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pyroclastic flow, as well as due to the presence of rain, and it was almost impossible to evacuate even from the windward side, as the pyroclastic surge that flowed from the
Akamatsu-dani River would have cut them off. A fire brigade member of the agricultural training station, several hundred meters away from the "fixed point", assumed incorrectly that the roaring of the pyroclastic flow was caused by a debris flow instead, and was engulfed by the pyroclastic surge when he left the training station to check the Mizunashi River. Many members escaped from the evacuation advisory area on their own, but suffered severe burns and airway damage. As a result, 16 members of the media (including part-time students), three volcanologists (the Kraffts and Harry Glicken), 12 firefighters who were on guard, four taxi drivers, two police officers who came by police car to conduct evacuation guidance, two workers who were removing the city council election poster bulletin board, and four residents who were working in agriculture were killed. The disaster resulted in 43 dead or missing, and nine injured. The photographer of the
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image was given regarding the danger of pyroclastic flows compared to that of debris flows (which had caused significant damage previously), and most residents did not take the warnings seriously. Many misunderstood them to be mere clouds of dust. According to the "Investigation of
Disaster Information Transmission and Residents' Responses during the 1991 Unzendake Eruption" conducted in 1992, 75% of local residents recognized debris flows as more dangerous than pyroclastic flows before June 2. Only 15% perceived pyroclastic flows to be more dangerous. Furthermore, only 5% of the residents in the Kamikoba area recognized pyroclastic flows as "very dangerous". As was seen in the survey results, the volcanologist's warnings were not even understood by residents living in the most dangerous areas.
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volcanic deposits for almost 15 years. The video received from the camera shows the reporters observing the first pyroclastic flow, and then continuing to report after having moved their position to the "fixed point". It also displays the police cars that announced evacuation, all unaware of the approach of the second large pyroclastic flow. The footage and sound were recorded and recovered, although heavily damaged and warped (the video ends when the cameraman notices a sound apparently associated with the generating pyroclastic flow, and asks "What's that sound?", whilst turning the camera in the direction of Mt. Fugen). This video was broadcast on
October 16, 2005, and is now exhibited at the Unzendake Disaster Memorial Hall (Shimabara City) alongside the melted camera.
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originally reported that the pyroclastic flows seen on Fugen-dake at the time were "geologically small", which many regarded as "a scale that would cause no human fatalities". On May 26, a construction worker operating a Sabo dam in the upstream area of the
Mizunashi River was caught in a pyroclastic flow; he survived but was sent to hospital with burns on his arms. Many thought that such burns could be prevented by wearing a long-sleeved shirt. The danger of the phenomena was not made clear. Furthermore, the number of pyroclastic flows from May 25 to June 2 had increased to 165, and all had stopped near the Sabo dam in the upper reaches of the valley. As a result, much of the media grew accustomed to the eruptions and no longer felt like they were in any danger.
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the NE and stopped just short of Kita-Kamikoba. The main flow initially descended on the NE flank and was then deflected by Taruki height, directing it to the SE, after which it passed through the already ravaged Kita-Kamikoba, where it remobilized debris from the June 3 eruption, then continued east through the
Mizunashi river valley. As the pyroclastic flow reached Onokoba the pyroclastic surge detached from the main flow body as it continued moving 600 m (2,000 ft) to the SE before losing its energy and stopping. The surge was powerful enough to move a car 120 m (390 ft), flatten and uproot large trees and even move large debris in Kita-Kamikoba and Onokoba. The surge destroyed the Onokaba elementary school and burned down 150 homes.
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carbon dioxide were detected emitting from rock fractures. This area was also reported to have erupted volcanic gasses during the 1792 eruption. Earthquakes occurred sporadically from 1975, but there were 89 sensitive earthquakes, with strong shaking equivalent to a maximum seismic intensity of 5 from June to
September 1979. At Shimabara Onsen, there was a place where the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration rose sharply from 1975 and increased by 30%. From April 1984, swarms occurred in Tachibana Bay A magnitude 5.7 earthquake with a seismic intensity of 5 occurred in August near the south side of Hayama. As a result of this earthquake, uplift of the Shimabara Peninsula was observed, and magma supply from Tachibana Bay began.
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name sticker" was issued, and private cars with such a sticker were given permission to enter the evacuated area. For this reason, there were many residents doing laundry and field work at homes in the zone that had been declared dangerous. In the
Kamikoba area, in particular, there were many farmers who made a living by cultivating tobacco leaf, but since they had been forced to evacuate for a long time (since the May 15 debris flows), their work grew stagnant and many of them were concerned. For this reason, on June 4, in collaboration with tobacco farmers in Annaka Town (which had not been evacuated), the residents of the Kamikoba area entered the evacuation zone to perform flower filling work later than usual.
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714:(130 ft) high. This shooting spot was located on the prefectural road in the village of Kita-Kamikoba, and was favored by the media because they were able to view Fugen-dake directly in front of them. The nickname "fixed point" was established. After the first pyroclastic flow on May 24, more than a dozen media members were lined up at the "fixed point". In 1991, the media had started to use color photographs on the paper, and with the Fugen-dake disaster becoming an ongoing topic of coverage, the companies started competing for color photographs. The competition became even more intense as the Mainichi Shimbun succeeded in shooting nightly pyroclastic flows on May 28.
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managed to recover 27 bodies and brought them to the Anyoji Temple. Four of the victims' bodies were never recovered, and were reported as missing at the time, but presumed dead. Many of the recovered bodies were carbonized due to the extreme heat of the surge, and were identified by either dental records, or personal belongings they carried with them (e.g. wristwatches or cameras). Seventeen victims on the outer edges of the affected zone lived for a while, before succumbing later to their injuries (burns to their skin and lungs, or inhaled ash in their windpipe and lungs). The final victim reportedly died on August 8.
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provided for those who plan to change the crops handled, and the reconstruction fund received a subsidy for the installation of a greenhouse or relocation costs. In parallel, the irrigation facilities in the affected areas were also developed. At the time of resuming agriculture in 2000, the number of farmers in the affected areas had decreased to 374. However, these support measures were successful, and the value of agricultural production in
Shimabara City and Fukae Town recovered to almost the same level as before the disaster in 2005.
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587:, beginning with an earthquake in November of the previous year. On February 10, 1792, eruptions from Fugen-dake's Jigokuato crater began. Lava flows began on March 1 and continued for nearly two months. On March 22, volcanic plumes were produced, and lava also flowed out of the crater. On March 25, fumes rose and lava flowed down the northeastern part of Fugen-dake at a total length of 2.7 km (1.7 mi). Eventually, the east flank of the Mayu-yama dome collapsed unexpectedly following a post-eruption earthquake, creating a
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had exited the valley mouth and continued further, hitting Kita-Kamikoba town (4 km (2.5 mi) away from the lava dome) and finally stopping near the
Tsutsuno bus stop (5 km (3.1 mi) away). The pyroclastic flow also flowed down the Akamatsu-dani River, but changed direction due to a gust of wind from the south, allowing the residents, firefighters, and the shooting staff (who left their camera behind to capture world-famous footage of the eruption) to immediately escape the eruption.
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the dome continued to grow, continuously supplied with fresh lava from the crater underneath, creating new lobes that hung down from the summit. The 1st to 13th lobes were named in the order they were formed. Collapsing of the lava dome began to occur when the lobes, pushed out by the newly supplied magma, started to give way on the slope, causing a phenomenon known as pyroclastic flows (in which debris and volcanic gasses flow down the mountainside at speeds of 100 km/h).
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collapsed, 0.5 million cubic meters of hardened lava broke off, leaving a significant collapse scar afterwards, suggesting that the size of the dome collapse (rather than the column collapse) initiated the surge. Other explanations account the fact that previous lahars and pyroclastic flows filled the
Mizunashi Valley, raising the level of the river-bed and making it more likely for the flow to "skip" ridges that would have once stopped it. According to the 2011 documentary
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shown that the pyroclastic flow left significant deposits near the mouth of the Mizunashi River Valley, enough to bury houses and the river itself. In contrast, the surge that detached from the flow left deposits of ash between 3 and 30 centimetres (1.2 and 11.8 in) thick, however trees were flattened and many buildings continued burning until the next morning. The force of the surge was enough to push a car 80 metres (260 ft) down-road.
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dome on May 26, and 3 km (1.9 mi) on May 29. On May 26 when the tip of a pyroclastic flow approached 500 m (1,600 ft) from the nearest private houses, Shimabara City issued an evacuation recommendation for Kita-Kamikoba town, Minami-Kamikoba town, Shirataki town, Tenjin Motomachi, and Fudan Motomachi – all located in the Mizunashi River basin. The evacuation recommendation was carried out without trouble.
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once again on June 1. The evacuation area then became smaller, since the commercial broadcasters had shot footage of bright red lava on May 30 and 31; the person in charge of the news program (who ordered the initial retreat of the front-line shooting staff) ordered more images shot like it. Kamikoba soon emerged again as a filming location of the press.
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belongings from their homes, or enter the Kamikoba area to do housework or farm work, and it was considered necessary to guide their evacuation in the event of an emergency. As a result, it was convenient for the agricultural training school (which was close to the "fixed point") to monitor the behavior of the press and warn any nearby locals of danger.
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Construction (at that time officials of the Public Works Research Institute) released a picture taken when entering the path of previous pyroclastic flows below the lava dome, and another group on the afternoon of June 1 or 2. After entering the tip of the deposit path, they surveyed the site for about an hour, photographed the pattern and released it.
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to the frequent occurrences of pyroclastic flows, they were evacuated from the firefighting station in Minami-Kamikoba town to the Shiratani Public Hall in the lower Mizunashi River, but on June 2, they returned to the Agricultural Training Center in Kita-Kamikoba town. This was because of the following reasons:
982:. Two holes were drilled, 750 metres (2,460 ft) and 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) deep, and cores taken from these holes were used to better determine Unzen's eruptive history. One further 350-metre (1,150 ft) deep borehole was drilled to test the methods to be used in the final drilling project.
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basin, as well as the Senbongi district and parts of Shimabara were severely damaged. In addition, there was concern about the collapse of Mt. Mayuyama, which previously caused the 1792 disaster. In this eruptive activity, however, Mt. Mayuyama protected the center of Shimabara from the pyroclastic flows.
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The main drill began in 2003, starting from the northern flank of the volcano with a 440 mm (17 in) hole at an angle of 25 degrees from vertical. At greater depths, the direction of boring was tilted towards the conduit, reaching an angle of 75 degrees from vertical at a depth of 800 metres
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The eruptive activity caused great damage to the Shimabara Peninsula, especially Shimabara City and Fukae Town. The main factor that led to damage were debris flows and lahars, initiated by heavy rain which destabilized pyroclastic flow and ash debris previously deposited on the slopes. The Mizunashi
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Many of the casualties of the June 3 eruption could have been avoided if the danger of pyroclastic flows had been made more apparent beforehand. While the first pyroclastic flow on May 24 was shocking, many did not understand just how lethal such events could become. A reporter stated at the time: "I
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At 4:08 pm, the second large pyroclastic flow occurred, descending the Mizunashi River Valley and reaching 3.2 km (2.0 mi) to the east from the lava dome. Although the main body of the flow continued to follow the river, the resulting pyroclastic surge spread out in a fan shape once it
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On May 29, preparations for the rainy season were resumed, and so was the removal of sediment from the Mizunashi River. But wire sensors that were installed to detect occurrences of debris flows were cut off on May 26 in a series of pyroclastic flows, and recovery of them was still expected to occur.
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Due to the temporary lull in rainfall, the occurrence of debris flow became more sparse, and it was judged that the area where the pyroclastic flows came out was a steep area and did not reach a gentle slope downwards. The evacuation for Tenjin Motomachi and Fudano Motomachi was lifted on the 1st, as
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From May 15, when the debris flow evacuation advisory was issued, the fire brigade in charge of the Kamikoba district stayed either at the Minami-Kamikoba town fire brigade, or the Kita-Kamikoba town agricultural training center (which was initially an evacuation residence for locals). On May 29, due
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were warned that it was likely for them to be engulfed by the clouds, and in an evacuation recommendation, they were asked to leave the "fixed point" and find another area. According to a photographer who continued aerial photography of the lava dome from the helicopter, "The bottom fans out from the
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began ejecting from two places near a shrine at the summit. These eruptions only allowed vaporized hot water and ash to blow up from the two craters. In December of the same year, the volcano's state lulled and it seemed that it would end, but it erupted again on February 12, 1991, and on April 3 and
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was expressed by various numbers (such as Mitake Goho/Mimine Godake as "24th peak", or Yatsuha as "36th peak"). As a result, the usage of only eight mountains (sometimes three mountains) was coined in a narrow sense, but historically it is a name that refers to the entire mountain range towering over
975:. The project hoped to shed light on some fundamental questions in volcanology, such as why magma repeatedly travels in the same conduits despite the solidification of magma in them at the end of each eruption, and how it can lose enough gas on its ascent to erupt effusively rather than explosively.
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The first large-scale dome collapses and pyroclastic flows occurred after June 3 on September 15, 1991. Progressive failure of the NE flank of the lava dome started at 16:44, with major flows following at 17:59 and 18:45 before the largest pyroclastic flow at 18:54. The first flows descended towards
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Twenty-five days after the event, the Japan Meteorological Agency revealed that while the first dome collapse was reported, much of the mass media and local residents were in a state of confusion about the danger of pyroclastic flows, and were not particularly concerned about them overall. The media
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Similarly, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) stopped shooting from within the evacuated area from the end of May and arranged for an unmanned camera in the Kamikoba area. But until the unmanned camera was ready, the photographer who had been lowered backwards was advanced to the Kamikoba area
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In order to capture the pyroclastic flow activity on film, the mass media chose a select spot within the evacuation advisory area. This spot was 4 km (2.5 mi) away from the lava dome, 700 m (2,300 ft) away from the Mizunashi River (where debris flows were frequent), and 40 m
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However, on May 20, when the lava dome appeared on Fugen-dake, it continued to grow day by day, and on May 24 part of the dome collapsed and the first pyroclastic flow occurred. After that, small pyroclastic flows occurred frequently, reaching a distance of 2.5 km (1.6 mi) east of the lava
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of the summit area, fresh lava was confirmed to be emerging on May 20, 1991. The lava was so viscous that it did not flow out, but instead became a dome which formed in the crater. The lava dome grew like a peach, eventually splitting and collapsing into four pieces under its own weight. After that,
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The first debris flow in the Mizunashi River (located at the foothills of Unzendake) occurred on May 15, and others continued to occur in succession on the 19th, 20th, and 21st. Shimabara City made an evacuation recommendation to the towns in the Mizunashi River basin each time, resulting in smooth
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It started with a slowly building active phase in 1968, with first earthquake swarms continuing until 1975. Large amounts of volcanic gas were ejected by Fugen, which affected about thirty cedar trees. In 1975, bird and animal carcasses were found in the surrounding area, and high concentrations of
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The Mizunashi River was completely filled by earth and sand dredging. Dykes and bridges have been strengthened. In the downstream area, there was too much sediment, so a new residential area was built on the sediment. In addition, a roadside station Mizunashi Honjin Fukae was installed on National
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Shimabara City issued an evacuation advisory for the villages near the base of Unzen on May 26, but responded to the residents' request that patrolling police officers allow them into the area to return to their homes (in preparation for prolonged evacuation). From the same day onward, a "district
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itself left a notable scar on the eastern side of the summit, and the pyroclastic flow and surge resulted in much damage in the Kamikoba district. Kita-Kamikoba was almost completely destroyed. Around 170 houses were devastated, many of them set alight by the intense heat of the ash. Pictures have
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On June 2, several reports from a press conference by the Director General of Shimabara, detailed several TV station crews breaking into homes without permission, borrowing telephones and power outlets, and littering in the area. Also, after May 26, residents would often return to recover personal
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The eruption activity continued until March 1995, with a temporary pause during its course. Between 1991 and 1994, the volcano generated at least 10,000 small pyroclastic flows, destroying about 2,000 houses. From 1993 onward, the rate of lava effusion gradually decreased, and eruptions
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On June 3, a debris flow warning was passed out due to rain that began in the morning, and a party was held in Shiratani to celebrate the winner of the Shimabara City Council election on June 2. As a result of those two factors, most residents were withdrawn from the evacuation advisory area, and
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Volcanologists did not talk about the danger of pyroclastic flows initially, because they feared residents would panic, especially those still working in the evacuated area. Residents were warned not to enter the evacuation advisory area by Shimabara City and the media, but since May, no concrete
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Pyroclastic flows continued over the next few days following the June 3 eruption, however, they were reportedly smaller and less frequent. Even so, rescue efforts and movements to recover the bodies of the victims, were disrupted and stalled due to the ever-present danger. Authorities eventually
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In addition, many visitors had begun to gather around Unzendake to see the plumes. In particular, since June 2 was Sunday, many visitors from other prefectures gathered around the Mizunashi River and observed the pyroclastic flows with binoculars and photographed them with video cameras. Traffic
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At the "fixed point", members of the media initially left their chartered taxis and company cars on the road with their engine running, facing south so that they could escape immediately in case of an unforeseen event. However, the field of view was poor due to dispersing ash from the previous
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After 3:30 pm on June 3, small and medium-sized pyroclastic flows occurred frequently, and the first large-scale pyroclastic flow occurred at 3:57. Although this pyroclastic flow (and its resulting pyroclastic surge) did not reach the "fixed point", visibility in the vicinity deteriorated
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Various assistance was provided to prevent farmers from leaving the area. The Agricultural Improvement and Extension Center conducted interviews with all affected households (667 households) and held consultations for those who wished to resume agriculture until 1999. Training allowances were
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It is unclear as to what caused the unprecedented size of the second, large-scale pyroclastic flow on June 3. It has been suggested that the heavy ash-laden column that towered over the main flow, collapsed during its descent, causing the surge. It has also been pointed out that when the dome
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A professional video camera used by an NTV cameraman who died in the pyroclastic flow was discovered in June 2005. The camera melted due to the high temperature generated by the pyroclastic flow and was severely damaged, but the tape it contained was playable, despite having been buried under
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The fact that pyroclastic flows were being recorded in clear images for the first time attracted a great deal of attention from all over the world, and many volcanologists and government officials entered the evacuation advisory area for interviews and photography. On May 28, the Ministry of
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In December 1663, Fugen-dake erupted, producing lava flows that covered forest for over an extension of 1 km (0.62 mi). In the spring of the following year, there was a flood from the Kujuku Island crater, located on the southeastern flank of Fugen-dake at an altitude of 600 metres
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Activity from 150,000 years ago to the present has occurred at a number of sites around the volcanic complex, building four main domes at different times: the No-dake (70–150,000 years old), Myōken-dake (25–40,000 years old), Fugen-dake (younger than 25,000 years old) and
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The temperature at the conduit was about 155 °C (311 °F), much lower than pre-drill estimations of 500 °C (932 °F) and over. This was attributed to hydrothermal circulation accelerating the cooling of the magma over the nine to ten years since the end of the eruption.
986:(2,600 ft). Drilling reached 1,800 metres (5,900 ft), the original target depth, without reaching the conduit, but in July 2004 at a depth of 1,995 metres (6,545 ft), the conduit was finally reached. The vertical depth below the summit was 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).
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The 1990–1995 eruptions of Unzen were the first eruptive activities in the world where pyroclastic flows were recorded clearly and continuously on video (in the past, many pyroclastic flows, such as those on Mt. Pelee, were recorded either as photographs or on small-scale videos).
812:), the unexpected surge could have been caused by phreatic explosions as the main body of the pyroclastic flow proceeded down two waterfalls at the headwaters of the river, fragmenting the ash-particles of the avalanche and expanding the energy of the overlaying gas and ash cloud.
355:) rises in the central part of the Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture. It is located on the outer ring of the Chijiwa Caldera centering on Tachibana Bay in the west of the peninsula. It consists of a total of more than 20 mountains, however, the complexity in the shape of
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Heisei Shinzan has been surveyed and climbed several times (the general public is prohibited from climbing because of the alert area), and a detailed observation of the lava dome was carried out. Even now, active fumaroles can be observed from several places on the
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abandoned their position and retreated past the Tsutsuno bus stop, to instead set up a point in Fukae Town outside the evacuation zone on May 28, and switched to 24-hour shooting from there. At the "fixed point", the coverage in the vicinity was limited to patrols.
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newspaper died holding his Nikon F4. The camera recorded seven frames of the pyroclastic flow, although it was discolored by heat. All of the areas surrounding the "fixed point" where many casualties occurred, were within the advised evacuation zone.
533:, which has seen extensive volcanism over millions of years. The oldest volcanic deposits in the region date from over 6 million years ago, and extensive eruptions occurred over the whole peninsula between 2.5 and 0.5 million years ago.
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The Shimabara Railway Line passed through the area affected by the eruptions, but was restored on some elevated reduction, including a disaster zone in 2008. Shimabaragaiko Station continued to operate, but Kazusa Station was
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As a result, it was decided to manually monitor the upstream part of the Mizunashi River. The agricultural training center in Kita-Kamikoba was favored for this, as it was located higher than the Minami-Kamikoba fire station.
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through crustal faulting. This caused parts of the peninsula to subside by up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) below sea level and may have caused eruptive activity to localize at one site inside the graben. Eruptions of
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The volcano rapidly grew during its first 200,000 years, forming a very large cone. Later eruptions over the following 150,000 years filled in much of the graben. Initially, activity was dominated by blocky
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On the coast, a landfill (Heisei-cho) was built by the earth and sand transported, and the Unzendake Disaster Memorial Hall, Shimabara Reconstruction Arena and Shimabara Workers General Welfare Center were built
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Among the areas destroyed by the pyroclastic flows, the area around Heisei Shinzan and the upper part of the Mizunashi River are still designated as warning areas because of the possibility of collapses of the
450:, but it was changed to the current notation when it was designated as a national park. An army radar base was built near the summit of Fugen-dake during the Pacific War, where about 100 people were stationed.
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Mayu-yama (4,000 years old) volcanic peaks. Fugen-dake has been the site of most eruptions during the past 20,000 years and lies about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the center of Shimabara.
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In November 1989, an earthquake swarm began about 20 km (12 mi) underneath and 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Fugen-dake. Over the following year, earthquakes continued, and their
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10 million yen of support was provided to the residents with completely destroyed households. A new residential area – the "Nita housing complex" – was created on a hill for the victims.
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On the bottom of the Ariake Sea off Shimabara city, volcanic ash had accumulated 20 to 80 centimetres (7.9 to 31.5 in) of mud and it has had difficulty recovering naturally.
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In areas other than Shimabara and Fukae, there was ash fall depending on the wind direction, and at Kumamoto Airport, it had an impact on the arrival and departure of aircraft.
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knew they were quite hot, but didn't know they could be accompanied by (pyroclastic surges). I thought we could escape by car, but I didn't know the extent at which it burned."
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In the distance, Mt. Unzen's Fugen-dake (left) and Heisei-Shinzan peaks, the latter a lava dome that emerged during the 1990–1995 eruption, seen from Nita Pass in November 2005
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caused by accumulated volcanic ash at the summit occurred, and a number of cracks were formed on the west side of the crater, extending in an east–west direction. After this
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well as Shiratani. Therefore, the fire brigade were no longer allowed to stay in the towns downstream from the Kamikoba area, as the evacuation advisories were now canceled.
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On Sunday, June 2, all 20 members of the Kamikoba area fire brigade slept at the agricultural training institute. They remained at the training center and were on alert.
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A map of the large-scale pyroclastic flow (and its surge) that occurred at 4:08 PM on June 3, 1991. The position of the Kraffts and Glicken is marked with a cross.
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flows and airfall deposits from 500,000 to 400,000 years ago. The period from 400,000 to 300,000 years ago saw the emplacement of large areas of
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derive magma from the Chijiwa Caldera. In other words, it is supplied from a magma chamber beneath Tachibana Bay off Obama Onsen. The main peak is
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Sabo dam of the Mizunashi River, and if a large pyroclastic flow occurs, there is a strong possibility of it striking the 'fixed point'." The
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and lahar deposits; these form the major part of the volcanic fan surrounding the volcano. Beginning 300,000 to 150,000 years ago, thick
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12,000 residents from their homes. On June 3, 1991, the volcano erupted violently, possibly as a result of depressurisation of the
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In 1999, an ambitious project began at Mount Unzen to drill deep inside the volcano and sample magma in the 1990–1995 eruption
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to channel lahar flows away from vulnerable areas, and warning systems and evacuation plans have been developed and deployed.
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reached 4.5 km (2.8 mi) from the crater and claimed the lives of 43 scientists and journalists, including
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from the dispersing cloud covered the surroundings, in addition to the rainfall that had continued from the morning.
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Unzen Scientific Drilling Project: Challenging drilling operation into the magmatic conduit shortly after eruption
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Yamamoto, T.; Takarada, S.; Suto, S. (1993), "Pyroclastic flows from the 1991 eruption of Unzen volcano, Japan",
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Core stratigraphy of the Unzen Scientific Drilling: Volcanic History of the Unzen Volcano, Kyūshū, SW Japan
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that killed an estimated 15,000 people. As of 2011 it is the worst volcanic related eruption in Japan.
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Volcanotectonic history of Shimabara Peninsula and the evolution of Unzen volcano in Southwest Japan
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lava began from a site slightly to the south of today's Mount Unzen and migrated north over time.
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at 1,486 metres (4,875 ft). The latter emerged during the eruptions of the early, eponymous
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Since the eruptions, heavy rains have frequently remobilised pyroclastic material, generating
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List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments
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gradually migrated towards the summit. Finally on November 17, 1990 (Heisei 2), the first
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was most recently active from 1990 to 1995, and a large eruption in 1991 generated a
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After 1792, the volcano remained dormant until it erupted again in November 1990.
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deposits were laid down, suggesting the subsidence of the volcano into its
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650:
431:, but the volcanic activity from 1990 (Heisei 2) to 1995 (Heisei 7) made
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2152:
2115:
The men and women in wooly hats who risk their lives to study volcanoes
998:
638:
592:
493: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
447:
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2811:
2703:
Overview and the achievement of the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project
2495:"In this aerial image, Kitakamikoba area is covered with volcanic..."
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2471:"In this aerial image, A lava dome is seen at the summit of Mt..."
536:
The origins of the Unzen complex are traced to the formation of a
2806:
978:
Drilling began with test bores to assess the viability of a deep
596:
293:
2727:"Unzendake: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan"
2694:
Uto K., Hoshizumi H., Matsumoto A., Oguri K., Nguyen H. (2001),
666:
The threat of further disastrous events prompted authorities to
607:
362:
the sea. It is often confused with the name of the oldest peak,
2861:
2701:
Uto K., Nakada S., Shimizu H., Sakuma S., Hoshizumi H. (2004),
901:
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59:
2315:"EBSCO Publishing Citation Format: MLA (Modern Language Assoc"
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671:
623:
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that killed 14,524 people in Japan's worst volcanic-related
958:
951:, due to its history of violent activity and location in a
2680:
Hoshizumi H., Uto K., Matsumoto A., Kurihara A. (2004),
1899:"Unzen-Fugendake Eruption Executive Summary 1990－1995"
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Dome collapse and pyroclastic flow at Unzen Volcano
1001:starts at Mount Unzen and flows to the Ariake Sea.
949:
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
446:Unzen originally read "onsen" in the notation of a
2603:Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo
2414:
614:of Unzen, taken from Space Shuttle, April 15, 1994
771:
706:evacuation of residents and no human fatalities.
661:
443:is also the highest peak in Nagasaki Prefecture.
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878:Effects of the Heisei eruptions/restoration work
865:Dome collapses and pyroclastic flows continued.
16:Group of volcanoes in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan
2705:, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2004
2698:, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2001
2691:, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2004
2684:, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2004
2677:, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2001
852:
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2682:Growth History Of Unzen Volcano, Kyūshū, Japan
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280:In 1792, the collapse of one of its several
2673:Hoshizumi H., Uto K., Matsumoto A. (2001),
1017:, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1924–present
580:(2,000 ft). More than 30 were killed.
2772:
2758:
2517:
967:Devastation from Mt. Unzen's 1991 eruption
19:"Unzen" redirects here. For the city, see
2958:Highest points of Japanese national parks
1918:
509:Learn how and when to remove this message
2412:
1924:
1849:"Geological Background Of Unzen Volcano"
1809:List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
962:
959:Unzen Scientific Drilling Project (USDP)
815:
762:
622:House destroyed and partially buried by
617:
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520:
234:
849:fortunately resulted in fewer victims.
725:However, on May 26, reporters from the
300:that killed 43 people, including three
2885:
2744:Looking Into a Volcano: Drilling Unzen
700:
646:4. The eruption intensified on May 9.
2753:
2687:Sakuma S., Nakada S., Uto K. (2004),
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1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
491:adding citations to reliable sources
462:
407:(1,062 m (3,484 ft)), and
377:(1,483 m (4,865 ft)), are
322:at 1,359 metres (4,459 ft) and
277:, Japan's southernmost main island.
2590:"Unzen Scientific Drilling Project"
1874:"謎を呼ぶビール瓶次々 戦時中、極秘レーダー基地 長崎の普賢岳山頂に"
643:phreatic, or steam-blast, eruptions
626:in the Mizunashi River valley, 1994
585:deadliest eruption occurred in 1792
453:
167:
127:
13:
2198:"KasairyuuTaisekibutu_1 (English)"
14:
2969:
2710:
2264:"雲仙普賢岳の災害遺構～いまだ消えない悲しみの記録～ | 長崎県"
1947:
897:have been constructed in several
437:, which was higher in elevation.
2923:Volcanoes of Nagasaki Prefecture
2918:Mountains of Nagasaki Prefecture
1788:
1774:
553:lava and ash flows, changing to
467:
401:(1,142 m (3,747 ft)),
395:(1,333 m (4,373 ft)),
389:(1,347 m (4,419 ft)),
383:(1,359 m (4,459 ft)),
371:Surrounding the highest peak of
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2938:Special Places of Scenic Beauty
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2297:from the original on 2021-12-21
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1925:Johnston, Eric (1 March 2011).
682:triggered by the collapse of a
478:needs additional citations for
2719:– Japan Meteorological Agency
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2058:
2034:
2010:
1986:
1927:"Latest volcano show: Shinmoe"
1891:
1866:
1841:
772:Eruption and Pyroclastic flows
662:June 3, 1991 eruption disaster
572:was rapid during this period.
413:(943 m (3,094 ft)).
1:
2734:– Japan Meteorological Agency
2518:Sigurdsson, Haraldur (1999).
2421:. Houghton Mifflin. pp.
1834:
1490:Average snowfall cm (inches)
939:Mount Unzen was designated a
40:Mt. Unzen, showing extensive
2953:18th-century volcanic events
2948:20th-century volcanic events
2740:– Geological Survey of Japan
2605:. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
2251:– via www.youtube.com.
853:Eruptions after June 3, 1991
64:1,486 m (4,875 ft)
7:
2042:"Zencho(water)-3 (English)"
2018:"Zencho(water)-2 (English)"
1994:"Zencho(water)-1 (English)"
1767:
1560:Average precipitation days
1276:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1136:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
947:, in 1991 as part of their
529:Mount Unzen is part of the
459:Prehistoric to October 1990
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2587:Uto, Kozo; Nakada Setsuya
2413:Williams, Stanley (2001).
2238:1991年6月3日 雲仙普賢岳火砕流【まいにち防災】
2090:"Before Extrusion of Lava"
2066:"Funen_Katsudou (English)"
1814:List of volcanoes in Japan
1756:
1748:
1012:
1004:
873:Current status (post-1995)
722:became heavy as a result.
18:
2787:
2538:museum.sci.kyushu-u.ac.jp
2520:Encyclopedia of Volcanoes
2451:museum.sci.kyushu-u.ac.jp
2447:"Dome_Seicho_1 (English)"
2202:museum.sci.kyushu-u.ac.jp
2070:museum.sci.kyushu-u.ac.jp
2046:museum.sci.kyushu-u.ac.jp
2022:museum.sci.kyushu-u.ac.jp
1998:museum.sci.kyushu-u.ac.jp
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810:Facing the Killer Volcano
603:November 1990 to May 1991
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239:Relief map of Mount Unzen
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2898:Stratovolcanoes of Japan
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2290:雲仙火砕流災害 直前まで撮られていた定点での映像
1969:Global Volcanism Program
858:came to an end in 1995.
691:Katia and Maurice Krafft
2241:(Video) (in Japanese).
2133:Bulletin of Volcanology
1974:Smithsonian Institution
265:of several overlapping
2391:www.photovolcanica.com
2343:www.photovolcanica.com
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612:Spaceborne radar image
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307:Its highest peaks are
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92:32.76139°N 130.29861°E
2617:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
2534:"Overview (Japanese)"
2364:Os diabos dos Vulcões
966:
816:Effects and aftermath
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649:On May 15, the first
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610:
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238:
2903:Subduction volcanoes
2178:www.hayakawayukio.jp
1066:Record high °C (°F)
824:The collapse of the
805:Face au Volcan Tueur
487:improve this article
229:February to May 1996
180:Mount Unzen (Kyushu)
2893:Volcanoes of Kyushu
2174:"Untitled Document"
2145:1993BVol...55..166Y
1607:Average snowy days
1346:Record low °C (°F)
1206:Daily mean °C (°F)
701:Before the eruption
531:Shimabara Peninsula
271:Shimabara, Nagasaki
269:, near the city of
97:32.76139; 130.29861
88: /
2644:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
2153:10.1007/bf00301514
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183:Show map of Kyushu
54:Highest point
2943:Tsunamis in Japan
2928:Complex volcanoes
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2417:Surviving Galeras
1764:
1763:
1656:relative humidity
1013:Climate data for
953:densely populated
777:significantly as
678:in the crater. A
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273:on the island of
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150:Show map of Japan
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2913:Active volcanoes
2908:Decade Volcanoes
2781:Decade Volcanoes
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595:. This caused a
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2575:"Unzen Volcano"
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1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1008:
1006:
1003:
995:
992:
960:
957:
945:United Nations
941:Decade Volcano
937:
936:
932:
928:
925:
921:
918:
914:
910:
879:
876:
874:
871:
854:
851:
817:
814:
773:
770:
758:
757:
753:
749:
702:
699:
688:volcanologists
663:
660:
604:
601:
517:
516:
475:
473:
466:
460:
457:
455:
452:
440:Heisei-shinzan
434:Heisei-shinzan
422:Heisei-shinzan
374:Heisei-shinzan
346:
343:
325:Heisei-shinzan
302:volcanologists
263:volcanic group
231:
230:
227:
221:
220:
212:
206:
205:
204:Oldest 500 kyr
202:
196:
195:
191:
190:
179:
173:
172:
165:
164:
158:
157:
156:
155:
139:
133:
132:
125:
124:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
105:
104:
72:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
51:
50:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2970:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2738:Unzen Volcano
2736:
2728:
2724:
2721:(in Japanese)
2718:
2715:
2714:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2623:
2619:
2611:
2604:
2599:(519 KB)
2591:
2584:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2521:
2514:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2434:
2432:9780618031689
2428:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2409:
2407:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2270:(in Japanese)
2269:
2265:
2258:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2096:on 2006-06-20
2095:
2091:
2085:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2023:
2019:
2013:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1880:(in Japanese)
1879:
1875:
1869:
1855:on 2006-04-29
1854:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:Unzen Ropeway
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1772:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:Mean monthly
1700:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1418:precipitation
1414:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1002:
1000:
991:
987:
983:
981:
976:
974:
965:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
933:
929:
926:
922:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:
905:
903:
900:
896:
892:
887:
884:
870:
866:
863:
859:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
827:
822:
813:
811:
806:
799:
795:
792:
786:
782:
780:
765:
761:
754:
750:
746:
745:
744:
740:
736:
733:
732:Asahi Shimbun
728:
727:Asahi Shimbun
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
698:
696:
695:Harry Glicken
692:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
659:
656:
652:
647:
644:
640:
635:
631:
625:
620:
613:
609:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:
552:
546:
544:
539:
534:
532:
523:
513:
510:
502:
492:
488:
482:
481:
476:This section
474:
470:
465:
464:
451:
449:
444:
441:
435:
429:
423:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
387:
381:
375:
369:
366:
359:
353:
342:
341:(1989–2019).
340:
326:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:is an active
257:
245:
237:
228:
226:
225:Last eruption
222:
219:
218:stratovolcano
216:
213:
211:
210:Mountain type
207:
203:
201:
197:
192:
162:
146:
142:
122:
111:
106:
101:
73:
71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
2866:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:Bibliography
2654:February 16,
2652:. Retrieved
2637:
2627:February 16,
2625:. Retrieved
2610:
2583:
2569:
2552:
2541:. Retrieved
2537:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2502:. Retrieved
2498:Getty Images
2497:
2489:
2478:. Retrieved
2474:Getty Images
2473:
2465:
2454:. Retrieved
2450:
2441:
2416:
2394:. Retrieved
2390:
2368:, retrieved
2363:
2357:
2346:. Retrieved
2342:
2333:
2322:. Retrieved
2319:studylib.net
2318:
2309:
2299:, retrieved
2289:
2283:
2272:. Retrieved
2267:
2257:
2246:. Retrieved
2237:
2231:
2216:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:
2192:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:
2168:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2118:
2109:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:the original
2084:
2073:. Retrieved
2069:
2060:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:
2012:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:
1988:
1977:. Retrieved
1967:
1937:. Retrieved
1930:
1920:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:
1893:
1882:. Retrieved
1877:
1868:
1857:. Retrieved
1853:the original
1843:
1782:Japan portal
1420:mm (inches)
1014:
997:
988:
984:
977:
970:
938:
888:
885:
881:
867:
864:
860:
856:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
823:
819:
809:
808:(French for
800:
796:
790:
787:
783:
779:volcanic ash
775:
759:
741:
737:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
665:
648:
636:
632:
629:
582:
578:
574:
547:
535:
528:
505:
496:
485:Please help
480:verification
477:
445:
370:
348:
306:
284:triggered a
279:
243:
242:
2842:Santa María
1964:"Unzendake"
1935:. p. 3
1932:Japan Times
1829:Unzen Onsen
1015:Mount Unzen
651:debris flow
639:hypocentres
404:Kusenbedake
392:Myoken-dake
386:Kunimi-dake
286:megatsunami
244:Mount Unzen
200:Age of rock
174:Mount Unzen
134:Mount Unzen
95: /
83:130°17′55″E
70:Coordinates
29:Mount Unzen
2933:Lava domes
2887:Categories
2837:Sakurajima
2827:Nyiragongo
2792:Avachinsky
2746:– Geotimes
2543:2019-10-11
2504:2019-10-11
2480:2019-10-11
2456:2019-10-11
2396:2019-10-11
2370:2019-09-24
2348:2019-09-24
2324:2019-09-24
2301:2019-09-25
2274:2019-09-25
2262:ダン, モノホシ.
2248:2024-05-12
2207:2019-10-12
2183:2019-10-11
2139:(3): 166,
2113:S Connor,
2100:2016-09-01
2075:2019-10-11
2051:2019-10-11
2027:2019-10-11
2003:2019-10-11
1979:2021-06-24
1911:2024-07-06
1884:2019-09-25
1859:2006-04-10
1835:References
1757:Source 2:
1749:Source 1:
1562:(≥ 1.0 mm)
999:Arie River
935:abandoned.
913:Route 251.
593:Ariake Bay
448:hot spring
428:Fugen-dake
416:Fugen-dake
380:Fugen-dake
365:Fugen-dake
358:Unzen-dake
352:Unzen-dake
339:Heisei era
310:Fugen-dake
282:lava domes
256:Unzen-dake
80:32°45′41″N
2847:Santorini
2817:Mauna Loa
2812:Koryaksky
2717:Unzendake
2243:ANNnewsCH
2161:129148854
1878:西日本新聞ニュース
909:mountain.
826:lava dome
684:lava dome
676:landslide
655:inflation
589:landslide
551:andesitic
499:June 2013
108:Geography
60:Elevation
2872:Vesuvius
2295:archived
1768:See also
1744:1,436.6
1654:Average
1609:(≥ 1 cm)
1485:(116.6)
1465:(10.26)
1460:(12.38)
1455:(20.22)
1450:(22.65)
1445:(10.44)
1416:Average
980:borehole
668:evacuate
583:Unzen's
345:Overview
290:disaster
48:deposits
2832:Rainier
2807:Galeras
2563:YouTube
2225:YouTube
2141:Bibcode
1483:2,961.8
1480:(4.06)
1475:(4.86)
1470:(5.23)
1440:(9.97)
1435:(7.97)
1430:(5.09)
1425:(3.47)
1406:(13.6)
1401:(21.2)
1396:(32.5)
1391:(46.6)
1386:(55.2)
1381:(55.4)
1376:(45.7)
1371:(34.3)
1366:(21.2)
1361:(10.9)
1351:(10.0)
1341:(49.0)
1336:(34.2)
1331:(43.3)
1326:(52.7)
1321:(62.8)
1316:(68.9)
1311:(68.0)
1306:(61.0)
1301:(52.9)
1296:(45.0)
1291:(37.0)
1286:(31.8)
1281:(30.7)
1271:(55.4)
1266:(40.5)
1261:(50.0)
1256:(59.5)
1251:(68.7)
1246:(73.9)
1241:(72.5)
1236:(66.6)
1231:(60.6)
1226:(52.7)
1221:(44.2)
1216:(38.5)
1211:(36.5)
1201:(62.7)
1196:(47.5)
1191:(57.6)
1186:(67.6)
1181:(76.1)
1176:(81.0)
1171:(78.4)
1166:(72.9)
1161:(68.9)
1156:(61.0)
1151:(52.2)
1146:(45.9)
1141:(43.0)
1131:(91.8)
1126:(65.5)
1121:(72.5)
1116:(81.7)
1111:(88.3)
1106:(91.8)
1101:(91.0)
1096:(87.8)
1091:(84.9)
1086:(77.5)
1081:(70.2)
1076:(64.8)
1071:(63.1)
1005:Climate
973:conduit
943:by the
931:summit.
902:valleys
597:tsunami
555:dacitic
543:dacitic
294:volcano
215:Complex
194:Geology
147:, Japan
2862:Ulawun
2822:Merapi
2797:Colima
2597:
2429:
2159:
1738:108.8
1735:140.6
1732:123.6
1729:132.3
1726:105.8
1720:159.6
1717:149.7
1714:133.6
1711:101.9
1602:126.9
1555:(9.8)
1550:(1.2)
1505:(0.8)
1500:(3.1)
1495:(4.7)
1411:(9.0)
1356:(9.0)
1022:Month
994:Rivers
955:area.
917:there.
891:lahars
624:lahars
570:graben
558:pumice
538:graben
410:Yadake
398:Nodake
292:. The
275:Kyushu
145:Kyushu
2867:Unzen
2857:Teide
2730:(PDF)
2593:(PDF)
2221:Video
2157:S2CID
1939:5 May
1902:(PDF)
1741:96.4
1723:94.2
1708:88.4
1590:10.3
1587:11.0
1584:13.2
1581:15.5
1578:10.9
1575:10.8
1572:11.8
1478:103.1
1473:123.5
1468:132.8
1463:260.7
1458:314.4
1453:513.6
1448:575.4
1443:265.1
1438:253.3
1433:202.5
1428:129.2
1409:−12.8
1404:−10.2
1359:−11.7
1354:−12.8
1349:−12.2
1061:Year
899:river
895:Dikes
672:magma
591:into
46:lahar
2852:Taal
2802:Etna
2656:2022
2629:2022
2427:ISBN
1941:2014
1658:(%)
1649:7.1
1646:0.6
1619:0.9
1616:2.6
1613:3.0
1599:8.9
1596:9.2
1593:7.4
1569:9.5
1566:8.4
1545:(0)
1540:(0)
1535:(0)
1530:(0)
1525:(0)
1520:(0)
1515:(0)
1510:(0)
1423:88.2
1399:−6.0
1384:12.9
1379:13.0
1364:−6.0
1324:11.5
1319:17.1
1314:20.5
1309:20.0
1304:16.1
1299:11.6
1284:−0.1
1279:−0.7
1269:13.0
1259:10.0
1254:15.3
1249:20.4
1244:23.3
1239:22.5
1234:19.2
1229:15.9
1224:11.5
1199:17.0
1189:14.2
1184:19.8
1179:24.5
1174:27.2
1169:25.8
1164:22.7
1159:20.5
1154:16.1
1149:11.2
1129:33.2
1124:18.6
1119:22.5
1114:27.6
1109:31.3
1104:33.2
1099:32.8
1094:31.0
1089:29.4
1084:25.3
1079:21.2
1074:18.2
1069:17.3
1058:Dec
1055:Nov
1052:Oct
1049:Sep
1046:Aug
1043:Jul
1040:Jun
1037:May
1034:Apr
1031:Mar
1028:Feb
1025:Jan
693:and
419:and
332:平成新山
44:and
2649:JMA
2622:JMA
2561:on
2423:125
2223:on
2149:doi
1759:JMA
1751:JMA
1697:80
1694:78
1691:80
1688:79
1685:83
1682:86
1679:90
1676:86
1673:76
1670:74
1667:75
1664:76
1661:78
1394:0.3
1389:8.1
1374:7.6
1369:1.3
1339:9.5
1334:1.2
1329:6.3
1294:7.2
1289:2.8
1264:4.7
1219:6.8
1214:3.6
1209:2.5
1194:8.6
1144:7.7
1139:6.1
489:by
317:普賢岳
250:雲仙岳
2889::
2647:.
2620:.
2601:.
2536:.
2449:.
2425:.
2405:^
2389:.
2378:^
2341:.
2317:.
2293:,
2266:.
2200:.
2176:.
2155:,
2147:,
2137:55
2135:,
2117:,
2068:.
2044:.
2020:.
1996:.
1972:.
1966:.
1949:^
1929:.
1904:.
1876:.
1643:0
1640:0
1637:0
1634:0
1631:0
1628:0
1625:0
1622:0
1553:25
1493:12
893:.
697:.
368:.
304:.
253:,
143:,
2773:e
2766:t
2759:v
2732:.
2658:.
2631:.
2595:.
2577:.
2546:.
2507:.
2483:.
2459:.
2435:.
2399:.
2351:.
2327:.
2277:.
2210:.
2186:.
2151::
2143::
2103:.
2078:.
2054:.
2030:.
2006:.
1982:.
1943:.
1914:.
1887:.
1862:.
1548:3
1543:0
1538:0
1533:0
1528:0
1523:0
1518:0
1513:0
1508:0
1503:2
1498:8
512:)
506:(
501:)
497:(
483:.
335:)
329:(
320:)
314:(
259:)
247:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
