133:
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247:. As such, states can resort to coercive means such as incarceration, expropriation, humiliation, and death threats to obtain the population's compliance with its rule and thus maintain order. However, this monopoly is limited to a certain geographical area, and in fact this limitation to a particular area is one of the things that defines a state." In other words, Weber describes the state as any organization that succeeds in holding the exclusive right to use, threaten, or authorize physical force against residents of its territory. Such a monopoly, according to Weber, must occur via a process of
36:
381:, the state would not otherwise be able to enforce its legitimacy in its desired sphere of influence. In early and developing states, this role was often played by the "stationary bandit" who defended villagers from roving bandits, in the hope that the protection would incentivize villagers to invest in economic production, and the stationary bandit could eventually use its coercive power to expropriate some of that wealth.
352:
argues that the state itself has no violent power; rather, the people hold all the power of coercion to ensure that order and other equilibriums hold up. The implication of this is that there is a frontier of well-being in stateless societies, that can only be surpassed if some level of coercion or
319:
For the same reasons, "monopoly" does not mean that only the government may use physical force, but that the state is that human community that successfully claims for itself to be the only source of legitimacy for all physical coercion or adjudication of coercion. For example, the law might permit
132:
443:, Jon D. Wiseman points out that a state's monopoly on violence is conferred by the people of that state in exchange for protection of their person and property, which in turn grants states the ability to coerce and exploit people through, for example, taxation.
435:
Martha
Lizabeth Phelps takes Weber's ideas on the legitimacy of private security a step further, claiming that the use of private actors by the state remains legitimate if and only if military contractors are perceived as being controlled by the state.
353:
violence is used to elevate the complexity of the state. In other words, without investing in troops, police, or some sort of enforcement mechanism, early states cannot enjoy the law and order (or prosperity) of more developed states.
388:
providing buyers and sellers in the black market with protection. Without this type of enforcement, market participants would not be confident enough to trust their counter-parties to honor contracts and the market would collapse.
377:. Fiscal capacity meaning the state's ability to recover taxation, and legal capacity meaning the state's supremacy as sole arbiter of conflict resolution and contract enforcement. Without some sort of
1207:
384:
In regions where state presence is minimally felt, non-state actors can use their monopoly on violence to establish legitimacy, or maintain power. For example, the
Sicilian Mafia originated as a
328:, but this right derives from the state's authority. This conflicts directly with enlightenment principles of individual sovereignty that delegates power to the state by consent, and concepts of
1107:
300:
He intended the statement as a contemporary observation, noting that the connection between the state and the use of physical force has not always been so close. He uses the examples of
396:
continues this comparison to say that warmaking and statemaking are actually the best representations of what organized crime can grow into. The relationship between the state,
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A compulsory political organization with continuous operations will be called a 'state' insofar as its administrative staff successfully upholds a claim to the
1435:
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and sex crimes (thus the nickname "bawdy courts"). Regardless, the state exists wherever a single authority can legitimately authorize violence.
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In unorganized and underground markets, violence is used to enforce contracts in the absence of accessible legal conflict resolution.
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201:(1919), the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force is a core concept of modern public law, which goes back to
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801:, eds P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, and T. Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. • Introduction and Chapt
1478:
349:
86:
977:
Phelps, Martha
Lizabeth (December 2014). "Doppelgangers of the State: Private Security and Transferable Legitimacy".
775:
Owens, Emily Greene (2011). "Are
Underground Markets Really More Violent? Evidence from Early 20th Century America".
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preexist the state and are only recognised and guaranteed by the state which may be restricted from limiting them by
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that a fundamental characteristic of statehood is the claim of such a monopoly. An expanded definition appears in
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Weber's rationalism and modern society: new translations on politics, bureaucracy, and social stratification
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Weber's rationalism and modern society: new translations on politics, bureaucracy, and social stratification
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are characterized by the absence of widely acknowledged legitimacy in the use of force between states.
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and violence has been noted as having a direct relationship, using violence as a form of coercion.
570:. Translated by Waters, Tony; Waters, Dagmar. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 129–198.
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603:. Translated by Waters, Tony; Waters, Dagmar. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 136.
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Tilly, Charles (1985). “War making and state making as organized crime” in
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Roman
Agrarian History and Its Significance for Public and Private Law
312:, which had sole jurisdiction over some types of offenses, especially
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1543:
453:
378:
1208:
The 'Objectivity' of
Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy
721:
Olson, Mancur (1993). "Dictatorship, Democracy, and
Development".
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2121:
2089:
2079:
1850:
1810:
1643:
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While the monopoly on violence as the defining conception of the
651:(5 ed.). TĂĽbingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck. p. 29.
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313:
205:
169:
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1588:
1523:
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1518:
305:
632:
Weber, Max (1978). Roth, Guenther; Wittich, Claus (eds.).
369:
The capacity of a state is often measured in terms of its
1663:
1558:
846:"Markets and Hierarchies: Some Elementary Considerations"
149:
599:
Weber, Max (2015). Waters, Tony; Waters, Dagmar (eds.).
566:
Weber, Max (2015). Waters, Tony; Waters, Dagmar (eds.).
1100:
Zur
Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaften im Mittelalter
332:
that hold that individual rights deriving from sapient
762:
The
Sicilian Mafia: the business of private protection
144:
exercise. Due to the monopoly on violence held by the
243:which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimate
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
920:
879:
812:
296:Weber applied several caveats to this definition:
1215:The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism
1132:The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
647:Weber, Max (1980) . Winckelmann, Johannes (ed.).
237:. Weber claims that the state is the "only human
3358:
525:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
148:, the police officer is allowed to use violence
1436:Archiv fĂĽr Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik
678:
519:Police power (United States constitutional law)
441:Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict
308:was permitted under certain conditions, and of
140:officer holding a suspect at gunpoint during a
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1006:Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict
922:"Anarchism! What Geography Still Ought to be"
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320:individuals to use force in defense of one's
1985:
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27:Core legal concept and definition of a state
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1116:Condition of Farm Labour in Eastern Germany
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814:"Networks: Between markets and hierarchies"
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1222:The Rejection and the Meaning of the World
1140:The Economic Ethics of the World Religions
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180:, and thus the supreme authority of that
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1493:
1344:Three-component theory of stratification
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810:
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679:Bates, R.; Greif, A.; Singh, S. (2002).
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636:. Berkeley: U. California P. p. 54.
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131:
3069:Reflections on the Revolution in France
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1349:Tripartite classification of authority
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764:. Harvard University Press. p. 1.
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191:was first described in sociology by
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3179:The End of History and the Last Man
3089:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
404:view a direct relationship between
365:Anarchist placard, 12 December 2020
24:
1004:Kurtz, L.R.; Turpin, J.E. (1999).
292:) in the enforcement of its order.
166:monopoly on the legal use of force
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777:American Law and Economics Review
723:American Political Science Review
3377:Concepts in political philosophy
3149:The Open Society and Its Enemies
961:Paix et guerre entre les nations
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412:of rejection of all unjustified
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1956:Family as a model for the state
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725:. September 1993 (3): 567–576.
218:Les Six livres de la RĂ©publique
172:that is the only entity in its
45:needs additional citations for
3306:Separation of church and state
3204:Collectivism and individualism
3159:The Origins of Totalitarianism
844:Williamson, Oliver E. (1973).
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688:Journal of Conflict Resolution
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3346:Category:Political philosophy
3219:Critique of political economy
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469:Civil control of the military
3244:Institutional discrimination
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1971:Negative and positive rights
1297:Methodological individualism
853:The American Economic Review
819:Strategic Management Journal
531:Power (social and political)
18:Monopoly on the use of force
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3254:Justification for the state
3039:Two Treatises of Government
878:Newell, Michael E. (2019).
649:Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
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152:, while the suspect is not.
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1924:Bellum omnium contra omnes
811:Thorelli, Hans B. (1986).
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1282:Inner-worldly asceticism
1254:General Economic History
919:Springer, Simon (2012).
898:10.1177/1354066119848037
760:Gambetta, Diego (1996).
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2035:Tyranny of the majority
1946:Consent of the governed
1448:German Democratic Party
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700:10.1177/002200202236166
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69:"Monopoly on violence"
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1307:Protestant work ethic
1240:Science as a Vocation
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1155:The Religion of India
1147:The Religion of China
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681:"Organizing Violence"
609:10.1057/9781137365866
576:10.1057/9781137365866
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350:Robert Hinrichs Bates
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1008:. Elsevier Science.
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3139:The Road to Serfdom
3059:The Social Contract
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1189:Economy and Society
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785:10.1093/aler/ahq017
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464:Conflict resolution
345:Criticisms of Weber
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779:. v13, N1: 1–44.
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2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Overton window
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:Libertarianism
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1408:Marianne Weber
1405:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1359:Rational-legal
1356:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1337:Value-rational
1334:
1329:
1324:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:Disenchantment
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1014:
996:
985:(6): 824–849.
969:
959:Raymond Aron.
952:
911:
870:
859:(2): 316–325.
836:
803:
790:
767:
752:
713:
694:(5): 599–628.
671:
654:
639:
624:
617:
591:
584:
557:
556:
554:
551:
549:
548:
543:
541:State-building
538:
533:
528:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
448:
445:
421:
418:
375:legal capacity
358:
355:
346:
343:
342:
341:
334:self-ownership
317:
256:
253:
128:
127:
110:September 2014
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3389:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Jurisprudence
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:Rights of Man
3076:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:De re publica
2986:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:20th and 21st
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2342:18th and 19th
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Nizam al-Mulk
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:Republicanism
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:Max Weber Sr.
1394:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1371:Value-freedom
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:Social action
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1000:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
966:
965:Peace and War
962:
956:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
915:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
874:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:
840:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
807:
800:
794:
786:
782:
778:
771:
763:
756:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
717:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
682:
675:
669:
668:
663:
658:
650:
643:
635:
628:
620:
614:
610:
606:
602:
595:
587:
581:
577:
573:
569:
562:
558:
547:
546:Statelessness
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
526:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
444:
442:
437:
433:
431:
427:
424:According to
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Charles Tilly
390:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
363:
354:
351:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
297:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
273:
271:
267:
266:
261:
252:
250:
246:
242:
241:
236:
235:
230:
229:Thomas Hobbes
227:
224:
220:
219:
215:'s 1576 work
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
199:
195:in his essay
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:A Guatemalan
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3330:
3229:Elite theory
3177:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3137:
3127:
3117:
3107:
3097:
3087:
3077:
3067:
3057:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2967:
2266:Guicciardini
2222:Early modern
2045:Philosophers
1995:Open society
1960:
1931:Body politic
1801:Distributism
1791:Conservatism
1786:Confucianism
1705:Gerontocracy
1695:Dictatorship
1649:Sovereignty‎
1639:Ruling class
1529:Emancipation
1514:Citizenship‎
1402:Alfred Weber
1332:Instrumental
1301:
1292:Life chances
1252:
1187:
1179:
1171:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1068:Bibliography
1005:
999:
982:
978:
972:
964:
960:
955:
930:
926:
914:
889:
885:
873:
856:
852:
839:
822:
818:
806:
798:
793:
776:
770:
761:
755:
722:
716:
691:
687:
674:
665:
657:
648:
642:
633:
627:
600:
594:
567:
561:
536:Private army
479:Failed state
440:
438:
434:
426:Raymond Aron
423:
391:
383:
368:
348:
295:
289:
285:
281:
277:
275:
269:
263:
258:
249:legitimation
240:Gemeinschaft
238:
232:
231:' 1651 book
216:
196:
186:
174:jurisdiction
165:
161:
155:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3103:(1835–1840)
2983:(c. 350 BC)
2973:(c. 375 BC)
2590:Tocqueville
2555:Saint-Simon
2520:Montesquieu
2371:Bolingbroke
2303:Machiavelli
2183:Ibn Khaldun
2148:Alpharabius
2141:Middle Ages
1966:Natural law
1941:Common good
1866:Nationalism
1826:Imperialism
1796:Corporatism
1771:Colonialism
1751:Agrarianism
1730:Technocracy
1710:Meritocracy
1690:Bureaucracy
1680:Aristocracy
1364:Traditional
1354:Charismatic
1327:Traditional
1322:Affectional
330:natural law
226:philosopher
3361:Categories
3311:Separatism
3119:On Liberty
3019:The Prince
2748:Huntington
2251:Campanella
2178:al-Ghazali
2127:Thucydides
2085:Lactantius
2030:Statolatry
1856:Monarchism
1836:Liberalism
1761:Capitalism
1744:Ideologies
1725:Plutocracy
1673:Government
1629:Revolution
1614:Propaganda
1564:Legitimacy
1539:Government
1277:Ideal type
1078:Liberalism
553:References
489:Insurgency
406:capitalism
402:Anarchists
282:legitimate
213:Jean Bodin
80:newspapers
3367:Max Weber
3029:Leviathan
3009:Monarchia
3003:(c. 1274)
2838:Oakeshott
2783:Mansfield
2778:Luxemburg
2763:Kropotkin
2658:Bernstein
2611:centuries
2525:Nietzsche
2468:Jefferson
2396:Condorcet
2344:centuries
2323:Pufendorf
2188:Marsilius
2075:Confucius
2060:Aristotle
2053:Antiquity
1981:Noble lie
1901:Third Way
1896:Socialism
1821:Feudalism
1776:Communism
1756:Anarchism
1735:Theocracy
1720:Oligarchy
1700:Democracy
1685:Autocracy
1599:Pluralism
1584:Obedience
1549:Hierarchy
1509:Authority
1404:(brother)
1378:Verstehen
1287:Iron cage
1057:Max Weber
906:182194314
825:: 37–51.
747:145312307
414:hierarchy
302:feudalism
262:wrote in
260:Max Weber
234:Leviathan
193:Max Weber
3284:Centrism
2979:Politics
2969:Republic
2938:Voegelin
2918:Spengler
2903:Shariati
2878:Rothbard
2833:Nussbaum
2733:Habermas
2708:Fukuyama
2698:Foucault
2623:Ambedkar
2600:Voltaire
2570:de Staël
2545:Rousseau
2426:Franklin
2401:Constant
2361:Beccaria
2193:Muhammad
2173:Gelasius
2158:Averroes
2132:Xenophon
2112:Polybius
2065:Chanakya
1910:Concepts
1876:Populism
1846:Localism
1831:Islamism
1816:Feminism
1715:Monarchy
1619:Property
1609:Progress
1574:Monopoly
1544:Hegemony
1398:(father)
1265:Concepts
1249:" (1919)
1242:" (1917)
1232:Lectures
1224:" (1916)
1217:" (1904)
1210:" (1904)
1181:The City
927:Antipode
708:14970734
454:Coercion
447:See also
379:coercion
326:property
304:, where
278:monopoly
3321:Statism
3234:Elitism
3192:Related
2993:(51 BC)
2923:Strauss
2898:Scruton
2893:Schmitt
2883:Russell
2803:Michels
2798:Maurras
2793:Marcuse
2753:Kautsky
2723:Gramsci
2718:Gentile
2688:Dworkin
2678:Du Bois
2673:Dmowski
2668:Chomsky
2663:Burnham
2648:Benoist
2618:Agamben
2585:Thoreau
2575:Stirner
2565:Spencer
2510:Mazzini
2500:Maistre
2495:Madison
2490:Le Play
2421:Fourier
2386:Carlyle
2366:Bentham
2356:Bastiat
2351:Bakunin
2328:Spinoza
2318:MĂĽntzer
2288:Leibniz
2261:Grotius
2241:Bossuet
2208:Plethon
2153:Aquinas
2122:Sun Tzu
2090:Mencius
2080:Han Fei
1851:Marxism
1811:Fascism
1644:Society
1569:Liberty
1554:Justice
1534:Freedom
1418:Related
935:Bibcode
865:1817092
739:2938736
664:at the
439:In the
398:markets
280:of the
223:English
150:legally
94:scholar
3183:(1992)
3173:(1971)
3163:(1951)
3153:(1945)
3143:(1944)
3133:(1929)
3123:(1859)
3113:(1848)
3093:(1820)
3083:(1791)
3073:(1790)
3063:(1762)
3053:(1748)
3043:(1689)
3033:(1651)
3023:(1532)
3013:(1313)
2943:Walzer
2933:Taylor
2888:Sartre
2853:Popper
2848:Pareto
2843:Ortega
2828:Nozick
2818:Mouffe
2768:Laclau
2728:Guénon
2713:Gandhi
2653:Berlin
2643:Bauman
2638:Badiou
2628:Arendt
2595:Tucker
2485:Le Bon
2446:Herder
2436:Haller
2431:Godwin
2416:Fichte
2411:Engels
2406:Cortés
2376:Bonald
2333:Suárez
2308:Milton
2298:Luther
2271:Hobbes
2256:Filmer
2246:Calvin
2231:Boétie
2224:period
2203:Ockham
2070:Cicero
1871:Nazism
1659:Utopia
1634:Rights
1624:Regime
1594:People
1579:Nation
1410:(wife)
1389:People
1257:(1923)
1200:Essays
1192:(1922)
1184:(1921)
1176:(1920)
1166:(1921)
1158:(1916)
1150:(1915)
1135:(1905)
1127:(1896)
1119:(1892)
1111:(1891)
1103:(1889)
1012:
904:
863:
745:
737:
706:
615:
582:
371:fiscal
314:heresy
206:jurist
203:French
170:polity
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3332:Index
2961:Works
2948:Weber
2913:Spann
2908:Sorel
2873:Röpke
2868:Rawls
2823:Negri
2813:Mosca
2808:Mises
2773:Lenin
2743:Hoppe
2738:Hayek
2703:Fromm
2693:Evola
2683:Dugin
2580:Taine
2560:Smith
2540:Renan
2535:Paine
2456:Iqbal
2441:Hegel
2391:Comte
2381:Burke
2293:Locke
2283:James
2236:Bodin
2168:Dante
2163:Bruni
2117:Shang
2100:Plato
1654:State
1604:Power
1589:Peace
1524:Elite
1502:Terms
1092:Books
902:S2CID
861:JSTOR
849:(PDF)
743:S2CID
735:JSTOR
704:S2CID
684:(PDF)
420:Other
189:state
178:force
146:state
101:JSTOR
87:books
2863:Rand
2858:Qutb
2758:Kirk
2633:Aron
2550:Sade
2530:Owen
2515:Mill
2505:Marx
2473:Kant
2451:Hume
2313:More
2213:Wang
2095:Mozi
1519:Duty
1010:ISBN
613:ISBN
580:ISBN
373:and
322:self
221:and
208:and
182:area
160:, a
73:news
2928:Sun
2788:Mao
1664:War
1559:Law
987:doi
943:doi
894:doi
827:doi
781:doi
727:doi
696:doi
605:doi
572:doi
324:or
286:das
164:or
156:In
56:by
3363::
983:42
981:.
941:.
931:44
929:.
925:.
900:.
890:25
888:.
884:.
857:63
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851:.
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702:.
692:46
690:.
686:.
611:.
578:.
428:,
416:.
272::
251:.
184:.
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1480:t
1473:v
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1213:"
1206:"
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1042:t
1035:v
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993:.
989::
949:.
945::
937::
908:.
896::
867:.
833:.
829::
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787:.
783::
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729::
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698::
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98:·
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