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Mound Bottom, the principal large flat-topped mound and up to 13 additional smaller mounds were arranged around a central plaza. The principal mound at Mound Bottom originally stood at least 36 feet tall and measured about 246 feet along each side of its base, and is oriented approximately 11 degrees east of north. The mound summit was originally accessed via a ramp or staircase located at the midpoint of the eastern face. According to early historical reports the Mound Bottom complex was surrounded by an earthen wall topped with a
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326:, and has since been refined using ceramic typologies A recent reassessment of the Middle Cumberland Mississippian by Moore and Smith resulted in a revised chronology and new understanding of Mound Bottom's placement in the regional cultural sequence. Both Mound Bottom and Pack appear to have been initially established early in the Mississippian period (ca. A.D. 1000) by individuals from outside the region. Based on artifact types and skeletal examinations, it appears these founders may have come from the
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385:, also working with the Smithsonian, carried out the first modern investigation of the Mound Bottom site. Myer uncovered evidence of a structure and hearth atop one of the mounds at the Pack site and evidence of 10 ancient houses at Mound Bottom. Tennessee state archaeologist P.E. Cox followed up on Myer's finds in 1926, uncovering a number of stone box
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By A.D. 1350, Mound Bottom and Pack appear to have been abandoned as a major centers, and while mound building and repair ceased, both sites continued to be used as burial locations. This change corresponds to a period of apparent political destabilization in the region, as the centralized authority
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of Mound Bottom and other large early sites gave way to fortified, autonomous village centers. This is followed in turn by a gradual abandonment of the region toward the end of the fourteenth century. According to Moore and Smith (2009, page 210), by A.D. 1475, Mississippian settlement of the region
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Together the Mound Bottom site and Pack Site contain up to 34 earthen mounds, including between 11 and 14 at Mound Bottom and 20 at Pack. Some of these are flat-topped platform mounds that supported structures including ceremonial buildings or elite residences, while others were burial mounds. At
417:, a "linear park" connecting several archaeological, historical, and natural areas along the lower Harpeth. The site is closed to the public, although guided tours are available by request. In 2008 an adjacent 65-acre parcel including additional site area was purchased with the assistance of
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at the river's confluence with Mound Creek, which approaches the riverbank opposite the site from the east. The Mound Bottom bend is one in a series of sharp bends found along the lower
Harpeth as the river twists and turns through a steep gorge en route to its confluence with the
271:. Site access is prohibited without accompaniment by park rangers or the Tennessee Division of Archaeology. The Pack Site is located on private property approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southwest of Mound Bottom, just south of US-70, and is not open for visitation.
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and baked clay floors. Parmenio Edward Cox, Tennessee's first State
Archaeologist, conducted a month of fieldwork at Mound Bottom in 1926. Cox excavated at least 70 graves and tested nine mounds No report on those excavations was published. In 1936, 1937, and 1940 the
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dispatched Carl
Kuttruff and Michael O'Brien to conduct excavations at Mound Bottom in 1974 and 1975. Kuttruff and O'Brien tested six mounds and 19 houses. The results of those excavations were published in 2012 in the journal
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Early
Tennessee historian John Haywood noted Mound Bottom's importance as an aboriginal site in 1823, and early settlers reported seeing large fortifications and towers at the site. In the late 1860s, Joseph Jones of the
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of upright logs. However, any sign of the palisade had been plowed away by the early 1920s. In addition to the earthen, mounds, the site also included hundreds of houses, cemeteries, and agricultural fields.
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Mound Bottom and the adjacent pictograph at May's Mace Bluff were the inspiration for the 2014 Tennessee
Archaeology Awareness Month poster, created by the Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology.
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334:. As a result of this connection, the Middle Cumberland Culture in Tennessee was part of the larger Mississippian Ideological Interaction Sphere (previously known as the Southern Cult and
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Michael C. Moore, Emanuel
Breitburg, Kevin E. Smith, and Mary Beth Trubitt. One Hundred Years of Archaeology at Gordontown: A Fortified Mississippian Town in Middle Tennessee.
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several miles to the north. The
Harpeth surrounds Mound Bottom on the north, south, and east, while the entry to the bend from the west is marked by rocky uplands.
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Today archaeologists understand that Mound Bottom, Pack, and other late prehistoric mound sites in the area surrounding
Nashville were constructed by a regional
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Michael C. Moore, David H. Dye, and Kevin E. Smith, "WPA Excavations at the Mound Bottom and Pack Sites in Middle
Tennessee, 1936-1940." In
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Michael J. O’Brien and Carl
Kuttruff, "Excavations at Mound Bottom, A Palisaded Mississippian Center in Cheatham County, Tennessee,"
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609:, edited by George E. Lankford, F. Kent Reilly III, and James F. Garber, pp. 3-17. 2011, University of Texas Press, Austin.
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The Mound Bottom site is likely associated with another mound complex located just over a mile to the south known as the
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investigated several prehistoric sites in Tennessee, and reported "extraordinary aboriginal works" at Mound Bottom.
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In 1972, the State of Tennessee purchased the Mound Bottom site to preserve it as a state archaeological area. The
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This regional culture was first defined in the 1970s based on distinctive mortuary offerings and the presence of
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570:. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Archaeology, Research Series 16. 2009.
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An Example of Intentional Late Prehistoric Dental Mutilation from Middle Tennessee by William O. Autry
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30 Days of Tennessee Archaeology, Day 14: The 2014 Tennessee Archaeology Awareness Month Poster!
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New Deal Archaeology in Tennessee: Intellectual, Methodological, and Theoretical Contributions
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Visualizing the Sacred: Cosmic Visions, Regionalism, and the Art of the Mississippian World
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Mound Bottom is today located approximately 1-mile (1.6 km) north of the point where
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conducted excavations at both Mound Bottom and the Pack Site under the auspices of the
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View of the central plaza and platform mound at Mound Bottom, from May's Mace Bluff
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An Example of Intentional Late Prehistoric Dental Mutilation from Middle Tennessee
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Archaeological Expeditions of the Peabody Museum in Middle Tennessee, 1877-1884
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Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
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635:." Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology, posted 14 September 2014.
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502:." Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology, posted 13 September 2014.
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has been referenced in older and non-scholarly sources as being either the
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Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 22(259):1–171. Washington DC, 1876
466:, edited by David H. Dye, pp. 116-137. University of Alabama Press, 2016.
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596:." McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture, posted 1 August 1991.
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National Register of Historic Places in Cheatham County, Tennessee
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George E. Lankford, "Regional Approaches to Iconographic Art." In
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30 Days of Tennessee Archaeology, Day 13: A Visit to Mound Bottom
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Wiliam Edward Myer, "Archaeological Field Work in Tennessee,"
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651:— Includes images, video, and PDFs of research articles
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vol. 8, no. 5 (31 January 1998). Retrieved: 7 December 2007.
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Mound Bottom: Archaeological Treasures in Cheatham County
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1923 map of Mound bottom prepared by Crawford C. Anderson
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235:, these sites are believed to have been contemporaneous.
531:." Tennessee Archaeology Net. Originally published in
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drop well below the level of archaeological visibility.
338:), which connected late prehistoric cultures from the
548:, 76-1. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. 1924
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Explorations of the Aboriginal Remains of Tennessee.
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Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
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Mound Bottom is situated on a horseshoe bend of the
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484:The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
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259:crosses the Harpeth River, on the outskirts of
3497:Protected areas of Cheatham County, Tennessee
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37:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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419:Tennessee Parks and Greenways Foundation
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649:Mound bottom State Archaeological Area
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275:Archaeological history of Mound Bottom
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566:Michael C. Moore and Kevin E. Smith,
546:Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
413:In 2005, Mound Bottom became part of
486:, 2002. Retrieved: 7 December 2007.
98:
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3400:Norse colonization of North America
657:— official site, includes map
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704:Mississippian and related cultures
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403:Tennessee Division of Archaeology
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369:THC marker along Cedar Hill Road
361:Mound Bottom in recorded history
330:, and possibly from the site of
320:Middle Cumberland Mississippian.
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3420:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2338:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
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336:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
720:Timeline of Mississippi valley
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1920:Grand Village of the Illinois
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396:Works Progress Administration
263:. The site is managed by the
106:Show map of the United States
3492:Middle Mississippian culture
3385:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
3335:Eastern Agricultural Complex
1697:Grand Village of the Natchez
18:United States historic place
7:
2769:Bandelier National Monument
2643:List of Mississippian sites
2430:Pre-Columbian North America
715:List of Mississippian sites
435:List of Mississippian sites
428:
10:
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3189:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
2794:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
2503:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
202:Cheatham County, Tennessee
120:Cheatham County, Tennessee
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3430:Three Sisters agriculture
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516:Southeastern Archaeology,
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171:NRHP reference
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147:36.1398194°N 87.1013694°W
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47:
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34:
27:
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2969:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
2528:Buttermilk Creek complex
1632:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
655:Harpeth River State Park
581:Southeastern Archaeology
415:Harpeth River State Park
408:Southeastern Archaeology
269:Harpeth River State Park
3169:Town Creek Indian Mound
3139:Sierra de San Francisco
2994:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
2262:Ballgame (Southeastern)
2158:Long-nosed god maskette
2038:SunWatch Indian Village
1985:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs
1846:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
392:University of Tennessee
376:Smithsonian Institution
152:36.1398194; -87.1013694
2824:Coso Rock Art District
2711:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
2614:List of Hopewell sites
2013:Alligator Effigy Mound
1627:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
1579:Leon-Jefferson culture
975:Caborn-Welborn culture
370:
284:
3232:Arlington Springs Man
3074:Portsmouth Earthworks
742:and Upper Mississippi
368:
348:Appalachian Mountains
316:Mississippian culture
296:The late prehistoric
282:
81:Show map of Tennessee
3440:Transoceanic contact
3330:Container Revolution
2904:Gila Cliff Dwellings
2869:Etowah Indian Mounds
2301:Earth/fertility cult
2005:Fort Ancient culture
889:Dogtooth Bend Mounds
875:Lower Ohio River and
861:Steed-Kisker culture
239:Geographical setting
229:Great Mound Division
218:Mississippian period
3360:Green Corn Ceremony
3174:Turkey River Mounds
2964:Lake Jackson Mounds
2784:Blue Spring Shelter
2306:Green Corn Ceremony
1866:Upper Mississippian
1816:Blue Spring Shelter
1536:Fort Walton culture
990:Hovey Lake District
592:William O. Autry, "
583:25(1):89–109. 2006.
518:(2012) 31:pp. 70-86
498:Aaron Deter-Wolf, "
212:, a 7-acre central
143: /
3445:Underwater panther
3119:Rosenstock Village
2989:Marmes Rockshelter
2974:L'Anse aux Meadows
2388:de Soto Expedition
2353:Underwater panther
2199:Central Algonquian
1910:Fisher Mound Group
1554:Apalachee Province
1521:Waddells Mill Pond
371:
312:Stone Graves Race.
285:
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3471:Pre-Columbian era
3272:Spirit Cave mummy
3069:Plum Bayou Mounds
2979:Lynch Quarry Site
2498:Ancient Beringian
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1662:Atchafalaya Basin
1604:Pensacola culture
1569:Fort Walton Mound
1461:Punk Rock Shelter
1421:Mouse Creek phase
1244:South Appalachian
1238:
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1117:Central and Lower
1058:Castalian Springs
1048:Brentwood Library
948:Middle Ohio River
801:Emerald Acropolis
631:Tanya M. Peres, "
527:Kevin Markuson, "
324:stone box burials
196:is a prehistoric
191:
190:
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3415:Projectile point
3252:Leanderthal Lady
3179:Upward Sun River
3154:Stallings Island
3144:Shell ring sites
3094:Recapture Canyon
3009:Moorehead Circle
2854:El Fin del Mundo
2839:Cueva de la Olla
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2632:Maritime Archaic
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2163:Mill Creek chert
2153:Duck River cache
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1637:Pensacola people
1431:Muscogee (Creek)
1271:Bell Field Mound
985:Hovey Lake-Klein
939:Wickliffe Mounds
914:Rowlandton Mound
831:Lunsford-Pulcher
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3308:Ceremonial pipe
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3262:Minnesota Woman
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3034:Ocmulgee Mounds
3014:Morrison Mounds
2959:Kolomoki Mounds
2949:Kimball Village
2809:Candelaria Cave
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2726:Suwannee Valley
2661:Old Cordilleran
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2378:Clarksdale bell
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2343:Stone box grave
2284:Ceremonial pipe
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2209:Mobilian Jargon
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1999:
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1476:Rucker's Bottom
1266:Beaverdam Creek
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1073:Hiwassee Island
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1024:
1015:Welborn Village
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904:Millstone Bluff
877:Confluence area
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866:Sugarloaf Mound
806:Emmons Cemetery
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739:American Bottom
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328:American Bottom
302:Nashville Basin
300:culture of the
298:Native American
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198:Native American
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3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3390:Mound Builders
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Medicine wheel
3372:
3367:
3365:Horned Serpent
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:Roberts Island
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:Old Stone Fort
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Moaning Cavern
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2954:Kincaid Mounds
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Cuarenta Casas
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Bluefish Caves
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2750:Archaeological
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Caloosahatchee
2545:
2540:
2535:
2533:Caborn-Welborn
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2479:Archaeological
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2383:Mound Builders
2380:
2375:
2370:
2369:Related topics
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2331:Village bundle
2323:
2318:
2316:Platform mound
2313:
2311:Horned Serpent
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
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2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2178:Stone statuary
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2028:Leo Petroglyph
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Moccasin Bluff
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1915:Gentleman Farm
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Carcajou Point
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1831:Caddoan Mounds
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
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1659:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Dauphin Island
1614:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
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1473:
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1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:Bussell Island
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1189:
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1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:Beasley Mounds
1040:
1034:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
894:Kincaid Mounds
891:
886:
880:
878:
872:
871:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
811:Horseshoe Lake
808:
803:
798:
796:Dickson Mounds
793:
788:
787:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
756:
751:
745:
743:
732:
726:
725:
723:
722:
717:
711:
708:
707:
693:
692:
685:
678:
670:
664:
663:
658:
652:
644:
643:External links
641:
638:
637:
624:
618:Joseph Jones,
611:
598:
585:
572:
550:
537:
520:
504:
488:
478:Kevin Smith, "
468:
445:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
430:
427:
362:
359:
307:Mound Builders
276:
273:
240:
237:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
175:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
127:
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96:
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71:
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64:
63:
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60:
57:
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44:
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35:
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31:
28:
25:
24:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3519:
3508:
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3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Falcon dancer
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:Miscellaneous
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Melbourne Man
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:La Brea Woman
3245:
3243:
3242:Kennewick Man
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Serpent Mound
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Pueblo Bonito
3082:
3080:
3079:Poverty Point
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Pinson Mounds
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Painted Bluff
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:Horr's Island
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Effigy Mounds
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:Crystal River
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2741:Weeden Island
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Safety Harbor
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Poverty Point
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Paleo-Indians
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:Mississippian
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
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2483:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2326:Sacred bundle
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2146:Wulfing cache
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:Copper plates
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Three Sisters
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Little barley
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Serpent Mound
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1995:Summer Island
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
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1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1798:Mississippian
1793:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
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1725:
1723:
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1698:
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1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1649:Mississippian
1644:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Corbin–Tucker
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:Roods Landing
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:Moccasin Bend
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:Hoojah Branch
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1248:Mississippian
1245:
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1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
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1214:
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1209:
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1199:
1196:
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1177:
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1171:Menard-Hodges
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1108:Swallow Bluff
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1029:Tennessee and
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899:Marshall Site
897:
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731:Mississippian
727:
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257:U.S. Route 70
253:
251:
246:
245:Harpeth River
236:
234:
230:
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211:
210:burial mounds
207:
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199:
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186:
184:Added to NRHP
182:
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128:
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93:
68:
58:
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26:
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16:
3450:Water glyphs
3405:Oasisamerica
3395:N.A.G.P.R.A.
3355:Folsom point
3345:Effigy mound
3325:Clovis point
3293:Aridoamerica
3194:Wickiup Hill
3149:Spiro Mounds
3129:Salmon Ruins
3124:Russell Cave
2919:Helen Blazes
2914:Grimes Point
2894:Fort Juelson
2884:Fort Ancient
2859:El Vallecito
2819:Chaco Canyon
2759:Angel Mounds
2721:Steed-Kisker
2671:Paleo-Arctic
2593:Glacial Kame
2578:Fort Ancient
2470:Post-Classic
2441:
2373:Chevron bead
2279:Burial mound
2173:Shell gorget
2141:Spiro plates
2136:Rogan plates
1955:Knoll Spring
1930:Hartley Fort
1890:Beattie Park
1774:Transylvania
1612:Bottle Creek
1574:Lake Jackson
1456:Pisgah phase
1386:Little Egypt
1336:Garden Creek
1321:Dallas phase
1208:Tipton phase
1186:Nodena phase
1083:Mound Bottom
1082:
1068:Fewkes Group
1053:Brick Church
955:Angel Mounds
821:Kuhn Station
816:John Chapman
627:
619:
614:
606:
601:
588:
580:
575:
567:
545:
540:
533:The Advocate
532:
523:
515:
483:
480:Mound Bottom
463:
423:
412:
407:
400:
380:
372:
355:
352:
319:
311:
305:
295:
286:
254:
242:
233:chronologies
222:
194:Mound Bottom
193:
192:
135:36°8′23.35″N
29:Mound Bottom
15:
3435:Thunderbird
3303:Black drink
3267:Peñon woman
3204:Winterville
3184:Velda Mound
3164:Taos Pueblo
3059:Parkin Park
3044:Orwell site
3029:Nodena site
2924:Holly Bluff
2899:Four Mounds
2889:Fort Center
2814:Casa Grande
2764:Anzick site
2656:Monongahela
2583:Fort Walton
2558:Coles Creek
2523:Belle Glade
2508:Anishinaabe
2348:Thunderbird
2274:Black drink
2126:Emmons mask
2070:Chenopodium
2058:Agriculture
1980:Plum Island
1935:Hotel Plaza
1784:Winterville
1764:Scott Place
1702:Holly Bluff
1622:Fort Walton
1376:Lamar phase
1230:Walls phase
1126:Belle Meade
1119:Mississippi
1063:Dunbar Cave
965:Annis Mound
960:Angel phase
934:Ware Mounds
929:Twin Mounds
779:Ramey state
764:Monks Mound
340:Great Lakes
267:as part of
200:complex in
166:950-1300 CE
150: /
138:87°6′4.93″W
126:Coordinates
3486:Categories
3380:Metallurgy
3340:Eden point
3237:Buhl Woman
3109:Rock Eagle
3099:River Styx
3024:Mummy Cave
3019:Moundville
2999:Mesa Verde
2984:Marksville
2731:Tchefuncte
2691:Plaquemine
2627:Las Palmas
2543:Calf Creek
2538:Cades Pond
2085:Marshelder
1970:Oak Forest
1940:Hoxie Farm
1754:Pocahontas
1647:Plaquemine
1584:Letchworth
1516:Town Creek
1451:Park Mound
1416:Moundville
1401:Mandeville
1391:Long Swamp
1351:Jere Shine
1203:Quigualtam
1151:Chucalissa
1038:Backusburg
1031:Cumberland
1020:Yankeetown
1005:Slack Farm
980:Ellerbusch
884:Adams site
791:Cloverdale
441:References
346:, and the
344:Gulf Coast
3425:Stickball
3114:Rock Hawk
2944:Key Marco
2736:Troyville
2716:St. Johns
2701:Red Ocher
2460:Formative
2214:Muskogean
2187:Languages
2100:Sunflower
1960:Mero site
1895:Blood Run
1549:Apalachee
1496:Summerour
1436:Nacoochee
1193:Owl Creek
1088:Riverview
1078:Link Farm
970:Bone Bank
924:Turk Site
919:Towosahgy
784:Woodhenge
381:In 1923,
318:known as
225:Pack Site
3313:Chanunpa
3298:Ballgame
3277:Vero man
3227:Anzick-1
3199:Windover
3159:SunWatch
3089:Rassawek
2909:Glenwood
2799:Brewster
2651:Mogollon
2622:La Jolla
2608:Hopewell
2568:Deptford
2481:cultures
2321:Red Horn
2289:Chanunpa
2267:Northern
2255:Religion
2236:Timucuan
2204:Cherokee
1990:Schwerdt
1950:Juntunen
1925:Griesmer
1868:cultures
1821:Bluffton
1707:Jaketown
1672:Fitzhugh
1526:Wilbanks
1506:Tomotley
1481:Savannah
1446:Ocmulgee
1426:Mulberry
1361:Joe Bell
1281:Biltmore
1276:Bessemer
1141:Campbell
1103:Old Town
909:Orr-Herl
846:Orendorf
841:Mitchell
774:Mound 72
769:Mound 34
754:Big Eddy
429:See also
290:palisade
206:platform
178:71000813
116:Location
3462:Related
3320:Chunkey
3220:remains
3209:Wupatki
3049:Paquime
2939:Huápoca
2804:Cahokia
2774:Bastian
2681:Patayan
2603:Hohokam
2588:Fremont
2563:Comondú
2518:Baytown
2513:Avonlea
2493:Alachua
2465:Classic
2455:Archaic
2443:Periods
2296:Chunkey
2241:Tunican
2219:Natchez
2194:Caddoan
2168:Pottery
2119:Artwork
2110:Tobacco
2090:Pumpkin
2051:Culture
1905:Fifield
1836:Gahagan
1811:Belcher
1796:Caddoan
1779:Venable
1742:Natchez
1727:Mazique
1682:Fosters
1677:Flowery
1667:Emerald
1544:Anhaica
1501:Taskigi
1466:Rembert
1441:Nikwasi
1406:McMahan
1381:Liddell
1256:Adamson
1166:Janet's
1156:Denmark
1131:Boone's
1093:Sellars
1000:Prather
759:Cahokia
749:Aztalan
387:burials
332:Cahokia
310:or the
2879:Folsom
2844:Cutler
2779:Benson
2666:Oneota
2598:Glades
2573:Folsom
2553:Clovis
2450:Lithic
2231:Siouan
2224:Taensa
2095:Squash
2018:Clover
1877:Oneota
1851:Keller
1841:Hughes
1806:Battle
1747:Taensa
1732:Medora
1722:Mangum
1717:Julice
1712:Jordan
1559:Cayson
1491:Sixtoe
1486:Shiloh
1396:Mabila
1331:Etowah
1311:Citico
1301:Chiaha
1296:Chauga
1213:Tunica
1198:Parkin
1181:Nodena
1176:Murphy
1146:Carson
995:Murphy
851:Sleeth
836:McCune
826:Larson
729:Middle
3410:Piasa
3218:Human
2849:Eaker
2752:sites
2686:Plano
2488:Adena
2246:Yuchi
2080:Maize
2065:Beans
2023:Dodge
1975:Palos
1945:Huber
1885:Anker
1856:Spiro
1826:Caddo
1759:Routh
1692:Glass
1687:Ghost
1589:Velda
1511:Toqua
1371:Lamar
1356:Joara
1346:Irene
1316:Coosa
1306:Chota
1286:Blair
1261:Avery
1223:Yazoo
1218:Koroa
1161:Eaker
1098:Obion
856:Starr
227:, or
214:plaza
163:Built
3370:Kiva
1769:Sims
1737:Mott
1657:Anna
1366:King
1326:Dyar
1136:Boyd
1010:Tolu
482:."
208:and
187:1971
2874:Eva
1594:Yon
173:No.
3488::
553:^
507:^
491:^
471:^
449:^
421:.
410:.
350:.
342:,
220:.
2422:e
2415:t
2408:v
689:e
682:t
675:v
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