38:
219:
651:
638:, which was impossible at the low resolution of CGA or the fixed character set of MDA. It could address individual pixels, and displayed a black and white picture of 720 × 348 pixels. This resolution was superior to the CGA card, yet offered pixel-addressable graphics, so despite lacking color capability, the Hercules adapter's offer of high resolution bitmap graphics combined with MDA-grade text quality made it a popular choice, which was even shipped with many
1293:
557:
786:
1301:
493:
615:
more popular than CGA for business applications. The higher resolution of MDA's text and inclusion of a printer port made it more appealing for the business applications that were the focus of the original PC. However, dissatisfaction with its limitations quickly led to third parties releasing competing hardware.
211:
614:
The author of an internal IBM publication stated in
October 1981 that he had planned to purchase the CGA adapter but changed his mind after seeing its poor display quality. Describing MDA as beautiful, he observed that "you stare at text a whole lot more than you stare at color graphics". MDA was
275:
characters from (32-126), and the 33 ASCII control codes (0-31 and 127) are replaced with printable graphic symbols. It also includes another 128 characters (128-255) like the aforementioned characters for drawing forms. Some of these shapes appear in
Unicode as
249:
of the MDA is 720 × 350 pixels, if the dimensions of all character cells are added up, but the MDA cannot address individual pixels to take full advantage of this resolution. Each character cell can be set to one of 256 bitmap characters stored in
396:
pins, theoretically allowing an 8-color display with a suitable monitor. The registers also allow the monochrome mode to be set on and off. No (widely) published software exists to actually control the feature.
242:, of which 7 × 11 depicts the character itself and the other pixels provide space between character columns and lines. Some characters, such as the lowercase "m", are rendered eight pixels across.
543:
and the
Windows debugger permitted the simultaneous use of an MDA and another graphics card, with the MDA displaying a debugger interface while the other card was showing the primary display.
295:
swaps the foreground and background colors, while blinking causes text to flash periodically. Some of these attributes can be combined, so that e.g. bright, underlined text can be rendered.
507:, and in fact could be installed alongside the CGA in the same computer. A command included with PC DOS permitted switching the primary display between the CGA and MDA cards.
811:
1832:
1283:
There are four possible combinations of values for the 'Intensity' and 'Video' pins, but not all monitors will display them as four distinct intensity levels.
1341:
861:
1810:
3047:
920:
598:, which resulted in having the bus bandwidth cut by up to 75%. If the monochrome card was added to the PC as a second card besides a normal
1839:
17:
569:
1929:
1924:
1892:
1647:
946:
510:
Because of the lack of pixel-addressable graphics, MDA owners were unable to play PC games released with graphics support. However,
1449:
1334:
1229:
622:. Introduced in 1982, it offered both an MDA-compatible high resolution text mode and a monochrome graphics mode. The founder of
522:, requires MDA. Box-drawing characters made the production of rudimentary graphics practical for early PC game titles, including
1247:
1762:
1717:
1444:
1174:
1880:
1803:
1707:
1692:
1561:
1546:
1531:
1266:
1612:
1556:
1541:
1526:
3037:
3027:
1587:
1521:
1481:
1592:
1414:
1327:
898:
2862:
1747:
974:
1652:
2903:
1402:
37:
1796:
574:
389:
1772:
1752:
1732:
1712:
1672:
1667:
2954:
2131:
1757:
1742:
1727:
1687:
1657:
1627:
1622:
1597:
1566:
1551:
1737:
1697:
1642:
1637:
1617:
1607:
1536:
1777:
1677:
1662:
1516:
1461:
1632:
1902:
623:
218:
283:
There are several attribute values - bit flags that can be set on each character on the screen. These are
3032:
2146:
2141:
2136:
238:
use with its sharp, high-resolution characters. Each character is rendered in a box of 9 × 14
2981:
2908:
2069:
1491:
1420:
661:
MDA cards used a DE-9 output port intended for a digital TTL monitor, like the IBM monochrome monitor.
2898:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2193:
1496:
1408:
1350:
1192:
1078:
817:
148:
111:
2867:
1919:
1887:
1870:
856:
231:
3042:
2923:
1962:
1952:
1455:
840:
602:
card for debugging purposes, this resulted in slow VGA performance. Microsoft recommended in its
2363:
2358:
1154:
2986:
2893:
2796:
2186:
1506:
1396:
1378:
1372:
1016:
835:
830:
794:
619:
504:
107:
1128:
265:, obtaining a low resolution 80 × 25 "pixels" screen, based on character positions.
2181:
1875:
1384:
277:
2218:
990:
2913:
2099:
2094:
2007:
2002:
1501:
1426:
845:
681:
8:
2829:
166:
which can display 80 columns by 25 lines of high-resolution text characters or
606:(1994) to remove the monochrome card in such a setup for maximum speed of the VGA card.
594:
A typical 8-bit monochrome card could turn the 16-bit 8 MHz ISA bus into an 8-bit 4 MHz
388:
Early versions of the MDA board have hardware capable of outputting red, green and blue
2959:
2173:
1579:
1473:
255:
246:
144:
3001:
2949:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2732:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2654:
2608:
2540:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2064:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1390:
970:
639:
156:
2213:
1212:
1042:
IBM Personal
Computer Hardware Library: Technical Reference (Revised edition, 1983).
2974:
2969:
2702:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2393:
2373:
2368:
2353:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2208:
2203:
2198:
1602:
528:
1103:
626:, Van Suwannukul, created the Hercules Graphics Card so that he could work on his
2964:
2839:
1194:
Writing HOT Games for
Microsoft Windows – The Microsoft Game Developers' Handbook
805:
725:
627:
515:
235:
420:
to 1/3 luminance), but the actual display of these levels is monitor-dependent:
2225:
654:
393:
191:
797:, although with differences on how attributes are displayed or the font used.
650:
94:
IBM MDA, Control
Systems Artist 1, Hitachi HD6845SP, UMC UM6845
3021:
2074:
1766:
1721:
1319:
1060:
866:
635:
292:
268:
258:
199:
183:
84:
77:
894:
202:
for attachment of a printer, avoiding the need to purchase a separate card.
2872:
2857:
2598:
2593:
2084:
736:
413:
223:
167:
2834:
2230:
2089:
1897:
1788:
715:
254:
on the card, and this character set cannot be altered from the built-in
3006:
2079:
2037:
1576:
1358:
160:
2944:
2044:
1511:
1438:
850:
536:
511:
262:
163:
1230:"IBM's EGA Unified Backward-Compatible CGA, MDA, Hercules Standards"
2996:
2939:
2918:
2240:
2126:
2121:
2059:
2054:
2049:
1957:
1947:
1914:
1865:
1486:
1432:
1267:"High-Resolution Standard is Latest Step in DOS Graphics Evolution"
523:
496:
210:
195:
179:
785:
776:: Monochrome, with 2 to 4 intensity levels (depending on monitor)
540:
271:
has 256 characters (0-255), including the standard 95 printable
1909:
631:
595:
152:
492:
2991:
1701:
1681:
1248:"The Resolution Time Line: Additional Pixels Enhance Quality"
272:
239:
400:
It is also possible to combine the values of output pins 7 (
234:'s display system, and was intended to support business and
285:
invisible, underline, normal, bright (bold), reverse video,
1819:
599:
251:
187:
140:
1175:"The AT's Shortcomings Force Single-Monitor Programming"
993:. minus zero degrees (-0º) IBM 51xx PC Family Computers
535:
Another use for the MDA was as a secondary display for
789:
MDA Video card with
Hitachi HD6845 (= Motorola MC6845)
1021:
minus zero degrees (-0º) IBM 51xx PC Family
Computers
499:
monitor driven by a
Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA)
1204:
888:
886:
884:
882:
1210:
1200:. Microsoft Windows Multimedia. 1994. p. 17.
918:
862:List of defunct graphics chips and card companies
261:. The only way to simulate "graphics" is through
3019:
42:IBM PC original MDA and parallel printer adapter
967:Programmer's Guide To PC And PS/2 Video Systems
879:
1349:
1126:
155:introduced in 1981. The MDA does not have any
1804:
1335:
1120:
745:The signal had the following specifications:
912:
1214:IBM Personal Computer Questions and Answers
566:needs attention from an expert in Computing
27:IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
1818:
1811:
1797:
1342:
1328:
1162:. Compuware Corporation. 1998. p. 12.
1079:"RGB Classic Games - Character attributes"
948:IBM Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter
36:
958:
784:
649:
491:
217:
209:
1264:
1101:
1058:
892:
604:Writing HOT Games for Microsoft Windows
503:The MDA was released alongside the IBM
14:
3048:Computer-related introductions in 1981
3020:
1227:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
964:
577:may be able to help recruit an expert.
222:Image rendered in MDA text mode using
133:Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter
1792:
1323:
1172:
1228:Gibson, Steve (September 19, 1988).
1104:"Dual-Head operation on vintage PCs"
1038:
1036:
1011:
1009:
1007:
983:
919:Bradley, David J. (September 1990).
550:
520:One Hundred And One Monochrome Mazes
514:were released for the PC (including
408:to generate four brightness levels.
1045:
895:"Monochrome Display Adapter: Notes"
24:
2868:ThinkPad 240 with Transmeta Crusoe
1061:"Monochrome Display Adapter Notes"
178:The original IBM MDA was an 8-bit
173:
25:
3059:
1840:PC business acquisition by Lenovo
1033:
1004:
645:
186:display controller, 4 KB of
2904:Professional Graphics Controller
1102:Elliott, John (April 24, 2011).
555:
168:symbols useful for drawing forms
1286:
1277:
1258:
1240:
1221:
1185:
1166:
1147:
1095:
969:. Microsoft Press. p. 51.
901:from the original on 2016-11-23
893:Elliott, John C. (2005-11-06).
780:
546:
518:) and at least one game, IBM's
205:
2955:Industry Standard Architecture
1265:Ponting, Bob (June 26, 1989).
1173:Glass, Brett (April 1, 1991).
1071:
1059:Elliott, John (June 8, 2020).
939:
853:(only in very early MDA cards)
665:MDA connector pin assignments
159:graphics modes, only a single
13:
1:
1127:Manes, Stephen (1984-01-24).
872:
618:A well known example was the
245:The theoretical total screen
1359:PC-compatible video hardware
921:"The Creation of the IBM PC"
624:Hercules Computer Technology
609:
392:on the normally unconnected
7:
1254:. May 16, 1989. p. 96.
1129:"It's Not Easy Being Green"
824:
214:Characters of code page 437
53:; 43 years ago
10:
3064:
3038:Computer display standards
3028:Monochrome Display Adapter
2909:Multi-Color Graphics Array
2889:Monochrome Display Adapter
1833:Influence on the PC market
1351:Computer display standards
1211:Dievendorff, Dick (1981).
991:"IBM 5150 - early version"
121:Monochrome Display Adapter
31:Monochrome Display Adapter
18:Monochrome Display Adapter
2932:
2899:Enhanced Graphics Adapter
2881:
2850:
2822:
2789:
2731:
2653:
2607:
2539:
2511:
2452:
2402:
2382:
2342:
2292:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2166:
2157:
2114:
1940:
1858:
1849:
1827:
1575:
1471:
1357:
818:Tamarack Microelectronics
428:
425:
230:The MDA was based on the
194:intended for use with an
149:computer display standard
112:Enhanced Graphics Adapter
103:
98:
90:
83:
73:
65:
47:
35:
965:Wilton, Richard (1987).
857:List of video connectors
526:games or titles such as
232:IBM System/23 Datamaster
2924:Extended Graphics Array
1108:John Elliott's homepage
1083:www.classicdosgames.com
1065:John Elliott's homepage
841:Orchid Graphics Adapter
793:Other boards offer MDA
657:, looking at back of PC
2894:Color Graphics Adapter
1017:"IBM: MDA / CGA / EGA"
836:Color Graphics Adapter
831:Hercules Graphics Card
790:
658:
620:Hercules Graphics Card
505:Color Graphics Adapter
500:
487:
278:box-drawing characters
227:
215:
196:IBM monochrome monitor
108:Hercules Graphics Card
2194:PS/2 Note and PS/note
788:
758:: 720 × 350
653:
575:WikiProject Computing
495:
221:
213:
2914:Video Graphics Array
846:Green-screen display
762:Horizontal frequency
539:. Applications like
394:DE-9 video connector
1953:Industrial Computer
1580:display resolutions
1474:display resolutions
666:
441:6 – High intensity
412:corresponds to 2/3
32:
3033:IBM video hardware
2987:Music Feature Card
1822:personal computers
1217:. IBM. p. 25.
927:. pp. 414–420
791:
768:Vertical frequency
664:
659:
501:
426:Output pin values
256:hardware code page
247:display resolution
228:
216:
145:video display card
30:
3015:
3014:
2950:IBM PC compatible
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2505:
2504:
2162:
2110:
2109:
1786:
1785:
764:: 18.432 kHz
743:
742:
592:
591:
485:
484:
386:
385:
381:Invisible reverse
377:Invisible reverse
157:pixel-addressable
117:
116:
16:(Redirected from
3055:
2863:Power Series 600
2509:
2508:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2164:
2163:
2161:
1856:
1855:
1842:
1835:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1304:on June 29, 2014
1300:. Archived from
1290:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
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1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1099:
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1092:
1090:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1056:
1043:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1013:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
987:
981:
980:
962:
956:
955:
953:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
916:
910:
909:
907:
906:
890:
667:
663:
587:
584:
578:
559:
558:
551:
529:Castle Adventure
423:
422:
382:
372:
362:
359:Bright underline
353:Bright underline
348:
336:
324:
314:
298:
297:
192:DE-9 output port
61:
59:
54:
40:
33:
29:
21:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
2928:
2877:
2846:
2830:Palm Top PC 110
2810:
2801:
2785:
2727:
2649:
2603:
2535:
2501:
2448:
2419:701 "Butterfly"
2398:
2378:
2338:
2288:
2235:
2153:
2106:
1936:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1787:
1782:
1571:
1467:
1353:
1348:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1263:
1259:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1226:
1222:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1057:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1005:
996:
994:
989:
988:
984:
977:
963:
959:
951:
945:
944:
940:
930:
928:
917:
913:
904:
902:
891:
880:
875:
827:
812:Control Systems
783:
726:Horizontal sync
648:
628:doctoral thesis
612:
588:
582:
579:
573:
560:
556:
549:
516:text adventures
490:
430:
380:
370:
356:
344:
332:
322:
312:
236:word processing
208:
176:
174:Hardware design
57:
55:
52:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3043:Graphics cards
3040:
3035:
3030:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2960:IntelliStation
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2882:Video hardware
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
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2832:
2826:
2824:
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2816:
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2811:
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2791:
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2783:
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2743:
2737:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
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2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
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2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
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2523:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
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2458:
2456:
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2449:
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2416:
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2400:
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2371:
2366:
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2356:
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2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2219:Model 425/425C
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2137:PS/2 portables
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:list of models
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1881:list of models
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1853:
1852:and all-in-one
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
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1298:vgamuseum.info
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752:: Digital, TTL
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655:DE-9 connector
647:
646:Specifications
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512:textmode games
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2982:Micro Channel
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2019:
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1859:Single models
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1273:. p. 48.
1272:
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1236:. p. 49.
1235:
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1196:
1195:
1188:
1181:. p. 62.
1180:
1176:
1169:
1158:
1157:
1156:Using SoftICE
1150:
1135:. p. 391
1134:
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976:1-55615-103-9
972:
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868:
867:VGA text mode
865:
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844:
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839:
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834:
832:
829:
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800:
799:
798:
796:
795:compatibility
787:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
746:
738:
737:Vertical sync
735:
732:
731:
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724:
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669:
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643:
641:
637:
636:Thai alphabet
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
607:
605:
601:
597:
586:
583:December 2023
576:
571:
567:
564:This article
562:
553:
552:
544:
542:
538:
533:
531:
530:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
498:
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435:
434:
424:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
395:
391:
379:
376:
375:
371:Reverse video
369:
367:Reverse video
366:
365:
361:
360:
355:
352:
351:
347:
343:
340:
339:
335:
331:
328:
327:
321:
318:
317:
311:
308:
307:
303:
300:
299:
296:
294:
293:Reverse video
290:
286:
281:
279:
274:
270:
269:Code page 437
266:
264:
260:
257:
253:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
225:
220:
212:
203:
201:
200:parallel port
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:Motorola 6845
181:
171:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
113:
109:
106:
102:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79:
78:Motorola 6845
76:
72:
68:
64:
50:
46:
39:
34:
19:
2888:
2454:Power Series
2404:
2384:
2344:
2294:
2259:
2178:PS/2 Laptop
2167:pre-ThinkPad
1778:15360 × 8640
1366:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:the original
1297:
1294:"VGA Legacy"
1288:
1279:
1270:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1206:
1193:
1187:
1178:
1168:
1155:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1132:
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1064:
1024:. Retrieved
1020:
995:. Retrieved
985:
966:
960:
947:
941:
929:. Retrieved
924:
914:
903:. Retrieved
792:
781:Clone boards
773:
770:: 50 Hz
767:
761:
755:
749:
744:
660:
617:
613:
603:
593:
580:
572:for details.
565:
547:Disadvantage
534:
527:
519:
509:
502:
436:
417:
409:
405:
401:
399:
387:
358:
357:
345:
333:
288:
284:
282:
267:
244:
229:
224:semigraphics
206:Capabilities
177:
143:'s standard
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
118:
74:Architecture
66:Discontinued
48:Release date
2174:Convertible
2132:Portable PC
2090:ThinkCentre
1385:Plantronics
1252:PC Magazine
1133:PC Magazine
568:. See the
431:brightness
406:Intensity),
390:TTL signals
91:Entry-level
3022:Categories
3007:ThinkLight
2851:Prototypes
2226:PS/55 Note
2065:ValuePoint
1871:DataMaster
1577:Widescreen
1139:24 October
1113:2020-08-16
1088:2022-05-06
1026:2022-11-17
997:2014-08-30
905:2016-11-23
873:References
756:Resolution
707:Intensity
634:using the
301:Attribute
161:monochrome
2965:Keyboards
2945:IBM BASIC
2797:TransNote
2075:PC Series
1773:7680×4800
1763:7680×4320
1758:6400×4800
1753:6400×4096
1748:5760×3240
1743:5120×3200
1738:5120×2880
1733:3840×2400
1728:3200×2400
1718:3840×2160
1713:3200×2048
1708:2560×1600
1698:2560×1440
1693:2048×1152
1688:1920×1200
1678:1920×1080
1673:1680×1050
1567:6400×4800
1562:5120×4096
1557:4096×3072
1552:3200×2400
1547:2560×2048
1542:2048×1536
1537:1600×1200
1532:1400×1050
1527:1280×1024
1472:Standard
1391:Quadcolor
1271:InfoWorld
1234:InfoWorld
1179:InfoWorld
851:Light pen
699:Not used
673:Function
610:Reception
570:talk page
537:debugging
437:7 – Video
429:Displayed
418:Intensity
414:luminance
334:Underline
329:Underline
313:Invisible
309:Invisible
263:ASCII art
164:text mode
104:Successor
3002:UltraBay
2940:IBM 5151
2919:IBM 8514
2873:WatchPad
2858:Leapfrog
2823:Handheld
2733:R series
2655:X series
2609:A series
2541:T series
2513:G series
2241:ThinkPad
2115:Portable
2100:M series
2095:A series
2085:NetVista
2060:EduQuest
1668:1680×945
1663:1600×900
1658:1440×900
1653:1366×900
1648:1366×768
1643:1280×800
1638:1280×768
1633:1280×720
1628:1024×576
1522:1152×864
1517:1024×768
1308:June 28,
899:Archived
825:See also
820:TD3088A3
814:Artist 1
804:Amstrad
524:BBS door
497:IBM 5151
304:Display
289:blinking
198:, and a
180:ISA card
151:for the
129:MDA card
2997:SurePOS
2975:Model M
2970:Model F
2933:Related
2835:WorkPad
2231:PCradio
2187:CL57 SX
1930:3270 AT
1898:3270 PC
1850:Desktop
1623:854×480
1618:800×480
1613:640×400
1608:480×320
1603:480×270
1598:432×240
1593:320×240
1588:240×160
1512:800×600
1507:720×348
1502:640×480
1497:640×350
1492:640×200
1487:320×200
1482:160×120
931:2 April
801:3270 PC
696:3, 4, 5
691:Ground
541:SoftICE
404:and 6 (
182:with a
127:, also
99:History
56: (
2790:Others
2407:series
2387:series
2347:series
2297:series
2262:series
2214:N51SLC
2182:L40 SX
2158:Laptop
2080:Aptiva
2028:70 486
2023:70 386
1988:30 286
1973:25 286
1941:Series
1925:AT/370
1903:XT 286
1893:XT/370
1767:8K UHD
1722:4K UHD
1464:(1991)
1458:(1990)
1452:(1989)
1445:AX-VGA
1441:(1987)
1435:(1987)
1429:(1987)
1423:(1987)
1417:(1987)
1411:(1984)
1405:(1984)
1399:(1984)
1393:(1983)
1387:(1982)
1381:(1982)
1375:(1981)
1369:(1981)
973:
954:. IBM.
808:/ PC20
774:Colors
682:Ground
640:clones
632:IBM PC
630:on an
596:PC bus
402:Video)
346:Bright
341:Bright
323:Normal
319:Normal
240:pixels
226:blocks
153:IBM PC
2992:Mwave
2364:555BJ
2359:550BJ
2209:N51SX
2204:N45SL
2199:N33SX
2070:Ambra
2045:PS/55
2018:65 SX
2008:55 LS
2003:55 SX
1978:25 SX
1920:PC AT
1888:PC XT
1682:1080p
1397:Tandy
1198:(PDF)
1160:(PDF)
952:(PDF)
716:Video
410:Video
273:ASCII
139:) is
85:Cards
2723:X61t
2718:X60t
2646:A31p
2643:A30p
2634:A22p
2631:A21p
2628:A20p
2625:A22e
2622:A22m
2619:A21m
2616:A20m
2127:5110
2122:5100
2055:PS/1
2050:PS/V
1998:50 Z
1958:PS/2
1948:5550
1915:PCjr
1866:5120
1462:EVGA
1450:TIGA
1439:SVGA
1433:8514
1421:MCGA
1415:JEGA
1310:2014
1141:2013
971:ISBN
933:2016
925:BYTE
750:Type
739:(−)
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