1297:
1071:
1089:
960:
61:
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conservative outlook. As befitting a man of the religious mantle, he refrained from shaking hands with women, and his aides and companions forewarned
Christian women who were to meet him that they should not try to shake hands. But even this prohibition was violated now and them. A woman who admitted being drawn to him, being nearly hypnotized by him, once held out a hand to him, and he took it between his two hands, saying that he was not supposed to do so, and that he was doing what he shouldn't be doing, that he would not do it again.
222:
1402:
1154:
physically perfect beings. A blind man or a lame man would not have been accepted as an Imam. Musa al Sadr, a handsome man of striking looks, was true to his people's fantasy of what a man of piety and distinction and high birth slated for bigger things should look like. He was, in addition, a dazzling speaker in a culture that exalted the spoken word and those who could express in classical Arabic what was on the minds of others.
1388:
1046:, and other Iranian Islamist activists during the civil war. Sadr and Chamran had an important role in the Islamic Revolution of Iran. They were involved in protests against the Shah out of Iran. According to Amal deputy, Ali Kharis, "Musa Sadr and Chamran were the backbone of the Iranian revolution and how one can not speak of the Iranian revolution without mentioning these two people."
850:
1266:, Ahmed Ramadan, an influential figure in the Gaddafi regime and an eyewitness to the meeting between al-Sadr and Gaddafi, claimed that the meeting lasted for two and a half hours and ended with Gaddafi saying "take him". Ramadan also named three officials who he believes were responsible for the death of al-Sadr.
809:
of Qom and endorsed by
Ayatollah Broujerdi. He began contributing with the third issue, focusing on Islamic economics, "a novel subject at the time". His articles in this field were then published as a book. He soon became the journal's "de facto editor-in-chief". He left the journal in December 1959
712:
He attended Hayat
Elementary School in Qom where he attended seminary classes informally; he started his official seminary education in 1941. His teachers considered him a "quick learner and remarkably knowledgeable for his young age". After a while he started teaching other students "lower-level"
1162:
Sayyid Musa winked at traditions with a daring uncommon to men of his clerical calling and background. He was a hit with women, who admired his looks and his elegance and were pleased that they did not have to scurry out of living rooms and meetings when he arrived, as they did with ulama of more
974:
charity, founded by S. Salih b. Muhammad
Sharafeddin and gathered money for The Social Institute (al-Mu'assasa al-Ijtima'iyya), an orphanage in Tyre. In 1963, Sadr established a sewing school and nursery named The Girls' Home (Bayt al-Fatat). The same year, he established The Institute of Islamic
888:
He left Najaf for Tyre in late 1959, as the "emissary" of
Ayatollah Broujerdi and Ayatollah Hakim. At the request of some clerics, he later made several trips to Iran delivering several lectures such as "Islam is a Religion of Life" and "The World is Ready to Accept the Call of Islam." The latter
1183:
It is widely believed, at least by
Lebanese Shia Muslims, that Gaddafi ordered al-Sadr's killing, but differing motivations exist. Libya has consistently denied responsibility, claiming that Sadr and his companions left Libya for Italy. However, supporters of the missing cleric pointed out that
1153:
Lebanon has long been a country finicky about the looks, the aura, al haiba of a leader. The Shia in particular have been noted to be a people of some vanity. In the Shia tradition, the Imams were not only morally infallible men (an Imam was said to be masum, not subject to error), but also
1309:
followers. In the eyes of many, he became a martyr and a "vanished imam." A tribute to his continuing popularity is that it is popular in parts of
Lebanon to mimic his Persian accent. The Amal Party remains an important Shia organization in Lebanon and looks to al-Sadr as its founder.
2390:
Sadr was born in 1928 and grew up in Iran. He was a widely respected personality both in Iran and in Iraq, in addition to
Lebanon, with strong family relations with various prominent leaders in both countries, including former Iranian president Mohammad Khatami (who married his
987:) to press for better economic and social conditions for the Shia. They established a number of schools and medical clinics throughout southern Lebanon, many of which are still in operation today. Sadr attempted to prevent the descent into violence that eventually led to the
2258:
1034:
meaning "hope"), which assembled youth and educated generation of
Husaynis and Mousawis families. Shia were the only major community without a militia group in the land of militias; Amal was created by Sadr to protect Shia rights and interests.
696:
and also decided to settle permanently in Iran. He became Musa al-Sadr's father. While living in Iran, Sadreddin married a daughter of
Ayatollah Hussein Tabatabaei Qomi, an Iranian religious leader. She would become Musa al-Sadr's mother.
716:
To have some influence in the "national life" he concluded that he had to become familiar with "modern science and contemporary world". As a result, he started a "full secular education" alongside his seminary studies. He moved to
975:
Studies (Ma'had al-Dirasat al-Islamiyya). In 1964, Sadr started Burj al-Shimali Technical Institute, whose funding was provided by Shi'a benefactors, bank loans, and the Lebanese Ministry of Education. In 1974, he founded, with
1304:
Imam Musa al-Sadr is still regarded as an important political and spiritual leader by the Shia Lebanese community. His status only grew after his disappearance in August 1978, and today his legacy is revered by both Amal and
619:. The three were last seen on 31 August. They were never heard from again. Many theories exist around the circumstances of Sadr's disappearance, none of which have been proven. His whereabouts remain unknown to this day.
1137:
as a "towering figure in modern Shi'i political thought and praxis." According to him, even American diplomats effusively described Musa Sadr after meeting him. He supports his claim by referring to a cable sent home by
781:. He had met him previously in 1936 when his family had hosted Abd al-Husayn in Iran. The same year he left Iran and returned to Najaf and, in the autumn of 1956, he married the daughter of Ayatollah Azizollah Khalili.
2507:
2262:
1321:
His great political influence and fame was enough for people to not consider his philosophical attitude, although he was a well-trained follower of long living intellectual tradition of Islamic Philosophy.
1212:, told the Iranian ambassador to Syria that Gaddafi planned to kill al-Sadr. On 27 August 2008, Gaddafi was indicted by the government of Lebanon for al-Sadr's disappearance. Following the fall of the
908:. Senghor praised the Imam's gesture, pointing out that he is following his activities with great interest, which had a great influence in spreading the feeling of love and faith among the citizens.
713:
courses. This coincided with the "liberalizing of Iranian politics", the political climate of his time was secular, so that most religious scholars "felt politically and socially marginalized".
952:. Although controversial, recognition of the ‘Alawī as Shi'a coreligionists came in July 1973 when he and the ‘Alawī religious leadership successfully appointed an ‘Alawī as an official
2782:
2812:
1262:
According to a former member of the Libyan intelligence, al-Sadr was beaten to death for daring to challenge Gaddafi at his house on matters of theology. In an interview with
1372:
2515:
2718:
1420:
2593:
2567:
2120:
2330:
Late Seyed Sadegh Tabatabai was brother in law of Hajjat al-Islam Seyyed Ahmad Khomeini, son of the founder of the Islamic Republic and nephew of Imam Musa Sadr.
1235:, Gaddafi murdered al-Sadr after discussions about Shia beliefs. Sadr accused him of being unaware of Islamic teachings and of the Islamic branches of Shia and
665:, which was then the most important centre of religious learning in Iran. He returned to Najaf shortly before his death in 1847. The youngest of his five sons,
2940:
2842:
915:, quickly became one of the most prominent advocates for the Shia population of Lebanon, a group that was both economically and politically disadvantaged.
2987:
1479:
1146:
is obvious and his apparent sincerity is awe-inspiring". In Lebanon, he had garnered significant popularity "due to his good rapport with young people."
1121:, is a social activist who does charity work, and also a painter trained in Italy who earned a doctorate in philosophy, her paradigm being influenced by
918:" worked tirelessly to improve the lot of his community – to give them a voice, to protect them from the ravages of war and inter communal strife," said
1582:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 265.
2313:
1277:
in Gaddafi's private jet and buried there. The plane was flown by Houni's cousin, Najieddine Yazigi, who was later murdered to preserve the secret.
1105:
Musa al-Sadr maintained strong family relations with political leaders in Iran, Lebanon and Iraq. He is related to noted Iranian individuals namely
896:
to get acquainted with the Lebanese community and inspect its affairs and worked to link them to their homeland. He also met with Ivorian President
999:, also visited him. Formation of a national unity cabinet resulted from the meeting and Sadr's attempt to establish peace was a temporary success.
922:. Sadr impressed the Lebanese people "by providing practical assistance," regardless of their sect. He was seen as a moderate, demanding that the
2275:
Sadeq Tabatabaei was born on 12 December 1943 in the city of Qom. He was son of Ayatollah Mohammad Baqer Tabatabaei and nephew of Imam Musa Sadr.
1296:
1199:
claimed that the Libyan regime, and particularly the Libyan leader, was responsible for the disappearance of Imam Musa al-Sadr, as London-based
1142:, a U.S. ambassador to Lebanon: "He is without debate one of the most, if not the most, impressive individual I have met in Lebanon. . . . His
1038:
However, in 1976, he withdrew his support after the Syrian invasion against Palestinian and leftist militias. He also actively cooperated with
2790:
2146:
2691:
2233:
793:
and the overthrow of the monarchy in Iraq, Sadr returned to Iran. There, he accepted the request of Ali Davani, who was sent by Ayatollah
3204:
3189:
2820:
2621:
3254:
3224:
1425:
1095:
1077:
930:
841:. In 1959, Sadr founded a private high school which provided an alternative to the state educational system for "observant parents".
2763:
478:
1504:
3219:
2373:
1070:
3179:
2722:
1587:
1088:
882:
778:
2551:
3244:
2202:
991:
by beginning a fast in a mosque in Beirut. There he was visited by Lebanese from all factions – both Muslim and Christian.
2402:
1894:
3164:
2597:
2571:
3229:
3199:
3174:
2383:
2356:
1747:
1692:
1562:
1195:
Al-Sadr's son claimed that he remains secretly in jail in Libya but did not provide proof. Lebanese Parliament Speaker
3184:
2096:
2062:
2025:
2015:
1871:
1834:
1800:
1619:
889:
included presenting his experiences in Lebanon and emphasizing the need to work "towards the betterment of Muslims."
2932:
1149:
Standing at 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in), scholar Fouad Ajami describes Sadr's charisma and magnetism as such:
2121:"Guardians of the Islamic Revolution Ideology, Politics, and the Development of Military Power in Iran (1979–2009)"
2346:
1461:
2850:
1117:(his wife was another of Musa al-Sadr's nieces). Sadr's son was married to Khomeini's granddaughter. His sister,
3209:
1924:
17:
2052:
3194:
1228:
959:
926:
Christians relinquish some of their power, but pursuing ecumenism and peaceful relations between the groups.
3249:
2673:
794:
239:
120:
575:
3125:
2737:
1252:
897:
471:
1172:
On 25 August 1978, al-Sadr and two companions, Sheikh Muhammad Yaacoub and journalist Abbas Badreddine (
1003:
901:
155:
2873:
2654:
2417:
1739:
1430:
866:
3234:
2246:
Another pro-Amal figure in the provisional government was Musa Sadr's nephew, Sadeq Tabatabai (...)
768:
749:
Following the death of his father in 1953, he left Qom for Najaf to study theology under Ayatollah
589:
187:
2172:
1939:
3214:
1415:
827:
3138:, "Social and political structure of Lebanon and its influence on appearance of Amal Movement,"
2699:
2438:
1985:
1239:. According to other sources, Gaddafi had al-Sadr and his companions murdered at the request of
1440:
1435:
1224:
1173:
612:
464:
385:
364:
285:
1861:
1682:
1609:
564:
through his daughter Fatima. Therefore, Musa al-Sadr is often styled with the honorific title
3135:
2568:"بري يحمل النظام الليبي ورئيسه مسؤولية «الجريمة المنظمة» في اختطاف موسى الصدر ورفيقيه, أخبار"
1288:
in Iraq, announced that a committee has been formed to investigate the fate of Musa al-Sadr.
1270:
1220:
1054:
758:
646:
605:
511:
2375:
Philosophy of Nonviolence: Revolution, Constitutionalism, and Justice Beyond the Middle East
3159:
3022:
3001:
2618:
996:
308:
1216:, Lebanon and Iran appealed to the Libyan rebels to investigate the fate of Musa al-Sadr.
1122:
8:
1314:
976:
689:
604:
called him a "towering figure in modern Shi'i political thought and praxis". He gave the
440:
412:
261:
111:
1959:
1240:
988:
964:
854:
790:
738:
734:
2422:
Kierkegaard's International Reception: The Near East, Asia, Australia and the Americas
3239:
2962:
2881:
2636:
2379:
2352:
2092:
2058:
2021:
1963:
1867:
1830:
1823:
1796:
1743:
1712:
1688:
1615:
1583:
1558:
1393:
1256:
1043:
870:
838:
730:
450:
3169:
2552:"Imam Sadr and companions still alive in captivity of Libya, son tells news agency"
1951:
1716:
1664:
1353:
Imam Musa Sadr: surush-e wahdat, Majma’ Jahani-ye Taqrib-e Madhahib-e Islami, 2004.
1285:
1248:
1139:
1110:
1106:
874:
818:
733:
and learned some English and French. He then returned to Qom to study theology and
417:
290:
2541:
Norton, Augustus R. Hezbollah A Short Story. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2007. Print.
1763:
1255:, who regarded Sadr as a potential rival. Gaddafi later supported Khomeini in the
502:; 4 June 1928 – disappeared 31 August 1978) was an Iranian-Lebanese
2625:
2086:
1764:"مركز الإمام موسى الصدر للأبحاث والدراسات :: محطات مضيئة » سيرة الإمام"
1552:
1465:
1281:
1209:
1201:
1177:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1007:
980:
934:
754:
750:
616:
593:
558:
495:
407:
2210:
1247:. At the time, the Shias and the Palestinians were involved in armed clashes in
761:, Shaykh Hossein Hilli, Shaykh Sadra Badkubahi, and others, some of whom became
60:
2301:
Sadeq Tabatabai of the Provisional Government in Iran was a nephew of Imam Sadr
2288:
1902:
1407:
1213:
1185:
1114:
666:
658:
633:
550:
546:
368:
295:
280:
275:
1668:
1192:. Airlines could not confirm that al-Sadr had ever flown to Italy from Libya.
849:
3153:
2885:
2017:
Shi'ite Lebanon: Transnational Religion and the Making of National Identities
1655:
Samii, Abbas William (1997). "The Shah's Lebanon policy: the role of SAVAK".
1244:
1176:), departed for Libya to meet with government officials at the invitation of
1118:
1023:
992:
878:
674:
654:
638:
Musa al-Sadr came from a long line of clerics tracing their ancestry back to
582:
515:
393:
226:
76:
963:
Three-day hunger strike by Musa Sadr in Safa mosque in Beirut in protest at
615:, departed for Libya to meet with government officials at the invitation of
2719:"As Gaddafi Teeters, Will the Mystery of Lebanon's Missing Imam Be Solved?"
1331:
1274:
1223:, told her that al-Sadr and his aides, Mohammed Yaqoub and Abbas Badreddin(
1180:. The three were last seen on 31 August. They were never heard from again.
757:. There he had teachers such as: Ayatollah Hakim, Shaykh Morteza al Yasin,
693:
312:
3068:
2594:"المجلس الشيعي في لبنان يدعو ليبيا إلى «كشف لغز» اختفاء موسى الصدر, أخبار"
1300:
Banner in Tyre, commemorating the 40th anniversary of Sadr's disappearance
661:
uprising, he left for Najaf. Sharafeddin's son, Sadreddin, left Najaf for
3043:
2988:""Shia Muslims in Lebanon", 1st Work Published in Iran on Imam Musa Sadr"
2413:
1236:
1208:
According to Iranian General Mansour Qadar, the head of Syrian security,
1196:
1134:
1050:
893:
601:
538:
503:
445:
1708:
The importance of conspiracy theory in extremist ideology and propaganda
2906:
1793:
Warriors of God: Inside Hezbollah's Thirty-Year Struggle Against Israel
1614:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, Albany. p. 425.
1458:
1363:
Imam Moussa Al Sadr Center for Research & Studies - Beirut, Lebanon
639:
611:
On 25 August 1978, Sadr and two companions, Sheikh Mohamad Yaacoub and
542:
507:
330:
303:
2416:, "The Arab World: The Reception of Kierkegaard in the Arab World" in
1720:
3130:
3023:"Unity of the Islamic Schools of Thought According to Imam Musa Sadr"
2692:"Is the Missing Shi'ite Cleric Imam Musa Sadr Alive in Libya? – TIME"
1505:"Lebanon FM to interview Muammar Gaddafi's top spy about Sadr's fate"
1306:
1263:
1113:(his wife was a niece of Musa al-Sadr), and Ayatollah Khomeini's son
1076:
Imam Musa Sadr's speech at the graduation ceremony at nursing school
919:
763:
586:
554:
2480:
Fouad Ajami, The Vanished Imam: Musa al Sadr and the Shia of Lebanon
1955:
1706:
1351:
includes a biography and an English adaptation of one of his books,
2640:
2348:
Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies: Understanding the Past
2314:"Imam Grandson, Iranian President Condole Tabatabai's Passing Away"
1349:
Unity of the Islamic Schools of Thought According to Imam Musa Sadr
1143:
945:
923:
773:
682:
561:
530:
2874:"Lebanon and Iran urge Libyan rebels to probe 33-year-old mystery"
2655:"Lebanon and Iran urge Libyan rebels to probe 33-year-old mystery"
1825:
The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future
1251:. Other sources alleged Gaddafi eliminated Sadr at the request of
2403:
The journey of Rabab Sadr, president of Imam el Sadr Institutions
949:
905:
662:
650:
3093:
1940:"The Syrian Muslim Brothers and the Syrian-Iranian Relationship"
3143:
944:
For the next four years, Sadr engaged the leadership of Syrian
718:
566:
325:
36:
1925:"Syria's Alawis and Shiism – Martin Kramer on the Middle East"
1895:"Islam Times – Imam Musa Al Sadr – his life and disappearance"
1387:
1227:), never left Libya. According to a representative of Libya's
1049:
In addition, Sadr was instrumental in developing ties between
948:
in an attempt to unify their political power with that of the
2783:"احمد رمضان يكشف اسماء الاشخاص الذين قاموا بتصفية موسى الصدر"
2340:
2338:
2147:"Moussa Sadr and the Islamic Revolution in Iran… and Lebanon"
1232:
953:
862:
861:
Musa al-Sadr declined Ayatollah Broujerdi's request to go to
806:
571:
2508:"Mansour, Lebanese judge to question Sanousi on Sadr's fate"
869:
urged him to accept an invitation from their relative Sayed
865:
as his representative and instead left Qom for Najaf. There
3139:
3120:
1189:
1094:
Attending the graduation ceremony at the Nursing School in
941:) an entity meant to give the Shia more say in government.
722:
678:
534:
526:
192:
39:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2335:
1219:
Political analyst Roula Talj has said that Gaddafi's son,
1205:, a Saudi-run pan-Arab daily, reported on 27 August 2006.
705:
Musa al-Sadr was born in the Cheharmardan neighborhood of
2619:
Libya is responsible for Musa Sadr’s disappearance: paper
2439:"The vanished Imam: Musa al Sadr and the Shia of Lebanon"
1554:
Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years
1006:
and Movement of the Disinherited and in cooperation with
706:
522:
183:
657:. Following a frantic turn of events related to an anti-
2963:"Imam Musa Sadr and Religion in the Contemporary World"
2530:
2494:
The Vanished Imam: Musa al Sadr and the Shia of Lebanon
929:
In 1969, Imam Musa was appointed the first head of the
817:
called the "Preliminary plan for reforming the Hawza" (
2351:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 147.
813:
Musa Sadr also took part in devising a new scheme for
777:
in Najaf. In 1955 he traveled to Lebanon where he met
363:
Went missing on 31 August 1978 (aged 50) in the
1578:
Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad (2021).
832:
514:
organizations, including schools, charities, and the
2652:
1736:
Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon
1577:
1383:
2933:"Committee Set Up to Pursue Fate of Imam Musa Sadr"
2738:"Iraq Breaks Ties With Libya Over Support for Iran"
1369:
Sadr Foundation - Dearborn, Michigan, United States
2674:"Fouad Ajami: Gadhafi and the Vanished Imam – WSJ"
1822:
1188:hotel and there was no evidence of his arrival in
2907:"Libya revolt may solve mystery of cleric's fate"
2843:"Lebanon Shiite leader was 'liquidated' in Libya"
2813:"Lebanon Shiite leader was 'liquidated' in Libya"
1790:
1611:Expectation of the Millennium: Shiʻism in History
837:), which was then withdrawn, in cooperation with
574:to study theology and returned to Iran after the
3151:
2378:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 272.
2013:
2721:. TIME Online. 22 February 2011. Archived from
2432:
2430:
2234:"Revolutionary Iran's 1979 Endeavor in Lebanon"
1284:, the cousin of Musa al-Sadr and leader of the
904:and provided symbolic assistance to orphans in
1551:Chehabi, Hussein; Abisaab, Rula Jurdi (2006).
1550:
1053:, then Syrian president, and the opponents of
2469:Mirror of the Arab World: Lebanon in Conflict
472:
2496:, Cornell University Press (2012), pp. 94–95
2427:
2259:"Funeral ceremony held for Sadeq Tabatabaei"
1345:was published by Ahlul Bayt World Assembly.
1002:During the war, he aligned himself with the
347:
2671:
2471:, W. W. Norton & Company (2008), p. 162
622:
3044:"مركز الإمام موسى الصدر للأبحاث والدراسات"
2197:
2195:
2193:
1546:
873:to become the leading Shi'a figure in the
810:along with some of its original founders.
596:. From Tyre, he published the periodical,
510:. In Lebanon, he founded and revived many
479:
465:
59:
2009:
2007:
1983:
1855:
1853:
1704:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
521:Born in the Chaharmardan neighborhood in
2872:Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (24 August 2011).
2735:
2482:, Cornell University Press (2012), p. 48
2436:
2261:. Ettela'at. 1 July 2016. Archived from
2050:
1931:
1295:
958:
848:
2871:
2653:Saeed Kamali Dehghan (24 August 2011).
2505:
2499:
2190:
2118:
2112:
2046:
2044:
1937:
1603:
1601:
1599:
844:
14:
3152:
2762:Worth, Robert F. (25 September 2011).
2736:Archives, L. A. Times (27 June 1985).
2455: – via General OneFile
2371:
2344:
2286:
2170:
2164:
2144:
2138:
2004:
1859:
1850:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1733:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1523:
1490:
1426:List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam
27:Iranian-born Lebanese imam (1928–1978)
2761:
2755:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2506:Dakroub, Hussein (3 September 2012).
2231:
2014:Shaery-Eisenlohr, Roschanack (2011).
1786:
1784:
1654:
1330:Al-Sadr wrote a long introduction to
1273:claimed that Sadr's body was sent to
1133:Musa al-Sadr has been referred to by
688:The second son of Ismail, also named
649:, a high-ranking cleric, was born in
133:23 May 1969 – 31 August 1978
89:6 July 1974 – 31 August 1978
2054:The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality?
2051:Esposito, John L. (7 October 1999).
2041:
1820:
1607:
1596:
1571:
1477:
1459:سيرة سماحة الإمام القائد السيد الصدر
979:, the Movement of the Disinherited (
627:
2943:from the original on 13 August 2022
2637:"Gaddafi charged for cleric kidnap"
2084:
1809:
1629:
1031:
1019:
984:
938:
822:
499:
348:
24:
3205:Lebanese people of Iranian descent
3190:Iranian people of Lebanese descent
3002:"Islam, Humanity and Human Values"
2706:
2698:. 25 February 2011. Archived from
1781:
892:In 1967, Imam al-Sadr traveled to
681:, and eventually became a leading
371:for 46 years and 23 days
25:
3266:
3114:
2780:
2424:, Tome III, Ashgate (2009), p. 89
2145:Badran, Tony (8 September 2010).
1795:. Random House. pp. 16, 32.
1734:Norton, Augustus Richard (1987).
1675:
1471:
1184:al-Sadr's baggage was found in a
1096:Supreme Shiite Council in Lebanon
1078:Supreme Shiite Council in Lebanon
1012:Afwāj al-Muqāwamat al-Lubnāniyyah
1010:developed an armed wing known as
834:ţarḩe moqaddamātīye eşlāḩe ḩowzeh
784:
739:Allamah Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai
721:, where he completed a degree in
3255:People of the Lebanese Civil War
3225:People declared dead in absentia
3069:"Imam Sadr Foundation - Lebanon"
2203:"Musa al Sadr: The Untold Story"
1580:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon
1400:
1386:
1343:Islam, Humanity and Human Values
1167:
1087:
1069:
1060:
771:'s death. Musa al-Sadr became a
647:S. Salih b. Muhammad Sharafeddin
220:
3121:Imam Moussa Al-Sadr Online News
3086:
3061:
3036:
3015:
2994:
2980:
2955:
2937:International Quran News Agency
2925:
2899:
2865:
2835:
2805:
2774:
2729:
2684:
2665:
2646:
2630:
2612:
2586:
2560:
2544:
2486:
2474:
2461:
2407:
2396:
2365:
2306:
2280:
2251:
2225:
2078:
1977:
1938:Talhamy, Yvette (Autumn 2009).
1917:
1887:
1756:
1727:
1366:Sadr Foundation - Tyre, Lebanon
1357:
581:Some years later, Sadr went to
2088:The Failure of Political Islam
1829:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1698:
1452:
1421:List of people who disappeared
729:) and political sciences from
13:
1:
3220:Missing person cases in Libya
2437:Ignatius, David (June 1986).
2209:. 31 May 2008. Archived from
2171:Badran, Tony (22 June 2010).
2020:. Columbia University Press.
1446:
1336:History of Islamic Philosophy
1229:National Transitional Council
939:المجلس الإسلامي الشيعي الأعلى
805:, a journal published by the
700:
3180:Iranian emigrants to Lebanon
2345:Savant, Sarah Bowen (2014).
2236:. Middle East Policy Council
2091:. Harvard University Press.
1821:Nasr, Vali (17 April 2007).
995:and Syrian Foreign Minister
931:Supreme Islamic Shia Council
881:, succeeding Jafar's father
645:His great-great-grandfather
545:in Lebanon, a branch of the
240:Supreme Islamic Shia Council
121:Supreme Islamic Shia Council
7:
3245:University of Tehran alumni
3126:Imam Moussa as-Sadr Website
2764:"Qaddafi's Never-Neverland"
2672:Fouad Ajami (17 May 2011).
2119:Ostovar, Afshon P. (2009).
2057:. Oxford University Press.
1684:Pioneers of Islamic Revival
1379:
1373:Imam Mousa Sadr High School
1253:Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
1128:
883:Abdul Hussein Sharif Al Din
833:
673:), was born in Isfahan, in
10:
3271:
3165:1970s missing person cases
3073:www.imamsadrfoundation.org
1791:Nicholas Blanford (2011).
1004:Lebanese National Movement
956:to the Twelver community.
911:Sadr, who became known as
799:Darsha'i az maktab-e Islam
797:, and became an editor of
779:Abd al-Hossein Sharafeddin
744:
631:
606:Shia population of Lebanon
549:which traces its roots to
3230:People from South Lebanon
3200:Lebanese grand ayatollahs
3175:Amal Movement politicians
1740:University of Texas Press
1687:Palgrave Macmillan, 1994
1669:10.1080/00263209708701142
1431:Modern Islamic philosophy
1291:
1109:(his nephew), as well as
972:Jami'at al-Birr wal-Ihsan
900:and Senegalese President
867:Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim
759:Ayatollah Abulqasim Khu'i
375:
362:
339:
318:
302:
271:
254:
246:
232:
215:
207:
199:
170:
165:
161:
149:
137:
126:
117:
105:
93:
82:
74:
70:
58:
49:
34:
3185:Iranian grand ayatollahs
2232:Ataie, Mohammad (2013).
2126:. University of Michigan
1863:Cultures Without Borders
1608:Nasr, Seyyed H. (1989).
1464:21 February 2006 at the
1325:
1020:أفواج المقاومة اللبنانية
885:, who had died in 1957.
709:, Iran, on 4 June 1928.
623:Early life and education
608:"a sense of community".
557:, and ultimately to the
492:Musa Sadr al-Din al-Sadr
188:Imperial State of Persia
50:
2550:Staff (31 August 2010)
2457:(subscription required)
2372:Mallat, Chibli (2015).
1944:The Middle East Journal
1860:Rihani, May A. (2014).
1416:Lebanese people in Iran
1313:According to Professor
823:طرح مقدّماتی اصلاح حوزه
533:and secular studies in
156:Mohd. Mehdi Shamseddine
65:Picture Of Musa As Sadr
3136:Haghshenas, Seyyed Ali
2287:Marjai, Farid (2011).
1657:Middle Eastern Studies
1441:Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr
1436:Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr
1323:
1301:
1165:
1156:
967:
898:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
858:
791:1958 Iraqi coup d'état
576:1958 Iraqi coup d'état
365:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
3210:Lebanese Shia Muslims
3098:www.sadrfoundation.us
2289:"Musa Sadr in Libya?"
2085:Roy, Olivier (1996).
1484:Encyclopedia of Islam
1319:
1299:
1221:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
1160:
1151:
1055:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
962:
902:Léopold Sédar Senghor
852:
723:Islamic jurisprudence
3195:Iranian Shia clerics
3131:Imam Sadr Foundation
2702:on 28 February 2011.
2624:6 March 2009 at the
1986:"The Imam Musa Sadr"
1271:Abdel Monem al-Houni
997:Abd al-Halim Khaddam
933:(SISC) in Lebanon, (
845:Departure to Lebanon
613:Abaass Bader el Dine
537:. He belongs to the
529:, he underwent both
500:موسى صدر الدين الصدر
309:University of Tehran
118:1st President of the
52:موسى صدر الدين الصدر
3250:Qom Seminary alumni
3094:"SadrFoundation.US"
2853:on 12 November 2011
2823:on 14 November 2011
2793:on 12 November 2011
2318:en.imam-khomeini.ir
1315:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
1022:), better known as
977:Hussein el-Husseini
769:Ayatollah Borujerdi
585:as the emissary of
441:Hussein el-Husseini
413:6 February Intifada
402:Military activities
262:Sadr al-Din al-Sadr
112:Hussein el-Husseini
2768:The New York Times
2518:on 17 January 2013
2213:on 19 October 2013
1927:. 11 January 2010.
1705:A.H. Fink (2020).
1511:. 3 September 2012
1302:
989:Lebanese Civil War
968:
965:Lebanese Civil War
859:
855:Gamal Abdel Nasser
735:Islamic philosophy
570:. He left Qom for
504:Shia Muslim cleric
144:Office established
100:Office established
75:1st Leader of the
2742:Los Angeles Times
2643:, 27 August 2008.
2265:on 21 August 2016
1990:almashriq.hiof.no
1713:Leiden University
1589:978-1-5381-2043-9
1478:Ende, W. (2012).
1394:Shia Islam portal
1123:Søren Kierkegaard
1044:Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
875:Southern Lebanese
871:Jafar Sharafeddin
839:Mohammad Beheshti
831:
731:Tehran University
653:, a village near
628:Family background
489:
488:
451:Ali Hassan Khalil
379:
378:
16:(Redirected from
3262:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3048:www.imamsadr.net
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2967:www.imamsadr.net
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2849:. Archived from
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2819:. Archived from
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2789:. Archived from
2778:
2772:
2771:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2725:on 1 March 2011.
2715:
2704:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2650:
2644:
2634:
2628:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2600:on 12 March 2007
2596:. Archived from
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2570:. Archived from
2564:
2558:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2514:. Archived from
2503:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2434:
2425:
2411:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2199:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1901:. Archived from
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1866:. Author House.
1857:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1828:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1768:www.imamsadr.net
1760:
1754:
1753:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1702:
1696:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1652:
1627:
1625:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1548:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1501:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1469:
1456:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1341:Al-Sadr's paper
1286:Sadrist Movement
1249:Southern Lebanon
1140:George M. Godley
1111:Mohammad Khatami
1107:Sadeq Tabatabaei
1091:
1073:
1057:, Shah of Iran.
1033:
1021:
986:
940:
836:
826:
824:
801:, also known as
501:
481:
474:
467:
418:War of the Camps
381:
380:
352:
351:
350:
291:Sadeq Tabatabaei
286:Muhammad al-Sadr
242:
225:
224:
223:
180:
178:
166:Personal details
152:
140:
131:
108:
96:
87:
63:
53:
32:
31:
21:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3235:People from Qom
3150:
3149:
3117:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2779:
2775:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2734:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2707:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2670:
2666:
2651:
2647:
2635:
2631:
2626:Wayback Machine
2617:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2574:on 2 March 2007
2566:
2565:
2561:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2467:Sandra Mackey,
2466:
2462:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2435:
2428:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2397:
2386:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2343:
2336:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2294:
2292:
2285:
2281:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2049:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2012:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1984:Staff writers.
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1956:10.3751/63.4.12
1936:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1858:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1819:
1810:
1803:
1789:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1732:
1728:
1715:. p. 382.
1703:
1699:
1680:
1676:
1653:
1630:
1622:
1606:
1597:
1590:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1549:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1480:"Mūsā al- Ṣadr"
1476:
1472:
1466:Wayback Machine
1457:
1453:
1449:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1360:
1328:
1294:
1282:Muqtada al-Sadr
1210:Rifaat al-Assad
1202:Asharq Al-Awsat
1178:Muammar Gaddafi
1170:
1131:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1063:
1040:Mostafa Chamran
1008:Mostafa Chamran
970:He revived the
853:Musa Sadr with
847:
787:
755:Abul Qasim Khui
751:Muhsin al-Hakim
747:
703:
636:
630:
625:
617:Muammar Gaddafi
559:Islamic prophet
551:Musa Ibn Jaafar
485:
456:
455:
431:
423:
422:
408:War of Brothers
403:
358:
346:
335:
311:
294:
289:
284:
279:
267:
238:
234:
233:Other political
221:
219:
216:Political party
190:
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176:
174:
150:
138:
132:
127:
119:
106:
94:
88:
83:
66:
54:
51:
45:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:Missing people
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3148:
3147:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3115:External links
3113:
3111:
3110:
3085:
3060:
3035:
3014:
2993:
2979:
2954:
2924:
2913:. 2 March 2011
2898:
2864:
2834:
2804:
2781:Mousa, Jenan.
2773:
2754:
2728:
2705:
2683:
2664:
2645:
2629:
2611:
2585:
2559:
2555:The Daily Star
2543:
2529:
2512:The Daily Star
2498:
2485:
2473:
2460:
2426:
2414:Habib C. Malik
2406:
2395:
2385:978-0199394203
2384:
2364:
2358:978-0748644971
2357:
2334:
2305:
2279:
2250:
2224:
2207:Asharq Alawsat
2189:
2163:
2137:
2111:
2097:
2077:
2063:
2040:
2026:
2003:
1976:
1950:(4): 561–580.
1930:
1916:
1905:on 5 June 2016
1886:
1872:
1849:
1835:
1808:
1801:
1780:
1755:
1749:978-0292730403
1748:
1742:. p. 39.
1726:
1711:(PhD thesis).
1697:
1693:978-1856492546
1681:ʻAlī Rāhnamā.
1674:
1628:
1620:
1595:
1588:
1570:
1564:978-1860645617
1563:
1557:. I.B.Tauris.
1522:
1489:
1470:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:Lebanon portal
1397:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1375:- Tehran, Iran
1370:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1327:
1324:
1293:
1290:
1214:Gaddafi regime
1169:
1166:
1130:
1127:
1115:Ahmad Khomeini
1093:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1059:
985:حركة المحرومين
846:
843:
803:Maktab-e Eslam
786:
785:Return to Iran
783:
746:
743:
702:
699:
692:, was born in
634:Al-Sadr family
632:Main article:
629:
626:
624:
621:
553:, the seventh
487:
486:
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476:
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461:
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334:
333:
328:
322:
320:
316:
315:
306:
300:
299:
296:Zohreh Sadeghi
281:Haydar al-Sadr
276:Ismail as-Sadr
273:
269:
268:
266:
265:
258:
256:
252:
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250:Parvin Khalili
248:
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97:
91:
90:
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79:
72:
71:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
47:
46:
44:Moussa al-Sadr
43:
35:
26:
18:Moussa as-Sadr
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3267:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
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3178:
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3155:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3134:
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2817:Yahoo Maktoob
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2787:Akhbar Al Aan
2784:
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2770:. p. 26.
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2019:
2018:
2010:
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1991:
1987:
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1896:
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1873:9781496936462
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1836:9780393066401
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1245:Yasser Arafat
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595:
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583:Tyre, Lebanon
579:
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569:
568:
563:
560:
556:
552:
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547:Musawi family
544:
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516:Amal Movement
513:
512:Lebanese Shia
509:
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392:
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367:and has been
366:
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208:Resting place
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77:Amal Movement
73:
69:
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3101:. Retrieved
3097:
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2936:
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2910:
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2878:The Guardian
2877:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2851:the original
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2825:. Retrieved
2821:the original
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2791:the original
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2741:
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2659:the Guardian
2658:
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2443:The Atlantic
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2176:
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2140:
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2124:(PhD Thesis)
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2087:
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2053:
2031:. Retrieved
2016:
1994:. Retrieved
1992:. Al Mashriq
1989:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1947:
1943:
1933:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:the original
1898:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1862:
1840:. Retrieved
1824:
1792:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:
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1677:
1663:(1): 66–91.
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1656:
1626:, chapter 26
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1553:
1513:. Retrieved
1508:
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1358:Institutions
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1332:Henry Corbin
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950:Twelver Shia
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928:
917:
912:
910:
891:
887:
860:
857:in the 1960s
814:
812:
802:
798:
788:
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762:
748:
726:
715:
711:
704:
694:Ottoman Iraq
687:
670:
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637:
610:
597:
580:
565:
541:family from
520:
491:
490:
436:Musa al-Sadr
435:
349:السید المغیب
313:Qom Seminary
235:affiliations
151:Succeeded by
143:
128:
107:Succeeded by
99:
84:
29:
3160:1928 births
3103:29 November
3078:29 November
2857:15 November
2827:15 November
2797:15 November
2418:Jon Steward
2151:Now Lebanon
1899:Islam Times
1241:Palestinian
1197:Nabih Berri
1135:Fouad Ajami
1051:Hafez Assad
894:West Africa
602:Fouad Ajami
446:Nabih Berri
181:4 June 1928
139:Preceded by
95:Preceded by
3154:Categories
3053:3 December
3028:3 December
3007:3 December
2557:(Lebanon).
1773:3 December
1738:. Austin:
1721:1887/87359
1447:References
789:After the
701:Early life
640:Jabal Amel
587:Ayatollahs
543:Jabal Amel
508:politician
355:The Sayyid
331:politician
319:Profession
304:Alma mater
177:1928-06-04
2947:14 August
2911:Arab News
2886:0261-3077
2604:28 August
2578:28 August
2291:. Payvand
2173:"Syriana"
1964:144219075
1509:Ya Libnan
1307:Hezbollah
1280:In 2021,
1269:In 2011,
1264:Al Aan TV
920:Vali Nasr
913:Imam Musa
828:romanized
690:Sadreddin
590:Borujerdi
555:Shia Imam
340:Nicknames
272:Relatives
129:In office
85:In office
3240:Twelvers
2941:Archived
2847:France24
2696:TIME.com
2641:BBC News
2622:Archived
2217:5 August
2182:4 August
1486:. Brill.
1462:Archived
1380:See also
1144:charisma
1129:Charisma
924:Maronite
774:mujtahid
683:mujtahid
562:Muhammad
531:seminary
386:a series
384:Part of
293:(nephew)
288:(cousin)
264:(father)
3170:Musawis
2972:24 June
2522:4 March
2420:(ed.),
2391:niece).
2156:28 July
2130:26 July
2104:26 June
2070:27 June
1996:27 June
1969:29 July
1515:4 March
1243:leader
1186:Tripoli
946:‘Alawīs
906:Senegal
830::
819:Persian
745:In Iraq
677:-ruled
671:as-Sadr
663:Isfahan
659:Ottoman
369:Missing
298:(niece)
283:(uncle)
211:Unknown
203:Unknown
3146:. 2009
3144:Tehran
2917:5 July
2891:5 July
2884:
2747:5 July
2449:1 June
2382:
2355:
2324:2 June
2320:. 2015
2295:2 June
2269:2 June
2240:2 June
2177:Tablet
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2061:
2033:2 July
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1962:
1909:26 May
1879:26 May
1870:
1842:26 May
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1561:
1468:Arabic
1292:Legacy
1098:, 1975
1080:, 1977
1028:Arabic
1016:Arabic
981:Arabic
935:Arabic
767:after
737:under
719:Tehran
667:Ismail
651:Shhour
567:Sayyid
496:Arabic
430:People
326:Cleric
255:Parent
247:Spouse
37:Sayyid
1960:S2CID
1695:p 195
1326:Works
1275:Sabha
1237:Sunni
1233:Cairo
954:mufti
863:Italy
815:Hawza
807:Hawza
764:Marja
675:Qajar
594:Hakim
572:Najaf
3140:Iran
3105:2019
3080:2019
3055:2019
3030:2019
3009:2019
2974:2022
2949:2022
2919:2023
2893:2023
2882:ISSN
2859:2011
2829:2011
2799:2011
2749:2023
2606:2006
2580:2006
2524:2013
2451:2016
2445:: 77
2380:ISBN
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2326:2016
2297:2016
2271:2016
2242:2016
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2035:2016
2022:ISBN
1998:2016
1971:2013
1911:2016
1881:2016
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1844:2016
1831:ISBN
1797:ISBN
1775:2019
1744:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1616:ISBN
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1517:2013
1190:Rome
1158:and
1024:Amal
879:Tyre
753:and
727:fiqh
679:Iran
592:and
539:Sadr
535:Iran
527:Iran
506:and
200:Died
193:Iran
171:Born
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2678:WSJ
1952:doi
1717:hdl
1665:doi
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523:Qom
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