reclaim the image of La Virgen and deconstruct the ideal that 7858: 7785: 7734: 6552: 6458:

Espinoza, Dionne; Cotera, María Eugenia; Blackwell, Maylei (2018-06-01).

6180: 5537: 5355: 5039:

Forged under the sun: the life of María Elena Lucas = Forjada bajo el sol

4133: 3763: 3692: 3269: 3015: 2903: 2669: 2582: 2267: 2232: 2086: 1948: 1309: 1185: 1122: 695: 533: 99: 57: 7242: 7121: 5882: 5261:"¡La Lucha Continua! Gloria Arellanes and Women in the Chicano Movement" 4905:¡Chicana Power!: Contested Histories of Feminism in the Chicano Movement 4343: 3551: 3450:

Painting recognizes lesbian love and challenges the traditional role of

3061: 2494:

is not only a letter, but a symbol of being or existing at a crossroads.

8142: 7633: 7297: 7276:

Moya, Paula M. L. (2001). "Chicana Feminism and Postmodernist Theory".

7150: 6048: 6016: 5920: 4833: 4809: 4640:

Rethinking the Borderlands: Between Chicano Culture and Legal Discourse

3722: 3698: 3598:

Since the 1990s, there has been a rise in Chicana literature embracing

2683: 2578: 2557: 2537: 2524: 2292: 2040: 1570: 490: 390: 247: 91: 7205: 5866: 4698: 2859:

which focuses on the historic context of the feminist movement. To be

30: 7943: 7918: 5041:. Women and culture series. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 4282:. Sabine Bröck-Sallah, Carsten Junker. Frankfurt. 2014. p. 260. 3876: 3744: 3710: 3634: 3535: 3456:

La Virgen de Guadalupe Defendiendo los Derechos de Los Xicanos (1975)

3189: 3140: 2899:

Encarnación: Illness and Body Politics in Chicana Feminist Literature

2706: 2699: 2655: 2476: 951: 758: 7714: 7618: 4825: 3882: 2948: 2247: 365: 7974: 7873: 7529: 7289: 7087:

Córdova, Teresa (December 1998). "Anti-colonial Chicana feminism".

6032: 5542:(3rd ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 433. 5445:

Mestiz@ Scripts, Digital Migrations, and the Territories of Writing

4628:, by Aída Hurtado. (New York, NY: New York University Press, 2003). 3970: 2981: 2882: 2852: 2810: 2643: 2624: 1851: 1826: 1815: 1776: 1565: 1238: 1127: 738: 167: 6415:

ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More

4381:

Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement

3901:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

2787: 2750: 2709:(also known as Doña Marina by the Spaniards or "La Malinche" post- 2623:

has been upheld in Chicano and Mexican communities as a symbol of

2254:

who authored Diosa y Hembra (1976) and The Chicana Feminist (1977)

2231:(CETA), which successfully led to an increase in Chicana women in 1855:

may "not see or want to recognize herself" in the Pachuca figure.

649: 7933: 7519: 7509: 7499: 7480: 5652:

Schroeder, Susan; Wood, Stephanie; Haskett, Robert (1997). "14".

2886: 2502:

is a reference to Indigenous survival after hundreds of years of

2075: 2011: 1899: 1846: 1830: 1796: 1764: 672: 172: 162: 121: 56:. Chicana feminism empowers women to challenge institutionalized 49: 45: 7908: 5812:

Contemporary Chicana Literature: (Re)Writing the Maternal Script

4848:"Chicano Movement Geography - Mapping American Social Movements" 3421: 2301:

Diosa y Hembra: The History and Heritage of Chicanas in the U.S.

1755: 1200: 8235: 7797: 7534: 3677: 3658: 2628: 2156: 2133: 1863: 1580: 182: 95: 7262:

The Color of Privilege: Three Blasphemies on Race and Feminism

6908: 4078:

Feminism on the Border: Chicana Gender Politics and Literature

2482: 1740:. In the early twentieth century, this included women such as 6963:

Alarcón, Norma; Castillo, Ana; Moraga, Cherríe, eds. (1989).

6851:"Women Who Rock Oral History Archive :: Martha Gonzalez" 6658:

Buenas Noches, American Culture: Latina/o Aesthetics of Night

5904: 5902: 5900: 5357:

Latinas in the United States : a historical encyclopedia

3900: 3530:, adapted this anthology into a Spanish-language text titled 3492:(2017) is one of the most influential Chicana feminist poets. 3248:

began after graffiti and another mural were painted over it.

2413:

Xicanisma is an intervention in Chicana feminism proposed by

2120:

reveals the enormous difficulties of organizing farmworkers.

2000: 1728:

Mexican children in a segregated company housing facility in

465: 5921:"Nepantla Spirituality: My Path to the Source(s) of Healing" 4410:

Latinas in the United States, set: A Historical Encyclopedia

3134: 2971:

Chicana Lesbians: Fear and Loathing in the Chicano Community

2761:

The concept of "The New Mestiza" comes from feminist author

7658: 6826:"Gloria Ríos: La reina ignorada del rock and roll mexicano" 4907:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 161–164. 3444:

references the sacred Virgen de Guadalupe in her painting,

2650:. Members of the Chicana feminist movement, such as artist 2560:

have been explored in Latin American feminism more broadly.

2242: 1891:, which formed the basis of Chicana feminism by the 1960s. 475: 7434: 6331:"The 'Fiery' Visions of Iconic L.A. Artist Carlos Almaráz" 5897: 4100: 3110:' members were women only and included artists Judy Baca, 2745: 2605:

the subversive power of reclaiming Indigenous spirituality

2459:

refers to this colonial encounter between the Spanish and

2235:'s programs. The organization also filed lawsuits for the 2031:

Women also sought to battle the internalized struggles of

6356:"Iconic LA mural SAVED: "La Ofrenda" by Yreina Cervantez" 4329:

Martínez-Cairo, Bárbara; Buscemi, Emanuela (2021-12-12).

3829:- Chicana artivist and co-leader of Grammy Award-winning 3259:

featuring previously mistreated or censored murals chose

2351:

Loving in the War Years: Lo Que Nunca Pasó Por Sus Labios

4930:"Review of Part I: Implications for Feminist Theorizing" 4208:

Aldama, Arturo J.; Aldama, Frederick Luis (2020-09-08).

2085:, asserts that: " is oppressed by the forces of racism, 60:

and regards anyone a feminist who fights for the end of

7479: 7170:

Chicana Feminist Thought: The Basic Historical Writings

7083:. Austin, Texas: Information Systems Development, 1977. 7025:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2003. 6723:

Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of la Onda

6685:

Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of la Onda

6457: 6131:

Chicana Lesbians: The Girls Our Mothers Warned Us About

4987:

Chicana Feminist Thought: The Basic Historical Writings

4968:

Chicana Feminist Thought: The Basic Historical Writings

4407:

Ruiz, Vicki L.; Korrol, Virginia Sánchez (2006-05-03).

4042:

Chicana Feminist Thought: The Basic Historical Writings

3778:– Key organizer of the Chicana Movement and founder of 3649:

and María de Luz Flores Aceves, more commonly known as

2993:

Chicana Lesbians: The Girls Our Mothers Warned Us About

2385:

Chicana Lesbians: The Girls Our Mothers Warned Us About

1736:

Some Mexican American women were involved in the early

7353:

Roma-Carmona, Mariana, Alma Gomez and Cherríe Moraga.

6099:

Latino/a Thought : Culture, Politics, and Society

5417:

With Her Machete in Her Hand: Reading Chicana Lesbians

4614:. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference. pp. 249–251. 4335:

Amérique Latine Histoire et Mémoire. Les Cahiers ALHIM

2066:

Chicana feminists challenged their prescribed role in

2033:

self-hatred rooted in the colonization of their people

7065:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994. 6962: 4730:

Anzaldúa, G. (1999). La conciencia de la mestiza. In

4328: 3606:, particularly bridging Chicana experiences with the 2022: 1990: 6798:"KUTX » Ventura Alonzo, Queen of the Accordion" 6262:

Garcia, Alma M. (2014-04-23). Garcia, Alma M (ed.).

6101:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 212. 6077:

Borderlands La Frontera The New Mestiza, 4th Edition

5795: 5651: 2642:, has long been looked to as an exemplary figure of 1971:

Ruth Robinson (right) with Margarita Sanchez at the

1955: 7063:

Massacre of the dreamers : essays on Xicanisma

7042:

Between Borders: Essays on Mexicana/Chicana History

3766:- Professor of Sociology at Santa Clara University. 3325:filmmaker who was created several films, including 3155: 2611: 2447:) and so they represented this sound with a letter 1912:A young woman talking with a group of young men in 6688:. The University of Minnesota Press. p. vii. 5830: 5656:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 292–312. 5013:Intersectional Chicana Feminisms: Sitios y Lenguas 4080:. University of California Press. pp. 29–34. 2112:was an early Mexican American labor organizer and 1841:. The Pachuca is often not a celebrated figure in 98:identity. Chicana cultural productions, including 82:formed as a significant intervention developed by 5927:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 167–186. 5746:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 4606: 3579:'s first published poem, "De ambiente", and many 3522:) in the early 1980s. Cherríe Moraga, along with 2843:(1994), and Gloria Anzaldúa and Cherríe Moraga's 8330: 8300:List of Mexican-American political organizations 7264:. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1996. 6726:. The University of Minnesota Press. p. 3. 6640:Inversions: Writings by Queer Dykes and Lesbians 6158:. Berkeley, California: Seal Press. p. 65. 5864: 5860: 5858: 4737:(pp. 78-91). San Francisco, CA: Aunt Lute Books. 4672: 4670: 4668: 3737:– East Los Angeles Chicano alternative rock band 2965:Lesbian feminism § Chicana lesbian feminism 2182:, the only female minister of the Brown Berets. 7168:García, Alma M., and Mario T. Garcia, editors. 5016:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 14–15. 4642:. University of California Press. p. 134. 4637: 4001:"The Development of Chicana Feminist Discourse" 3610:context. For instance, this is demonstrated in 3496:Since the 1970s, many Chicana writers (such as 3393:began the Instagram account which would become 1800:racial segregation was overturned in 1947 with 6605:. University of New Mexico Press. p. 35. 5994:. Fordham University Press. pp. 193–234. 5798:Mexican history : a primary source reader 5420:. University of Texas Press. pp. xvi-20. 4807: 3863:- longtime social justice activist and author. 2940:Queer Aztlán: the Reformation of Chicano Tribe 2142:in 1967. She became a vocal representative of 1849:identity and prefer to identify themselves as 7465: 7381: 6661:. Indiana University Press. pp. 241–42. 6573: 5855: 5286:"Yo Soy Chicana: A Chicana Feminist Movement" 4665: 4075: 3192:led the first large-scale-project for SPARC, 1700: 6865:"Dolores Huerta | Dolores Huerta Foundation" 6642:, 263-276. Vancouver: Press Gang Publishers. 6079:. San Francisco: aunt lute. pp. 99–114. 5625:"The Research Context", by Aída Hurtado. In 5578:. University of Arizona Press. p. 221. 5087:Shabecoff, Philip Shabecoff (16 June 1973). 4624:"The Research Context", by Aída Hurtado. In 4214:. University of Arizona Press. p. 258. 4207: 3688:Other Chicana musicians and musical groups: 2841:Massacre of the Dreamer: Essays in Xicanisma 2394: 2134:Chicana Feminist Organizations (1960s–1970s) 8318:Category:American people of Mexican descent 6017:"Chicana Feminism and Postmodernist Theory" 5909:Albany: State University of New York Press. 5573: 4610:; Oyster, Carol; Sloan, Jane, eds. (2011). 4460:Chicano education in the era of segregation 3883:California Latinas for Reproductive Justice 3276:citizens during World War II, and the 1943 2958: 2092: 7472: 7458: 6464:. University of Texas Press. p. 304. 5521:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5168:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5089:"Farah Strike Has Become War of Attrition" 5037:Lucas, María Elena; Buss, Fran L. (1993). 4503:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4406: 4310:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4035: 3413:to share Chicana/o history and nostalgia. 3356:is a prominent Chicana performance artist. 2805:in 1996 and was largely influenced by the 2646:and motherhood, especially in Mexican and 2451:in the 16th-century Spanish language. The 2058:Mexican American woman washing clothes in 1707: 1693: 7326: 6234: 6192: 5133: 5086: 5036: 4902: 4413:. Indiana University Press. p. 550. 4342: 3731:– Tejana indie rock band from San Antonio 3135:Social Public Art Resource Center (SPARC) 2229:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 2046: 7316:, Latina Lesbian History Project, 1987, 7128: 7039: 6982:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 6897:. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. 6654: 6600: 6512:Miranda, Carolina A. (19 October 2018). 6294: 6178: 6128: 6074: 5828: 5682:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 5679: 5413: 5225: 5063:"The Best of the Texas Century—Business" 4980: 4456: 4241: 4187:. Oxford University Press. p. 182. 4180: 3867: 3851:– Key contributor to Chicana literature. 3629: 3595:do not conform to the dominant culture. 3550: 3541:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 3484: 3420: 3348: 3287: 3215: 3060: 3019: 2870: 2786: 2768:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 2749: 2693: 2689: 2615: 2587:the lenses of patriarchy and colonialism 2551: 2481: 2401: 2358:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 2246: 2243:Critical developments (Late 1970s–1980s) 2203: 2155: 2096: 2053: 1959: 1907: 1810: 1771:in schools. The case was initiated when 1754: 1723: 1068:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 29: 8270:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority 7654:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 7107: 7086: 6511: 6484: 6408: 6153: 6133:. Third Woman Press. pp. 186–195. 6096: 5950: 5923:. In Facio, Elisa; Lara, Irene (eds.). 5760: 5719: 5414:Esquibel, Catrióna Rueda (2009-09-15). 5206: 5009: 4965: 4927: 4522: 4378: 2995:(1991), published by Third Woman Press. 2823:represents the body of knowledge while 2722:and, by extension, the conquest of the 1932:Chicanas also renounced the mainstream 1282:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 14: 8379:Gender inequality in the United States 8331: 7220: 7183: 6719: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6681: 6650: 6648: 6485:Miranda, Carolina A. (25 April 2018). 6404: 6402: 6378: 6261: 5946: 5944: 5918: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5140:. Boston, Massachusetts. p. 136. 5129: 5127: 5125: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4772: 4770: 4745: 4743: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4676: 4612:Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World 4602: 4600: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4402: 4400: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 3877:Chicas Rockeras South East Los Angeles 3845:– Influential Chicana feminist author. 3403:Legends Never Die, A Collective Memory 3068:(2015) formed out of inspiration from 3051: 2910: 1862:, white women rarely had to deal with 94:. It partly inspired the formation of 8285:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans 7453: 7405: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6752: 6538: 6379:Vankin, Deborah (30 September 2017). 6230: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6070: 6068: 6066: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5675: 5673: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5535: 5105: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4814:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 4577:Alba, Alicia Gaspar de (2010-07-05). 4549: 4529:. Duke University Press. p. 20. 4485:from the original on January 11, 2023 4244:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3743:– Los Angeles punk rock band, led by 3474: 3056: 2998:This anthology featured cover art by 8295:List of Mexican-American communities 7720:1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike 7368:, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 7275: 7023:Chicana Feminisms: A Critical Reader 6949:: writings by radical women of color 6892: 6014: 5989: 5440: 5306: 5099: 4989:. Psychology Press. pp. 32–34. 4576: 4556:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 55. 4523:Ramírez, Catherine S. (2009-01-16). 4044:. Psychology Press. pp. 52–57. 3998: 3895:Museum of Latin American Art (MOLAA) 2568: 2237:sterilization abuses of Latina women 2006:Following this statement, the first 1748:. Otero-Warren was born in an elite 1049:UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center 8097:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 8041:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 7406:Pérez, Ricardo F. Vivancos (2013). 7359:Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press 6708: 6645: 6399: 6306: 6295:Langlois, Jessica (March 3, 2017). 5941: 5817: 5567: 5467: 5434: 5396: 5339: 5122: 4950: 4864: 4840: 4794: 4767: 4740: 4713: 4631: 4597: 4511: 4463:. Denton, Texas. pp. 175–180. 4443: 4397: 4383:. Arte Público Press. p. 119. 4367: 4058: 3520:Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press 3265:L.A. History: A Mexican Perspective 2991:edited and compiled, the anthology 1997:Chicano Youth Liberation Conference 1818:are often ignored in narratives of 1445:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 1382:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 90:, as an extension and expansion of 24: 7040:Castillo, Adelaida R. Del (2005). 6931: 6881: 6759:Texas State Historical Association 6209: 6115: 6083: 6063: 5978: 5698: 5670: 5632: 4891: 4228: 4119: 4103:Critical Essays on Chicano Studies 4094: 3983: 3707:– Chicana Accordionist (1904–2000) 3661:pants while performing rancheras. 3344: 2923:, both of whom identify as queer. 2801:The term mujerista was defined by 2326:Mexican Women in the United States 2199:Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional 2101:Mexican American women working at 2023:Viewed as traitors to the Movement 1991:National Chicana Conference (1971) 911:The Revolt of the Cockroach People 25: 8390: 7428: 6755:"Silva, Consuelo [Chelo]" 5207:Herrera, Juan (22 January 2015). 4211:Decolonizing Latinx Masculinities 3751: 3337:, and the autobiographical short 3024:Chicana interdisciplinary artist 2982:a male dominated Chicano movement 2512:subordinated through colonization 1956:Chicana walkout organizing (1968) 7889:Mexican-American women's fashion 6901: 6179:Carrillo, Vicente (2020-12-01). 5865:Tijerina-Revilla, Anita (2009). 5118:from the original on 2017-04-15. 4808:Delgado Bernal, Dolores (1998). 4732:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New 3625: 3327:Las Mujeres de la Caucus Chicana 3156:The Woman's Building (1973-1991) 2893: 2612:Figure of La Virgen de Guadalupe 2531:Castillo argued that using this 1981:East Los Angeles School Blowouts 1664: 132: 8364:American civil rights activists 8034:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 6857: 6843: 6818: 6804: 6790: 6765: 6746: 6675: 6632: 6619: 6594: 6567: 6532: 6505: 6478: 6451: 6427: 6409:Hinckle, Jessica (2021-12-21). 6372: 6348: 6323: 6288: 6255: 6237:American Studies in Scandinavia 6172: 6147: 6008: 5912: 5814:. Amherst: Cambria Press, 2014. 5804: 5789: 5754: 5684:. Aunt Lute Books. p. 40. 5619: 5610: 5592: 5529: 5449:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 5300: 5278: 5253: 5219: 5200: 5176: 5080: 5055: 5030: 5003: 4974: 4921: 4656: 4618: 4570: 4543: 4427: 4322: 4007:. Routledge. pp. 247–268. 3787:- Writer, editor, and lecturer. 3274:internment of Japanese American 3235:located in downtown Los Angeles 3194:The Great Wall of Los Angeles. 3118:. In 1976, the group exhibited 3102: 2711:Mexican independence from Spain 2536:not to replace patriarchy with 1995:A year after the walkouts, the 1375:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 301:California agricultural strikes 6655:DeGuzmán, María (2012-07-09). 4638:Gutiérrez-Jones, Carl (1995). 4270: 4201: 4174: 4029: 3534:. Anzaldúa also published the 3368: 3221:The Great Wall of Los Angeles, 3043:The momentum created from the 3009: 2686:and define their self-esteem. 2429:being unable to pronounce the 1829:, who were the counterpart to 876:From This Wicked Patch of Dust 73:second-wave feminist movements 13: 1: 7699:Occupation of Catalina Island 7674:Farm workers' rights campaign 7445:Chicana Community Search Page 7172:. New York: Routledge, 1997. 6773:"Eva Ybarra - American Sabor" 6097:Vázquez, Francisco H (2009). 5800:. Westview Press. p. 72. 5536:Adams, Richard E. W. (2005). 4985:. In Garcia, Mario T. (ed.). 4936:. NYU Press. pp. 94–96. 4583:. University of Texas Press. 4457:Gonzalez, Gilbert G. (2013). 4436:Southern California Quarterly 4105:. Peter Lang AG. p. 26. 4076:Saldívar-Hull, Sonia (2000). 4040:. In Garcia, Mario T. (ed.). 3976: 3701:– Tejana Accordionist (1945–) 3538:(Spanish/English) anthology, 3399:Echoes of a Collective Memory 3384: 3257:California Historical Society 2746:Duality and "The New Mestiza" 2035:. This included breaking the 1934:second-wave feminist movement 1889:second wave feminist movement 1719: 932:...y no se lo tragó la tierra 471:Occupation of Catalina Island 8369:Women civil rights activists 6194:10.3202/caa.reviews.2020.107 5761:Davalos, Karen Mary (2008). 5654:Indian Women in Early Mexico 5106:Logan, Jim (11 April 2017). 5010:Hurtado, Aída (2020-02-11). 4981:Martínez, Elizabeth (1997). 3416: 3223:Judy Baca, Los Angeles, 1978 2782: 2332:and Adelaida R. Del Castillo 1588:Indigenous Mexican Americans 1292:Self Help Graphics & Art 7: 8359:Immigration and LGBT topics 7355:Cuentos: Stories by Latinas 7314:Companeras: Latina Lesbians 6156:Women of Color and Feminism 5951:Keating, AnaLouise (2006). 5837:. Aunt Lute Books. p. 5574:A. T. Miner, Dylan (2014). 4379:Rosales, F. Arturo (1997). 3946:Gender inequality in Mexico 3924: 3719:– Tejana Singer (1971–1995) 3585:Compañeras: Latina Lesbians 3546:Cuentos: Stories by Latinas 3253:LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes 3125: 2933:La Conciencia de la Mestiza 2877:Chicano § spirituality 2367:(1987) ed. by Juanita Ramos 2365:Companeras: Latina Lesbians 2211:(pictured) established the 2070:, and demanded to have the 2008:National Chicana Conference 1894: 890:The Dirty Girls Social Club 263:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 36:LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes 10: 8395: 7198:10.1177/089124389003002004 6947:This bridge called my back 6015:Moya, Paula M. L. (2001). 5313:Community Literacy Journal 5134:Theoharis, Jeanne (2018). 4903:Blackwell, Maylei (2016). 4691:10.1177/089124389003002004 3827:Martha Gonzalez (musician) 3758:Category:Chicana feminists 3755: 3583:of Latina lesbians called 3515:This Bridge Called My Back 3478: 3179:Venas de la Mujer in 1976. 3028:during an interview (2012) 3013: 2962: 2874: 2845:This Bridge Called My Back 2792:International Workers' Day 2755:Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa 2337:This Bridge Called My Back 2312:(1977) by Martha P. Cotera 2103:Friedrich Air Conditioning 1089:This Bridge Called My Back 835:Who Would Have Thought It? 8308: 8252: 8106: 8008: 7952: 7884:Mexican-American folklore 7806: 7707: 7664:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 7609: 7543: 7492: 7223:Women's Studies Quarterly 7101:10.1080/07393149808429837 6075:Anzaldua, Gloria (1987). 5829:Anzaldua, Gloria (1987). 5734:10.2979/HYP.1998.13.2.134 5680:Anzaldúa, Gloria (1987). 5627:Voicing Chicana Feminisms 5226:Espinoza, Dionne (2001). 4782:nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu 4626:Voicing Chicana Feminisms 4036:NietoGomez, Anna (1997). 3251:An exhibition curated by 3183: 3122:in the Woman's Building. 2674:which suppresses Chicana 2667:is often contrasted with 2547: 2361:(1987) by Gloria Anzaldúa 1738:women's suffrage movement 1593:Punjabi Mexican Americans 1325:Great Wall of Los Angeles 897:The House on Mango Street 749:Mexican-American folklore 481:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 306:Cantaloupe strike of 1928 7879:Mexican-American cuisine 7440:History of Chicanas page 6965:The Sexuality of Latinas 6753:Rodríguez, Juan Carlos. 6720:Vargas, Deborah (2012). 6682:Vargas, Deborah (2012). 6588:10.1215/00029831-3861505 6264:Chicana Feminist Thought 6249:10.22439/asca.v48i1.5361 6129:Trujillo, Carla (1991). 5247:10.1525/azt.2001.26.1.17 4966:Alma M., Garcia (1997). 4181:Carrasco, David (2001). 3999:West, Lois, ed. (2014). 3717:Selena Quintanilla-Pérez 2959:Chicana lesbian feminism 2833:This Bridge We Call Home 2680:dichotomy of puta/virgin 2678:through the patriarchal 2419:Massacre of the Dreamers 2371:The Sexuality of Latinas 2353:(1983) by Cherríe Moraga 2093:Chicana labor organizing 1843:Mexican American history 1820:Mexican American history 1671:United States portal 1082:The Church in the Barrio 942:Poetry and Short Stories 678:Mexican-American cuisine 519:1985–1987 cannery strike 8069:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 7965:Coyolxauhqui imperative 7408:Radical Chicana Poetics 7396:10.1080/095023899335275 6895:From Out of the Shadows 6893:Ruiz, Vicki L. (1998). 6601:Castillo, Anna (2014). 6154:Maythee, Rojas (2009). 5539:Prehistoric Mesoamerica 5288:. KCET. 7 November 2011 3283: 2813:" approach proposed by 2732:Mexico pre-colonization 2600:Borderlands/La Frontera 2475:or otherwise embodying 2467:as a literal symbol of 2421:(1994). The use of the 2284:queer of color critique 1410:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 1254:Royal Chicano Air Force 1113:Coyolxauhqui imperative 925:Under the Feet of Jesus 34:Las Chicanas Poster at 27:Sociopolitical movement 8354:Feminism and sexuality 8344:Multicultural feminism 8048:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 7814:Anti-Mexican sentiment 7776:Killing of Adam Toledo 7759:Great American Boycott 7629:Centro de Arte Público 7435:Chicana Feminisms Page 7329:Journal of South Texas 5990:Bost, Suzanne (2009). 5833:Borderlans/La frontera 5736:(inactive 2024-09-12). 5388:: CS1 maint: others ( 5307:Leon, Kendall (2013). 4928:Hurtado, Aida (2003). 4550:Brown, Monica (2002). 4166:: CS1 maint: others ( 3642: 3600:transnational feminism 3560: 3555:Chicana feminist poet 3493: 3469:See L.A. Times article 3431:La Virgen de Guadalupe 3426: 3357: 3309:National Film Registry 3303:, produced in 1979 by 3296: 3224: 3073: 3029: 2851:is a Latina-oriented " 2798: 2758: 2703: 2664:La Virgen de Guadalupe 2636:La Virgen de Guadalupe 2632: 2621:La Virgen de Guadalupe 2575:La Virgen de Guadalupe 2561: 2495: 2443:, which is pronounced 2435:Mesoamerican languages 2425:is a reference to the 2410: 2322:and Rosa Martinez Cruz 2260:critical consciousness 2255: 2221:Chicana Rights Project 2216: 2213:Chicana Rights Project 2165: 2106: 2063: 2037:mujer buena/mujer mala 1976: 1964:Founding co-editor of 1921: 1823: 1806:anti-Mexican sentiment 1802:Mendez vs. Westminster 1780: 1733: 1389:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 1272:Centro de Arte Público 1234:East Los Streetscapers 973:Pensamiento Serpentino 563:Great American Boycott 441:Las Adelitas de Aztlán 411:Conferencia de Mujeres 199:Anti-Mexican sentiment 38: 8083:Mendez v. Westminster 8020:Botiller v. Dominguez 8000:Youth control complex 7869:Estrada Courts murals 7730:2019 El Paso shooting 7708:Post-Chicano Movement 7669:Plan de Santa Bárbara 7624:Católicos por La Raza 7235:10.1353/wsq.2015.0047 7143:10.1353/fro.2004.0032 7089:New Political Science 7017:Arredondo, Gabriela, 6272:10.4324/9780203760642 5919:Medina, Lara (2014). 5325:10.1353/clj.2013.0004 5184:"Chicana por mi Raza" 4314:) CS1 maint: others ( 4256:10.1353/fro.2004.0032 4013:10.4324/9781315022277 3868:Notable organizations 3633: 3572:, published in 1982. 3554: 3488: 3433:to empower Chicanas. 3424: 3352: 3319:Linda García Merchant 3291: 3219: 3145:Christina Schlesinger 3139:In 1976, co-founders 3064: 3023: 2871:Nepantla spirituality 2790: 2753: 2697: 2690:Figure of La Malinche 2619: 2555: 2542:coloniality of gender 2508:coloniality of gender 2485: 2405: 2250: 2207: 2159: 2100: 2057: 1963: 1911: 1814: 1760:Mendez v. Westminster 1758: 1727: 1467:Madrigal v. Quilligan 1424:Mendez v. Westminster 1361:Botiller v. Dominguez 1153:Youth control complex 529:2019 El Paso shooting 486:Plan de Santa Bárbara 381:Católicos por La Raza 311:Citrus Strike of 1936 253:San Elizario Salt War 224:Early-American Period 33: 8349:Second-wave feminism 8076:Leal Garcia v. Texas 7771:Justice for Janitors 7689:Los Siete de la Raza 7684:Colegio César Chávez 7576:Mexican Repatriation 7544:Pre-Chicano Movement 7081:The Chicana feminist 7044:. Floricanto Press. 6553:10.1353/ff.2017.0030 6316:4.4 (2006): 356-80. 5188:chicanapormiraza.org 4852:depts.washington.edu 4439:. 2009. p. 146. 4005:Feminist Nationalism 3961:Third-world feminism 3780:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc. 3616:In Search of Bernabe 3604:transcultural themes 3577:tatiana de la tierra 3378:Eastside Los Angeles 3171:Olivia Sanchez Brown 3143:(the only Chicana), 3099:, and Miriam Olivo. 3002:titled "La Ofrenda." 2803:Ada María Isasi-Díaz 2644:female sexual purity 2381:, and Cherrie Moraga 2310:The Chicana Feminist 2280:environmental racism 2175:hermanas en la lucha 1837:, especially during 1742:Adelina Otero-Warren 1730:Corcoran, California 1417:Leal Garcia v. Texas 1039:MAS Programs, Tucson 828:Living Up the Street 580:Justice for Janitors 446:Los Siete de la Raza 401:Colegio César Chávez 321:Mexican Repatriation 272:Pre-Chicano Movement 243:Mexican–American War 7899:New Mexican cuisine 7725:1992 Drywall Strike 7694:Los Seis de Boulder 7679:Land grant struggle 7596:Sleepy Lagoon trial 6800:. 31 December 2012. 6576:American Literature 6541:Feminist Formations 5810:Herrera, Cristina. 5487:Aviles, E. (2018). 5108:"A Chicana Warrior" 4344:10.4000/alhim.10153 3566:Sheila Ortiz Taylor 3490:Lorna Dee Cervantes 3313:Library of Congress 3087:, Consuelo Mendez, 3052:Chicana collectives 2925:Queer interventions 2911:Queer interventions 2796:Oakland, California 2629:virtuous motherhood 2591:decolonial feminist 2498:This crossroads or 2272:reproductive rights 2187:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc 1973:Belmont High School 1885:Chicano nationalist 1746:Maria de G.E. Lopez 1456:Federal Court cases 1350:Supreme Court cases 668:New Mexican cuisine 630:Abrazos, no balazos 551:Chicano Art Exhibit 524:1992 Drywall Strike 510:Post-Chicano Period 501:United Farm Workers 451:Los Seis de Boulder 436:Land grant struggle 426:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc 341:Sleepy Lagoon trial 116:Part of a series on 108:decolonial feminism 8107:By city and region 8027:Hernandez v. Texas 7990:Spiritual activism 7834:Chicano literature 7649:Chicano Moratorium 7556:Bisbee Deportation 7186:Gender and Society 6999:Anzaldúa, Gloria. 6979:Anzaldúa, Gloria. 6909:"Radical Monarchs" 5960:Human Architecture 5600:"Chicana Feminism" 5093:The New York Times 4836:– via JSTOR. 4679:Gender and Society 4608:Stange, Mary Zeiss 4038:"Chicana Feminism" 3941:Feminism in Mexico 3861:Elizabeth Martinez 3643: 3561: 3494: 3475:Chicana literature 3447:La Ofrenda (1988). 3427: 3395:Veterans and Rucas 3358: 3307:, was archived in 3297: 3225: 3114:, Olga Muñiz, and 3081:Patricia Rodriguez 3077:Mujeres Muralistas 3074: 3070:Mujeres Muralistas 3057:Mujeres Muralistas 3030: 2799: 2759: 2704: 2633: 2597:'s canonical text 2562: 2496: 2463:by reclaiming the 2461:Indigenous peoples 2427:Spanish colonizers 2411: 2316:Essays on La Mujer 2256: 2217: 2166: 2107: 2083:Elizabeth Martinez 2064: 2060:San Antonio, Texas 1977: 1922: 1824: 1781: 1769:racial segregation 1762:(1947) overturned 1734: 1492:Population by City 1368:Hernandez v. Texas 1277:Galería de la Raza 1244:Mujeres Muralistas 1143:Spiritual activism 797:Chicano literature 792:Chicana literature 597:South Central Farm 421:East L.A. walkouts 396:Chicano Moratorium 286:Bisbee Deportation 238:Las Gorras Blancas 64:in the community. 62:women's oppression 39: 8326: 8325: 8275:Mexican Americans 8223:Dallas–Fort Worth 8090:Bernal v. Fainter 8062:Medellín v. Texas 7591:Porvenir Massacre 7586:Plan de San Diego 7581:Operation Wetback 7417:978-1-137-34358-1 7322:978-0-415-90926-6 7270:978-0-472-06531-8 7051:978-0-915745-70-8 6869:doloreshuerta.org 6733:978-0-8166-7316-2 6695:978-0-8166-7316-2 6668:978-0-253-00190-0 6519:Los Angeles Times 6492:Los Angeles Times 6471:978-1-4773-1683-2 6386:Los Angeles Times 6320:Web. 8 Nov. 2018. 6165:978-1-58005-272-6 5934:978-0-8165-9891-5 5848:978-1-879960-12-1 5774:978-0-89551-103-4 5629:, by Aída Hurtado 5500:978-3-030-02598-4 5441:Baca, D. (2008). 5427:978-0-292-78210-5 5147:978-0-8070-7587-6 5048:978-0-472-06432-8 5023:978-0-8165-4123-2 4996:978-0-415-91801-5 4943:978-0-8147-3573-2 4755:archives.sdsu.edu 4590:978-0-292-78898-5 4563:978-0-8166-3479-8 4536:978-0-8223-8864-7 4470:978-1-57441-516-2 4420:978-0-253-11169-2 4289:978-3-593-50192-5 4221:978-0-8165-3936-9 4194:978-0-19-510815-6 4145:978-0-7914-7161-6 4051:978-0-415-91801-5 3956:Intersectionality 3889:Las Fotos Project 3821:Judithe Hernandez 3725:– Hispanic Singer 3674:Lady Bird Johnson 3557:ire'ne lara silva 3481:Xicana literature 3411:collective memory 3391:Guadalupe Rosales 3198:Judithe Hernández 3120:Venas de la Mujer 3112:Judithe Hernández 3085:Graciela Carrillo 2978:heteronormativity 2676:women's sexuality 2569:Female archetypes 2118:Maria Elena Lucas 1914:El Segundo Barrio 1887:movement and the 1868:European-American 1717: 1716: 1654: 1653: 1636:Mexican Americans 1601: 1600: 1541:Dallas–Fort Worth 1476: 1475: 1438:Perez v. Brownell 1431:Bernal v. Fainter 1403:Medellín v. Texas 1333: 1332: 1263:Art organizations 1161: 1160: 989: 988: 966:Moment of Silence 767: 766: 605: 604: 371:Black-brown unity 336:Porvenir Massacre 331:Plan de San Diego 326:Operation Wetback 206: 205: 126:Mexican Americans 52:community in the 16:(Redirected from 8386: 8339:Chicana feminism 8313:Category:Chicano 8243:Salt Lake Valley 7953:Chicana/o Theory 7924:Teatro Campesino 7914:Regional Mexican 7904:New Mexico music 7894:Mexican muralism 7781:Murder of Selena 7644:Chicano Blowouts 7639:Chicana feminism 7611:Chicano Movement 7505:Mexican American 7485:Mexican American 7474: 7467: 7460: 7451: 7450: 7421: 7399: 7384:Cultural Studies 7347: 7312:Ramos, Juanita. 7309: 7254: 7217: 7162: 7125: 7116:(1/2): 151–171. 7110:Feminist Studies 7104: 7055: 6976: 6938:Anzaldúa, Gloria 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6913:Radical Monarchs 6905: 6899: 6898: 6890: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6875: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6828:. 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López 5758: 5752: 5751: 5745: 5737: 5717: 5696: 5695: 5677: 5668: 5667: 5649: 5630: 5623: 5617: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5520: 5512: 5484: 5465: 5464: 5448: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5411: 5394: 5393: 5387: 5379: 5352: 5337: 5336: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5272: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5232: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5167: 5159: 5131: 5120: 5119: 5112:UC Santa Barbara 5103: 5097: 5096: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4963: 4948: 4947: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4900: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4886: 4873: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4805: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4774: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4747: 4738: 4728: 4711: 4710: 4674: 4663: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4635: 4629: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4604: 4595: 4594: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4520: 4509: 4508: 4502: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4454: 4441: 4440: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4404: 4395: 4394: 4376: 4365: 4364: 4346: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4309: 4301: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4239: 4226: 4225: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4165: 4157: 4130: 4117: 4116: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4073: 4056: 4055: 4033: 4027: 4026: 3996: 3837:Martha P. Cotera 3776:Anna Nieto-Gómez 3670:Rosita Fernández 3335:Palabras Amargas 3261:Barbara Carrasco 3229:Yreina Cervántez 3206:Yreina Cervántez 3162:Woman's Building 3116:Josefina Quesada 3045:Chicano Movement 3038:Judite Hernandez 2953:Chicano Movement 2807:African American 2516:Spanish language 2305:Martha P. Cotera 2252:Martha P. 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Third Woman. 6934: 6932:Further reading 6929: 6928: 6918: 6916: 6907: 6906: 6902: 6891: 6882: 6873: 6871: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6849: 6848: 6844: 6835: 6833: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6814:. 30 June 2014. 6810: 6809: 6805: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6782: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6751: 6747: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6718: 6709: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6680: 6676: 6669: 6653: 6646: 6637: 6633: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6599: 6595: 6572: 6568: 6537: 6533: 6524: 6522: 6510: 6506: 6497: 6495: 6483: 6479: 6472: 6456: 6452: 6443: 6441: 6433: 6432: 6428: 6419: 6417: 6407: 6400: 6391: 6389: 6377: 6373: 6364: 6362: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6340: 6338: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6311: 6307: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6260: 6256: 6233: 6210: 6177: 6173: 6166: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6127: 6116: 6109: 6095: 6084: 6073: 6064: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5988: 5979: 5955: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5898: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5827: 5818: 5809: 5805: 5794: 5790: 5775: 5759: 5755: 5739: 5738: 5718: 5699: 5692: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5650: 5633: 5624: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5572: 5568: 5550: 5534: 5530: 5514: 5513: 5501: 5485: 5468: 5461: 5439: 5435: 5428: 5412: 5397: 5381: 5380: 5368: 5354: 5353: 5340: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5270: 5268: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5230: 5224: 5220: 5213:Tropics of Meta 5205: 5201: 5192: 5190: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5161: 5160: 5148: 5132: 5123: 5104: 5100: 5085: 5081: 5072: 5070: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5035: 5031: 5024: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4979: 4975: 4964: 4951: 4944: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4901: 4892: 4884: 4882: 4875: 4874: 4865: 4856: 4854: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4826:10.2307/3347162 4806: 4795: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4775: 4768: 4759: 4757: 4749: 4748: 4741: 4729: 4714: 4675: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4636: 4632: 4623: 4619: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4575: 4571: 4564: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4521: 4512: 4496: 4495: 4488: 4486: 4471: 4455: 4444: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4405: 4398: 4391: 4377: 4368: 4327: 4323: 4303: 4302: 4290: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4240: 4229: 4222: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4179: 4175: 4159: 4158: 4146: 4132: 4131: 4120: 4113: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4074: 4059: 4052: 4034: 4030: 4023: 3997: 3984: 3979: 3936:Chicano studies 3927: 3870: 3849:Sandra Cisneros 3815:Gloria Anzaldúa 3809:Ester Hernandez 3760: 3754: 3713:– Tejana Singer 3695:– Tejana Singer 3628: 3592:social position 3502:Gloria Anzaldúa 3483: 3477: 3442:Ester Hernández 3419: 3387: 3371: 3347: 3345:Performance art 3331:Palabras Dulces 3299:The short film 3286: 3278:Zoot Suit Riots 3186: 3167:white feminists 3158: 3137: 3128: 3105: 3097:Ester Hernandez 3093:Susan Cervantes 3059: 3054: 3034:Ester Hernandez 3018: 3012: 3000:Ester Hernandez 2967: 2961: 2917:Gloria Anzaldúa 2913: 2896: 2879: 2873: 2829:Gloria Anzaldúa 2785: 2765:. In her book, 2763:Gloria Anzaldúa 2748: 2692: 2648:Chicano culture 2614: 2595:Gloria Anzaldúa 2571: 2550: 2400: 2398:(1990s–Present) 2342:Gloria Anzaldúa 2320:Rosaura Sánchez 2276:sexual violence 2245: 2136: 2095: 2052: 2025: 1993: 1958: 1906: 1897: 1722: 1713: 1665: 1663: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1631:Chicano rappers 1611: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1552: 1486: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1450: 1343: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1296: 1258: 1215:Art Collectives 1210: 1171: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1094: 1053: 1025: 1021:Chicanafuturism 1001: 999:Chicano studies 991: 990: 985: 937: 918:So Far from God 840: 806: 777: 769: 768: 763: 715: 682: 673:Tex-Mex cuisine 654: 640:Chicano English 615: 607: 606: 601: 591:Proposition 187 540:Arizona SB 1070 505: 386:Centro Cultural 350: 346:Zoot Suit Riots 296:Bracero program 281:1917 Bath riots 267: 218: 208: 207: 144: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8392: 8382: 8381: 8376: 8374:Black feminism 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8324: 8323: 8321: 8320: 8315: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8246: 8239: 8232: 8231: 8230: 8225: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8205: 8200: 8193: 8190:Nuevomexicanos 8186: 8179: 8172: 8165: 8160: 8153: 8146: 8139: 8121: 8120: 8119: 8110: 8108: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8093: 8086: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8037: 8030: 8023: 8015: 8013: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7970:Gringo justice 7967: 7962: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7844:Chicano poetry 7841: 7836: 7831: 7829:Chicano cinema 7826: 7821: 7816: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7800: 7795: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7761: 7756: 7749: 7744: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7711: 7709: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7615: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7547: 7545: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7489: 7477: 7476: 7469: 7462: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7430: 7429:External links 7427: 7426: 7425: 7422: 7416: 7403: 7400: 7390:(2): 251–262. 7379: 7376: 7364:Roth, Benita. 7362: 7351: 7348: 7324: 7310: 7290:10.1086/495600 7284:(2): 441–483. 7273: 7255: 7229:(3/4): 78–97. 7218: 7192:(2): 217–238. 7181: 7166: 7163: 7126: 7105: 7095:(4): 379–397. 7084: 7077:Cotera, Martha 7074: 7056: 7050: 7037: 7034: 7015: 6997: 6977: 6960: 6942:Cherríe Moraga 6933: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6915:. October 2018 6900: 6880: 6856: 6842: 6817: 6803: 6789: 6764: 6745: 6732: 6707: 6694: 6674: 6667: 6644: 6631: 6618: 6611: 6593: 6582:(2): 255–278. 6566: 6531: 6504: 6477: 6470: 6450: 6426: 6398: 6371: 6347: 6322: 6314:Latino Studies 6305: 6287: 6280: 6254: 6208: 6171: 6164: 6146: 6139: 6114: 6107: 6082: 6062: 6033:10.1086/495600 6027:(2): 441–483. 6007: 6000: 5977: 5940: 5933: 5911: 5896: 5854: 5847: 5816: 5803: 5788: 5773: 5753: 5728:(2): 134–161. 5697: 5690: 5669: 5662: 5631: 5618: 5609: 5591: 5584: 5566: 5548: 5528: 5499: 5466: 5459: 5433: 5426: 5395: 5366: 5338: 5299: 5277: 5252: 5218: 5199: 5175: 5146: 5121: 5098: 5079: 5054: 5047: 5029: 5022: 5002: 4995: 4973: 4949: 4942: 4920: 4914:978-1477312667 4913: 4890: 4863: 4839: 4820:(2): 113–142. 4793: 4766: 4739: 4712: 4685:(2): 217–238. 4664: 4655: 4648: 4630: 4617: 4596: 4589: 4569: 4562: 4542: 4535: 4510: 4469: 4442: 4426: 4419: 4396: 4389: 4366: 4321: 4288: 4269: 4227: 4220: 4200: 4193: 4173: 4144: 4118: 4111: 4093: 4086: 4057: 4050: 4028: 4021: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3966:White feminism 3963: 3958: 3953: 3951:Gypsy feminism 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3931:Black feminism 3926: 3923: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3914:Ovarian Psycos 3911: 3907: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3831:Quetzal (band) 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3803:Dolores Huerta 3800: 3797:Cherríe Moraga 3794: 3791:Chela Sandoval 3788: 3785:Carla Trujillo 3782: 3773: 3767: 3764:Alma M. Garcia 3753: 3752:Notable people 3750: 3749: 3748: 3738: 3732: 3729:Girl in a Coma 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3705:Ventura Alonzo 3702: 3696: 3657:women to wear 3641:artist (1980s) 3627: 3624: 3612:Graciela Limón 3608:Latin American 3581:oral histories 3518:(published by 3510:women of color 3498:Cherríe Moraga 3476: 3473: 3472: 3471: 3458: 3418: 3415: 3386: 3383: 3370: 3367: 3346: 3343: 3305:Sylvia Morales 3293:Sylvia Morales 3285: 3282: 3200:, Olga Muñiz, 3185: 3182: 3157: 3154: 3136: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3104: 3101: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3026:Nao Bustamante 3014:Main article: 3011: 3008: 2989:Carla Trujillo 2974:Carla Trujillo 2960: 2957: 2944:Cherríe Moraga 2921:Cherrie Moraga 2912: 2909: 2895: 2892: 2872: 2869: 2784: 2781: 2747: 2744: 2698:The figure of 2691: 2688: 2661:The figure of 2640:Catholic faith 2613: 2610: 2570: 2567: 2549: 2546: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2389:Carla Trujillo 2387:(1991) ed. by 2382: 2373:(1989) ed. by 2368: 2362: 2354: 2348: 2346:Cherríe Moraga 2340:(1981) ed. by 2333: 2330:Magdalena Mora 2323: 2318:(1977) ed. by 2313: 2307: 2244: 2241: 2225:Vilma Martinez 2209:Vilma Martinez 2135: 2132: 2128:El Paso, Texas 2114:Dolores Huerta 2094: 2091: 2072:intersectional 2051: 2045: 2024: 2021: 2012:Houston, Texas 1992: 1989: 1957: 1954: 1905: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1860:women of color 1777:of darker skin 1721: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1704: 1697: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1576:Nuevomexicanos 1573: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1533: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1505: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1448: 1441: 1434: 1427: 1420: 1413: 1406: 1399: 1392: 1385: 1378: 1371: 1364: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1320:Estrada Courts 1317: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1196:Chicano cinema 1193: 1188: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1118:Gringo justice 1115: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1085: 1078: 1071: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1002: 997: 996: 993: 992: 987: 986: 984: 983: 976: 969: 962: 955: 947: 944: 943: 939: 938: 936: 935: 928: 921: 914: 907: 900: 893: 886: 879: 872: 865: 858: 850: 847: 846: 842: 841: 839: 838: 831: 824: 821:Always Running 816: 813: 812: 808: 807: 805: 804: 802:Chicano poetry 799: 794: 788: 785: 784: 778: 775: 774: 771: 770: 765: 764: 762: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 725: 722: 721: 717: 716: 714: 713: 708: 703: 698: 692: 689: 688: 684: 683: 681: 680: 675: 670: 664: 661: 660: 656: 655: 653: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 626: 623: 622: 616: 613: 612: 609: 608: 603: 602: 600: 599: 594: 587: 582: 577: 572: 565: 560: 553: 548: 543: 536: 531: 526: 521: 515: 512: 511: 507: 506: 504: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 431:Huelga schools 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 362: 359: 358: 352: 351: 349: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 277: 274: 273: 269: 268: 266: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 233:Josefa Segovia 229: 226: 225: 219: 214: 213: 210: 209: 204: 203: 202: 201: 193: 192: 188: 187: 186: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 152: 151: 145: 142: 141: 138: 137: 129: 128: 118: 117: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8391: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8265:Chicano poets 8263: 8261: 8260:Chicano films 8258: 8257: 8255: 8251: 8244: 8240: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8220: 8219: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8207:Pennsylvania 8206: 8204: 8201: 8198: 8197:New York City 8194: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8170: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8154: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8140: 8137: 8133: 8132:San Francisco 8129: 8125: 8122: 8118: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8098: 8094: 8092: 8091: 8087: 8085: 8084: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8055:Plyler v. Doe 8052: 8050: 8049: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8036: 8035: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8024: 8022: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8010:Supreme Court 8007: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7980:New tribalism 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7960:Barrioization 7958: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7864:Cinco de Mayo 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7839:Chicano names 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7793: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7742: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 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5659: 5655: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5628: 5622: 5613: 5605: 5604:www.umich.edu 5601: 5595: 5587: 5585:9780816530038 5581: 5577: 5570: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5549:0-8061-3702-9 5545: 5541: 5540: 5532: 5524: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5462: 5460:9780230605152 5456: 5452: 5447: 5446: 5437: 5429: 5423: 5419: 5418: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5391: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5367:0-253-11169-2 5363: 5359: 5358: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5303: 5287: 5281: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5229: 5222: 5214: 5210: 5203: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5171: 5165: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5068: 5067:Texas Monthly 5064: 5058: 5050: 5044: 5040: 5033: 5025: 5019: 5015: 5014: 5006: 4998: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4969: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4945: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4916: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4897: 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Ruiz 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3843:Norma Alarcón 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3682:china poblana 3679: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3647:Rita Vidaurri 3640: 3636: 3632: 3626:Chicana music 3623: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3528:Norma Alarcón 3525: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3423: 3414: 3412: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3374:Laura Aguilar 3366: 3363: 3362:Patssi Valdez 3355: 3354:Xandra Ibarra 3351: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3210:Patssi Valdez 3207: 3203: 3202:Isabel Castro 3199: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3132: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3049: 3046: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2905: 2900: 2894:Body politics 2891: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2715:Hernan Cortés 2712: 2708: 2701: 2696: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2652:Yolanda Lopez 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2408: 2404: 2397: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2376: 2375:Norma Alarcon 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2253: 2249: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110:Emma Tenayuca 2104: 2099: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2061: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1974: 1970: 1968: 1962: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1939:Chicano women 1935: 1930: 1927: 1924:Although the 1919: 1915: 1910: 1904:(1960s–1970s) 1903: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1792: 1791:company towns 1788: 1787: 1778: 1774: 1773:Sylvia Mendez 1770: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1731: 1726: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1626:Chicano poets 1624: 1622: 1621:Chicano films 1619: 1618: 1616: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1482: 1481: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1397: 1396:Plyler v. Doe 1393: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1369: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1339: 1338: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1229:Culture Clash 1227: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1167: 1166: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1133:New tribalism 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1108:Barrioization 1106: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1034: 1033: 1030:Organizations 1029: 1028: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1011: 1010: 1006: 1005: 1000: 995: 994: 982: 981: 977: 975: 974: 970: 968: 967: 963: 961: 960: 956: 954: 953: 949: 948: 946: 945: 941: 940: 934: 933: 929: 927: 926: 922: 920: 919: 915: 913: 912: 908: 906: 905: 901: 899: 898: 894: 892: 891: 887: 885: 884: 880: 878: 877: 873: 871: 870: 866: 864: 863: 859: 857: 856: 852: 851: 849: 848: 844: 843: 837: 836: 832: 830: 829: 825: 823: 822: 818: 817: 815: 814: 810: 809: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 787: 786: 782: 781: 773: 772: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 726: 724: 723: 719: 718: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 691: 690: 686: 685: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 665: 663: 662: 658: 657: 651: 648: 646: 645:Chicano names 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 627: 625: 624: 620: 619: 611: 610: 598: 595: 593: 592: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 570: 566: 564: 561: 559: 558: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 541: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 514: 513: 509: 508: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 363: 361: 360: 357: 354: 353: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 276: 275: 271: 270: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 230: 228: 227: 223: 222: 217: 212: 211: 200: 197: 196: 195: 194: 190: 189: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 155: 154: 153: 149: 148: 140: 139: 135: 131: 130: 127: 123: 120: 119: 115: 114: 111: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 70: 65: 63: 59: 55: 54:United States 51: 47: 43: 37: 32: 19: 8290:Bibliography 8211:Philadelphia 8188:New Mexico ( 8141:California ( 8095: 8088: 8081: 8074: 8067: 8060: 8053: 8046: 8039: 8032: 8025: 8018: 7985:Rasquachismo 7939:Tortilla art 7929:Tejano music 7854:Chicano rock 7849:Chicano Park 7790: 7763: 7751: 7739: 7638: 7410:. Springer. 7407: 7387: 7383: 7365: 7358: 7354: 7338: 7335:(2): 38–52. 7332: 7328: 7313: 7281: 7277: 7261: 7226: 7222: 7189: 7185: 7169: 7137:(1): 77–92. 7134: 7130: 7113: 7109: 7092: 7088: 7080: 7062: 7041: 7022: 7018: 7000: 6980: 6964: 6945: 6917:. Retrieved 6912: 6903: 6894: 6872:. Retrieved 6868: 6859: 6845: 6834:. Retrieved 6830:the original 6820: 6806: 6792: 6781:. Retrieved 6777:the original 6767: 6758: 6748: 6737:. Retrieved 6722: 6699:. Retrieved 6684: 6677: 6657: 6639: 6634: 6626: 6621: 6602: 6596: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6547:(3): 49–79. 6544: 6540: 6534: 6523:. Retrieved 6517: 6507: 6496:. Retrieved 6490: 6480: 6460: 6453: 6442:. Retrieved 6438: 6429: 6418:. Retrieved 6414: 6390:. Retrieved 6384: 6374: 6363:. Retrieved 6359: 6350: 6339:. Retrieved 6337:. 2017-09-15 6334: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6308: 6299: 6290: 6263: 6257: 6243:(1): 61–83. 6240: 6236: 6184: 6174: 6155: 6149: 6130: 6098: 6076: 6024: 6020: 6010: 5991: 5963: 5959: 5924: 5914: 5877:(3): 46–62. 5874: 5871:NWSA Journal 5870: 5832: 5811: 5806: 5797: 5791: 5763: 5756: 5742:cite journal 5725: 5721: 5681: 5653: 5626: 5621: 5612: 5603: 5594: 5575: 5569: 5561: 5538: 5531: 5489: 5444: 5436: 5416: 5356: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5290:. Retrieved 5280: 5269:. Retrieved 5267:. 2015-03-26 5264: 5255: 5241:(1): 17–58. 5238: 5234: 5221: 5212: 5202: 5191:. Retrieved 5187: 5178: 5136: 5111: 5101: 5092: 5082: 5071:. Retrieved 5069:. 2013-01-20 5066: 5057: 5038: 5032: 5012: 5005: 4986: 4983:"La Chicana" 4976: 4970:. Routledge. 4967: 4933: 4923: 4904: 4883:, retrieved 4877: 4855:. Retrieved 4851: 4842: 4817: 4813: 4785:. Retrieved 4781: 4758:. Retrieved 4754: 4734: 4731: 4682: 4678: 4658: 4639: 4633: 4625: 4620: 4611: 4579: 4572: 4552: 4545: 4525: 4487:. Retrieved 4459: 4435: 4429: 4409: 4380: 4334: 4324: 4278: 4272: 4250:(1): 77–92. 4247: 4243: 4210: 4203: 4183: 4176: 4134: 4102: 4096: 4077: 4041: 4031: 4004: 3920:communities. 3779: 3770:Ana Castillo 3687: 3667: 3663: 3644: 3639:Chicana punk 3620:Erased Faces 3619: 3615: 3597: 3589: 3584: 3574: 3569: 3562: 3545: 3539: 3531: 3524:Ana Castillo 3513: 3506:Ana Castillo 3495: 3464: 3451: 3445: 3434: 3430: 3428: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3372: 3359: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3323:Afro-Chicana 3317: 3300: 3298: 3264: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3193: 3187: 3178: 3175:Las Chicanas 3174: 3159: 3149:Donna Deitch 3138: 3129: 3119: 3108:Las Chicanas 3107: 3106: 3103:Las Chicanas 3075: 3066:Precita Eyes 3042: 3031: 3003: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2970: 2968: 2939: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2914: 2898: 2897: 2880: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2837:Ana Castillo 2832: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2815:Alice Walker 2800: 2777: 2773: 2766: 2760: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2724:Aztec Empire 2720:Tenochtitlan 2705: 2668: 2663: 2660: 2634: 2599: 2572: 2563: 2532: 2530: 2523: 2522:rather than 2519: 2504:colonization 2499: 2497: 2491: 2487: 2468: 2464: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2445:Tesh-KOH-koh 2444: 2438: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2415:Ana Castillo 2412: 2407:Ana Castillo 2395: 2384: 2379:Ana Castillo 2370: 2364: 2356: 2350: 2335: 2325: 2315: 2309: 2300: 2291: 2288: 2268:gender roles 2257: 2218: 2196: 2184: 2174: 2170:Brown Berets 2167: 2162:Brown Berets 2148: 2137: 2122: 2108: 2080: 2067: 2065: 2048: 2047:Chicanas in 2036: 2030: 2026: 2017: 2010:was held in 2005: 1994: 1985: 1978: 1966: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1931: 1923: 1901: 1857: 1850: 1839:World War II 1835:gender norms 1825: 1795: 1784: 1782: 1763: 1735: 1646:Bibliography 1507:California ( 1465: 1443: 1436: 1429: 1422: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1394: 1387: 1380: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1315:Chicano Park 1287:Precita Eyes 1206:Tortilla art 1138:Rasquachismo 1087: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1015: 978: 971: 964: 959:I Am Joaquin 957: 950: 930: 923: 916: 909: 904:The Rain God 902: 895: 888: 881: 874: 869:Desert Blood 867: 860: 853: 833: 826: 819: 754:Pancho Claus 729:Cal-Style VW 711:Tejano music 706:Chicano soul 701:Chicano rock 589: 575:Farah strike 567: 555: 538: 376:Brown Berets 84:Ana Castillo 79: 78: 66: 58:social norms 41: 40: 8143:Californios 8128:Los Angeles 7859:Chicano rap 7824:Chicano art 7786:Party crews 7747:Castro 2020 7735:Abolish ICE 7021:, editors. 6944:, editors. 6185:Caa.reviews 5319:(2): 1–20. 4489:December 5, 3723:Gloria Ríos 3693:Chelo Silva 3651:Lucha Reyes 3618:(1997) and 3452:la familia. 3369:Photography 3339:No Es Facil 3270:Biddy Mason 3233:La Ofrenda, 3089:Irene Perez 3016:Chicana art 3010:Chicana art 2904:Frida Kahlo 2670:La Malinche 2583:La Malinche 2233:San Antonio 2087:imperialism 1949:Alma Garcia 1883:mainstream 1880:second wave 1874:addressing 1571:Californios 1557:Multiethnic 1509:Los Angeles 1310:Balmy Alley 1191:Chicano art 1186:Chicana art 1123:Nahui Ollin 696:Chicano rap 546:Castro 2020 534:Abolish ICE 100:Chicana art 8333:Categories 8195:New York ( 8181:Nebraska ( 8174:Michigan ( 8167:Maryland ( 8155:Illinois ( 8148:Colorado ( 8124:California 7634:Chicanismo 7571:La Matanza 7566:Korean War 6919:October 8, 6874:2020-03-03 6836:2015-06-10 6783:2015-06-10 6739:2015-06-09 6701:2015-06-09 6525:2018-12-07 6498:2018-12-07 6444:2023-01-19 6420:2023-01-19 6392:2018-12-07 6365:2018-12-07 6341:2018-12-07 5509:1076485572 5271:2021-11-19 5193:2023-01-19 5156:1008773899 5073:2018-12-07 4885:2022-11-18 4857:2022-11-18 4787:2022-11-18 4760:2022-11-18 3977:References 3910:employers. 3756:See also: 3699:Eva Ybarra 3479:See also: 3461:Alma Lopez 3385:Archivists 3246:La Ofrenda 3242:La Ofrenda 3177:exhibited 2963:See also: 2875:See also: 2794:(2014) in 2684:self-image 2603:addresses 2579:La Llorona 2558:self-image 2556:Issues of 2538:matriarchy 2525:Chicanismo 2473:crossroads 2328:(1980) by 2303:(1976) by 2293:Chicanismo 2068:la familia 2049:la familia 2041:patriarchy 1878:, and the 1872:first wave 1720:Background 1528:Nebraska ( 1521:Michigan ( 1514:Illinois ( 1485:Population 1177:Visual Art 1170:Visual art 783:Literature 776:Literature 491:Quinto Sol 391:Chicanismo 316:La Matanza 258:Sonoratown 248:Mutualista 104:literature 92:Chicanismo 8169:Baltimore 8136:San Diego 7995:Vergüenza 7944:Zoot suit 7919:Skull art 7344:109928863 7306:145250119 7214:144240422 7159:143518721 7131:Frontiers 6973:555824915 6561:149087764 6439:IC Events 6360:SPARCinLA 6318:ProQuest. 6300:LA Weekly 6203:1543-950X 6057:145250119 6041:0097-9740 5972:210142942 5891:233233515 5783:236143155 5517:cite book 5384:cite book 5333:141540593 5164:cite book 4707:144240422 4499:cite book 4479:843881943 4361:246571712 4353:1777-5175 4306:cite book 4298:895658343 4264:143518721 4162:cite book 3745:Alice Bag 3711:Eva Garza 3635:Alice Bag 3614:'s works 3570:Faultline 3536:bilingual 3465:La Virgen 3435:La Virgen 3417:La Virgen 3409:theme of 3389:In 2015, 3227:In 1989, 3190:Judy Baca 3141:Judy Baca 2987:In 1991, 2865:Mujerismo 2861:Mujerista 2857:Feminista 2849:Mujerista 2847:(1984). 2825:Mujerista 2821:Mujerismo 2809:women's " 2783:Mujerista 2707:Malintzin 2700:Malintzin 2656:virginity 2638:, in the 2520:Xicanisma 2492:Xicanisma 2477:hybridity 2457:Xicanisma 2437:(such as 2433:sound in 2396:Xicanisma 2264:sexuality 2151:newspaper 1969:newspaper 1566:Blaxicans 1500:Arizona ( 1301:Locations 1148:Vergüenza 980:The Moths 952:Emplumada 862:Caballero 759:Zoot suit 80:Xicanisma 50:Chicana/o 18:Mujerista 8203:Oklahoma 8113:Arizona 7975:Nepantla 7874:Lowrider 7530:Blaxican 7251:86294180 7243:43958552 7122:20459186 7007:, 1990, 5968:ProQuest 5966:: 5–16. 5887:ProQuest 5883:20628194 5558:58975830 5376:74671044 5292:24 March 5116:Archived 4483:Archived 4154:72699085 3971:Womanism 3925:See also 3655:mexicana 3622:(2001). 3587:(1987). 3255:and the 3126:Los Four 2883:Nepantla 2853:womanist 2835:(1987), 2811:Womanist 2625:chastity 2518:: being 2215:in 1974. 2160:Chicana 1943:Chicanas 1895:Timeline 1852:Hispanic 1831:Pachucos 1827:Pachucas 1816:Pachucas 1786:colonias 1676:Category 1239:Los Four 1128:Nepantla 739:Lowrider 621:Language 191:Concepts 150:Identity 122:Chicanos 48:and the 46:Chicanas 8280:Writers 8236:Tejanos 8234:Texas ( 8228:Houston 8176:Detroit 8157:Chicago 7807:Culture 7520:Pachuco 7510:La Raza 7500:Chicano 7481:Chicano 7298:3175449 7151:3347255 6049:3175449 5722:Hypatia 4834:3347162 4735:Mestiza 3735:Quetzal 3512:titled 3311:by the 3301:Chicana 2929:jotería 2440:Texcoco 2149:La Raza 2076:La Raza 1967:La Raza 1918:El Paso 1858:Unlike 1847:Chicana 1797:De jure 1765:de jure 1750:Hispano 1641:Writers 1581:Tejanos 1546:Houston 1523:Detroit 1516:Chicago 720:Symbols 614:Culture 216:History 178:Pinta/o 173:Pachuco 168:Pachuca 163:La Raza 158:Chola/o 8241:Utah ( 8163:Kansas 8150:Denver 8117:Tucson 7798:Xicanx 7715:Aztlán 7619:Aztlán 7535:Xicanx 7487:topics 7414: 7372: 7342: 7320: 7304: 7296: 7268: 7249: 7241: 7212: 7206:189983 7204: 7176: 7157: 7149: 7120: 7069: 7048: 7029: 7019:et al. 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