368:. This biography depicts Anthony as an illiterate and holy man who through his existence in a primordial landscape received an absolute connection to divine truth. The moment that St. Anthony dedicated his life to God and the church was due to the words he heard from Mark in which he was told to give up all of his belongings and seek God. At the age of 34, Anthony gave away all of his property and worldly possessions; he ventured into the Eastern Desert to seek a life of humility, solitude, and spiritual reflection. Saint Anthony took the words he heard in a literal sense and that is what caused him to venture into the desert to live a life of asceticism. He made his abode in a small cave where he lived ascetically. Although St. Anthony was not the first monk, he attracted many followers and disciples, and is one of the fathers of modern Christian monasticism.
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545:, mentions his visits to the “many cells and hermitages of holy fathers,” many of which live under St. Anthony. In his “Description of the Holy Land”, he describes the miraculous fountain of St. Anthony: “In this desert there is a place beneath an exceeding tall and narrow rock, wherein St. Anthony used to dwell, and from out of the rock there flows a stream for half a stone’s throw, until it is lost in the sand… this place is visited by many for devotions and pleasure, and also by the grace of God and in honor of St. Anthony many sicknesses are healed and driven away by the fountain.”
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restoration of the monastery, Ethiopian and
Egyptian monks co-inhabited the monastery for some time. However, the monastery slowly fell completely into ruin and the few monks that lived there greatly relied on the support from the nearby village of Bush. From then until the 19th century, there are various accounts of travelers who stopped by the monastery, but the monastery is only briefly mentioned in passing. It is known that
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760:, but because of its deviation from the eastern direction it was never consecrated and thus became the library. It contains a rich collection of printed books and the largest collection of Coptic manuscripts in Egypt, which amount to some 1,863 volumes. The library contained many more volumes in the past. The present collection has been significantly reduced by the
507:. It is surrounded by a fortified wall. It contains many monks. Within the wall there is a large garden, containing fruitful palm trees, and apple trees, and pear trees, and pomegranates, and other trees besides beds of vegetables, and three springs of perpetually flowing water, with which the garden is irrigated and which the monks drink. One
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it was not possible for them to fulfill their mission for the moment, for the body of the saint was guarded by the
Melkite Chalcedonians who dwelt in the sanctuary. Then the judge from among the Arabs said to the Melkite bishop who sat in the sanctuary: ‘make all your men get out of the church, for I
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This church, dedicated to the saints Peter and Paul, was renovated in 1772 AD by the Copt
Lutfallah Shaker. The church has twelve domes. Nine of the domes roof the nave and the other three are over the sanctuaries, which are characterized by inlaid wooden screens. In 2005, the monks' cells dating to
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During the renovations, archaeologists uncovered the ruins of the original monks' working quarters from the 4th century. The remains are now covered by a glass floor and are viewable by visitors. The restored monastery is now open to the public. The renovations were unveiled shortly after a violent
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Road in 1946, and can now be reached from Cairo in just five to six hours. During the first decade after construction, the number of foreigner visitors greatly increased, with about 370 visitors between 1953 and 1958. Since then, the monastery has become a more popular destination for
Egyptians,
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The modern monastery is a self-contained village with gardens, a mill, a bakery and five churches. The walls are adorned with paintings of knights in bright colors and hermits in more subdued colors. The wall paintings have been worn over the centuries by soot, candle grease, oil and dust. In a
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In the late 15th century, the monastery was devastated by the same
Bedouins the monastery employed, and all of the monks were killed. It then followed that Syrian monks began to occupy the monastery, and helped in the rebuilding of the monastery at the beginning of the 16th century. After the
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site that can be reached within a few hours by bus or car from a major city. Over a million people, including both
Egyptian Christians and foreigners, visit each year. Contrary to the exclusive ascetic functions of monasteries in the past, the monastery now also serves as a centre for Coptic
975:(1959–1971), and has significantly contributed to a revival in the spiritual vitality of the Coptic church. The construction of a desert road leading to the monastery has lifted the monastery out of geographic isolation and brought it within reach of the masses. It has now become a popular
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In 2002, the
Egyptian government began what was to be an 8-year, $ 14.5 million project to restore the monastery. Workers renovated the main surrounding wall of the monastery, the two main churches, the monks' living quarters, and a defensive tower. A modern sewage system was also added.
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movement, which encouraged educated young men to forsake worldly pleasures and instead join their desert fathers. Since the movement began, the total number of monks had more than tripled within the first 25 years, and many of these young ascetics have also been promoted to the
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were illiterate. This trend has reversed since the revival of monasticism in Egypt in the 1960s. Today, monks are well-educated young men with extensive academic and professional backgrounds in the scientific fields such as engineering, medicine, pharmacy, and architecture.
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In 2002, the
Egyptian government began what was to be an 8-year, $ 14.5 million project to restore the monastery. The modern monastery is a self-contained village with gardens, a mill, a bakery and five churches. It has become a popular destination for Egyptians, offering
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diminished, and St. Anthony's followers began to develop closer relationships with one another in order to foster safety, convenience, and mutual fellowship. The life of an
Antonian monk thus slowly evolved from one of solitary asceticism to one that allowed a
442:, the head of the Monastery of St. Anthony at that time, large sums of money and asked him to take some Melkite monks who were persecuted by the Persians. These Melkite monks then continued to oversee the monastery until the late 8th century.
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wish to enter the church myself and stay here this night.’ The bishop did as the judge commanded, and the Coptic Monks made ready their beasts outside the town and entered by night and took the body and returned to the desert of Scetis.
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missionaries sometimes used the monastery as a base to prepare missionaries in the 17th century. However, the monastery was in such disarray that it lacked even a door, and travelers had to enter via a rope and basket operated with a
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and a sixth in the garden form a vineyard, which supplies all that is needed, and it is said that the number of the palms which the garden contains amounts to a thousand trees, and there stands in it a large well-built
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Although the monastery of St. Anthony enjoyed relative peace and security in its remote area, there were short periods of intense persecution. The monastery itself was plundered a number of times by the
Bedouins of the
786:. Visitors can ascend the winding trail of stairs from the monastery to the cavern in about one hour. The hermitage of St. Anthony is an extremely small space about 7 meters from the narrow opening of the cave.
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Saint Anthony is a Christian saint who was born to a wealthy family in Lower Egypt around 251 AD. He was orphaned at the age of eight years. Most of what is known about him comes from the biographical work of
389:. In the original settlement, his followers established only the most essential buildings. Isolation was stressed. They lived in solitary cells surrounding a communal worship center where they performed the
495:. The monastery was restored in the 12th century, and it flourished throughout the next few centuries. A fortress-like structure was also built around the monastery for protection from invaders.
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In the past, the overwhelming majority of the monks in residence were 50 years of age or older, and through the tradition of the other desert fathers, their piety was linked to a quality of
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as a hermit is a 2km (1.2 mile) hike from the monastery and is 680 metres (2200 feet) above the Red Sea level. It is a small natural hole in the rocks adjacent to the southern part of
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which brought in food and other necessities from the nearby village of Bush. A journey along the desert path that extended from Kuraymat, a city along the Nile in between
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is on the upper floor and has an inlaid screen extending over the whole breadth of the church. The eastern building is the tower of the monastery, and the Church of
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605:, to the monastery used to take three to four days. The monastery received very few visitors, but those who did come were often distinguished in status, such as
658:, restoration has been undertaken on the paintings. The oldest paintings in the monastery date to the 7th and 8th centuries, while the newest date to the 13th.
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840:. At the Monastery of Saint Anthony the number of monks increased from 24 in 1960 to 69 in 1986. By 2010 about 120 monks and priests lived in the community.
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flanked by busts of the twelve apostles. This is the oldest painting in the church, and dates from the 7th century. A figure of a decorated cross is in the
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monks. By the early 15th century, the monastery had become an established pilgrimage destination and it was commonplace for pilgrims to inscribe their name,
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offering Egyptian Christians religious retreats as well as family excursions. Now on holiday weekends there are typically more than a thousand visitors.
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Christians where they can organize and attend spiritual retreats, youth programs, and religious conferences. Today, the monastery is accessible from
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Primordial landscapes, incorruptible bodies. Desert asceticism and the Christian appropriation of Greek ideas on geography, bodies, and immortality
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These two churches are north of the Church of St. Anthony and their structures resemble towers. The western building houses storage rooms and the
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426:. During this time, the monastery experienced a constantly shifting and sometimes mutual occupation by the Coptic monks from Scetes and by the
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699:. The body of St. Justus the monk is kept in a passage along the outer southern wall that connects to the adjoining Church of the Apostles.
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This church was renovated in 1766 by Hasaballah al-Bayadi and also has twelve domes. It was built in the 15th century on the spot of
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attack on Christians in Egypt and have been touted by the government as evidence of peaceful Muslim-Christian coexistence.
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and can be reached from Cairo in just 5 to 6 hours. The Monastery of Saint Anthony was established by the followers of
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has two bays with two large domes and a wide arch between them. Most of the church's walls and domes are covered with
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Gabra, Gawdat, Hany N. Takla, Saint Mark Foundation., and Saint Shenouda the Archimandrite Coptic Society. 2008.
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was defeated, the remains of his army invaded and pillaged the Monastery of St. Anthony as well as the nearby
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321:. The monastery is one of the most prominent in Egypt and has strongly influenced the formation of several
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St. Athanasius of Alexandria, 356–362. Vita S. Antoni (Life of St. Anthony) from the Medieval Sourcebook
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Before the dawn of the 20th century, the only way to get to the monastery was by way of the monthly camel
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in the Desert of Scetis disguised themselves as Bedouins in an attempt to steal the earthly remains of
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A few years after the death of Saint Anthony, his followers settled around the place where the
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the 4th century – the oldest ever found – were discovered beneath the Church of the Apostles.
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describes the unparalleled excellence of the monastery in the beginning of the 13th century:
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lived. The Monastery of Saint Anthony was built between 298 and 300 during the reign of
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564:, stating that it was even more beautiful and noted the holiness and charitable of the
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The emergence of monasticism : From the desert fathers to the early Middle Ages.
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Monastic visions : wall paintings in the Monastery of St. Antony at the Red Sea.
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As of 1991 the bishop and abbot of the Monastery of Saint Anthony was Bishop Yostos.
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in the southwestern corner, and their representations are depicted on the walls. The
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From the holy mountain : A journey among the Christians of the middle east.
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who plundered the monastery and used many of the manuscripts as cooking fuel.
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Cairo, Egypt: Institute of Coptic Studies, Department of Coptic Architecture.
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fled to the Monastery of Saint Anthony in order to escape frequent attack by
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Archaeology News : Ancient Egypt, Archaeology : Discovery News
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with a very small apse, two lateral sanctuaries, and a small choir. The
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describes how they deceived the Melkite monks to accomplish this task:
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In the sixth and seventh centuries, many monks from the monasteries of
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have always been recruited from among the desert monks. In the 1960s,
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The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighboring Countries.
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Monasticism in Egypt : Images and words of the desert fathers.
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Restoring the Monastery of Saint Anthony|drhawass.com – Zahi Hawass
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The monastery became much more accessible after the opening of the
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Guide to Ancient Coptic Churches & Monasteries in Upper Egypt.
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of the arch above the door is decorated with a scene of Christ in
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McClellan, Michael W. and Otto Friedrich August Meinardus. 1998.
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This church dates back to the 12th century and has a central
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The monastic movement in Egypt experienced an unprecedented
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This monastery possesses many endowments and possessions at
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The Church of the Virgin Mary and The Church of St. Michael
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Coptic Monasteries: Egypt's Monastic Art and Architecture.
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309:, it is located 334 km (208 mi) southeast of
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Evetts, B.T.A. (Trans.) Abu Salih the Armenian. 2002.
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The library was originally intended to be a church by
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/vita-antony.html
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Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press.
1477:. drhawass.com (2010-11-07). Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
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Egypt: Ancient Monastery Called a Sign of Coexistence
1359:, September 29, 2005. Retrieved on November 21, 2010.
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572:, and date of arrival on the walls of the monastery.
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Christian monasteries established in the 4th century
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Ludolph of Sechum, Description of the Holy Land, 80.
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795:Archeologists from the American Research Center in
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560:. He compared the Monastery of St. Anthony to the
487:and the Turks during this time. When their leader
333:have come from the monastery, and several hundred
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1558:Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press.
1538:Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press.
1415:. BBC News (2010-02-05). Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
1161:Leroy, Moines et Monasteres du Proche Orient, 48.
345:religious retreats as well as family excursions.
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1525:Oxford, UK; Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.
1494:Cairo, Egypt: American Research Center in Egypt.
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1964:Buildings and structures in Red Sea Governorate
1499:Monks and Monasteries of the Egyptian Deserts.
1403:. News.discovery.com. Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
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1063:The Temptation of St. Anthony (disambiguation)
683:. There is a small sanctuary dedicated to the
609:, the French ambassador to Egypt in 1901, and
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1530:Christianity and monasticism in upper Egypt.
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1353:In Egyptian desert, cells of earliest monks
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1383:St. Antony's Monastery (Deir Mar Antonios)
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393:. They took their daily meals in a basic
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1547:Al-Syriany, Samuel; Habib, Badii. 1990.
1497:Meinardus, Otto Friedrich August. 1989.
1430:, The Associated Press, February 4, 2010
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645:The interior of St. Anthony's Monastery.
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56:of all important aspects of the article.
1679:Monastery of Saint Samuel the Confessor
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876:Popes from the Monastery of St. Anthony
732:on the ground floor. The Church of the
556:journeyed to Egypt with several French
260:church, mill, bakery, gardens, and cave
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52:Please consider expanding the lead to
1870:Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great
1828:Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite
1669:Monastery of Saint Matthew the Potter
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1569:St. Anthony Monastery, Red Sea, Egypt
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1078:Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite
493:Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite
447:Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great
1954:Coptic Orthodox monasteries in Egypt
1172:Ethiopian Synaxarium P.O., IX, 418 f
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740:is on the third floor of the tower.
164:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
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521:Early European visitors (1300–1800)
410:The Monastery as a refuge (400–800)
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963:Significance for Coptic Christians
752:Monastery of Saint Anthony, Egypt.
712:The Church of St. Mark the Ascetic
667:The Medieval Church of St. Anthony
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1969:Eastern Orthodox pilgrimage sites
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1413:World's oldest monastery restored
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656:American Research Center in Egypt
650:collaborative effort between the
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397:. As time passed, the focus on
325:institutions, and has promoted
44:may be too short to adequately
1949:Christian monasteries in Egypt
1490:Ed., Bolman, Elizabeth. 2002.
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799:restored paintings inside the
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780:cave where Saint Anthony lived
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652:Supreme Council of Antiquities
294:, in the northern part of the
54:provide an accessible overview
1:
1664:Monastery of Saint Epiphanius
1620:indicate defunct monasteries.
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685:four beasts of the Apocalypse
445:In 790 Coptic monks from the
430:monks from the east. In 615,
298:close to the border with the
135:; 1724 years ago
1900:Monastery of Saint Catherine
1102:Øistein Endsjø, Dag (2008).
1083:Oldest churches in the world
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562:Saint Catherine's Monastery
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1823:Monastery of Saint Anthony
1783:Monastery of Saint Parsoma
1514:Dalrymple, William. 1998.
1149:The Arab Conquest of Egypt
1147:J. Butler, Alfred (1902).
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971:under the Patriarchate of
853:St. Macarius of Alexandria
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703:The Church of the Apostles
589:Modern history (from 1900)
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1875:Monastery of Saint Pishoy
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855:was a small shopkeeper;
738:St Michael the Archangel
362:Athanasius of Alexandria
1805:Monastery of Saint Mina
1799:Monastery of the Enaton
1674:Monastery of Saint Fana
1106:. New York: Peter Lang.
768:The cave of St. Anthony
179:Saint Anthony the Great
152:Saint Anthony the Great
1923:Monasteries by country
1073:Coptic Orthodox Church
849:St. Macarius the Great
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718:Saint Mark the Ascetic
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1918:Christianity in Egypt
1554:Gabra, Gawdat. 2002.
1521:Dunn, Marilyn. 2000.
973:Papa Avva Kyrillos VI
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349:Life of Saint Anthony
317:, an early Christian
117:Monastery information
108:Location within Egypt
851:was a camel herder;
845:anti-intellectualism
815:Coptic leaders, the
554:Ogier VIII d'Anglure
550:Crusade of Nicopolis
548:In 1395, during the
440:Anastasius of Persia
329:in general. Several
21:St Anthony Monastery
19:For other uses, see
1351:Michael Slackman, "
387:Constantius Chlorus
343:Egyptian Christians
337:visit it each day.
305:Hidden deep in the
296:Red Sea Governorate
237: /
194:Red Sea Governorate
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1865:Paromeos Monastery
1644:Muharraq Monastery
1518:New York: H. Holt.
1357:The New York Times
1068:Coptic monasticism
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451:St. John the Short
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16:Monastery in Egypt
1944:Anthony the Great
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1282:Meinardus, 23–24.
535:Ludolph of Suchem
525:During the later
432:John the Merciful
355:Anthony the Great
315:Anthony the Great
307:Red Sea Mountains
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125:Deir Mar Antonios
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888:Pope John XV
842:
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784:Mount Galala
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774:Mount Colzim
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611:Johann Georg
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366:Vita Antonii
365:
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246:28.92; 32.35
148:Dedicated to
59:
43:
41:lead section
1790:Lower Egypt
1636:Upper Egypt
1605:Monasteries
969:renaissance
950:(1946–1956)
944:(1854–1861)
938:(1809–1852)
932:(1796–1809)
926:(1769–1796)
920:(1745–1769)
914:(1727–1745)
908:(1718–1726)
902:(1676–1718)
896:(1646–1656)
890:(1619–1629)
884:(1466–1474)
861:goat herder
803:'s Church.
790:Restoration
744:The library
734:Virgin Mary
327:monasticism
244: /
219:Coordinates
130:Established
122:Other names
1938:Categories
1342:Gabra, 73.
1328:Gabra, 79.
1116:Bolman, 3.
1089:References
977:pilgrimage
857:St. Apollo
838:episcopacy
823:, and the
630:Ras Gharib
578:Franciscan
457:Synaxarium
399:asceticism
331:patriarchs
175:Founder(s)
1733:Tkahshmin
1719:Tmoushons
1698:Tabennesi
1689:Pachomian
869:St. Pambo
817:patriarch
811:The monks
730:refectory
720:'s cell.
673:sanctuary
637:Structure
599:Beni Suef
543:Paderborn
531:Holy Land
481:rebellion
395:refectory
46:summarize
1913:Category
1712:Sheneset
1057:See also
990:Hurghada
762:Bedouins
693:mandorla
662:Churches
654:and the
595:caravans
585:system.
566:Jacobite
558:pilgrims
527:crusades
420:Bedouins
404:communal
335:pilgrims
190:Location
62:May 2022
1618:Italics
996:Gallery
825:bishops
681:frescos
539:diocese
483:by the
436:Melkite
428:Melkite
424:Berbers
377:Origins
372:History
286:in the
232:32°21′E
229:28°55′N
200:Country
159:Diocese
138: (
1854:Kellia
1847:Nitria
1754:Phnoum
1747:Tsmine
863:, and
859:was a
819:, the
689:soffit
619:Saxony
603:Helwan
583:pulley
509:feddan
434:, the
416:Scetes
383:hermit
323:Coptic
209:
170:People
1892:Sinai
1609:Egypt
982:Cairo
955:Abbot
797:Egypt
485:Kurds
311:Cairo
292:Egypt
284:oasis
278:is a
212:Egypt
1740:Tbew
1705:Pbow
986:Suez
867:and
778:The
697:apse
677:nave
626:Suez
615:Duke
601:and
514:qasr
505:Misr
422:and
319:monk
274:The
185:Site
1726:Tse
1607:in
1355:".
988:or
617:of
541:of
290:of
268:Yes
140:300
133:300
1940::
1467:^
1451:^
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1420:^
1391:^
1364:^
1333:^
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1287:^
1266:^
1216:^
1130:^
992:.
984:,
847:.
621:.
613:,
552:,
533:.
364:,
302:.
1597:e
1590:t
1583:v
1511:.
1385:.
1174:.
628:–
142:)
64:)
60:(
50:.
23:.
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