347:
317:
890:
898:
1471:
whether the person is already carrying the virus dormant. Periodically, the virus can reactivate, during which time the person is again infectious, but usually without any symptoms of illness. Usually, a person with IM has few, if any, further symptoms or problems from the latent B lymphocyte infection. However, in susceptible hosts under the appropriate environmental stressors, the virus can reactivate and cause vague physical symptoms (or may be subclinical), and during this phase, the virus can spread to others.
882:
339:
308:, people are more often infected in early childhood when there are fewer symptoms. In those between 16 and 20 it is the cause of about 8% of sore throats. About 45 out of 100,000 people develop infectious mono each year in the United States. Nearly 95% of people have had an EBV infection by the time they are adults. The disease occurs equally at all times of the year. Mononucleosis was first described in the 1920s and is colloquially known as "the kissing disease".
67:
325:
4408:
1521:, entitled "Mononuclear leukocytosis in reaction to acute infection (infectious mononucleosis)". A lab test for infectious mononucleosis was developed in 1931 by Yale School of Public Health Professor John Rodman Paul and Walls Willard Bunnell based on their discovery of heterophile antibodies in the sera of persons with the disease. The Paul-Bunnell Test or PBT was later replaced by the
717:. Approximately 90% of the human population has been infected with cytomegalovirus by the time they reach adulthood, but most are unaware of the infection. Once a person becomes infected with cytomegalovirus, the virus stays in their body throughout the person's lifetime. During this latent phase, the virus can be detected only in
1470:
Once the acute symptoms of an initial infection disappear, they often do not return. But once infected, the person carries the virus for the rest of their life. The virus typically lives dormant in B lymphocytes. Independent infections of mononucleosis may be contracted multiple times, regardless of
680:
by direct contact with infected body fluids. Cytomegalovirus is most commonly transmitted through kissing and sexual intercourse. It can also be transferred from an infected mother to her unborn child. This virus is often "silent" because the signs and symptoms cannot be felt by the person infected.
929:
are the most useful to suspect a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. On the other hand, the absence of swollen cervical lymph nodes and fatigue are the most useful to dismiss the idea of infectious mononucleosis as the correct diagnosis. The insensitivity of the physical examination in detecting
573:
Infectious mononucleosis mainly affects younger adults. When older adults do catch the disease, they less often have characteristic signs and symptoms such as the sore throat and lymphadenopathy. Instead, they may primarily experience prolonged fever, fatigue, malaise and body pains. They are more
1044:
When negative, these tests are more accurate than the heterophile antibody test in ruling out infectious mononucleosis. When positive, they feature similar specificity to the heterophile antibody test. Therefore, these tests are useful for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis in people with highly
1314:
to get insight into the enlargement of a person's spleen. However, because spleen size varies greatly, ultrasonography is not a valid technique for assessing spleen enlargement and should not be used in typical circumstances or to make routine decisions about fitness for playing sports.
262:. Spread may occur by objects such as drinking glasses or toothbrushes or through a cough or sneeze. Those who are infected can spread the disease weeks before symptoms develop. Mono is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms and can be confirmed with blood tests for specific
1272:. Although antivirals are not recommended for people with simple infectious mononucleosis, they may be useful (in conjunction with steroids) in the management of severe EBV manifestations, such as EBV meningitis, peripheral neuritis, hepatitis, or hematologic complications.
1186:, so only symptomatic or supportive treatments are used. The need for rest and return to usual activities after the acute phase of the infection may reasonably be based on the person's general energy levels. Nevertheless, in an effort to decrease the risk of
590:
is unclear. A review of the literature made an estimate of 33ā49 days. In adolescents and young adults, symptoms are thought to appear around 4ā6 weeks after initial infection. Onset is often gradual, though it can be abrupt. The main symptoms may be
775:
is unclear, but the chances of passing the illness to someone else may be the highest during the first six weeks following infection. Some studies indicate that a person can spread the infection for many months, possibly up to a year and a half.
1112:
infections. Because their management is much the same, it is not always helpfulāor possibleāto distinguish between
EpsteināBarr-virus mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus infection. However, in pregnant women, differentiation of mononucleosis from
285:. Infection can be prevented by not sharing personal items or saliva with an infected person. Mono generally improves without any specific treatment. Symptoms may be reduced by drinking enough fluids, getting sufficient rest, and taking
634:, such as through kissing or sharing toothbrushes. About 95% of the population has been exposed to this virus by the age of 40, but only 15ā20% of teenagers and about 40% of exposed adults actually develop infectious mononucleosis.
2662:
Richardson M, Elliman, D, Maguire, H, Simpson, J, Nicoll, A (April 2001). "Evidence base of incubation periods, periods of infectiousness and exclusion policies for the control of communicable diseases in schools and preschools".
1023:
Anti-EA IgG appears in the acute phase of illness and disappears after 3 to 6 months. It is associated with having an active infection. Yet, 20% of people may have antibodies against EA for years despite having no other sign of
2182:
1101:
About 10% of people who present a clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis do not have an acute
EpsteināBarr-virus infection. A differential diagnosis of acute infectious mononucleosis needs to take into consideration
1555:
Yale School of Public Health epidemiologist Alfred E. Evans confirmed through testing that mononucleosis was transmitted mainly through kissing, leading to it being referred to colloquially as "the kissing disease".
4451:
4436:
2310:
Johannsen EC, Kaye, KM (2009). "Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignant disease, and other diseases)". In
Mandell, GL, Bennett, JE, Dolin, R (eds.).
1009:
Anti-VCA IgG appears in the acute phase of EBV infection, reaches a maximum at 2 to 4 weeks after onset of symptoms and thereafter declines slightly and persists for the rest of a personās life.
3685:
Putukian M, O'Connor FG, Stricker P, McGrew C, Hosey RG, Gordon SM, Kinderknecht J, Kriss V, Landry G (Jul 2008). "Mononucleosis and athletic participation: an evidence-based subject review".
960:
rate of as high as 25% in the first week, 5ā10% in the second, and 5% in the third). About 90% of diagnosed people have heterophile antibodies by week 3, disappearing in under a year. The
1548:, after a laboratory technician handling the virus contracted the disease: comparison of serum samples collected from the technician before and after the onset revealed development of
558:
1485:
The characteristic symptomatology of infectious mononucleosis does not appear to have been reported until the late nineteenth century. In 1885, the renowned
Russian pediatrician
3669:
4243:
Sprunt TPV, Evans FA. Mononuclear leukocytosis in reaction to acute infection (infectious mononucleosis). Bulletin of the Johns
Hopkins Hospital. Baltimore, 1920;31:410-417.
630:
throughout the world. Contrary to common belief, the
EpsteināBarr virus is not highly contagious. It can only be contracted through direct contact with an infected person's
952:
The heterophile antibody test, or monospot test, works by agglutination of red blood cells from guinea pigs, sheep and horses. This test is specific but not particularly
2135:
Cohen JI (2008). "Epstein-Barr
Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis". In Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J (eds.).
1515:
The term "infectious mononucleosis" was coined in 1920 by Thomas Peck Sprunt and Frank
Alexander Evans in a classic clinical description of the disease published in the
1268:
although they may reduce initial viral shedding. Antivirals are expensive, risk causing resistance to antiviral agents, and (in 1% to 10% of cases) can cause unpleasant
1893:
Ebell MH, Call M, Shinholser J, Gardner J (12 April 2016). "Does This
Patient Have Infectious Mononucleosis?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review".
5156:
5579:
4506:
1433:
210:(EBV). Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. In young adults, the disease often results in
4579:
1489:
reported an infectious process he called "idiopathic adenitis" exhibiting symptoms that correspond to infectious mononucleosis, and in 1889 a German
1128:
can mimic signs similar to those of infectious mononucleosis, and tests should be performed for pregnant women for the same reason as toxoplasmosis.
3287:
3556:
Rafailidis PI, Mavros MN, Kapaskelis A, Falagas ME (2010). "Antiviral treatment for severe EBV infections in apparently immunocompetent patients".
4253:
3599:
557:
It generally gets better on its own in people who are otherwise healthy. When caused by EBV, infectious mononucleosis is classified as one of the
995:(IgM) mainly reflects a current infection. EBV-targeting antibodies can also be classified according to which part of the virus they bind to:
5170:
2080:
5589:
2929:
2252:
2022:
5584:
3637:
1799:
1768:
2479:
2352:
2221:
4836:
4667:
3169:
Chung HJ, Chi HS, Jang S, Park CJ (1 February 2010). "Epstein-Barr Virus
Infection Associated With Bone Marrow Fibrin-Ring Granuloma".
1206:), for at least the first 3ā4 weeks of illness or until enlargement of the spleen has resolved, as determined by a treating physician.
972:
4707:
4412:
1947:
1428:
449:) may sometimes last for months. Fatigue lasts more than one month in an estimated 28% of cases. Mild fever, swollen neck glands and
2708:
3655:
445:
sometimes also occur. Symptoms most often disappear after about 2ā4 weeks. However, fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell (
4371:
3126:
Ruel M, Sevestre H, Henry-Biabaud E, Courouce AM, Capron JP, Erlinger S (December 1992). "Fibrin ring granulomas in hepatitis A".
2968:
1497:, independently reported similar cases (some of lesser severity) that tended to cluster in families, for which he coined the term
930:
an enlarged spleen means it should not be used as evidence against infectious mononucleosis. A physical examination may also show
2749:
1545:
1517:
87:
2164:
4572:
3631:
3270:
3078:
3005:
2473:
2346:
2319:
2246:
2215:
2176:
2144:
2053:
2016:
1793:
1762:
1680:
561:. Occasionally the disease may persist and result in a chronic infection. This may develop into systemic EBV-positive T cell
3442:
3021:
Rosenfield RE, Schmidt PJ, Calvo RC, McGinniss MH (1965). "Anti-i, a frequent cold agglutinin in infectious mononucleosis".
1859:
1635:
1260:
Antiviral agents act by inhibiting viral DNA replication. There is little evidence to support the use of antivirals such as
4800:
3286:
Putukian M, O'Connor, FG, Stricker, P, McGrew, C, Hosey, RG, Gordon, SM, Kinderknecht, J, Kriss, V, Landry, G (July 2008).
1970:"A Study of an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Candidate Vaccine, mRNA-1189, in 12- to 30-Year-Old Healthy Adolescents and Adults"
1218:
2567:
Rezk SA, Zhao X, Weiss LM (September 2018). "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update".
2493:
4857:
1237:, remains controversial due to the lack of evidence that it is effective and the potential for side effects. Intravenous
1987:
1464:
1038:
Antibody to EBNA slowly appears 2 to 4 months after the onset of symptoms and persists for the rest of a personās life.
5176:
4702:
4659:
4104:"Antiquity of Epstein-Barr virus, Sjƶgren's syndrome, and Hodgkin's disease--historical concordance and discordance"
3462:
Antibiotic Expert Group. Therapeutic guidelines: Antibiotic. 13th ed. North Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines; 2006.
5162:
5091:
4565:
515:
eventually develop a generalized, itchy maculopapular rash, which however does not imply that the person will have
3722:
Spielmann AL, DeLong DM, Kliewer MA (Jan 2005). "Sonographic evaluation of spleen size in tall healthy athletes".
3352:
4284:
4761:
4747:
4230:
282:
1347:
5122:
3595:
17:
5199:
3472:
Torre D, Tambini R, Tambini (1999). "Acyclovir for treatment of infectious mononucleosis: a meta-analysis".
237:
While usually caused by the EpsteināBarr virus, also known as human herpesvirus 4, which is a member of the
4966:
4960:
4871:
4865:
4755:
1544:
in 1964. The link with infectious mononucleosis was uncovered in 1967 by Werner and Gertrude Henle at the
453:
may also persist beyond 4 weeks. Most people are able to resume their usual activities within 2ā3 months.
5329:
5255:
5249:
4922:
4189:
E. Pfeiffer: DrĆ¼senfieber. Jahrbuch fĆ¼r Kinderheilkunde und physische Erziehung, Wien, 1889, 29: 257ā264.
3326:
1365:
953:
866:
267:
4261:
4006:"Compartmentalization and Transmission of Multiple Epstein-Barr Virus Strains in Asymptomatic Carriers"
3591:
1480:
1396:
5386:
4993:
4053:
Hadinoto V, Shapiro M, Greenough TC, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Thorley-Lawson DA (February 1, 2008).
1522:
1311:
1132:
947:
847:
3851:
Handel AE, Williamson AJ, Disanto G, Handunnetthi L, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV (September 2010).
1249:, are not recommended for routine use but may be useful if there is a risk of airway obstruction, a
5007:
4912:
4742:
4715:
4687:
4620:
4466:
1454:
4203:
2070:
5594:
4891:
3759:
Jensen, Hal B (June 2000). "Acute complications of Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis".
1512:, but today it usually is used in the sense of infectious mononucleosis, which is caused by EBV.
1324:
1194:
and other heavy physical activity, especially when involving increased abdominal pressure or the
1183:
854:
643:
114:
4557:
3623:
Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases: An Illustrated Guide to Diagnosis and Management
3204:
Bravender T (August 2010). "Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and infectious mononucleosis".
2815:"Cytomegalovirus Latency and Reactivation: An Intricate Interplay With the Host Immune Response"
1754:
Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases: An Illustrated Guide to Diagnosis and Management
5285:
5263:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5085:
5023:
4917:
4878:
4681:
2925:
2236:
2006:
1331:
1296:
760:
693:. For those with weak immune systems, cytomegalovirus can cause more serious illnesses such as
615:
609:
346:
207:
142:
4517:
4180:Š. Š¤ŠøŠ»Š°ŃŠ¾Š²: ŠŠµŠŗŃŠøŠø Š¾Š± Š¾ŃŃŃŃŃ
ŠøŠ½ŃŠµŠŗŃŠøŠ¾Š½Š½ŃŃ
Š±Š¾Š»ŠµŠ·Š½ŃŃ
Ń Š“ŠµŃŠµŠ¹ . 2 volumes. Moscow, A. Lang, 1887.
3621:
2463:
1783:
1752:
5270:
4851:
4721:
4692:
2336:
2205:
2045:
1541:
1529:
1446:
1442:
1310:
is a common symptom of infectious mononucleosis and health care providers may consider using
1103:
1089:
829:
801:
649:
316:
222:. Most people recover in two to four weeks; however, feeling tired may last for months. The
5534:
5366:
5001:
4830:
4324:
3864:
3853:"An updated meta-analysis of risk of multiple sclerosis following infectious mononucleosis"
2615:"Progress and problems in understanding and managing primary Epstein-Barr virus infections"
1939:
1058:
levels are highly suggestive of infectious mononucleosis, occurring in up to 50% of people.
922:
918:
833:
543:
418:
374:-like symptoms, if any at all. When found, symptoms tend to be similar to those of common
8:
4952:
4673:
4455:
4055:"On the dynamics of acute EBV infection and the pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis"
2878:
2705:
2370:
1351:
1276:
1070:
926:
809:
528:
4328:
3868:
1275:
Although antibiotics exert no antiviral action they may be indicated to treat bacterial
5346:
5341:
5055:
4811:
4545:
4079:
4054:
3981:
3954:
3935:
3887:
3852:
3828:
3811:
3792:
3710:
3533:
3508:
3411:
3378:
3318:
3257:
Mark H. Beers ... (2006). Beers MH, Porter RS, Jones TV, Kaplan JL, Berkwits M (eds.).
3151:
3046:
3034:
2972:
2906:
2841:
2814:
2771:
2744:
2688:
2639:
2614:
2592:
1841:
1355:
889:
858:
816:
772:
94:
4347:
4313:"Relation of Burkitt's tumor-associated herpes-ytpe virus to infectious mononucleosis"
4312:
4030:
4005:
2541:
2516:
1006:
Anti-VCA IgM appear early after infection, and usually, disappear within 4 to 6 weeks.
897:
5519:
5470:
5451:
5432:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5127:
5032:
4736:
4614:
4477:
4379:
4352:
4224:
4163:
4159:
4125:
4084:
4035:
3986:
3927:
3892:
3833:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3739:
3702:
3627:
3573:
3538:
3489:
3416:
3398:
3310:
3266:
3259:
3213:
3186:
3143:
3103:
3074:
3038:
3001:
2898:
2894:
2846:
2776:
2680:
2676:
2644:
2584:
2546:
2469:
2444:
2390:
2342:
2315:
2289:
2242:
2211:
2172:
2140:
2139:(17th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. pp. 380ā91.
2049:
2038:
2012:
1910:
1833:
1829:
1789:
1758:
1728:
1458:
1195:
1108:
870:
850:
will test negative and differentiate those infections from infectious mononucleosis.
838:
768:
729:
587:
481:
426:
408:
300:
Mononucleosis most commonly affects those between the ages of 15 and 24 years in the
246:
219:
153:
107:
82:
38:
4528:
4460:
4021:
3939:
3796:
3714:
3322:
3155:
3050:
2910:
2596:
1845:
5494:
5204:
4884:
4816:
4697:
4628:
4342:
4332:
4293:
4155:
4115:
4074:
4066:
4025:
4017:
3976:
3966:
3919:
3910:
Pattle SB, Farrell PJ (November 2006). "The role of Epstein-Barr virus in cancer".
3882:
3872:
3823:
3768:
3731:
3694:
3565:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3481:
3406:
3394:
3390:
3302:
3231:
3178:
3135:
3030:
2890:
2836:
2826:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2692:
2672:
2634:
2626:
2576:
2536:
2528:
2382:
2279:
1902:
1825:
1718:
1672:
1406:
1377:
1254:
1250:
992:
988:
885:
Infectious mononucleosis, peripheral smear, high power showing reactive lymphocytes
686:
524:
516:
305:
286:
167:
5458:
2580:
1627:
30:"Mononucleosis" redirects here. For excessive monocyte counts more generally, see
5418:
5323:
5243:
5232:
5103:
5067:
4987:
4773:
4634:
4471:
4070:
3877:
3698:
3664:
3660:
3434:
3377:
Rezk E, Nofal YH, Hamzeh A, Aboujaib MF, AlKheder MA, Al Hammad MF (2015-11-08).
3306:
2712:
1533:
1412:
1203:
1187:
1140:
1078:
737:
710:
414:
411: ā usually severe for 3ā5 days, before resolving in the next 7ā10 days.
301:
231:
215:
103:
74:
3068:
4654:
4531:
4120:
4103:
3923:
3735:
3095:
2284:
2267:
1969:
1578:
1573:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1199:
1191:
1065:, one diagnostic criterion for infectious mononucleosis is the presence of 50%
964:
involved in the test do not interact with the EpsteināBarr virus or any of its
957:
862:
749:
690:
434:
4534:
4482:
3569:
3485:
542:
is common in the second and third weeks, although this may not be apparent on
5573:
4649:
4644:
4592:
4383:
3971:
3780:
3402:
3182:
2951:
2831:
2312:
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease
1494:
1280:
1246:
1125:
1114:
881:
843:
808:
against infected B lymphocytes, resulting in enlarged, atypical lymphocytes (
789:
653:
619:
417: ā mobile; usually located around the back of the neck (posterior
238:
4445:
3653:
3288:"Mononucleosis and athletic participation: an evidence-based subject review"
3285:
1816:
Evans AS (November 1978). "Infectious mononucleosis and related syndromes".
1154:
Other conditions from which to distinguish infectious mononucleosis include
752:
viruses have also been reported as rare causes of infectious mononucleosis.
5510:
5360:
5038:
4899:
4297:
4129:
4088:
4039:
3990:
3931:
3896:
3837:
3788:
3743:
3706:
3577:
3542:
3493:
3420:
3314:
3217:
3190:
3107:
3020:
2850:
2780:
2684:
2648:
2588:
2550:
2448:
2394:
2293:
1914:
1906:
1732:
1723:
1706:
1490:
1422:
1339:
1307:
1284:
1265:
1117:
is important, since it is associated with significant consequences for the
1074:
1055:
914:
846:) infections can cause symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis, but a
547:
539:
500:
473:
355:
4356:
4167:
3147:
3042:
2902:
2386:
1085:
when they were first discovered, thus the term "mononucleosis" was coined.
736:, is responsible for less than 1% of the infectious mononucleosis cases.
578:. People over 40 years of age are more likely to develop serious illness.
5550:
5499:
5487:
5482:
5475:
5463:
5437:
5407:
5309:
5148:
5060:
5043:
4978:
4639:
4512:
4337:
2798:
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. Health Reference Series Detroit
2630:
2465:
The Causes of Epilepsy: Common and Uncommon Causes in Adults and Children
2435:
Ebell MH (November 2004). "Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis".
2075:
1837:
1537:
1486:
1418:
1369:
1292:
1269:
1214:
1167:
1159:
1148:
1136:
820:
793:
673:
623:
508:
461:
457:
395:
383:
379:
375:
331:
290:
171:
31:
2661:
5400:
5184:
4941:
4540:
3356:
3265:(18th ed.). Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck Research Laboratories.
3139:
1509:
1361:
1354:. Prior infectious mononucleosis has been linked to the development of
1343:
1335:
1288:
1226:
1163:
1144:
1131:
People with infectious mononucleosis are sometimes misdiagnosed with a
1066:
1062:
823:
785:
741:
681:
However, it can cause life-threatening illness in infants, people with
520:
512:
398:
and young adulthood, the disease presents with a characteristic triad:
263:
60:
Glandular fever, Pfeiffer's disease, Filatov's disease, kissing disease
4428:
2532:
771:
of four to seven weeks. The length of time that an individual remains
338:
5445:
5426:
5393:
5381:
5375:
5354:
5300:
5228:
5114:
5076:
4845:
4824:
4730:
4608:
4600:
4588:
4523:
2956:
1450:
1402:
1389:
1373:
1261:
1222:
1171:
931:
901:
Splenomegaly due to mononucleosis resulting in a subcapsular hematoma
893:
Splenomegaly due to mononucleosis resulting in a subcapsular hematoma
733:
718:
702:
694:
328:
294:
242:
175:
1940:"Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis Laboratory Testing"
5543:
5190:
4932:
4788:
4199:
3850:
3350:
National Center for Emergency Medicine Informatics - Mononucleosis
2971:. Lymphangiomatosis & Gorham's disease Alliance. Archived from
1549:
1384:
1155:
1082:
984:
961:
592:
575:
562:
551:
485:
477:
442:
430:
359:
271:
4146:
Evans AS (March 1974). "The history of infectious mononucleosis".
3684:
66:
5296:
4587:
4282:
Miller G (December 21, 2006). "Book Review: EpsteināBarr Virus".
3555:
3509:"Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)"
3125:
3069:
Longmore M, Ian Wilkinson, Tom Turmezei, Chee Kay Cheung (2007).
2745:"Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)"
1438:
1234:
965:
745:
627:
614:
About 90% of cases of infectious mononucleosis are caused by the
496:
469:
450:
446:
278:
4052:
991:(IgG), when positive, mainly reflects a past infection, whereas
324:
4905:
4501:
4440:
4407:
3812:"Symptomatic atrial fibrillation with infectious mononucleosis"
2995:
935:
805:
797:
764:
698:
657:
631:
504:
438:
251:
230:
may also become swollen, and in less than one percent of cases
227:
146:
124:
4003:
3654:
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (24 April 2014),
1988:"New Epstein-Barr virus vaccine trial hailed a success so far"
1045:
suggestive symptoms and a negative heterophile antibody test.
804:). The host immune response involves cytotoxic (CD8-positive)
274:
test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy.
5556:
5315:
4947:
1118:
714:
706:
677:
669:
665:
661:
648:
About 5ā7% of cases of infectious mononucleosis is caused by
402:
259:
255:
223:
211:
120:
99:
3506:
971:
The monospot test is not recommended for general use by the
676:
and genital secretions. A person becomes infected with this
350:
Maculopapular rash from amoxicillin use during EBV infection
3955:"EpsteināBarr Virus and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis"
3507:
De Paor M, O'Brien K, Fahey T, Smith SM (8 December 2016).
2008:
Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice
492:
476:. In about 50% of cases, small reddish-purple spots called
250:
may also cause the disease. It is primarily spread through
4004:
Sitki-Green D, Covington M, Raab-Traub N (February 2003).
3379:"Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis"
1892:
861:
in which abnormal circulating antibodies directed against
559:
EpsteināBarr virusāassociated lymphoproliferative diseases
531:
have been reported. Seizures may also occasionally occur.
4782:
4372:"Alfred S. Evans, 78, Expert On Origins of Mononucleosis"
3471:
682:
465:
371:
2461:
595:
by 1ā2 weeks of fatigue, feeling unwell and body aches.
546:. Rarely the spleen may rupture. There may also be some
4209:
3376:
2742:
2715:. MayoClinic.com (2011-11-22). Retrieved on 2013-08-03.
3721:
2813:
Forte E, Zhang Z, Thorp EB, Hummel M (31 March 2020).
2706:
Mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr: What's the connection?
2612:
2259:
2011:(8 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1731.
1233:, while used to try to reduce throat pain or enlarged
815:
When the infection is acute (recent onset, instead of
3656:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2812:
2368:
2314:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone.
1077:), while the person also has fever, pharyngitis, and
77:
in the neck of a person with infectious mononucleosis
4418:
4254:"Historical Timeline | Yale School of Public Health"
3809:
2613:
Odumade OA, Hogquist KA, Balfour HH (January 2011).
853:
Mononucleosis is sometimes accompanied by secondary
456:
The most prominent sign of the disease is often the
370:
Before puberty, the disease typically only produces
2808:
2806:
2069:Stƶppler MC (7 September 2011). Shiel WC Jr (ed.).
2004:
491:A small minority of people spontaneously present a
3258:
2923:
2234:
2037:
1788:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 641.
1434:Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
1327:are uncommon, occurring in less than 5% of cases:
3256:
3071:Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 7th edition
2792:
2790:
2309:
2265:
2203:
342:Rash from using penicillin while infected with IM
166:Drinking enough fluids, getting sufficient rest,
5571:
3668:, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine,
3168:
2991:
2989:
2819:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
2803:
2364:
2362:
2305:
2303:
1781:
405: ā usually lasting 14 days; often mild
4310:
3619:
3584:
3102:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
3064:
3062:
3060:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2562:
2560:
2517:"Liver involvement in infectious mononucleosis"
2062:
2040:Everything You Need to Know about Mononucleosis
1750:
1528:The EpsteināBarr virus was first identified in
1441:associated with the EpsteināBarr virus include
656:. This virus is found in body fluids including
389:
4095:
3456:
3093:
2998:Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Concise Textbook
2787:
2655:
2608:
2606:
2238:Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
796:, or sore throat), and later primarily within
4573:
3909:
3758:
3206:Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews
3197:
2986:
2728:Vol. 2. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Online.
2566:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2359:
2300:
1707:"JAMA PATIENT PAGE. Infectious Mononucleosis"
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
495:, usually on the arms or trunk, which can be
4148:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
4141:
4139:
3946:
3844:
3649:
3647:
3549:
3279:
3057:
2731:
2557:
2462:Shorvon SD, Andermann F, Guerrini R (2011).
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2171:. Horizon Scientific Press. pp. 35ā42.
2165:"Clinical Aspects of Epstein-Barr Infection"
2158:
2156:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
1818:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
1785:Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
941:
488:can also occur, but is relatively uncommon.
3513:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3383:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2870:
2750:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2603:
2468:. Cambridge University Press. p. 470.
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
1921:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1092:may be present in the liver or bone marrow.
362:of infectious mononucleosis vary with age.
4837:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
4580:
4566:
4311:Henle G, Henle W, Diehl V (January 1968).
4275:
4101:
2996:Ghosh, Amit K., Habermann, Thomas (2007).
2496:. Johns Hopkins Medicine. 19 November 2019
2369:Luzuriaga K, Sullivan, JL (May 27, 2010).
2241:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1760.
2137:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1650:
65:
4708:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
4346:
4336:
4304:
4136:
4119:
4078:
4029:
3980:
3970:
3886:
3876:
3827:
3810:Aghenta A, Osowo A, Thomas J (May 2008).
3644:
3532:
3465:
3410:
3261:The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy
3203:
2944:
2840:
2830:
2770:
2638:
2540:
2401:
2334:
2283:
2153:
2029:
1811:
1809:
1722:
1429:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
1299:infection as a diffuse rash may develop.
1096:
987:directed against the EpsteināBarr virus.
523:again in the future. Occasional cases of
334:in a person with infectious mononucleosis
320:Main symptoms of infectious mononucleosis
270:of which more than 10% are atypical. The
4369:
4205:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
4192:
4108:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
3073:. Oxford University Press. p. 389.
2665:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
2434:
2341:. Horizon Scientific Press. p. 36.
2210:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 79.
2095:
2068:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1700:
1698:
1583:
1225:, may be used to reduce fever and pain.
896:
888:
880:
345:
337:
323:
315:
206:, is an infection usually caused by the
3250:
2876:
2743:De Paor M, O'Brien K, Smith SM (2016).
2235:Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ (2014).
1877:
908:
626:. It is one of the most commonly found
14:
5580:EpsteināBarr virusāassociated diseases
5572:
4281:
3724:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
3626:(2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 125.
3171:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
2204:Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM (2016).
2044:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p.
2005:Marx J, Walls R, Hockberger R (2013).
1806:
1782:Handin RI, Lux SE, Stossel TP (2003).
1757:(2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 123.
1566:
1518:Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital
1182:Infectious mononucleosis is generally
4561:
4145:
3952:
3427:
2514:
2185:from the original on 24 February 2014
2162:
2134:
2035:
1860:"Mononucleosis - Symptoms and causes"
1815:
1739:
1704:
1695:
1081:. The atypical lymphocytes resembled
869:. The cold agglutinin detected is of
603:
574:likely to have liver enlargement and
460:, which is frequently accompanied by
311:
4198:
3912:Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
3236:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
2867:Vol. 2. 3rd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2006.
1392:with the EpsteināBarr virus is rare.
1143:) and are given antibiotics such as
581:
421:) and sometimes throughout the body.
5590:Cytomegalovirus-associated diseases
4858:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
3620:Tyring S, Moore AY, Lupi O (2016).
2800:: Omnigraphics, Inc., 2009. Online.
2724:Schonbeck, John and Frey, Rebecca.
2375:The New England Journal of Medicine
1751:Tyring S, Moore AY, Lupi O (2016).
1638:from the original on August 8, 2016
1546:Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
1135:(because of the symptoms of fever,
905:The disease is diagnosed based on:
588:time between infection and symptoms
24:
5585:Virus-related cutaneous conditions
4102:Altschuler EL (1 September 1999).
3687:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
3295:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
3035:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1965.tb01418.x
2865:The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine.
2726:The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine.
1950:from the original on 7 August 2016
1683:from the original on 8 August 2016
1465:Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
784:The virus replicates first within
779:
637:
25:
5606:
5177:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
4703:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
4400:
3672:from the original on 29 July 2014
3445:from the original on July 6, 2006
3353:"Mononucleosis (Glandular Fever)"
2521:Journal of Clinical Investigation
2083:from the original on 18 June 2013
2071:"Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)"
1481:EpsteināBarr virus Ā§ History
1295:are not recommended during acute
472:similar to that seen in cases of
254:but can rarely be spread through
158:Based on symptoms and blood tests
5163:Middle East respiratory syndrome
4406:
4160:10.1097/00000441-197403000-00006
3773:10.1097/00008480-200006000-00016
3640:from the original on 2017-09-11.
2895:10.1097/00006205-199603000-00002
2677:10.1097/00006454-200104000-00004
2482:from the original on 2018-01-04.
2355:from the original on 2017-09-11.
2255:from the original on 2017-09-11.
2224:from the original on 2017-09-11.
2025:from the original on 2017-09-11.
1830:10.1097/00000441-197811000-00010
1802:from the original on 2017-09-11.
1771:from the original on 2017-09-11.
1673:"About Infectious Mononucleosis"
1628:"About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)"
689:recipients, and those with weak
534:
4363:
4285:New England Journal of Medicine
4246:
4237:
4183:
4174:
4046:
4022:10.1128/JVI.77.3.1840-1847.2003
3997:
3903:
3803:
3752:
3613:
3602:from the original on 2010-09-08
3500:
3370:
3344:
3224:
3162:
3128:Digestive Diseases and Sciences
3119:
3087:
3014:
2961:
2932:from the original on 2016-11-19
2917:
2857:
2718:
2699:
2508:
2486:
2455:
2328:
2228:
2197:
2167:. In Robertson, Erle S. (ed.).
1998:
1980:
1962:
1104:acute cytomegalovirus infection
755:
724:
568:
27:Common viral infectious disease
4762:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
4748:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
3525:10.1002/14651858.CD011487.pub2
3395:10.1002/14651858.CD004402.pub3
3094:Stuempfig ND, Seroy J (2023),
2926:"How Long Is Mono Contagious?"
2763:10.1002/14651858.CD011487.pub2
1852:
1775:
1395:Upper airway obstruction from
1302:
1209:
1190:, experts advise avoidance of
1048:
241:, a few other viruses and the
185:45 per 100,000 per year (U.S.)
13:
1:
3761:Current Opinion in Pediatrics
3596:National Health Service (NHS)
2581:10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.020
2266:Weiss LM, O'Malley D (2013).
1559:
800:(which are invaded via their
266:. Another typical finding is
4967:Tropical spastic paraparesis
4872:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
4317:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
4071:10.1182/blood-2007-06-093278
3878:10.1371/journal.pone.0012496
3699:10.1097/JSM.0b013e31817e34f8
3307:10.1097/JSM.0b013e31817e34f8
2863:Carson-DeWitt and Teresa G.
1318:
1279:of the throat, such as with
1177:
876:
390:Adolescents and young adults
7:
5330:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
5250:Human parainfluenza viruses
4923:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
4219:. Headword "mononucleosis".
2941:Date reviewed: January 2013
2515:Evans AS (1 January 1948).
999:Viral capsid antigen (VCA):
978:
867:autoimmune hemolytic anemia
365:
281:for EBV; however, there is
268:increased blood lymphocytes
10:
5611:
4229:: CS1 maint: postscript (
4208:, Elsevier, archived from
3924:10.1517/14712598.6.11.1193
3736:10.2214/ajr.184.1.01840045
3435:"Infectious Mononucleosis"
2879:"Infectious mononucleosis"
2494:"Infectious Mononucleosis"
2371:"Infectious mononucleosis"
2285:10.1038/modpathol.2012.176
2268:"Benign lymphadenopathies"
1705:Ebell MH (12 April 2016).
1478:
1474:
1376:, and bleeding (caused by
1031:EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)
975:due to its poor accuracy.
945:
641:
607:
554:occurs only occasionally.
507:. Almost all people given
36:
29:
5533:
5509:
5417:
5340:
5295:
5284:
5113:
5075:
5054:
5022:
4994:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
4977:
4931:
4810:
4799:
4772:
4599:
4492:
4422:
4370:Fountain H (1996-01-25).
3816:Canadian Family Physician
3570:10.1016/j.jcv.2010.07.008
3486:10.1080/00365549950164409
2437:American Family Physician
2278:(Supplement 1): S88āS96.
1523:heterophile antibody test
1372:is positive) and various
1312:abdominal ultrasonography
1133:streptococcal pharyngitis
948:Heterophile antibody test
942:Heterophile antibody test
848:heterophile antibody test
697:and inflammations of the
425:Another major symptom is
181:
162:
152:
145:(EBV) usually spread via
138:
130:
113:
93:
81:
73:
64:
56:
51:
5096:Infectious mononucleosis
4913:Chandipura vesiculovirus
4743:Hepatocellular carcinoma
4688:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
4621:Hepatocellular carcinoma
4546:Infectious mononucleosis
4507:Infectious mononucleosis
4413:Infectious mononucleosis
4121:10.1093/jnci/91.17.1512A
3972:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01902
3183:10.1309/AJCPB7SX7QXASPSK
2924:Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph.
2832:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00130
917:, and swollen posterior
763:infection is spread via
598:
548:enlargement of the liver
192:Infectious mononucleosis
52:Infectious mononucleosis
37:Not to be confused with
4892:Encephalitis lethargica
4593:viral systemic diseases
3959:Frontiers in Immunology
3663:: an initiative of the
3592:"Glandular fever - NHS"
1534:Michael Anthony Epstein
1348:GuillaināBarrĆ© syndrome
1251:very low platelet count
983:Serologic tests detect
855:cold agglutinin disease
652:(CMV), another type of
644:Human betaherpesvirus 5
5264:Human orthopneumovirus
4918:Herpesviral meningitis
4879:Arbovirus encephalitis
4298:10.1056/NEJMbkrev39523
3000:. Informa Healthcare.
2969:"The Lymphatic System"
2883:The Nurse Practitioner
2877:Cozad J (March 1996).
1907:10.1001/jama.2016.2111
1724:10.1001/jama.2016.2474
1453:in general as well as
1334:complications include
1097:Differential diagnosis
902:
894:
886:
865:can lead to a form of
351:
343:
335:
321:
4722:Merkel-cell carcinoma
4258:publichealth.yale.edu
3474:Scand. J. Infect. Dis
2889:(3): 14ā6, 23, 27ā8.
2387:10.1056/NEJMcp1001116
2335:Robertson ES (2005).
1542:University of Bristol
1501:("glandular fever").
1479:Further information:
1397:tonsillar hypertrophy
1090:fibrin ring granuloma
900:
892:
884:
650:human cytomegalovirus
349:
341:
327:
319:
41:(a genetic disorder).
5367:Adenovirus infection
4831:Human polyomavirus 2
4660:Oropharyngeal cancer
4415:at Wikimedia Commons
4338:10.1073/pnas.59.1.94
3441:. January 24, 2006.
3332:on 23 September 2013
2631:10.1128/CMR.00044-10
2619:Clin. Microbiol. Rev
1277:secondary infections
1217:(acetaminophen) and
1071:atypical lymphocytes
927:inguinal lymph nodes
909:Physical examination
586:The exact length of
544:physical examination
419:cervical lymph nodes
293:(acetaminophen) and
216:enlarged lymph nodes
174:(acetaminophen) and
104:enlarged lymph nodes
4953:Post-polio syndrome
4589:Infectious diseases
4329:1968PNAS...59...94H
4010:Journal of Virology
3869:2010PLoSO...512496H
2207:Infectious Diseases
2079:. medicinenet.com.
1976:. 19 November 2023.
1946:. January 7, 2014.
1679:. January 7, 2014.
1634:. January 7, 2014.
1352:transverse myelitis
1079:swollen lymph nodes
913:The presence of an
529:erythema multiforme
480:can be seen on the
75:Swollen lymph nodes
5086:EpsteināBarr virus
5056:Respiratory system
4693:Burkitt's lymphoma
4493:External resources
4376:The New York Times
3140:10.1007/BF01308088
2928:. Kidshealth.org.
2711:2013-06-06 at the
2338:Epstein-Barr Virus
2169:Epstein-Barr Virus
1974:clinicaltrials.gov
1530:Burkitt's lymphoma
1493:and pediatrician,
1447:Hodgkin's lymphoma
1443:Burkitt's lymphoma
1405:disease course of
1356:multiple sclerosis
1297:EpsteināBarr virus
1073:(large, irregular
1069:with at least 10%
1016:Early antigen (EA)
903:
895:
887:
859:autoimmune disease
761:EpsteināBarr virus
618:, a member of the
616:EpsteināBarr virus
610:EpsteināBarr virus
604:EpsteināBarr virus
540:Spleen enlargement
382:, with or without
352:
344:
336:
322:
312:Signs and symptoms
239:herpesvirus family
208:EpsteināBarr virus
143:EpsteināBarr virus
88:Infectious disease
5567:
5566:
5529:
5528:
5280:
5279:
5211:Influenza virus A
5128:Human coronavirus
5018:
5017:
5008:Herpes of the eye
4555:
4554:
4411:Media related to
4292:(25): 2708ā2709.
3953:Marsh RA (2017).
3633:978-1-4200-7313-3
3272:978-0-911910-18-6
3212:(2): 251ā64, ix.
3134:(12): 1915ā1917.
3080:978-0-19-856837-7
3007:978-1-4200-6749-1
2533:10.1172/JCI101913
2475:978-1-139-49578-3
2381:(21): 1993ā2000.
2348:978-1-904455-03-5
2321:978-0-443-06839-3
2248:978-1-4557-4801-3
2217:978-0-7020-6338-1
2178:978-1-904455-03-5
2163:Cohen JI (2005).
2146:978-0-07-146633-2
2055:978-0-8239-2550-6
2018:978-1-4557-4987-4
1994:. 15 August 2023.
1795:978-0-7817-1993-3
1764:978-1-4200-7313-3
1574:Filatov's disease
1459:gastric carcinoma
1407:immunocompromised
1196:Valsalva maneuver
1109:Toxoplasma gondii
1054:Elevated hepatic
839:Toxoplasma gondii
769:incubation period
730:Toxoplasma gondii
582:Incubation period
517:adverse reactions
482:roof of the mouth
376:throat infections
247:Toxoplasma gondii
218:in the neck, and
202:), also known as
189:
188:
154:Diagnostic method
46:Medical condition
39:Pfeiffer syndrome
16:(Redirected from
5602:
5293:
5292:
5288:digestive system
5205:Orthomyxoviridae
5171:SARS coronavirus
5157:MERS coronavirus
5073:
5072:
4885:Orthomyxoviridae
4808:
4807:
4774:Immune disorders
4698:Hodgkin lymphoma
4674:Kaposi's sarcoma
4582:
4575:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4420:
4419:
4410:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4260:. Archived from
4250:
4244:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4228:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4123:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4082:
4065:(3): 1420ā1427.
4050:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4016:(3): 1840ā1847.
4001:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3974:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3918:(11): 1193ā205.
3907:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3880:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3831:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3718:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3536:
3519:(12): CD011487.
3504:
3498:
3497:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3414:
3389:(11): CD004402.
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3355:. Archived from
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3331:
3325:. Archived from
3292:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2965:
2959:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2874:
2868:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2834:
2810:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2774:
2757:(12): CD011487.
2740:
2729:
2722:
2716:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2432:
2399:
2398:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2287:
2272:Modern Pathology
2263:
2257:
2256:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2132:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2043:
2036:Smart P (1998).
2033:
2027:
2026:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1936:
1919:
1918:
1890:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1748:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1669:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1624:
1581:
1570:
1409:people are rare.
1378:thrombocytopenia
1366:Hemolytic anemia
1255:hemolytic anemia
993:immunoglobulin M
989:Immunoglobulin G
786:epithelial cells
525:erythema nodosum
462:enlarged tonsils
433:are common, and
306:developing world
287:pain medications
283:ongoing research
168:pain medications
119:Swelling of the
69:
49:
48:
21:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5525:
5505:
5413:
5387:Gastroenteritis
5345:
5342:Gastroenteritis
5336:
5324:Cytomegalovirus
5287:
5276:
5244:Paramyxoviridae
5233:Avian influenza
5109:
5104:Cytomegalovirus
5068:viral pneumonia
5066:
5063:nasopharyngitis
5062:
5059:
5050:
5014:
4988:Cytomegalovirus
4973:
4927:
4815:
4802:
4795:
4768:
4635:Cervical cancer
4595:
4586:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4488:
4487:
4431:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4388:
4386:
4368:
4364:
4309:
4305:
4280:
4276:
4267:
4265:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4222:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4144:
4137:
4100:
4096:
4051:
4047:
4002:
3998:
3951:
3947:
3908:
3904:
3849:
3845:
3808:
3804:
3757:
3753:
3675:
3673:
3665:ABIM Foundation
3661:Choosing Wisely
3652:
3645:
3634:
3618:
3614:
3605:
3603:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3554:
3550:
3505:
3501:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3448:
3446:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3375:
3371:
3362:
3360:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3238:. 4 August 2020
3232:"Mononucleosis"
3230:
3229:
3225:
3202:
3198:
3167:
3163:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3110:
3096:"Monospot Test"
3092:
3088:
3081:
3067:
3058:
3019:
3015:
3008:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2922:
2918:
2875:
2871:
2862:
2858:
2811:
2804:
2796:Larsen, Laura.
2795:
2788:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2719:
2713:Wayback Machine
2704:
2700:
2660:
2656:
2611:
2604:
2569:Human Pathology
2565:
2558:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2476:
2460:
2456:
2433:
2402:
2367:
2360:
2349:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2308:
2301:
2264:
2260:
2249:
2233:
2229:
2218:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2179:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2133:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2034:
2030:
2019:
2003:
1999:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1938:
1937:
1922:
1891:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1814:
1807:
1796:
1780:
1776:
1765:
1749:
1740:
1703:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1671:
1670:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1626:
1625:
1584:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1483:
1477:
1413:Splenic rupture
1321:
1305:
1239:corticosteroids
1212:
1204:weight training
1188:splenic rupture
1180:
1099:
1051:
981:
950:
944:
915:enlarged spleen
911:
879:
863:red blood cells
830:Cytomegalovirus
782:
780:Pathophysiology
758:
738:Viral hepatitis
727:
711:large intestine
646:
640:
638:Cytomegalovirus
612:
606:
601:
584:
571:
537:
435:abdominal pains
392:
368:
314:
302:developed world
232:splenic rupture
214:, sore throat,
204:glandular fever
102:, sore throat,
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5608:
5598:
5597:
5595:Medical triads
5592:
5587:
5582:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5547:
5539:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5515:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5491:
5479:
5467:
5455:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5305:
5303:
5290:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5119:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5081:
5079:
5070:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5028:
5026:
5024:Cardiovascular
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4983:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4805:
4803:nervous system
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4778:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4655:Vaginal cancer
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4562:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4537:
4520:
4509:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4474:
4463:
4448:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:Classification
4417:
4416:
4402:
4401:External links
4399:
4396:
4395:
4362:
4303:
4274:
4245:
4236:
4191:
4182:
4173:
4135:
4114:(17): 1512ā3.
4094:
4045:
3996:
3945:
3902:
3843:
3822:(5): 695ā696.
3802:
3767:(3): 263ā268.
3751:
3749:
3748:
3719:
3681:, which cites
3643:
3632:
3612:
3598:. 2010-09-09.
3583:
3558:J. Clin. Virol
3548:
3499:
3464:
3455:
3426:
3369:
3343:
3278:
3271:
3249:
3223:
3196:
3177:(2): 300ā304.
3161:
3118:
3086:
3079:
3056:
3029:(5): 631ā634.
3013:
3006:
2985:
2960:
2943:
2916:
2869:
2856:
2802:
2786:
2730:
2717:
2698:
2654:
2625:(1): 193ā209.
2602:
2556:
2527:(1): 106ā110.
2507:
2485:
2474:
2454:
2443:(7): 1279ā87.
2400:
2358:
2347:
2327:
2320:
2299:
2258:
2247:
2227:
2216:
2196:
2177:
2152:
2145:
2094:
2061:
2054:
2028:
2017:
1997:
1979:
1961:
1920:
1901:(14): 1502ā9.
1876:
1851:
1805:
1794:
1774:
1763:
1738:
1694:
1649:
1582:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1552:to the virus.
1476:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1455:nasopharyngeal
1436:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1410:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1359:
1320:
1317:
1304:
1301:
1243:hydrocortisone
1231:corticosteroid
1211:
1208:
1192:contact sports
1179:
1176:
1151:as treatment.
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1059:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
980:
977:
958:false-negative
946:Main article:
943:
940:
910:
907:
878:
875:
826:are produced.
792:(which causes
781:
778:
757:
754:
750:herpes simplex
732:, a parasitic
726:
723:
691:immune systems
642:Main article:
639:
636:
608:Main article:
605:
602:
600:
597:
583:
580:
570:
567:
536:
533:
423:
422:
415:Swollen glands
412:
406:
391:
388:
367:
364:
313:
310:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
164:
160:
159:
156:
150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
117:
111:
110:
97:
91:
90:
85:
79:
78:
71:
70:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5607:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5343:
5339:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5256:Parainfluenza
5254:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5129:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5092:EBV infection
5090:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5064:
5057:
5053:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:Poliomyelitis
4946:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4798:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4650:Vulvar cancer
4648:
4646:
4645:Penile cancer
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4576:
4571:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4323:(1): 94ā101.
4322:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4278:
4264:on 2019-06-19
4263:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4240:
4232:
4226:
4212:on 2014-01-11
4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4154:(3): 189ā95.
4153:
4149:
4142:
4140:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3863:(9): e12496.
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3693:(4): 309ā15.
3692:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3650:
3648:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3616:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3564:(3): 151ā57.
3563:
3559:
3552:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3480:(6): 543ā47.
3479:
3475:
3468:
3459:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3359:on 2009-05-15
3358:
3354:
3347:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:(4): 309ā15.
3300:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3253:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:Vox Sanguinis
3017:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2990:
2975:on 2010-01-28
2974:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2807:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2727:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:(4): 380ā91.
2670:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2495:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2304:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2200:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:(3): 325ā39.
1823:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1579:Who Named It?
1576:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:mononucleosis
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:Emil Pfeiffer
1492:
1488:
1482:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:complications
1316:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:streptococcus
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:dexamethasone
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:self-limiting
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1126:HIV infection
1122:
1120:
1116:
1115:toxoplasmosis
1111:
1110:
1105:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
996:
994:
990:
986:
976:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
949:
939:
937:
933:
928:
924:
920:
916:
906:
899:
891:
883:
874:
873:specificity.
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
844:toxoplasmosis
841:
840:
835:
831:
827:
825:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
777:
774:
770:
767:, and has an
766:
762:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:Herpesviridae
617:
611:
596:
594:
589:
579:
577:
566:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
535:Complications
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:feeling tired
420:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
400:
399:
397:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
363:
361:
357:
348:
340:
333:
330:
326:
318:
309:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
116:
115:Complications
112:
109:
106:in the neck,
105:
101:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
59:
55:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Mononucleosis
5549:
5542:
5518:
5511:Pancreatitis
5493:
5481:
5469:
5457:
5450:
5431:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5380:
5359:
5322:
5308:
5269:
5262:
5248:
5242:
5209:
5203:
5183:
5169:
5155:
5126:
5102:
5095:
5084:
5039:Pericarditis
5031:
5000:
4986:
4959:
4940:
4898:
4883:
4864:
4850:
4829:
4812:Encephalitis
4781:
4754:
4735:
4714:
4680:
4666:
4627:
4613:
4539:
4522:
4511:
4500:
4476:
4465:
4450:
4435:
4387:. Retrieved
4375:
4365:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4266:. Retrieved
4262:the original
4257:
4248:
4239:
4214:, retrieved
4210:the original
4204:
4194:
4185:
4176:
4151:
4147:
4111:
4107:
4097:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3962:
3958:
3948:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3727:
3723:
3690:
3686:
3674:, retrieved
3659:
3622:
3615:
3604:. Retrieved
3586:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3458:
3447:. Retrieved
3438:
3429:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3361:. Retrieved
3357:the original
3346:
3334:. Retrieved
3327:the original
3298:
3294:
3281:
3260:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3235:
3226:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3111:, retrieved
3099:
3089:
3070:
3026:
3022:
3016:
2997:
2977:. Retrieved
2973:the original
2963:
2950:
2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2919:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2864:
2859:
2822:
2818:
2797:
2754:
2748:
2725:
2720:
2701:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2622:
2618:
2572:
2568:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2488:
2464:
2457:
2440:
2436:
2378:
2374:
2337:
2330:
2311:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2237:
2230:
2206:
2199:
2187:. Retrieved
2168:
2136:
2085:. Retrieved
2074:
2064:
2039:
2031:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1943:
1898:
1894:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:
1854:
1821:
1817:
1784:
1777:
1753:
1717:(14): 1532.
1714:
1710:
1685:. Retrieved
1676:
1640:. Retrieved
1631:
1572:
1568:
1554:
1527:
1516:
1514:
1508:has several
1505:
1503:
1499:DrĆ¼senfieber
1498:
1491:balneologist
1484:
1469:
1423:pericarditis
1380:) can occur.
1340:encephalitis
1322:
1308:Splenomegaly
1306:
1287:). However,
1285:strep throat
1274:
1270:side effects
1266:valacyclovir
1259:
1213:
1181:
1153:
1130:
1123:
1107:
1100:
1056:transaminase
1043:
982:
970:
951:
912:
904:
852:
837:
828:
814:
810:Downey cells
783:
759:
756:Transmission
728:
725:Other causes
654:herpes virus
647:
613:
585:
572:
569:Older adults
556:
538:
501:morbilliform
490:
474:strep throat
455:
424:
393:
369:
353:
299:
277:There is no
276:
245:
236:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:
43:
5408:Coronavirus
5149:Common cold
5061:acute viral
5044:Myocarditis
4888:(probable)
4640:Anal cancer
4513:MedlinePlus
3730:(1): 45ā9.
2076:MedicineNet
1864:Mayo Clinic
1538:Yvonne Barr
1487:Nil Filatov
1419:Myocarditis
1370:Coombs test
1362:Hematologic
1303:Observation
1293:amoxicillin
1215:Paracetamol
1210:Medications
1168:common cold
1160:tonsillitis
1149:amoxicillin
1137:pharyngitis
1067:lymphocytes
1049:Other tests
821:heterophile
794:pharyngitis
674:breast milk
624:DNA viruses
521:penicillins
509:amoxicillin
458:pharyngitis
409:Sore throat
396:adolescence
384:tonsillitis
380:pharyngitis
332:pharyngitis
291:paracetamol
234:may occur.
172:paracetamol
57:Other names
32:Monocytosis
5574:Categories
5535:Urogenital
5401:Astrovirus
5361:Adenovirus
5185:SARS-CoV-2
4942:Poliovirus
4817:meningitis
4541:Patient UK
4478:DiseasesDB
4389:2019-01-04
4268:2019-01-04
4216:2015-06-28
3606:2010-09-09
3449:2006-07-10
3363:2009-09-11
3113:2023-06-15
3100:StatPearls
2979:2010-02-08
2936:2016-11-19
1869:5 February
1560:References
1550:antibodies
1374:cytopenias
1344:hemiplegia
1336:meningitis
1289:ampicillin
1241:, usually
1227:Prednisone
1221:, such as
1164:diphtheria
1145:ampicillin
1141:adenopathy
1063:blood film
1024:infection.
985:antibodies
962:antibodies
834:adenovirus
824:antibodies
773:contagious
742:adenovirus
687:transplant
622:family of
513:ampicillin
484:. Palatal
451:body aches
264:antibodies
5446:RNA virus
5427:DNA virus
5419:Hepatitis
5394:Norovirus
5382:Rotavirus
5376:RNA virus
5355:DNA virus
5301:Esophagus
5229:Influenza
5115:RNA virus
5077:DNA virus
4846:RNA virus
4825:DNA virus
4731:RNA virus
4609:DNA virus
4601:Oncovirus
4529:emerg/319
4524:eMedicine
4384:0362-4331
3781:1040-8703
3403:1469-493X
3242:11 August
2957:eMedicine
2575:: 18ā41.
1954:10 August
1687:10 August
1532:cells by
1504:The word
1451:lymphomas
1425:are rare.
1403:Fulminant
1390:Hepatitis
1319:Prognosis
1262:aciclovir
1223:ibuprofen
1178:Treatment
1172:influenza
1083:monocytes
954:sensitive
932:petechiae
877:Diagnosis
734:protozoon
719:monocytes
703:esophagus
695:pneumonia
478:petechiae
431:Headaches
329:Exudative
304:. In the
295:ibuprofen
243:protozoon
182:Frequency
176:ibuprofen
163:Treatment
134:2ā4 weeks
83:Specialty
5544:BK virus
5347:diarrhea
5191:COVID-19
4933:Myelitis
4532:med/1499
4225:citation
4200:Elsevier
4130:10469761
4089:17991806
4040:12525618
3991:29358936
3965:: 1902.
3940:36546018
3932:17049016
3897:20824132
3857:PLOS ONE
3838:18474702
3797:20566820
3789:10836164
3744:15615949
3715:23780443
3707:18614881
3670:archived
3638:Archived
3600:Archived
3578:20739216
3543:27933614
3494:10680982
3443:Archived
3421:26558642
3323:23780443
3315:18614881
3218:21047028
3191:20093240
3156:25008261
3108:30969561
3051:30926697
2930:Archived
2911:11827600
2851:32296651
2781:27933614
2709:Archived
2685:11332662
2649:21233512
2597:47010934
2589:29885408
2551:16695521
2480:Archived
2449:15508538
2395:20505178
2353:Archived
2294:23281438
2253:Archived
2222:Archived
2183:Archived
2081:Archived
2023:Archived
1948:Archived
1915:27115266
1846:22970983
1800:Archived
1769:Archived
1733:27115282
1681:Archived
1636:Archived
1415:is rare.
1399:is rare.
1385:jaundice
1368:(direct
1323:Serious
1156:leukemia
979:Serology
966:antigens
956:(with a
923:axillary
919:cervical
593:preceded
576:jaundice
563:lymphoma
552:Jaundice
486:enanthem
443:vomiting
366:Children
360:symptoms
289:such as
272:monospot
170:such as
131:Duration
95:Symptoms
5297:Pharynx
4801:Central
4535:ped/705
4472:D007244
4357:5242134
4325:Bibcode
4168:4363554
4080:2214734
3982:5766650
3888:2931696
3865:Bibcode
3829:2377232
3676:29 July
3534:6463965
3412:7047551
3336:18 June
3148:1473440
3043:5864820
2952:ped/705
2903:8710247
2842:7136410
2825:: 130.
2772:6463965
2693:7700827
2640:3021204
2189:18 June
2087:18 June
1642:Aug 10,
1540:at the
1475:History
1439:Cancers
1235:tonsils
1198:(as in
1174:(flu).
934:in the
817:chronic
806:T cells
798:B cells
790:pharynx
788:in the
746:rubella
628:viruses
505:papular
497:macular
470:exudate
447:malaise
279:vaccine
220:fatigue
108:fatigue
4961:HTLV-I
4906:Rabies
4756:HTLV-I
4518:000591
4502:Curlie
4382:
4355:
4348:286007
4345:
4166:
4128:
4087:
4077:
4038:
4031:140987
4028:
3989:
3979:
3938:
3930:
3895:
3885:
3836:
3826:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3742:
3713:
3705:
3630:
3576:
3541:
3531:
3492:
3419:
3409:
3401:
3321:
3313:
3269:
3216:
3189:
3154:
3146:
3106:
3077:
3049:
3041:
3004:
2909:
2901:
2849:
2839:
2779:
2769:
2691:
2683:
2647:
2637:
2595:
2587:
2549:
2542:439479
2539:
2500:23 Sep
2472:
2447:
2393:
2345:
2318:
2292:
2245:
2214:
2175:
2143:
2052:
2015:
1913:
1844:
1838:217270
1836:
1792:
1761:
1731:
1510:senses
1350:, and
1219:NSAIDs
1200:rowing
1124:Acute
1075:nuclei
936:palate
925:, and
871:anti-i
765:saliva
748:, and
713:, and
699:retina
658:saliva
632:saliva
439:nausea
378:(mild
252:saliva
228:spleen
147:saliva
139:Causes
125:spleen
5557:Mumps
5316:Mumps
5286:Human
4716:MCPyV
4059:Blood
3936:S2CID
3793:S2CID
3711:S2CID
3439:WebMD
3330:(PDF)
3319:S2CID
3291:(PDF)
3152:S2CID
3047:S2CID
2907:S2CID
2689:S2CID
2593:S2CID
1992:MS-UK
1842:S2CID
1383:Mild
1253:, or
1119:fetus
857:, an
715:brain
707:liver
678:virus
670:tears
666:blood
662:urine
599:Cause
503:) or
464:with
437:with
403:Fever
356:signs
260:blood
256:semen
224:liver
212:fever
121:liver
100:Fever
5271:hMPV
5143:OC43
5139:HKU1
5135:NL63
5131:229E
4789:AIDS
4668:KSHV
4483:4387
4467:MeSH
4456:9-CM
4380:ISSN
4353:PMID
4231:link
4164:PMID
4126:PMID
4085:PMID
4036:PMID
3987:PMID
3928:PMID
3893:PMID
3834:PMID
3785:PMID
3777:ISSN
3740:PMID
3703:PMID
3678:2014
3628:ISBN
3574:PMID
3539:PMID
3517:2016
3490:PMID
3417:PMID
3399:ISSN
3387:2015
3338:2013
3311:PMID
3267:ISBN
3244:2021
3214:PMID
3187:PMID
3144:PMID
3104:PMID
3075:ISBN
3039:PMID
3002:ISBN
2899:PMID
2847:PMID
2777:PMID
2755:2016
2681:PMID
2645:PMID
2585:PMID
2547:PMID
2502:2020
2470:ISBN
2445:PMID
2391:PMID
2343:ISBN
2316:ISBN
2290:PMID
2243:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2191:2013
2173:ISBN
2141:ISBN
2089:2013
2050:ISBN
2013:ISBN
1956:2016
1911:PMID
1895:JAMA
1871:2020
1834:PMID
1790:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1729:PMID
1711:JAMA
1689:2016
1644:2016
1536:and
1457:and
1449:and
1421:and
1291:and
1264:and
1229:, a
1170:and
1139:and
1106:and
836:and
802:CD21
527:and
493:rash
468:āan
358:and
354:The
200:mono
5551:MuV
5520:CBV
5495:HEV
5483:HDV
5471:HCV
5459:HAV
5452:CBV
5433:HBV
5310:MuV
5241:V,
5033:CBV
5002:HSV
4979:Eye
4866:LCV
4852:MeV
4783:HIV
4737:HCV
4682:EBV
4629:HPV
4615:HBV
4461:075
4452:ICD
4446:B27
4437:ICD
4343:PMC
4333:doi
4294:doi
4290:355
4156:doi
4152:267
4116:doi
4075:PMC
4067:doi
4063:111
4026:PMC
4018:doi
3977:PMC
3967:doi
3920:doi
3883:PMC
3873:doi
3824:PMC
3769:doi
3732:doi
3728:184
3695:doi
3566:doi
3529:PMC
3521:doi
3482:doi
3407:PMC
3391:doi
3303:doi
3179:doi
3175:133
3136:doi
3031:doi
2955:at
2891:doi
2837:PMC
2827:doi
2767:PMC
2759:doi
2673:doi
2635:PMC
2627:doi
2577:doi
2537:PMC
2529:doi
2383:doi
2379:362
2280:doi
1944:CDC
1903:doi
1899:315
1826:doi
1822:276
1719:doi
1715:315
1677:CDC
1632:CDC
1577:at
1332:CNS
1245:or
1202:or
1147:or
1061:By
973:CDC
819:),
812:).
683:HIV
519:to
511:or
466:pus
441:or
394:In
386:).
372:flu
258:or
226:or
123:or
5576::
5247::
5208::
5202:,
5125::
5123:IV
4900:RV
4591:ā
4544::
4527::
4516::
4505::
4481::
4470::
4459::
4444::
4441:10
4378:.
4374:.
4351:.
4341:.
4331:.
4321:59
4319:.
4315:.
4288:.
4256:.
4227:}}
4223:{{
4202:,
4162:.
4150:.
4138:^
4124:.
4112:91
4110:.
4106:.
4083:.
4073:.
4061:.
4057:.
4034:.
4024:.
4014:77
4012:.
4008:.
3985:.
3975:.
3961:.
3957:.
3934:.
3926:.
3914:.
3891:.
3881:.
3871:.
3859:.
3855:.
3832:.
3820:54
3818:.
3814:.
3791:.
3783:.
3775:.
3765:12
3763:.
3738:.
3726:.
3709:.
3701:.
3691:18
3689:.
3658:,
3646:^
3636:.
3594:.
3572:.
3562:49
3560:.
3537:.
3527:.
3515:.
3511:.
3488:.
3478:31
3476:.
3437:.
3415:.
3405:.
3397:.
3385:.
3381:.
3317:.
3309:.
3299:18
3297:.
3293:.
3234:.
3210:21
3208:.
3185:.
3173:.
3150:.
3142:.
3132:37
3130:.
3098:,
3059:^
3045:.
3037:.
3027:10
3025:.
2988:^
2905:.
2897:.
2887:21
2885:.
2881:.
2845:.
2835:.
2823:10
2821:.
2817:.
2805:^
2789:^
2775:.
2765:.
2753:.
2747:.
2733:^
2687:.
2679:.
2669:20
2667:.
2643:.
2633:.
2623:24
2621:.
2617:.
2605:^
2591:.
2583:.
2573:79
2571:.
2559:^
2545:.
2535:.
2525:27
2523:.
2519:.
2478:.
2441:70
2439:.
2403:^
2389:.
2377:.
2373:.
2361:^
2351:.
2302:^
2288:.
2276:26
2274:.
2270:.
2251:.
2220:.
2181:.
2155:^
2097:^
2073:.
2048:.
2046:11
2021:.
1990:.
1972:.
1942:.
1923:^
1909:.
1897:.
1879:^
1862:.
1840:.
1832:.
1820:.
1808:^
1798:.
1767:.
1741:^
1727:.
1713:.
1709:.
1697:^
1675:.
1652:^
1630:.
1585:^
1525:.
1445:,
1364::
1346:,
1342:,
1338:,
1257:.
1166:,
1162:,
1158:,
1121:.
1088:A
968:.
938:.
921:,
832:,
744:,
740:,
721:.
709:,
705:,
701:,
685:,
672:,
668:,
664:,
660:,
565:.
550:.
429:.
297:.
198:,
196:IM
5502:)
5500:E
5498:(
5490:)
5488:D
5486:(
5478:)
5476:C
5474:(
5466:)
5464:A
5462:(
5440:)
5438:B
5436:(
5389:)
5385:(
5344:/
5299:/
5231:/
5223:D
5221:/
5219:C
5217:/
5215:B
5213:/
5200:V
5141:/
5137:/
5133:/
5094:/
5065:/
5058:/
4814:/
4581:e
4574:t
4567:v
4454:-
4439:-
4429:D
4392:.
4359:.
4335::
4327::
4300:.
4296::
4271:.
4233:)
4170:.
4158::
4132:.
4118::
4091:.
4069::
4042:.
4020::
3993:.
3969::
3963:8
3942:.
3922::
3916:6
3899:.
3875::
3867::
3861:5
3840:.
3799:.
3771::
3746:.
3734::
3717:.
3697::
3609:.
3580:.
3568::
3545:.
3523::
3496:.
3484::
3452:.
3423:.
3393::
3366:.
3340:.
3305::
3275:.
3246:.
3220:.
3193:.
3181::
3158:.
3138::
3083:.
3053:.
3033::
3010:.
2982:.
2939:.
2913:.
2893::
2853:.
2829::
2783:.
2761::
2695:.
2675::
2651:.
2629::
2599:.
2579::
2553:.
2531::
2504:.
2451:.
2397:.
2385::
2324:.
2296:.
2282::
2193:.
2149:.
2091:.
2058:.
1958:.
1917:.
1905::
1873:.
1848:.
1828::
1735:.
1721::
1691:.
1646:.
1461:.
1358:.
1283:(
842:(
499:(
194:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
