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278:(IUGS) included 'The 1905-1911 Matavanu volcanic eruption' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'
240:. While Jensen reported the volcano was dying down, another explosive eruption began on 5 October 1906, and lava began to flow eastwards. In June 1908 lava was reportedly flowing in a stream 8 miles wide, but by July 1908 it had quietened again. In 1910 it was described as "the most active volcano in the world".
235:
were destroyed, and the destruction of crops from volcanic fumes was causing famine. In
September 1906 geologist H. J. Jensen reported that lave flows had covered 35 square miles, and that what was once a low valley a hundred feet deep had been replaced by a bulging mass of dried lava 1500 feet high.
226:
observed flames shooting 400 feet into the sky at intervals of ten seconds along with lava flowing through the bush. An expedition to examine the crater found "a larger heap of stones about 300ft high, from the top of which, at intervals of about 10 seconds, masses of stone were being thrown up into
230:
The early phase of the eruption was mostly explosive, but in
September large amounts of lava had begun to flow from the crater. In mid-September, the cone was estimated at 600 feet high, and lava covered 20 to 25 square miles to a depth of 300 to 400 feet. In December the village of Toapaipai was
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destroyed by a lava flow, By March 1906 lava had reached the sea, and was flowing parallel to the coast along the top of the reef. The villages of Salago and
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In respect of it being 'one of the best examples in the SW Pacific of an oceanic hot spot and its early 20th century eruption', the
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473:"Eruption Styles of Samoan Volcanoes Represented in Tattooing, Language and Cultural Activities of the Indigenous People"
188:. The volcano was formed during an eruption in 1905. Lava flows from the eruption covered a large area of land in the
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Matavanu lava flowing into the ocean along the coast and sending plumes of smoke skywards, 1905
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The eruption began on 4 August 1905, with a new crater being formed nine miles to the east of
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Activity finally began to die down in early 1911, and had ceased by
October 1911.
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the air". A lava-flow 100 feet high had flowed 2.5 miles towards the sea.
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Fepuleai, Aleni; Weber, Eberhard; Nemeth, Karoly; Muliaina, Tolu (2016).
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due to the eruption. The people of Sale'aula were relocated to
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222:, which had erupted in 1902. An expedition led by governor
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district, leading to the relocation of several villages.
318:(left island) with lava fields visible (top left) in
303:- published 1910, shewing the lava fields since 1905
413:"Matavanu: a New Volcano in Savaii (German Samoa)"
887:
269:
236:The cone was now 330 feet high, and contained a
206:In November 2022 Matavanu was recognised by the
861:"The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites"
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519:
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210:as an international Geological Heritage Site.
195:The name of the mountain refers to a valley (
868:IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage
815:. Vol. 7, no. 40. pp. 274–278
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407:
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823:– via National Library of Australia.
276:International Union of Geological Sciences
208:International Union of Geological Sciences
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916:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites
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657:. Wairarapa Age. 8 March 1906. p. 4
399:. Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2014-04-28.
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809:"The Most Active Volcano in the World"
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510:
180:is an active volcano on the island of
788:. Dominion. 6 August 1908. p. 8
522:"Mt Matavanu becomes heritage site"
520:Shalveen Chand (12 November 2022).
246:Several villages were relocated to
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835:"SAMOA'S VOLCANIC OUTBURSTS CEASE"
708:"VOLCANIC ACTIVITY IN THE ISLANDS"
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426:(2142): 92–93. 17 November 1910.
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807:J. E. Newell (1 August 1910).
766:. 12 September 1908. p. 2
714:. 29 September 1906. p. 2
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609:. 25 September 1905. p. 4
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583:. 14 September 1905. p. 6
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362:A church damaged by lava, 1905
199:) with an eye-shaped feature (
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740:. 24 November 1906. p. 7
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270:IUGS geological heritage site
760:"Island Ruined by a Volcano"
635:. 23 January 1906. p. 6
374:Lava fields on Savaiʻi, 2009
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557:. 29 August 1905. p. 5
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49:575 m (1,886 ft)
841:. 6 April 1912. p. 3
489:10.1007/s12371-016-0204-1
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16:Volcano in Savaiʻi, Samoa
849:– via Papers Past.
796:– via Papers Past.
748:– via Papers Past.
722:– via Papers Past.
680:"German Samoa 1900-1914"
665:– via Papers Past.
643:– via Papers Past.
617:– via Papers Past.
591:– via Papers Past.
565:– via Papers Past.
577:"THE VOLCANO AT SAVAII"
33:Matavanu erupting, 1906
603:"THE SAVAII ERUPTION"
299:Topographical map of
629:"SAVAII IN ERUPTION"
397:"Mt Matavanu, Samoa"
214:1905 – 1911 eruption
551:"VOLCANIC ERUPTION"
432:1910Natur..85...92.
73: /
901:Volcanoes of Samoa
896:Mountains of Samoa
738:Poverty Bay Herald
607:Poverty Bay Herald
581:New Zealand Herald
555:New Zealand Herald
77:13.533°S 172.400°W
39:Highest point
786:"SAMOA'S VOLCANO"
712:Christchurch Star
655:"TOPICAL READING"
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137:Location in Samoa
82:-13.533; -172.400
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633:Evening Star
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326:photo, 2008)
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906:Gaga'emauga
874:13 November
839:Oamaru Mail
764:Oamaru Mail
528:12 November
477:Geoheritage
320:Gagaʻemauga
260:Samalaeʻulu
190:Gagaʻemauga
171:1905 - 1911
80: /
55:Coordinates
890:Categories
384:References
322:district (
153:Island in
497:164339457
264:Le'auva'a
238:lava lake
233:Sale'aula
106:Geography
45:Elevation
252:Salamumu
147:Location
131:Matavanu
68:172°24′W
22:Matavanu
911:Savai'i
845:29 July
819:30 July
792:29 July
770:29 July
744:29 July
718:29 July
689:29 July
661:29 July
639:29 July
613:29 July
587:29 July
561:29 July
502:30 July
453:29 July
448:3986507
428:Bibcode
316:Savaiʻi
301:Savaiʻi
282:Gallery
182:Savaiʻi
161:Geology
151:Savai'i
65:13°32′S
870:. IUGS
495:
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420:Nature
101:Samoan
93:Naming
864:(PDF)
683:(PDF)
493:S2CID
444:S2CID
416:(PDF)
256:Mauga
248:Upolu
186:Samoa
155:Samoa
876:2022
847:2021
821:2021
794:2021
772:2021
746:2021
720:2021
691:2021
663:2021
641:2021
615:2021
589:2021
563:2021
530:2022
504:2021
455:2021
324:NASA
258:and
201:mata
197:vanu
485:doi
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184:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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