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1349:, a group set up in 1977, the Mothers have identified 256 missing children who were adopted soon after being born to mothers in prison or camps who later "disappeared". Seven of the identified children have died. At the beginning of 2018, 137 of those children, now grown adults, were found and were offered to meet their biological families. Some Mothers and Grandmothers suffered disappointments when the grandchildren, now adults, did not want to know their hidden history, or refused to be tested. Parents who were judged in court to be guilty of adopting – or "appropriating" – the children of the disappeared, while knowing the truth about their origins, were susceptible to imprisonment.
56:
1502:(the firm's attorney) were alleged to have embezzled funds. The Schoklender brothers had been convicted in 1981 for the murder of their parents and served 15 years in prison. After gaining Bonafini's confidence, they were managing the project's finances with little oversight from the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo or the program's licensor, the Secretary of Public Works. Their friendship with the association ended in June 2011 after Bonafini learned of irregularities in their handling of the group's finances. Following an investigation ordered by Federal Judge
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searching for their children, they each began to notice other mothers who were also searching for their children. The women began to realize that these disappearances were systematic, organized, and planned. Most of the women came from traditional working-class backgrounds and had limited knowledge of political processes. These women banded together to confront the regime as a unified front of mothers seeking answers about their missing children.
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734:, located 30 miles (48 km) outside Buenos Aires. In order to stand out among the crowds, the mothers decided to wear their children's nappies (diapers) as headscarves. Following the pilgrimage, the mothers decided to continue wearing these headscarves during their meetings and weekly demonstrations at the Plaza. On them, they embroidered the names of their children and wrote their main demand: “Aparición con Vida” (Alive reappearance).
963:. These mothers came together to push for information on their own children and this highlighted the human rights violations and the scale of the protest drew press attention, raising awareness on a local and global scale. Their persistence to publicly remember and try to find their children, the sustained group organisation, the use of symbols and slogans, and the silent weekly protests attracted reactive measures from those in power.
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Most are presumed dead. Many of these prisoners were high school students, young professionals, and union workers who were suspected of having opposed the government. Those 'taken' were generally below the age of 35, as were the members of the regime who tortured and murdered them. There were a disproportionate number of Jewish "disappeared" as the military was anti-Semitic, as documented in
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by taking them away. The heart of the movement was always "women's feelings, mother's feelings", according to Hebe de
Bonafini. She further stated that "it was the strength of women, of mothers, that kept us going." The women's identity as mothers did not restrict them from participating or making an impact in a masculinised political space.
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movement, the women felt it had to be women-only partly to ensure their voices and actions would not be lost in a male-dominated movement, and partly out of a belief that men would insist on a lengthy bureaucratic process rather than immediate action. They also believed that women were more tireless and had more emotional strength than men.
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symbolised children, and thus life, as well as hope and maternal care. The colour white also symbolised their refusal to wear a black mantilla and go into mourning. Children were at the heart of the movement, as the
Mothers fought for a system that would respect human life and honour its preservation.
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in the United States, Bonafini said "I was happy when I first heard the news, that for once they were the ones attacked, I'm not going to lie." and "being the U.S.A the most terrorist of all countries, throwing bombs everywhere around the world" but "felt bad for the innocent workers dead (because of
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presidential palace, in public defiance of the government's law against mass assemblies. Wearing white headscarves to symbolize the diapers (nappies) of their lost children, embroidered with the names and dates of birth of their offspring, now young adults, the mothers marched in twos in solidarity
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The
Mothers of Plaza de Mayo politicised and gave new value to the traditional role of mothers. They used motherhood to frame their protest, demanding the rights inherent to their role: to conserve life. They protested not only what had been done to their children, but also to themselves as mothers
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The
Mothers were committed to child-centred politics, symbolised by the white scarves they wore on their heads. The scarves were originally nappies, or to represent diapers, and were embroidered with the names of their disappeared children or relatives. These headscarves identified the Mothers and
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Issues of gender and motherhood were embedded in this movement. From its inception, the
Mothers has been a strictly women-only organization, as the mothers who lost their children were asserting their existence in the embroidery scarves, posters and demands for restoration. In the later political
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When the disappearances began, each mother thought that their child's disappearance was a single unique case. Initially, the lack of media attention on the disappearances led the mothers to believe that they were alone in their plight. As each mother visited prisons, hospitals, and police stations
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continued to lead a more radical faction under the name
Mothers of Plaza de Mayo Association. These mothers felt responsible for carrying on their children's political work and assumed the agenda that originally led to the disappearance of the dissidents. Unlike the Founding Line, the association
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In 1983, former military officers began to reveal information about some of the regime's human rights violations. Eventually, the military has admitted that over 9,000 of those abducted are still unaccounted for, but the
Mothers of Plaza de Mayo say that the number of missing is closer to 30,000.
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But in 2003, Congress repealed the Pardon Laws, and in 2005 the
Argentine Supreme Court ruled them unconstitutional. During the Kirchner administration, the prosecution of war crimes was re-opened. Former high-ranking military and security officers have been convicted and sentenced in new cases.
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One year after the
Mothers of Plaza de Mayo was founded, hundreds of women were participating, gathering in Plaza for weekly demonstrations. They found strength in each other by marching in public, and attracting some press. They made signs with photos of their children and publicized their
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Their public protests contradicted the traditional, private domain of motherhood, and by mobilising themselves, they politicised their consciousness as women. They restricted themselves to a conservative representation of motherhood, which avoided controversy and attracted the support of
1383:, wrote that the association faction wanted "a complete transformation of Argentine political culture" and "envisions a socialist system free of the domination of special interests". The Mothers Association is now backed by younger militants who support socialism.
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As the number of disappeared grew, the movement grew, and the
Mothers were getting international attention. They began to try to build pressure from outside governments against the Argentine dictatorship, by sharing the many stories of the "disappeared".
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were misleading the investigation; making a statement that they repudiate "the tragic attack, but respect for the victims and their families requires to investigate and do justice," without being "politically manipulated in the service of US interests."
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Never giving up their pressure on the regime, after the military gave up its authority to a civilian government in 1983, the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo rekindled hopes that they might learn the fates of their children, pushing again for the information.
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spoke at the National Commission on Disappeared People, he described how many prisoners were drugged and thrown out of planes to their deaths in the Atlantic Ocean. For years following the regime, from early 1978 onwards, residents who lived along the
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itself. Although they did not challenge the patriarchal structure of Argentine society, by crossing boundaries into the masculinised political sphere, they expanded spaces of representation for Argentine women and opened the way for new forms of
1522:, although it also raised the question among some scholars of whether the movement truly challenged the notion of female passivity, and whether or not it would have sent a more powerful message to have had male family members involved as well.
1214:' women; many of these babies were given in illegal adoptions to military families and others associated with the regime. Their birth mothers were generally believed to have been killed. The numbers are hard to determine due to the
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to protest the denials of their children's existence or their mistreatment by the military regime. Despite personal risks, they wanted to hold the government accountable for the human rights violations which were committed in the
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Its growing budgets, which totaled around US$ 300 million allocated between 2008 and 2011 (of which $ 190 million had been spent), came under scrutiny. There was controversy when the chief financial officer of Sueños Compartidos,
1533:, and confrontation to men. When the Mothers entered Plaza de Mayo, a public space with historical significance, they politicised their role as mothers in society and redefined the values associated with both politics and
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Women had organized to gather, holding a vigil, while also trying to learn what had happened to their adult children during the 1970s and 1980s. They began to gather for this every Thursday, from 1977 at Plaza de Mayo in
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international media. They refuted the concept that to be taken seriously or to be successful, a movement either has to be gender-neutral, or masculine: femininity and motherhood was integral to the Mothers' protest.
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The government then conducted a national commission to collect testimony about the "disappeared", hearing from hundreds of witnesses. In 1985, it began the prosecution of men indicted for crimes, beginning with the
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In 2005, forensic anthropologists dug up some remains of bodies that had been buried in an unmarked grave after washing ashore (in late December 1977) near the beach resort of Santa Teresita, south of Buenos Aires.
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The women decided to risk a public protest, although gatherings of more than three people were banned, by linking arms in pairs, as if on a stroll just across the street from the presidential office building, the
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These women shared the experience of each having had at least one child who had been 'taken' by the military government. The mothers declared that between 1970 and 1980, more than 8,500 individuals became
3007:"Claiming the Public Space: The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo." by Susan Torre. In The Sex of Architecture, edited by Diana Agrest, Patricia Conway, and Lesile Weisman, 241–250. New York: Harry N. Adams, 1996.
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On 26 January 2006, members of the Madres de la Plaza de Mayo Association faction announced what they said was their final annual March of Resistance at Plaza de Mayo, saying "the enemy isn't in the
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McFarland, Sam (2018) "Azucena Villaflor, the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, and Struggle to End Disappearances," International Journal of Leadership and Change: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1, Article 7.
1742:(The Disappeared, 2008) relives the horrors of Argentina’s Dirty War. The film follows a child of the disappeared and his involvement in Los Madres is touched on throughout the documentary.
1199:, the Mothers published a newspaper advertisement with the names of their missing children. That same night, Azucena Villaflor (one of the original founders) was kidnapped from her home in
1506:, the Secretary of Public Works canceled the Sueños Compartidos contract in August 2011. The outstanding projects were transferred to the Undersecretary of Housing and Urban Development.
1146:(the Pink House). The mothers chose this site for its high visibility, and they were hoping for information on their whereabouts to recover imprisoned or to properly bury their children.
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It took until 2005 and DNA identification for many of the mass graves and human remains to be exhumed and cremated or buried; Azucena's ashes were interred in Plaza de Mayo itself.
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The Founding Line faction announced that it would continue both the Thursday marches and the annual marches to commemorate the long struggle of resistance to the dictatorship.
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In September 1977, in order to provide themselves with an opportunity to share their stories with other Argentinians, the mothers decided to join the annual pilgrimage to
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torture centre, and from there on a "death flight" over the ocean. In-flight, the abducted were drugged, stripped, and flung into the sea or killed and thrown overboard.
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1287:, three pioneer Mothers of Plaza who had "disappeared," as well as LĂ©onie Duquet. In December 2005, Azucena Villaflor's ashes were buried in Plaza de Mayo itself.
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Krause, Wanda C. "The Role and Example of Chilean and Argentinian Mothers in Democratisation." Development in Practice, vol. 14, no. 3, 2004, pp. 366–380. JSTOR.
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investigation of human rights abuses in the country. France demanded information on the women, but the Argentine government denied all responsibility for them.
852:, the movement continued to hold marches and demonstrations, demanding sentences for the military personnel that participated in the government that overthrew
2445:. "The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace", Volume 2, "Early Christianity and Antimilitarism - Mass Violence and Trends", 2010. Accessed: May 4, 2015.
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1580:) is an organization which has the aim of finding the "stolen" babies, whose mothers were killed during the Junta's dictatorship in 1977. Its president is
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2405:. "comisionjuiciocampodemayo.wordpress.com", article, "Listado de condenados por delitos de lesa humanidad", March 19, 2012. Accessed: February 7, 2018.
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They have received widespread support and recognition from many international organizations, including being the first organization laureated by the
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Bosco, Fernando J. (2006). "The Madres De Plaza De Mayo and Three Decades of Human Rights' Activism: Embeddedness, Emotions, and Social Movements".
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On "Little Steven" Van Zandt's 1984 release, "Voice of America", he pays tribute to Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo with his song, "Los Desaparecidos".
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1964:
1157:(1976–1983). Those whose locations were found, often had been tortured and killed and their bodies disposed of in rural areas or unmarked graves.
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refused government help or compensation. They pledged not to recognize the deaths of their children until the government would admit its fault.
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As growing numbers joined weekly marches on Thursdays, the day the first few met, the Mothers also began an international campaign to defy the
1138:" or "the disappeared." These people were erased from public records with no government traces of arrests or evidence of charges against them.
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On the first days of December 1980, the first "March of Resistance" was held, consisting of marching around the public square for 24 hours.
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The Mothers movement also raised questions of women in political space and the boundaries surrounding that space. The socially constructed
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repealed and declared unconstitutional. They said they would continue weekly Thursday marches in pursuit of action on other social causes.
1263:, both French nuns, were taken during the Dirty War. Their disappearance attracted international attention and outrage, with demands for a
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17:
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2419:", article, "La nieta recuperada 127 es la hija de la mendocina MarĂa del Carmen Moyano", December 28, 2017. Accessed: February 7, 2018.
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1670:. It was written in a collaboration of students, staff, and faculty of the school, headed up by James Haines and John Rohrkemper.
959:. Together, the women created a dynamic and unexpected force, which existed in opposition to traditional constraints on women in
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2394:", article, "Argentina's Mothers of Plaza de Mayo: The Mourning Process from Junta to Democracy", 1987. Accessed: May 4, 2015.
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The military government considered these women to be politically subversive; the founder of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo,
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Second "March of Resistance" held on 9 and 10 December 1982. The flag reads "Let the 30,000 who disappeared show up alive” (
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Sternbach, Nancy Saporta; et al. (1987). "Interview with Hebe De Bonafini: President of Las Madres De Plaza De Mayo".
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In 1997, MarĂa Adela Gard de Antokoletz was awarded the Gleitsman International Activist Award by the Gleitsman Foundation.
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1479:("Shared Dreams"), which it founded in 2008. By 2011, Sueños Compartidos had completed 5,600 housing units earmarked for
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719:, on 30 April 1977, to petition for the alive return of their disappeared children. Originally, they would remain there
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children's names. They wore white headscarves embroidered with the names and dates of births of their lost children.
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1240:, the Mothers' demonstrations at the Plaza were covered by the international press in town for the sporting event.
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Also an estimated 500 of the missing are the children who were born in concentration camps or prisons to pregnant '
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986:(later found to have been killed on a 'death flight' and her body disposed of in the sea), along with French nuns
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2379:, article, "Argentines Remember a Mother Who Joined the 'Disappeared' ", 24 March 2006. Accessed: May 4, 2015.
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was an active supporter of the association, for which he was the subject of harassment by the dictatorship.
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set in Argentina, protagonist Raquel is told about the Mothers of the Plaza and sees a portion of a march.
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2002:
Stover, Eric; Timerman, Jacobo; Talbot, Tolby (1982). "Prisoner without a Name, Cell without a Number".
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were believed to have been abducted by agents of the Argentine government during the years known as the
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99:
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Krause, Wanda C. (2004). "The Role and Example of Chilean and Argentinian Mothers in Democratisation".
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1204:
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3206:
2911:"Buenos Aires Times | Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo identify 130th missing grandchild of long search"
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Speaking for the Mothers, she rejected the investigations of alleged Iranian involvement in the 1994
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Searching for Life: The Grandmothers of the Plaza De Mayo and the Disappeared Children of Argentina
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Some of the movement's most prominent supporters' bodies were never found, such as French national
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distributed by the military regime. This campaign brought the attention of the world to Argentina.
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The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo were the first major group to organize against the Argentina regime's
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A policeman (Carlos Gallone) and a Mother during an act of protest at Plaza de Mayo, October 1982
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Since 1986 the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo have been divided into two factions, the majority group "
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The white shawl of the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, painted on the floor in Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2558:[Bonafini announced that the Mothers will carry out the last March of the Resistance].
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The military threatened a coup to prevent a widening of prosecutions. In 1986, Congress passed
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2835:"Childless Motherhood: Interview with Nora Cortiñas, a Mother of Plaza De Mayo, Argentina"
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Today, the Mothers are engaged in the struggle for human, political, and civil rights in
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909:. Ceremonially, every Thursday at 3:30 p.m the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo march around the
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residents, and numerous other facilities in six provinces and the city of Buenos Aires.
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Among the charges is the stealing of babies of the disappeared. The first major figure,
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2456:"nacionpro.com: "El dĂa que Bonafini se alegrĂł por los atentados a las torres gemelas""
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1693:", inspired by, and in tribute to, their cause. The song appeared on their 1987 album
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Gender matters in global politics: a feminist introduction to international relations
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De Vincenti, placed the names of 'the missing' in a newspaper in December 1977 (on
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at the central hub of Plaza de Mayo, and at 4:00 p.m they give speeches from the
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2434:", article, "Children of the Dirty War", March 19, 2012. Accessed: May 4, 2015.
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the terrorist attack)." Her remarks led to some criticism in mainstream media.
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2179:"Textual Strategies to Resist Disappearance and the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo"
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1584:. As of June 2019, their efforts have resulted in finding 130 grandchildren.
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2750:(2 ed.). London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 29–31.
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by a group of armed men. She is reported to have been taken to the infamous
838:, would later find their bodies and determine that they had been killed via
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2531:"Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo realizaron la Ăşltima Marcha de la Resistencia"
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Circle of Love Over Death: Testimonies of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
2556:"Bonafini anunció que las Madres harán la última Marcha de la Resistencia"
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Santa Fe commemoration of 2000 rounds of the Madres de Plaza de Mayo, 2016
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testing to identify remains, when bodies of the "disappeared" were found.
1028:, two other founders of the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, also "disappeared".
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1879:
Threads of life : a history of the world through the eye of a needle
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2586:"Hebe de Bonafini S.A.: Cuando el dolor sirve para ganar dinero y poder"
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The association at one time managed a federally funded housing program,
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have found human remains of those abducted, murdered and dumped at sea.
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2978:, by Matilde Mellibovsky, trans. by Maria & Matthew Proser (1997).
2227:"Página/12 :: El paĂs :: Gallone le echĂł la culpa a la foto"
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In 1986, the Mothers split into two factions. One group, called the
2015:
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917:, where they opine over the current national and global situation.
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In 1992, all members of the Mothers' association were awarded the
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2508:"Página/12 :: El paĂs :: "Se escucha sĂłlo a una parte""
1965:"Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo: First Responders for Human Rights"
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prevalent in Argentine society restricted the arena of politics,
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and his experience being arrested and tortured during this time.
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who also supported the movement. This was done at the command of
979:
2622:"PodrĂan denunciar plan de viviendas de Madres de Plaza de Mayo"
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983:
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1881:. London: Sceptre (Hodder & Stoughton). pp. 157–159.
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The government tried to trivialize their action calling them "
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1307:
Beginning in 1984, teams assisted by the American geneticist
2970:
Revolutionizing Motherhood: The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
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A history of modern Latin America : 1800 to the present
2132:
A history of modern Latin America : 1800 to the present
2047:
A history of modern Latin America : 1800 to the present
1915:
A history of modern Latin America : 1800 to the present
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about the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo. It was nominated for an
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for their roles in the repression of dissidents during the
2992:
A Lexicon of Terror: Argentina and the Legacies of Torture
2417:
2093:"Testimonio de Mirta Acuña de Baravalle / 09 de mayo 2012"
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anymore." They acknowledged the significance of President
3020:
2643:"Les quitan a las madres el manejo del plan de viviendas"
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from 1976 to 1981), both of whom were later sentenced to
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834:, known for having found and identified the remains of
27:
Argentine human rights group for "disappeared" children
2290:
2668:"Bonafini says Schoklenders are 'scammers, traitors'"
2120:
1775:
Films depicting Latin American military dictatorships
1655:
is another film related to the "stolen babies" cases.
2662:
2660:
2600:"Página/12 - Las Madres y su construcción de sueños"
2562:(in Spanish). Edant. 14 January 2006. Archived from
2001:
1750:
1423:
The Madres de la Plaza de Mayo march in October 2006
156:
615:
National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons
2277:"Azucena Villaflor: A Mother of the Plaza de Mayo"
1624:On 10 December 2003, the Grandmothers' president,
1468:Popular University of the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo
700:, initially, and then determining the culprits of
489:Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2704:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
2657:
1630:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1330:, which stopped the prosecutions for some years.
3446:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2349:False Flags, Covert Operations, & Propaganda
2299:
2129:
2044:
1909:
1636:
3029:Madres de Plaza de Mayo – LĂnea Fundadora
1647:is a film related to the "stolen babies" cases.
1290:
727:, police expelled them from the public square.
2938:. Center for Public Leadership. Archived from
2730:
2578:
1958:
1956:
1872:
1870:
1454:Social involvement and political controversies
1414:
1034:Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number
915:Equestrian monument to General Manuel Belgrano
848:Despite democracy being re-established in the
3071:
3057:
2998:"Las cenizas de Azucena, junto a la Pirámide"
2789:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1518:Gender separatism reaffirmed its status as a
784:movement. The Mothers constantly opposed the
652:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2529:DyN, EFE (news agencies) (26 January 2006).
2484:. Ssrc.org. 26 November 2001. Archived from
2482:"Aldo Marchesi: Old Ideas in New Discourses"
2304:(Second ed.). Chichester, West Sussex.
2254:
2134:(Second ed.). Chichester, West Sussex.
2049:(Second ed.). Chichester, West Sussex.
1917:(Second ed.). Chichester, West Sussex.
1576:The Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo (Spanish:
745:in Argentina from 1976 to 1983 as a part of
711:, the public square located in front of the
2262:International Center on Nonviolent Conflict
1953:
3064:
3050:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2332:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2183:CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture
2162:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2077:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1945:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1847:
1617:In 1999, the organization was awarded the
1603:In 1997, the organization was awarded the
1458:The association faction remained close to
1356:Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo-Founding Line
1299:The mothers with President NĂ©stor Kirchner
1053:
898:Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo-Founding Line
875:groups throughout their history. The 1980
764:and anyone believed to be associated with
659:
645:
54:
2850:
2813:
2800:
2697:
2695:
2198:
1578:AsociaciĂłn Civil Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo
860:. This would eventually culminate in the
842:and their bodies disposed of in the sea.
626:Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet
3470:Women's organisations based in Argentina
2936:"Gleitsman International Activist Award"
2832:
2745:
2250:
2248:
1619:United Nations Prize for Peace Education
1548:
1509:
1418:
1294:
1225:
1171:
1069:The original founders of the group were
1062:and a dozen other mothers walked to the
946:
942:
798:, most notably in the cases of founders
2859:
2176:
1962:
707:The Mothers began demonstrating in the
704:to promote their trial and sentencing.
540:Navy Petty-Officers School of Mechanics
14:
3447:
2972:, by Marguerite Guzman Bouvard (1994).
2760:
2692:
2637:
2635:
2346:
1876:
1662:(2008) premiered in Leffler Chapel at
1466:), a radio station, and a university (
1160:
830:during the military dictatorship. The
682:association formed in response to the
3197:Belarusian Association of Journalists
3045:
2701:
2245:
1595:Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought
869:Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought
2300:Meade, Teresa A. (19 January 2016).
2130:Meade, Teresa A. (19 January 2016).
2045:Meade, Teresa A. (19 January 2016).
1587:
888:Mothers of Plaza de Mayo Association
832:Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team
715:presidential palace, in the city of
3037:AsociaciĂłn Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo
2632:
1236:In 1978, when Argentina hosted the
1036:. This documented the testimony of
1002:(who was a senior commander in the
749:, military and security forces and
24:
3307:Democratic Opposition in Venezuela
3021:AsociaciĂłn Madres de Plaza de Mayo
2957:
2097:Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno
1398:(the terrorist attack on the AMIA
473:DirecciĂłn de Inteligencia Nacional
25:
3516:
3490:Organizations established in 1977
3011:
2994:, by Marguerite Feitlowitz (1998)
2255:Lester Kurtz (16 December 2012).
2207:from the original on 10 June 2010
387:Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR)
382:People's Revolutionary Army (ERP)
3480:Argentine human rights activists
3460:Political movements in Argentina
3367:Democratic opposition in Belarus
2716:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00481.x
1753:
1462:. They established a newspaper (
1221:
1060:Azucena Villaflor de De Vincenti
822:, perpetrated by a group led by
758:Argentine Anticommunist Alliance
500:Argentine Anticommunist Alliance
2928:
2903:
2877:
2754:
2614:
2592:
2548:
2522:
2500:
2474:
2458:. nacionpro.com. Archived from
2448:
2437:
2422:
2408:
2397:
2382:
2365:
2340:
2269:
2219:
1565:
1071:Azucena Villaflor de De Vincent
760:(AAA, or Triple A) hunted down
694:, with the goal of finding the
684:National Reorganization Process
495:Serviço Nacional de Informações
259:National Reorganization Process
2177:Partnoy, Alicia (March 2007).
2170:
2111:
2085:
2038:
1995:
1903:
1713:Las Madres de la Plaza de Mayo
1275:testing identified among them
1197:International Human Rights Day
1083:MarĂa Adela Gard de Antokoletz
972:International Human Rights Day
142:MarĂa Adela Gard de Antokoletz
30:For the documentary film, see
13:
1:
3505:Social movements in Argentina
3000:, Página/12, 9 December 2005
2852:10.1016/s0968-8080(99)90116-7
1841:
1637:Representation in other media
1572:Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo
1347:Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo
1066:in Argentina's capital city.
47:
3500:Missing people organizations
3113:Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
1704:The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo
1291:Divisions and radicalization
1218:surrounding the abductions.
794:, including kidnappings and
631:Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
483:BatallĂłn de Inteligencia 601
33:The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo
18:Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
7:
2839:Reproductive Health Matters
2775:10.1080/0961452042000191204
2746:Shepherd, Laura J. (2015).
1746:
1415:'Final' March of Resistance
1379:A scholar of the movement,
468:Central Intelligence Agency
94:, Josefina GarcĂa de Noia,
10:
3521:
3485:Human rights organizations
2964:Mothers of the Disappeared
2347:Durham, Robert B. (2014).
1691:Mothers of the Disappeared
1569:
1388:September 11, 2001 attacks
920:
29:
3207:Reporters Without Borders
3080:
2257:"Movements and Campaigns"
1626:Estela Barnes de Carlotto
1582:Estela Barnes de Carlotto
1435:'s success in having the
1381:Marguerite Guzman Bouvard
596:National Security Archive
525:Estadio Nacional de Chile
462:Organizations responsible
152:
127:
117:
106:
79:
71:
53:
46:
3495:Sakharov Prize laureates
3375:Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
3351:/ Andrea González (2017)
2833:Bellucci, Mabel (1999).
2351:. lulu.com. p. 96.
2099:(in Spanish). 9 May 2012
1963:Koepsel, Rachel (2011).
1733:Best Documentary Feature
1231:Mercedes Colás de Meroño
1110:Mirta Acuña de Baravalle
790:government and suffered
737:During the years of the
673:Mothers of Plaza de Mayo
289:Margarita Belén massacre
146:Mirta Acuña de Baravalle
100:Mirta Acuña de Baravalle
42:Mothers of Plaza de Mayo
2763:Development in Practice
2191:Purdue University Press
1400:Jewish community center
1340:crimes against humanity
1054:Origins of the movement
957:human rights violations
741:, the name used by the
702:crimes against humanity
279:Operativo Independencia
48:Madres de Plaza de Mayo
3475:Enforced disappearance
2966:, by Jo Fisher (1989).
2200:10.7771/1481-4374.1028
2004:Human Rights Quarterly
1877:Hunter, Clare (2019).
1830:Maria Eugenia Sampallo
1721:Susana Blaustein Muñoz
1715:) is a 1985 Argentine
1660:Las Madres de la Plaza
1577:
1554:
1531:political mobilisation
1424:
1300:
1233:
1177:
952:
871:, and helping several
2653:on 22 September 2012.
2588:. Patagones Noticias.
1664:Elizabethtown College
1552:
1510:Gender and motherhood
1422:
1298:
1229:
1195:On 10 December 1977,
1175:
1026:MarĂa Ponce de Bianco
950:
943:Activism and reaction
881:Adolfo PĂ©rez Esquivel
850:1983 general election
808:MarĂa Ponce de Bianco
796:forced disappearances
723:, but by declaring a
688:military dictatorship
122:Nonviolent resistance
92:MarĂa Ponce de Bianco
3433:Woman, Life, Freedom
3395:Siarhei Tsikhanouski
3371:Coordination Council
1973:University of Denver
1464:La Voz de las Madres
1445:Law of Due Obedience
1285:MarĂa Eugenia Bianco
1079:HaydĂ©e GarcĂa Buelas
762:political dissidents
575:Archives and reports
440:Luis Posada Carriles
425:Stefano Delle Chiaie
399:Principal operatives
274:Night of the Pencils
176:Background histories
3379:Svetlana Alexievich
2891:on 24 February 2021
2673:Buenos Aires Herald
2231:www.pagina12.com.ar
1913:(19 January 2016).
1835:Jorge Rafael Videla
1540:civic participation
1386:In the wake of the
1321:Trial of the Juntas
1161:Becoming a movement
1000:Jorge Rafael Videla
862:Trial of the Juntas
756:in the form of the
692:Jorge Rafael Videla
621:Trial of the Juntas
435:Virgilio Paz Romero
415:Hugo Campos Hermida
354:Jorge Rafael Videla
43:
2915:www.batimes.com.ar
1815:Estela de Carlotto
1658:An opera entitled
1644:The Official Story
1628:, was awarded the
1555:
1498:, and his brother
1489:Sergio Schoklender
1476:Sueños Compartidos
1441:Ley de Punto Final
1425:
1336:Miguel Etchecolatz
1328:Ley de Punto Final
1301:
1234:
1188:" (the madwomen).
1178:
1058:On 30 April 1977,
1022:Esther Ballestrino
953:
930:, in front of the
804:Esther Ballestrino
725:state of emergency
581:Archives of Terror
349:Alfredo Stroessner
313:Government leaders
140:, Haydeé Gastelú,
88:Esther Ballestrino
41:
3442:
3441:
3411:Mikola Statkevich
3391:Veronika Tsepkalo
3383:Maria Kalesnikava
2602:. Pagina12.com.ar
2510:. Pagina12.com.ar
2376:Los Angeles Times
1983:on 3 October 2012
1795:Tiananmen Mothers
1740:Los Desaparecidos
1673:In an episode of
1588:Awards and prizes
1504:Norberto Oyarbide
1277:Azucena Villaflor
968:Azucena Villaflor
877:Nobel Peace Prize
800:Azucena Villaflor
732:Our Lady of Luján
669:
668:
563:Due obedience law
366:Targeted militias
339:Leopoldo Galtieri
329:Basilio Lami Dozo
264:Operation Colombo
162:
161:
148:, Berta Braverman
84:Azucena Villaflor
16:(Redirected from
3512:
3423:Ukrainian people
3407:Stsiapan Putsila
3350:
3331:
3101:Aung San Suu Kyi
3066:
3059:
3052:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3003:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2887:. Archived from
2881:
2875:
2872:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2830:
2811:
2810:
2803:Feminist Teacher
2798:
2787:
2786:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2728:
2727:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2676:. Archived from
2664:
2655:
2654:
2649:. Archived from
2639:
2630:
2629:
2626:El Intransigente
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2462:on 2 August 2018
2452:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2426:
2420:
2412:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2386:
2380:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2323:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2202:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2153:
2127:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2068:
2042:
2036:
2035:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1976:. Archived from
1969:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1911:Meade, Teresa A.
1907:
1901:
1900:
1874:
1790:Saturday Mothers
1785:Mourning Mothers
1763:
1761:Argentina portal
1758:
1757:
1756:
1738:The documentary
1725:Lourdes Portillo
1717:documentary film
1520:women's movement
1497:
1429:Government House
1373:Hebe de Bonafini
1366:
1309:Mary-Claire King
1102:Delicia González
1100:(four sisters);
1006:and dictator of
908:
892:Hebe de Bonafini
858:1976 coup d'Ă©tat
747:Operation Condor
661:
654:
647:
617:
535:Colonia Dignidad
491:
478:Caravan of Death
420:Manuel Contreras
344:Augusto Pinochet
269:Operation Charly
222:
219:1973 coup d'Ă©tat
209:
191:
188:1976 coup d'Ă©tat
168:Operation Condor
164:
163:
96:Hebe de Bonafini
58:
44:
40:
21:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3435:movement (2023)
3403:Sergei Dylevsky
3399:Ales Bialiatski
3387:Volha Kavalkova
3344:
3325:
3323:Daniel Ceballos
3319:Antonio Ledezma
3203:Ladies in White
3076:
3070:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3014:
3001:
2960:
2958:Further reading
2955:
2945:
2943:
2942:on 1 March 2012
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2860:
2831:
2814:
2799:
2790:
2759:
2755:
2744:
2731:
2700:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2488:on 2 March 2009
2480:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2438:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2398:
2387:
2383:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2345:
2341:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2298:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2253:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2175:
2171:
2155:
2154:
2142:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2070:
2069:
2057:
2043:
2039:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1908:
1904:
1889:
1875:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1780:Ladies in White
1759:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1696:The Joshua Tree
1689:wrote a song, "
1639:
1590:
1574:
1568:
1512:
1491:
1456:
1433:NĂ©stor Kirchner
1417:
1360:
1293:
1250:RĂo de la Plata
1245:Adolfo Scilingo
1224:
1163:
1122:Senora De Caimi
1118:Raquel Arcushin
1075:Berta Braverman
1056:
1050:and elsewhere.
1038:Jacobo Timerman
945:
923:
902:
890:" (presided by
814:nun supporters
665:
636:
635:
613:
609:
601:
600:
576:
568:
567:
553:
545:
544:
513:
505:
504:
487:
463:
455:
454:
450:Michael Townley
430:José López Rega
400:
392:
391:
367:
359:
358:
334:JoĂŁo Figueiredo
314:
306:
305:
284:Ezeiza massacre
249:
241:
240:
216:
203:
185:
177:
130:
67:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3518:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3334:Yon Goicoechea
3315:Leopoldo LĂłpez
3304:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3266:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3200:
3194:
3191:United Nations
3184:
3178:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3073:Sakharov Prize
3069:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3013:
3012:External links
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
2995:
2989:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2927:
2902:
2876:
2858:
2812:
2788:
2769:(3): 366–380.
2753:
2729:
2691:
2680:on 3 July 2011
2656:
2631:
2613:
2591:
2577:
2566:on 8 July 2011
2547:
2521:
2499:
2473:
2447:
2436:
2432:The New Yorker
2421:
2407:
2396:
2381:
2364:
2358:978-1312462885
2357:
2339:
2310:
2289:
2268:
2244:
2218:
2169:
2140:
2119:
2110:
2084:
2055:
2037:
2016:10.2307/762134
1994:
1952:
1923:
1902:
1887:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Laura Carlotto
1807:
1802:
1800:Women in Black
1797:
1792:
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1589:
1586:
1570:Main article:
1567:
1564:
1511:
1508:
1455:
1452:
1416:
1413:
1402:), saying the
1292:
1289:
1281:Esther Careaga
1265:United Nations
1223:
1220:
1162:
1159:
1055:
1052:
1012:life in prison
1004:Argentine Army
944:
941:
922:
919:
828:Argentine Navy
743:military junta
667:
666:
664:
663:
656:
649:
641:
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623:
618:
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532:
530:Villa Grimaldi
527:
522:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
497:
492:
485:
480:
475:
470:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
368:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
228:
223:
210:
197:
192:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
131:
128:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
108:
104:
103:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3517:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
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3486:
3483:
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3434:
3430:
3427:
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3418:
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3400:
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3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3342:Alfredo Ramos
3339:
3335:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
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3270:
3267:
3264:
3260:
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3248:
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3233:
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3227:
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3218:
3215:
3212:
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3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3167:Peled-Elhanan
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3137:Wei Jingsheng
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
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3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
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3074:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3048:
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3032:
3030:
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3022:
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2993:
2990:
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2912:
2906:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2845:(13): 83–88.
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2797:
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2768:
2764:
2757:
2749:
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2738:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:(2): 342–65.
2709:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2679:
2675:
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2669:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2648:
2644:
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2335:
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2321:
2317:
2313:
2311:9781118772485
2307:
2303:
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2251:
2249:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2141:9781118772485
2137:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2114:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2056:9781118772485
2052:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1924:9781118772485
1920:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1888:9781473687912
1884:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:LĂ©onie Duquet
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Alfredo Astiz
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1751:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:Academy Award
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
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1646:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:Geuzenpenning
1602:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1536:
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1528:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1501:
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1490:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:Full Stop Law
1434:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:, focused on
1364:
1359:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1311:began to use
1310:
1305:
1297:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:LĂ©onie Duquet
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1222:Global impact
1219:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:"disappeared"
1147:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1135:Desaparecidos
1129:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1064:Plaza de Mayo
1061:
1051:
1049:
1048:Latin America
1044:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:Alfredo Astiz
993:
992:LĂ©onie Duquet
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
961:Latin America
958:
949:
940:
938:
933:
929:
918:
916:
912:
906:
901:
899:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
843:
841:
840:death flights
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:Alfredo Astiz
821:
820:LĂ©onie Duquet
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:
783:
782:
778:
774:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:Plaza de Mayo
705:
703:
699:
698:
697:desaparecidos
693:
689:
685:
681:
678:
674:
662:
657:
655:
650:
648:
643:
642:
640:
639:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
616:
612:
611:
605:
604:
597:
594:
592:
591:Valech Report
589:
587:
586:Rettig Report
584:
582:
579:
578:
572:
571:
564:
561:
559:
558:Full stop law
556:
555:
549:
548:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:
516:
515:
509:
508:
501:
498:
496:
493:
490:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
459:
458:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:Orlando Bosch
408:
406:
405:Alfredo Astiz
403:
402:
396:
395:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
363:
362:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
310:
309:
302:
301:
300:Desaparecidos
297:
295:
294:Death flights
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
245:
244:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
220:
214:
211:
207:
201:
198:
196:
193:
189:
183:
180:
179:
173:
172:
169:
166:
165:
158:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:LĂ©onie Duquet
135:
132:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
64:
63:desaparecidos
57:
52:
45:
39:
35:
34:
19:
3455:Buenos Aires
3338:Lorent Saleh
3311:Julio Borges
3034:(in English)
3026:(in Spanish)
3018:(in Spanish)
3002:(in Spanish)
2991:
2986:Rita Arditti
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:the original
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2914:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2889:the original
2879:
2842:
2838:
2806:
2802:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2747:
2707:
2703:
2682:. Retrieved
2678:the original
2671:
2651:the original
2646:
2625:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2594:
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2564:the original
2559:
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2534:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2486:the original
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:the original
2450:
2439:
2424:
2410:
2399:
2384:
2374:
2367:
2348:
2342:
2301:
2280:. Retrieved
2271:
2260:
2235:. Retrieved
2233:(in Spanish)
2230:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2186:
2182:
2172:
2131:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2096:
2087:
2046:
2040:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1978:the original
1971:
1914:
1905:
1878:
1739:
1719:directed by
1712:
1702:
1694:
1674:
1668:Pennsylvania
1659:
1650:
1642:
1575:
1566:Grandmothers
1560:
1556:
1544:
1527:gender roles
1524:
1517:
1513:
1485:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1457:
1449:
1440:
1426:
1396:AMIA Bombing
1393:
1385:
1378:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1306:
1302:
1269:
1259:. Domon and
1254:
1242:
1235:
1209:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1164:
1148:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1114:Kety Neuhaus
1098:Cándida Gard
1068:
1057:
1045:
1042:
1033:
1030:
1020:
965:
954:
928:Buenos Aires
924:
897:
887:
885:
873:human rights
866:
854:Isabel PerĂłn
847:
844:
785:
779:
754:death squads
736:
729:
717:Buenos Aires
706:
695:
680:human rights
672:
670:
518:
445:Paul Schäfer
299:
111:Buenos Aires
102:, and others
61:
38:
32:
3429:Mahsa Amini
3345: [
3326: [
3217:MilinkieviÄŤ
3119:Oslobođenje
2809:(1): 16–21.
2103:11 February
1820:Alice Domon
1613:Netherlands
1609:Vlaardingen
1492: [
1460:Kirchnerism
1369:legislation
1361: [
1257:Alice Domon
1243:Later when
1212:disappeared
1144:Casa Rosada
988:Alice Domon
974:), and was
932:Casa Rosada
911:May Pyramid
903: [
836:Che Guevara
816:Alice Domon
792:persecution
781:guerrillero
713:Casa Rosada
324:Hugo Banzer
319:Jorge Anaya
134:Alice Domon
113:, Argentina
66:in Spanish)
3449:Categories
3161:¡Basta Ya!
3075:recipients
2885:"Facebook"
2466:7 February
2237:5 December
2010:(2): 299.
1897:1079199690
1842:References
1770:Black Sash
1685:Rock band
1535:motherhood
1443:) and the
1201:Avellaneda
1167:propaganda
879:recipient
777:Montoneros
751:right-wing
372:Montoneros
157:madres.org
129:Key people
107:Founded at
3465:Dirty War
3279:Yousafzai
3255:Zaitouneh
3089:Marchenko
2783:144459929
2724:145446463
2684:5 January
2647:La NaciĂłn
2570:5 January
2328:cite book
2320:915135785
2158:cite book
2150:915135785
2073:cite book
2065:915135785
2024:0275-0392
1987:5 January
1941:cite book
1933:915135785
1345:With the
1238:World Cup
1186:las locas
1155:Dirty War
1106:Pepa Noia
1016:Dirty War
1008:Argentina
976:kidnapped
937:Dirty War
864:of 1985.
770:left-wing
766:socialism
739:Dirty War
677:Argentine
608:Reactions
519:Esmeralda
512:Locations
377:Tupamaros
254:Dirty War
182:Argentina
72:Formation
3431:and the
3269:Sotoudeh
3263:Bouazizi
3235:Memorial
3175:Kamwenho
3171:Ghazzawi
2540:28 March
2205:Archived
1747:See also
1676:Destinos
1094:Mercedes
984:murdered
980:tortured
787:de facto
773:Peronism
226:Paraguay
80:Founders
3417:Navalny
3355:Sentsov
3285:Mukwege
3251:Senussi
3247:Mahfouz
3241:Fariñas
3211:Ibrahim
3143:Ghezali
3085:Mandela
2988:(1999).
2946:1 March
2920:13 June
2895:2 April
2606:1 March
2560:El Pais
2514:1 March
2492:1 March
1709:Spanish
1652:Cautiva
1216:secrecy
921:Purpose
856:in the
775:or the
236:Uruguay
195:Bolivia
153:Website
118:Methods
3425:(2022)
3419:(2021)
3413:(2020)
3369:: The
3363:(2019)
3357:(2018)
3303:(2016)
3301:Bashar
3293:(2015)
3291:Badawi
3287:(2014)
3281:(2013)
3275:(2012)
3273:Panahi
3265:(2011)
3259:Farzat
3243:(2010)
3237:(2009)
3231:(2008)
3229:Hu Jia
3225:(2007)
3219:(2006)
3213:(2005)
3199:(2004)
3193:(2003)
3183:(2002)
3177:(2001)
3163:(2000)
3157:(1999)
3155:GusmĂŁo
3151:(1998)
3149:Rugova
3145:(1997)
3139:(1996)
3133:(1995)
3127:(1994)
3125:Nasrin
3121:(1993)
3115:(1992)
3109:(1991)
3107:Demaçi
3103:(1990)
3097:(1989)
3095:DubÄŤek
3091:(1988)
2781:
2722:
2535:Clarin
2355:
2318:
2308:
2148:
2138:
2063:
2053:
2032:762134
2030:
2022:
1931:
1921:
1895:
1885:
1408:Mossad
1120:, and
894:) and
812:French
810:, and
721:seated
686:, the
675:is an
248:Events
215:
202:
200:Brazil
184:
3361:Tohti
3349:]
3330:]
3297:Murad
3223:Osman
3187:Annan
2984:, by
2779:S2CID
2720:S2CID
2392:JSTOR
2282:4 May
2211:4 May
2189:(1).
2028:JSTOR
1981:(PDF)
1968:(PDF)
1500:Pablo
1496:]
1365:]
1091:MarĂa
1087:Julia
907:]
213:Chile
206:1960s
3181:Payá
3131:Zana
2948:2012
2922:2019
2897:2012
2686:2024
2608:2012
2572:2023
2542:2011
2516:2012
2494:2012
2468:2018
2353:ISBN
2334:link
2316:OCLC
2306:ISBN
2284:2015
2239:2019
2213:2015
2164:link
2146:OCLC
2136:ISBN
2105:2020
2079:link
2061:OCLC
2051:ISBN
2020:ISSN
1989:2024
1947:link
1929:OCLC
1919:ISBN
1893:OCLC
1883:ISBN
1731:for
1723:and
1481:slum
1406:and
1283:and
1205:ESMA
1149:The
1096:and
1024:and
998:and
990:and
982:and
818:and
671:The
552:Laws
231:Peru
75:1977
2847:doi
2771:doi
2712:doi
2430:. "
2416:. "
2390:. "
2195:doi
2012:doi
1666:in
1607:in
1470:).
1404:CIA
1313:DNA
1273:DNA
1073:i,
690:by
3451::
3409:/
3405:/
3401:/
3397:/
3393:/
3389:/
3385:/
3381:/
3377:/
3373:/
3347:es
3340:/
3336:/
3332:/
3328:es
3321:/
3317:/
3313:/
3309::
3299:/
3271:/
3261:/
3257:/
3253:/
3249:/
3209:/
3205:/
3189:/
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