Monarchism in Canada

2741:: "Anyone doing media interviews on the Crown or taking part in radio phone-in shows quickly becomes used to the arguments used by opponents of the Monarchy ... The only one that does any damage because it is a broader, subtler and more plausible notion is the idea that because the Crown is "British" in origin it is somehow foreign and ought to be removed. But if the Queen and the Monarchy are foreign because they are British, so are Parliament, the Common Law and the English language ... (The same argument would of course logically have to be applied to the French language as well. Because it is "French" it would also have to be looked upon as foreign.) Of course we know all these things are not foreign, they are Canadian. They all came to be Canadian in the same way – by being brought here by settlers who became Canadian and by being rooted here and having functioned here for generations. No one can come along and suddenly declare something foreign when it patently is not. If some one does, that person's motives should be looked at closely because they are likely to be grounded in ethnic hatred or prejudice." 2080: 2396:. By the election of the president by a majority and for a short period, he never is the sovereign and chief of the nation. He is never looked up to by the whole people as the head and front of the nation. He is at best but the successful leader of a party. This defect is all the greater on account of the practice of reelection. During his first term of office he is employed in taking steps to secure his own reelection, and for his party a continuance of power. We avoid this by adhering to the monarchical principle – the sovereign whom you respect and love. I believe that it is of the utmost importance to have that principle recognized so that we shall have a sovereign who is placed above the region of party – to whom all parties look up; who is not elevated by the action of one party nor depressed by the action of another; who is the common head and sovereign of all." 1946:

of the Toronto branch of the MLC, stated on this concept that "it is one of the great protections of democracy and one of the weaknesses of the republican system that in our system the Queen is the state and the people are not the state", arguing that such a society permits its members, though they be in an inseparable symbiosis with it, to exist apart from the state, to criticise it, and not take responsibility for what the state might have done. This, he asserted, avoids the paradox wherein opposing the state is opposing the people, which would mean one opposes one's self. George-Étienne Cartier predicted that Canada, with its cohabitational French and English-based cultures, could never have an ethnic nationality, but through allegiance to the common symbol of the Crown, it was possible for the country to be a unified political nationality.

1515: 1616:, brought with them their support for the Crown and gave root to the idea that the monarchy stood for "beliefs and institutions ... considered essential in the preservation of a form of life different from, and superior to, the manners, politics, and social arrangements of the United States." Republicans were seen as being generally of American origin, having thus been taught to admire republican government as the best in the world and to ridicule monarchism, "a few individuals, who unfortunately, are led by those, whose hostility to the British constitution is such, that they would sacrifice any and every thing to pull it down, in order that they might build up a Republic on its ruins." 2404:), during his 1860 tour of Canada was "the intelligent appreciation by a free people of a principle of government and law, which is above party ... It is in this that a free monarchy is distinguished from a free republic on the one side and an arbitrary despotism on the other – as the personification of impartial authority and supreme law and not the head of a party." In the late 1930s, Tweedsmuir said in a speech that, while the will of the populace prevailed through their election of parliamentary representatives, the King embodied the people on a higher level, above all the "mutations and vicissitudes of parties", and some 60 years later, New Democratic Party 1663: 8279: 2044:, or unsubstantiated ones, such as the republican claim that the monarchy was non-consensually imposed on Canadians, and demonstrating a sophistry that has been described as "'presto-you're-an-adult' immaturity that would malign Canada as some sort of pimply-faced adolescent thinking she could prove she is grown up by smoking a cigarette and telling Mom where to get off." Monarchists have contended that this is a product of inadequate knowledge of the monarchy's role in both Canadian history and modern civics, a phenomenon sometimes compounded by the pervasiveness of 139: 1842:, who questioned: "well, having a royal family means we're not American. And isn't that enough?" In polls from the 1970s onwards, majorities continued to believe the Crown was a Canadian foil against the cultural intrusions of the United States, leading monarchists, for their part, to maintain the notion that the Crown keeps Canada culturally and legally sovereign from its largest republican neighbour, even claiming in the early 21st century to have seen a rise in support for the monarchy amongst Canadian youth for just such a reason. Those like the 2474:, all agreeing that the Crown "has served us well", and later analysis by David Smith showed that the federal Cabinet at the time failed both to understand the complexity of the Canadian Crown and to "recognize its federalist dimension," the monarchy being said to be crucial to provincial co-sovereignty. Even beyond provincial geo-politics, the monarchy has been said to be the only body in which Canadian sovereignty can be vested, as none of the alternatives, the people or the nation, has enough cohesiveness in Canada to serve the purpose. The 1747:

British North America, a victory ending in absorption into the United States. Still, republican ideals – by their wider definition – did have influence during the setting period of after Confederation, wherein the use of laws and the institutions formed by them was moulded by popular attitudes coexistent with monarchical preference. For instance, against the intentions of those who framed the constitution, the provinces began to regard themselves as homogeneous communities, each with a right to a certain amount of

104: 1961: 2239:", however, monarchists declare that such thoughts are quaint and outdated; the modernization of the monarchy has given the country "a figurehead which is as apolitical as it could possibly be" and a royal family that acts as a symbol of a modern, democratic, and multicultural meritocracy. The dignity of the monarchy above partisan politics has also been said by Peter Boyce to have "underlined the distinction between polity and executive" and fostered trust in political institutions. 1373: 1678: 80: 24: 1734:, in his attempt to clarify both the historic and continuing significance of the Canadian monarchy, that the structuring of Canada as a kingdom was not "bait for dim-witted Tory voters", but was instead a way for Canada to assert its presence in North America and thwart American expansionism into Canadian territories; the constitutional monarchy was meant as a balance between the autocracy of the 4774: 2224:, which continues to be supported by the Canadian people through their elected representatives in parliament. It has been noted that such a system is already built on republican principles, wherein the Crown's power has, since long before Confederation, been tempered by the will of the elected legislature, coming directly into play only when an elected individual abuses the power lent to him. 1928:, multicultural nation like Canada, and see the sovereign as a more personal, less bureaucratic, symbol of the will and character of the "Canadian national family", giving a human face on the nation and locus of allegiance, as opposed to republics where the objective constitution, flag, or "the country" is revered instead. It is the position of the Department of Canadian Heritage and the 2613: 2486:

permanent guarantor against the misuse of constitutional power by transitory politicians for their own personal gain, the monarch being a required co-signatory to political instruments and having a personal stake in protecting constitutional government from non-justifiable abuses, but having no policy powers or job security reliant on the prime minister of the day. As Forsey and

2580:". It is further argued that, as with the rest of Canada, Quebec has never been a republican order, and monarchism is not an alien concept to the populace of the province. Moreover, far from being dismissive of the French heritage of Canada, the country's royalty has always gone to allowable lengths to ensure the inclusion and appreciation of that culture. 4782: 2314:

pillars, spoke for all. The sovereign was also seen as an ideal representative of the Canadian state, as opposed to a president, who, due to the election process, would simply be another politician, always accompanied by an inherent amount of division between his or her supporters and detractors, and therefore unable to appear as non-partisan and un

2284: 1483:, as well as having a pivotal role in maintaining Canada's independence from the United States. David E. Smith asserted in 2017 that the Canadian Crown is not only the "keystone of the constitutional architecture of Canada", but also "an index both of the history of Canadian development as a federation and as an autonomous member of 1463:, the support of a particular monarch or dynasty; Canadian monarchists may appreciate the monarchy without thinking highly of the monarch. There have also been, from time to time, suggestions in favour of a uniquely Canadian monarch, either one headed by a descendant of the present monarch and resident in Canada or one based on a 5064:"While Half (48%) of Canadians Say They Would Prefer a U.S. Style Republic System of Government With an Elected Head of State, and Two-Thirds (65%) Believe the Royals Should not Have any Formal Role and Are "Simply Celebrities" ... Eight-in-Ten (79%) Support the Constitutional Monarchy as Canada's Form of Government" 2465:

system. It is thus reasoned that the monarchy makes the provinces in their fields of jurisdiction equally as potent as the federal authority, allowing for a flexible and sustainable federalism that thwarts "the political, academic and journalistic elites" in Canada. During constitutional talks in the

2427:

Canadians should realise when they are well off under the monarchy. For the vast majority of Canadians, being a monarchy is probably the only form of government acceptable to them. I have always been for parliamentary democracy and I think the institution of monarchy with the Queen heading it all has

2381:

felt that because Canadians owed their allegiance to a monarch, rather than to a concept like "the People", there was no pressure on anyone to conform to a singular Canadian way of life; he said "the society of allegiance admits of a diversity the society of compact does not, and one of the blessings

2313:

The institution was used as the bedrock of the constitution because it was viewed by the Fathers of Confederation as a guarantor of Canadians' "life, liberty, and prosperity", and a body that was both inclusive and still subject to the rule of law; parliament, of which the monarch is one of the three

2498:

put it; the worth of the monarchy being not its power, but the power it denies any other person. Thus, the reserve powers of the Crown and the peculiar nature of the office holder are viewed as making the position a useful, if limited, asset against the "presidential" aspirations of prime ministers,

2202:

provisions of the Canadian constitution, monarchists either see them as a non-issue, as no one who is Catholic is near to the throne in the line of succession, or see them as a discriminatory clauses of a law for which, as it was enacted by elected parliamentarians in Britain and inherited by Canada

1940:

and national love " the point around which coheres the nation's sense of a continuing personality", and reflecting this back through lifelong public duties and service, an arrangement its supporters contend allows for diversity, as opposed to the American ideology of the state being the majority and

1813:

for exactly the same reason, and the Crown was more frequently said to be at odds with multiculturalism; Canadians were, according to Arthur Bousfield and Gary Toffoli, being encouraged to "neglect, ignore, forget, reject, debase, suppress, even hate and certainly treat as foreign what their parents

2318:

as a constitutional monarch. This "rigorously neutral civic identity" at the national level, monarchists argue, benefits democracy as the sovereign and his or her viceroys are free to represent all Canadians, un-reliant on blocks of voters divided by age, race, gender, financial worth, or political

2274:

Though political scholar David Smith theorised that the Canadian monarchy had benefited from the dearth of discussion around it, he also expressed his feeling that those monarchist arguments in favour of the Crown that focused on legalities, despite their strong legislative and logical foundations,

2158:

Monarchists have also come to find that the Canadian monarchy correlates well with multiculturalism, the monarch being a living illustration of the concept: the Crown's non-partisanship extends to culture and religion, the sovereign reigns over multiple socially diverse nations, appoints persons of

2113:

obligations of the monarch alone to be the negotiator between First Nations and non-and provide to the former certain guarantees, which all makes the Crown's inherent stability and continuity, as opposed to the transitory nature of populist whims, an important factor to aboriginal people in Canada;

1996:

Because of this history and contemporary sentiment, the monarchy's supporters allege that presidential republicanism is not a part of the Canadian psyche, and any move towards such an end, without provocation or real reason, would run contrary to the national persona and be foreign to Canada, as no

1945:

articulated that the monarchy "is part of ourselves. It is linked in a very special way with our national life. It stands for qualities and institutions which mean Canada to every one of us and which for all our differences and all our variety have kept Canada Canadian." Gary Toffoli, past chairman

1470:

In Canada, monarchism, though it is sometimes mocked by its opponents, is driven by various factors: monarchists support the perceived practicality of popular power being ultimately placed in the hands of a non-partisan, apolitical individual, and see the Canadian monarchy as a modern link, via the

2591:

who wish for their province to secede from confederation rely on anti-British, historical revisionism, and view any federal authority as repressive, regardless of whether that authority is republican or monarchical; hence, the future of the monarchy is regarded as a non-issue by separatist parties

2445:

But for all those who don't want the Queen there are easily as many who don't want a President and even more who certainly would not want one if they knew who it would be. As you can readily see, I have given more thought to this subject than most and I have reached my own conclusion. God save the

2190:

observed at the same time that, while Canada's cultural mix grew, the monarchy remained held in high regard: "At its lowest common denominator, to the average Canadian—whether of British, French or Ukrainian extraction— the Crown is the one thing that he has that the rich and mighty Americans have

1901:

I want the Crown to be seen as a symbol of national sovereignty belonging to all. It is not only a link between Commonwealth nations, but between Canadian citizens of every national origin and ancestry ... I want the Crown in Canada to represent everything that is best and most admired in the

1746:

and the people, it was created around a form of allegiance, wherein, as Morton put it, "there was no pressure for uniformity ... Monarchy made it possible to achieve all these things, whereas republican democracy would, it seemed, have ensured the victory of local interests and race antagonisms in

2490:

put it, by simply being there, the sovereign denies more sinister forces, such as a partisan or corrupt president, access to the state's power, forming a "vital safeguard of democracy and liberty" by acting as a "bulwark against cabinet despotism", or as "the last bulwark of democracy", as former

2254:

of Lester Pearson, said: "I wouldn't lift a finger to get rid of the monarchy ... I think the monarchy, by and large, has done more good than harm to Canada." Later, Trudeau said: "Canadians should realise when they are well off under the monarchy. For the vast majority of Canadians, being a

2134:

stated: "people are surprised at the attachment French Canadians feel for the Queen, and we are faithful to the great nation which has given us liberty." In 2007, though polls showed the province's population to be that which held the monarch most unfavourably, and despite threats of violence and

2031:

headline about the so-called millennium project reading: "Which millennium?" The lack of interest in republicanism cannot, however, be taken automatically as proof of monarchism; Canadians are generally indifferent to the subject, and, as early as the 1950s, it was observed that Canadians don't

1801:

of the Union," and even amongst the various letters sent to newspapers denouncing the lack of fully Canadian symbols available for use, few called for abolition of the monarchy, most Canadians seeing a need for their country to have a form of government different from that of the United States.

2511:

Monarchists thus see the monarch, unconnected with to party politics, as "a political referee, not a political player, and there is a lot of sense in choosing the referee by a different principle from the players. It lessens the danger that the referee might try to start playing." They further

2051:

The central role of the monarchy in the Canadian constitution, and the difficult prescriptions to removing it, are said by monarchists to illustrate the importance of the Crown as the centre of the entire system of government and justice in Canada, to the point where Crown and constitution are

1997:

part of the country had ever been a republic. Indeed, the Quiet Revolution, like earlier revolts, failed to inspire republicanism in the Canadian populace outside of Quebec; amongst that remaining bulk of Canadians, the level of monarchism became difficult to gauge over the ensuing decades, as

1980:

in 1905. The contrary opinion of republicans, who continue to brand the persona and institution of the Crown as purely British and foreign intrusions in Canada, is considered by monarchists to be a superficial argument, representative either of ethnic prejudice, or of a cultural and historical

2215:

Monarchists in Canada uphold that "the old view that democracy and monarchy are fundamentally incompatible has been proven wrong" by countries such as Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Spain, and the like; and there is no reason why Canada is different. Not only is a monarch trained from birth to be a

2485:

Monarchists, such as the Lord Tweedsmuir, felt that, despite having some drawbacks, constitutional monarchy offered greater stability, it's being seldom thought of an illustration that it was working properly. This, loyalists assert, is because the Crown's non-partisanship permits it to be a

2121:

Quebec in the latter half of the 20th century has been regarded as less inclined towards the Crown. However, it was expressed by Jacques Rouillard that from the mid-19th century until the end of the Second World War, in Quebec the monarchy was seen as a source of democracy that permitted the

2301:

The monarchy in Canada has undergone profound change since Confederation. Indeed, far from being a static institution mired in the past, it has been remarkably versatile. Particularly relevant here is the process by which an indivisible Imperial Crown was superseded by a divisible Canadian

1878:

In a government like ours, the Crown is the abiding and unshakable element in government; politicians may come and go, but the Crown remains and certain aspects of our system pertain to it which are not dependent on any political party. In this sense, the Crown is the consecrated spirit of

2503:

described it, the sovereign's supremacy over the Prime Minister in the constitutional order is a "rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the Prime Minister bows before the Queen, he bows before us". The analogy monarchists use is that the Crown is like a

2122:

prosperity of French Canada. At the time of Confederation, there existed French-Canadian royalists who favoured the retention of the monarchy in the new polity that would include the new province of Quebec, some 40 years before Raymond Auzias-Turenne published in

2808:

Professor Richard Toporoski held the theory that a sovereign, not independent, Quebec would still be under the sovereignty of the Queen; he said: "the real problem ... is not separation from Canada: Quebec has said that it wishes to preserve common

2600:. Monarchists also say that Canadian presidents would be more often selected by and/or from the majority Anglophone population of the country, and thus sovereigntists would argue that Québécois are not being represented by the head of state. Even if a 2367:

that symbolizing the entire nation is "one reason monarchs flourish in countries split by ethnicity", and that the monarchy permitted "the formation of a political nationality where a cultural nationality was not possible". As Governor General

2460:

Monarchists consider that the monarch's position apart from the machinations of politics allows him or her to work as an effective intermediary between Canada's various levels of government and political parties; an indispensable feature in a

2235:, the royal clan being "the prime representation of a class system that divides the nation not on ability but by the hidden mechanisms of privilege". Against that, and in a reversal of the republican derision that they comprise are a modern " 1935:

Since at least the 1930s, supporters of the Crown have held the opinion that the Canadian monarch is also one of the rare unified elements of Canadian society, focusing both "the historic consciousness of the nation" and various forms of

7698: 8400: 2071:, republicans are left to build popular support for its abolition, necessitating the suggestion of constitutional reform, from which Canadians commonly recoil, and causing a debate that monarchists feel would be nationally divisive. 2001:

found instability and sometimes even contradictions in numbers for and against the Canadian monarchy (frequently labelled in questions as "British"), but no popular desire to alter the status quo ever expressed itself. After a 1998

2750:

As put by Reg Whitaker: "In the 1960s, in the first fine, careless rapture of bilingualism and biculturalism, an end to the monarchy might have become a shared program between Quebec nationalists and Canadian dualists. It never

2411:

opined: " symbolizes for many the merits of a constitutional monarchy in which the head of state ... is separate and apart from the ongoing political struggles of the day", a sentiment echoed in 2009 by American-born,

1993:; etc. – were similarly inherited from the United Kingdom. Already by the end of the Second World War, a difference had been established amongst Canadians between loyalty to the Crown and loyalty to Britain. 3375: 2035:

Canadian loyalists further aver that, rather than be ashamed of the country's monarchical chronicle and present arrangements, they should be embraced. Monarchists find that republican arguments often take the form of

1829:

opined that "the Monarchy is so essential to us that without it as a bastion of Canadian nationality, of Canadian purpose and of Canadian independence, we could not remain a Sovereign State", and three years later,

2372:

put it, the monarch was "the friend of every citizen, but the master of none, for friendship implies a noble equality", and a link not only between all the peoples of every country that shared the same king in a

8410: 8380: 8243: 3475:. The Research Seminar of the Department of French in conjunction with the Centre for the Study of Human Settlement & Historical Change. Paper IV. National University of Ireland. p. 2. Archived from 1814:

and grandparents, whether spiritual or blood, regarded as the basis of Canadian nationhood, autonomy and history", including the monarchy. This phenomenon was the inspiration for the founding in 1970 of the

8405: 2362:

Monarchists opine that in a country such as Canada, where regional, linguistic, and cultural divisions already exist, a divisive head of state would be detrimental rather than beneficial; it was said by

4484: 8320: 8385: 2512:

theorise that having both an elected president and prime minister could lead to the two coming to odds over who holds more authority; each could claim to be "elected by the people", as happened in

2060:, said that the monarchy was more entrenched in Canada than generally realised, having undergone profound changes since Confederation in reaction to and in parallel with Canada's transition from a 2022:

priority, nor one for average Canadians, admitting "here's no big debate in Canada." The provincial premiers at the time displayed the same sentiment, as did various newspaper editorials, with the

2067:

to a fully sovereign state, thereby pre-empting the rise of any significant republican movement. As the monarchy works satisfactorily and still has a "powerful, if under-stated" symbolic value to

2191:

not got. It makes him feel a little superior." Some, such as journalist Christina Blizzard, emphasise that the monarchy "made a haven of peace and justice for immigrants from around the world".

2118:. Further, those loyal to the Crown have felt that aboriginal peoples in Canada cherish their ability to present grievances directly to the sovereign before the witness of international cameras. 2246:

in which Quebec delegates raised the proposal of a republic, the other provincial representatives agreed that the monarchy had worked well and was not a matter for discussion; two years later

8163: 8233: 8335: 1976:'s view that the sovereign is at least partly, and the monarchy within Canada is fully, Canadian, the monarchy's supporters thus often employing the phrase "Maple Crown", first coined by 8253: 8098: 4356: 2242:

The system is generally viewed by supporters of the monarchy as well functioning, and, as such, adhere to the analogy of "if it ain't broke, don't fix it". Along those lines, at a 1968

2114:

Tony Hall has argued that the "living heritage" of Crown-First Nations treaties must not be sacrificed to reductivist republican views of constitutional change that do not consider the

8375: 8325: 5657: 4521: 4155: 8428: 2528:

has proposed the Governor General be elected as a step towards some form of republic, to which monarchists counter that this move would bring divisiveness to the office, citing

2267:: "Canadians refuse to consider the question at all on the simple ground that what we have works. Isn't this the acid test of any system?"; and one of his viceregal successors, 8390: 3152: 1809:'s prime ministership, however, some of the royal symbols that had previously been accepted as representative of Canada because of their British heritage became the target of 8445: 8433: 8423: 8370: 8340: 8395: 8365: 8238: 8173: 8108: 2275:

were actually counter-productive, serving only to further distance average Canadians from their monarchy, which they perceived mostly through the filter of mass media.

8360: 8355: 8350: 8148: 7703: 5496:"A Historical Analysis of Early Nation to Nation Relations in Canada and New Zealand: The Royal Proclamation of 1763, the Treaty of Niagara and The Treaty of Waitangi" 1767:

The "almost cult status" the monarchy enjoyed in the first half of the 20th century began to waver between the 1950s and 1970s, as the British Empire evolved into the

8330: 3882: 8345: 8268: 8213: 8183: 8103: 2560:, stating that such a proposal ignores the necessity of provincial input, and "would be contrary to the plain purpose of those who framed our system of government". 8300: 8248: 8223: 8198: 8158: 8143: 8113: 624: 6257: 8315: 8310: 8203: 8178: 8168: 8123: 2670: 2220:, they argue, but also that constitutional monarchy is a democratic institution, given that the monarch's position is created and filled by and according to the 1459:, legions, historical groups, ethnic organizations, and sometimes police and scout bodies. Though there may be overlap, this concept should not be confused with 8218: 8188: 8118: 7761: 1862:

amongst the sovereign populace could wield significantly more power over government than in the monarchical system where sovereignty is above popular control.

5821: 8305: 8193: 8138: 7715: 4495: 8228: 8153: 2079: 1659:, moved to diminish the organization's religious exclusivity and instead have the order exist partly to foster appreciation of the King and constitution. 7182: 2018:

was considering the abolition of the monarchy as a millennium project, Chretien refulted the claim by saying that the topic of a republic was neither a

7720: 7755: 6910: 4775:"Committee Transcripts: Standing Committee on the Legislative Assembly - April 10, 1996 - Bill 22, Legislative Assembly Oath of Allegiance Act, 1995" 1647:

played a role in maintaining this allegiance, as, after expressed fears that the order's establishment in Upper Canada would cause conflict between

6432: 2203:

with Canadian parliamentary approval, the monarchy cannot be held responsible, and can be altered by parliament to repeal the offending parts. The

7725: 3801: 112: 3201: 7708: 4741: 3467: 3376:"LORD ASHCROFT POLLS : AHEAD OF CORONATION, NEW POLL FINDS CANADA WOULD VOTE TO BECOME A REPUBLIC - BUT MOST SAY OTHER ISSUES MATTER MORE" 1858:

in the United States and those who wished to move Canada closer to the American sphere and its presidential style marketplace politics", where

1791:

both saw the Crown as a Canadian icon making the country distinct from the US; indeed, Queen Elizabeth II's royal tour of 1959 was said by the

3554: 1969: 1932:

that "in every respect, represents the humanity of our country and speaks eloquently of the collective spirit that makes us truly Canadian."

7978: 6222: 4364: 3666: 2920:"Loyal Societies Dinner in Honor of Princess Alexandra. Remarks by Douglas M. Gowdy. The Loyal Societies Toast to Canada by Col. B.J. Legge." 2243: 2195:

contended that the Crown's nature permitted non-conformity amongst its subjects, thereby opening the door to multiculturalism and pluralism.

4620: 2382:

of Canadian life is that there is no Canadian way of life, much less two, but a unity under the Crown admitting of a thousand diversities".

1475:, to ethnically and historically similar countries around the world. It is also celebrated by monarchists as being a significant element of 5661: 4537: 3280: 2792:

opined in 1908 that Quebecers were "monarchical by religion, by habit, and by the remembrance of past history," and in 1953 it was said by

2171:. The monarchy has also been seen by new Canadian citizens as a favourable symbol; in the late 1950s, for instance, recent immigrants from 7952: 7582: 7054: 3802:"Canadian Confederation > Towards Confederation > Influence of the American Civil War > Fear of Annexation by the United States" 6743: 4163: 3119: 6507: 3976: 1968:

Combining constitutional law, the concept of national personification, and their acknowledgement of the reigning monarch as the end of

4448: 5063: 4020: 2545: 2482:, is not the head of a federated country and thus a hypothetical Canadian president's role would not be the same as that in Ireland. 2115: 3160: 8088: 8073: 6604: 5425: 4817: 4257: 2356: 3517: 6944: 4906: 2601: 1756: 1265: 5495: 2175:

countries made public expressions of loyalty to the Queen and criticism towards those who were dismissive of the Crown. Indeed,

1854:, theorised that the greatest threat to the Canadian Crown was not its British origins, but instead the "expansionist powers of 1589:

system that existed in France. The majority could be lured to neither the republicanism that boiled south of the border, nor to

8477: 7946: 7433: 5008: 4328: 3622:

McNairn, Jeffrey L. (1996). "Publius of the North: Tory Republicanism and the American Constitution in Upper Canada, 1848–54".

3046: 1231: 4386: 6903: 6415: 6205: 6131: 5831: 5558: 5463: 5371: 5281: 5213: 4984: 4947: 4588: 3956: 3929: 3732: 3567: 3315: 3020: 2889: 2813:(issued officially by whom? – the Queen of Canada), for example, and the possibility of Quebec citizens being 2568:

The Canadian monarchy has been presented by monarchists in Canada as being a continuation of the French monarchy under which

2015: 1921: 858: 832: 5604: 3246: 2842: 1472: 7882: 7812: 5979: 5855: 5166: 4290: 2537: 2340: 2228: 2207:, for example, ended the historical disqualification of a person who married a Roman Catholic from the line of succession. 1577:, a faction of the French-speaking population was loyal to the British Crown and its institutions of government, while the 1401: 6569: 1742:

of the United States that had just led to the Civil War. Instead of the constitution being based on a promise between the

7990: 3330: 2467: 1998: 1834:

said of the Canadian Crown and identity: " is our own by inheritance and choice, and contributes much to our distinctive

1495: 1418: 817: 417: 4053:

Buckner, Phillip (2005). "The Last Great Royal Tour: Queen Elizabeth's 1959 Tour to Canada". In Buckner, Phillip (ed.).

2604:

with Canada was established, questions remain as to whether or not Quebec would truly be free of the Canadian monarchy.

2291: 1711: 1682: 7973: 4571: 2471: 2259:

and I think the institution of monarchy with the Queen heading it all has served Canada well." Former Governor General

2204: 1752: 1604:

War faced repercussions then and after the conflict. By seeking refuge in the Canadas and settling much of what is now

6667: 6147: 4098: 540: 8472: 7929: 7489: 7283: 6386: 6321: 5914: 5723: 5585: 4721: 4531: 4420: 4230: 4128: 4064: 3892: 3527: 3450: 3408: 3006: 2952: 2369: 2148: 1706:, which was seen by them as "the final stage in the discredit of democracy and republicanism." Thus, by the time of 1636: 66: 6800: 6287: 6265: 6220: 6009: 3722: 7564: 7468: 7372: 7226: 6896: 5141: 3010: 2761: 2660: 2525: 2087: 1982: 1783:

began to blossom; the latter becoming the major impetus of political controversy around the Crown. Prime Ministers

1624: 5108: 1972:

that starts with the first European settlement of the region in the 16th century, monarchists in Canada share the

1920:

Canadian monarchists support the official government position (both federal and provincial) of the monarch as the

8258: 7841: 7693: 7082: 7047: 7021: 1973: 1929: 1710:

in 1867, constitutional monarchy was, after their analysis of the American republic, unanimously selected by the

1671: 1272: 863: 33: 5684: 2479: 2130:, extolling the virtues of constitutional monarchy, and of monarchism in the province, Prime Minister of Canada 1514: 1451:. These beliefs can be expressed either individually—generally in academic circles—or through what are known as 659: 7587: 7212: 7156: 7013: 2324: 1838:

and our chances of independent survival amongst the republics of North and South America", which was echoed by

987: 580: 8467: 7917: 7504: 6221:

Ryerson, Adolphus Egerton; Hodgins, John George; Crooks, Adam; Of Education, Ontario. Dept (September 1860).

2616: 2573: 208: 138: 6853:"Trust and the Monarchy: an examination of the shifting public attitudes toward government and institutions" 5484: 5352: 3356: 2919: 2556:'s notion that Canada could become a republic simply by failing to proclaim another sovereign upon the next 2109:

have been described as "strongly supportive of the monarchy", due partly to the constitutionally entrenched

1718:, and including delegates from Quebec – and approved of by the three elected legislatures of 8066: 7890: 7676: 7144: 6939: 2540:

is selected by parliamentary vote. To the idea that the head of state be selected by the Companions of the

2236: 2106: 2045: 1503: 699: 2721: 8035: 8007: 7750: 7631: 7626: 7554: 7539: 7323: 6962: 6600: 6317: 4416: 3404: 2632: 2620: 2584: 2136: 1815: 1780: 1456: 1049: 6447: 1490:

Though polling has traditionally suggested little interest in removing the monarchy during the reign of

7773: 7549: 7458: 7240: 7177: 7040: 4860: 2642: 2487: 2393: 2344: 1977: 1847: 1221: 1044: 853: 733: 3805: 3331:"Canadians Conflicted on Future Role of Monarchy as Half (54%) Say Canada Should End Ties to Monarchy" 402: 7614: 7377: 6985: 6614:. Vol. Spring 2005, no. 23. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 2. Archived from 6036: 5817: 3205: 2777: 1533:

Every country is different, and we grew up in this one with the Royal Family as part of our heritage.

1429:

reform as being generally revisionist, idealistic, and ultimately impracticable. Generally, Canadian

1226: 1081: 827: 487: 4751: 3476: 2513: 2364: 432: 8040: 7463: 4971: 3573: 2814: 2704: 1843: 1635:

constitutional monarchy as both too democratic and too tyrannical in comparison to their preferred

1394: 570: 520: 327: 6071:"Canada: more liberal than Tory? A new book puts the country's bedrock beliefs under a microscope" 5934: 3681: 1818:(MLC) as an organised way for citizens to voice their opposition to any downplaying of the Crown. 1670:

in September 1862; the Canadian Fathers of Confederation blamed the conflict on weaknesses in the

1434: 669: 8059: 7995: 7658: 7653: 7534: 7234: 6995: 6012:. The Constitutional Monarchy Association and The International Monarchist League. Archived from 4628: 2765: 2665: 2576:

representing the sovereign in "the same way representatives of the French Crown were resident in

2413: 2019: 1768: 1686: 1620: 1484: 1464: 1442: 1438: 1422: 943: 550: 218: 7641: 6197: 3284: 2780:), one abstaining from comment(Quebec), and the remaining eight in support of Canada's monarchy. 2583:

In response to the republican claim that Canada becoming a republic would appease the drive for

2400:

Indeed, five years prior, it was said that Canadians' enthusiasm for the Prince of Wales (later

1662: 7786: 7602: 7453: 7448: 7346: 7334: 7192: 7187: 7091: 6774: 6717: 5715: 3921: 3759: 2647: 2637: 2521: 2221: 2041: 1990: 1955: 1707: 1644: 1613: 1574: 1519: 1314: 1061: 822: 629: 285: 37: 7575: 6518: 6484: 5906: 5768: 3991: 8263: 7544: 7443: 7428: 6931: 6751: 3127: 3115: 2923: 2805: 2264: 2199: 1578: 1426: 1147: 1091: 723: 166: 6148:"An Archive of Quotations from The Queen and prominent Canadians about The Crown and Canada" 5205: 5198: 2255:

monarchy is probably the only form of government acceptable to them. I have always been for

654: 442: 8208: 8128: 7857: 7818: 7592: 7559: 7484: 7115: 7003: 5631: 4536:. 1. Parliamentary Institutions > Institutional Framework > The Crown. Archived from 4459: 3082: 2597: 2475: 2405: 2256: 2176: 1986: 1543: 1174: 804: 793: 743: 704: 694: 7161: 5070: 4028: 3357:"New poll reveals why Canadians won't abolish the monarchy even though they don't like it" 644: 634: 452: 48: 8: 8287: 8017: 7851: 7824: 7735: 7670: 7509: 7499: 7407: 7278: 6977: 2700: 2593: 2557: 2495: 1739: 1640: 1601: 1387: 1319: 777: 764: 751: 275: 6888: 6615: 5436: 4821: 4261: 4231:"A Crown for the 21st Century: Arguments in Support of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy" 477: 427: 7273: 7149: 7132: 7125: 6954: 6923: 6375: 6190: 5899: 5708: 5456:

The Queen’s Other Realms: The Crown and its Legacy in Australia, Canada and New Zealand

4737: 3917: 3910: 3647: 2793: 2725: 2388:, speaking in 1865 about the proposals for the upcoming Confederation of Canada, said: 2040:, focusing, as they perceive it, on long settled issues like Canada's independence and 1719: 1703: 1667: 1632: 1628: 1506:

and that more Canadians now favour becoming a republic than do retaining the monarchy.

1339: 1216: 1157: 1086: 884: 871: 845: 502: 347: 213: 96: 6852: 6323:

A Crown for the 21st Century: Arguments in Support of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy

5308: 4422:

A Crown for the 21st Century: Arguments in Support of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy

3410:

A Crown for the 21st Century: Arguments in Support of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy

1569:, monarchism was prevalent among the region's inhabitants. Even after the transfer of 103: 7806: 7793: 7745: 7402: 7397: 7300: 7257: 7197: 7137: 7075: 7063: 6641: 6411: 6382: 6201: 6127: 5910: 5827: 5719: 5581: 5554: 5499: 5459: 5209: 5116: 4980: 4943: 4717: 4584: 4527: 4060: 3952: 3925: 3888: 3751: 3728: 3651: 3639: 3563: 3523: 3446: 3311: 3090: 3016: 2577: 2549: 2505: 2499:

and a superior safeguard for executive oversight than any republican alternative. As

2492: 2385: 2287: 2251: 2068: 2053: 1835: 1788: 1784: 1715: 1656: 1590: 1586: 1585:

fostered monarchism in a different form by urging its parishioners to appreciate the

1523: 1480: 1476: 1344: 1329: 1248: 938: 809: 756: 738: 684: 664: 649: 639: 472: 457: 407: 387: 255: 203: 198: 176: 171: 123: 6404: 5019: 4743:

Protecting Constitutional Rights: A Comparative View of the United States and Canada

4575: 4485:"Executive Government Processes and Procedures in Saskatchewan: A Procedures Manual" 2163:, and is him or herself of a heritage that including more than 30 ethnicities, from 2144: 1643:—failed to inspire the majority of colonists to espouse a break with the Crown. The 7800: 7636: 7569: 7412: 7329: 7305: 7268: 7262: 6517:. Autumn-Winter 2007 (27). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada: 11. Archived from 5248: 4967: 4390: 3631: 3550: 3469:

Ireland and Lower Canada in the early nineteenth century: Love in a time of cholera

2553: 2533: 2532:

between the rival candidates for the viceregal office in fellow Commonwealth realm

1885: 1855: 1839: 1822: 1699: 1447: 1356: 1255: 1204: 689: 604: 300: 270: 223: 5382: 5285: 1631:—with their significant minority of conservative followers who critiqued Canada's 44: 8012: 7871: 7780: 7392: 7356: 7351: 7341: 7288: 7098: 6044: 5608: 5548: 5522: 5252: 4711: 4054: 3946: 3843: 3440: 3254: 3197: 2853: 2810: 2789: 2708: 2544:, monarchists have said that such a situation would "politicise and destroy" the 2541: 2260: 2131: 2091: 2061: 2057: 2037: 1831: 1776: 1748: 1377: 948: 876: 840: 772: 679: 674: 619: 492: 467: 412: 5987: 5863: 5174: 5173:(Winter-Spring 1999). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. 1999. Archived from 4494:. Cabinet Secretariat, Executive Council. April 2004. p. 10. Archived from 4298: 3977:"Republicanism in Canada in the Reign of Elizabeth II: the Dog that Didn't Bark" 2271:, stated: "on a list of 100 things that need fixing, the monarchy ranks 101st." 8000: 7846: 7647: 7520: 7494: 7293: 7205: 6577: 5813: 5764: 5435:. No. 30. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 11. Archived from 5381:. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy. p. 24. Archived from 5018:. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy. p. 14. Archived from 4979:(1 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada (published 2008). p. 12. 2852:. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy. p. 26. Archived from 2529: 2434: 2374: 2247: 2187: 2179: 2095: 2024: 1942: 1924:. They consider a globally travelling, super-celebrity monarch to be apt for a 1826: 1806: 1793: 1743: 1735: 1652: 1597: 1186: 1108: 614: 372: 295: 250: 92: 6327: 6192:

Getting it wrong: how Canadians forgot their past and imperilled Confederation

4426: 4234: 3884:

The Office of Lieutenant Governor: A Study in Canadian Government and Politics

3414: 8461: 8051: 7620: 7608: 7525: 7382: 6543: 5348: 5120: 4963: 4935: 4931: 4286: 3724:

Rethinking Federalism: Citizens, Markets, and Governments in a Changing World

3643: 3400: 3242: 3094: 2885: 2699:

For example, the Queen's portrait disappeared from public buildings, and the

2392:

By adhering to the monarchical principle we avoid one defect inherent in the

2332: 2217: 2192: 2011: 1925: 1851: 1772: 1727: 1648: 1539: 1304: 1199: 1179: 1169: 982: 507: 497: 437: 397: 392: 233: 5167:"Premiers Nix Monarchy Abolition: "Not a government priority at this point"" 6713: 6679: 6151: 6070: 4616: 4412: 4106: 3078: 2500: 2408: 2378: 2320: 2183: 2172: 2152: 2007: 1908: 1859: 1731: 1566: 1491: 1164: 1039: 1004: 788: 609: 482: 447: 305: 88: 5547:

Chevrier, Marc (2001). "Our Republic in America". In Venne, Michel (ed.).

4132: 3635: 2956: 1655:, in 1830 the Grand Orange Lodge of British America's first Grand Master, 1098: 7897: 7663: 7438: 7311: 6808: 6565: 6313: 6291: 6097: 6013: 5575: 4258:"Frequently Asked Questions > 2. Why support a foreign/British Queen?" 2817:(and who are Canadian citizens? – subjects of the Queen)." 2452: 2352: 2336: 2268: 2232: 2140: 1960: 1723: 1499: 1334: 1299: 1071: 1029: 975: 933: 903: 728: 462: 342: 243: 2930:. Toronto: The Empire Club Foundation (published 1968). pp. 107–113 1421:

among the Canadian public, and advocating for its retention, countering

1372: 7935: 7876: 7864: 7767: 6919: 6878: 5277: 5059: 3766:. Vol. III. New York: Funk and Wagnalls (published 1 January 1906) 3755: 3204:. Toronto: The Empire Club Foundation. pp. 130–149. Archived from 2680: 2569: 2517: 2462: 2401: 1937: 1810: 1798: 1677: 1596:

At the same time, those who remained loyal to the British monarchy and

1570: 1430: 1191: 1142: 1066: 560: 382: 310: 161: 79: 6043:. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy: 9. Archived from 2470:

did not endorse any alterations to the Crown in either its federal or

2227:

Arguments against the monarchy include the idea that the existence of

2032:"think of themselves as citizens of either a republic or a monarchy". 997: 8292: 7120: 2508:, rarely used, but highly visible, and there in case of emergencies. 2328: 2110: 2083: 1609: 1547: 1324: 1309: 1260: 1211: 1120: 1076: 1056: 1024: 968: 958: 913: 908: 530: 337: 320: 290: 7032: 4863:(1 September 1905). "Grey to Edward VII". In Doig, Ronald P. (ed.). 4818:"Frequently Asked Questions > 1. Why support a foreign monarchy?" 3445:. Montreal, Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 172. 1981:

confusion that forgets a number of Canadian values –

8278: 7387: 7219: 6807:(Spring 1996). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 6576:(Autumn 1998). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 5960:

Hirst, Nicholas (5 June 2008). "Royal traditions worth embracing".

4297:(Winter 2000). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 4105:(Spring 1996). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 2675: 2348: 2123: 2064: 1460: 1294: 1238: 1103: 963: 332: 265: 130: 108: 6830: 6775:"Gilles Duceppe says he has no time for those depasse blue bloods" 5826:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart (published 2007). p. 42. 5550:

Vive Quebec!: new thinking and new approaches to the Quebec nation

4803: 4570: 3948:

Vive Quebec!: new thinking and new approaches to the Quebec nation

2981: 2094:

chieftains, who display an image of the King's great-grandmother,

1964:

A crowd of Canadians greets Queen Elizabeth II on Canada Day, 2010

7912: 7906: 7316: 5905:. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press. p. 2982:"Royal Society of St. George, British Columbia Branch > About" 2624: 2164: 2160: 2099: 1912: 1605: 1502:, suggested that a majority of Canadians think there should be a 1351: 1243: 1152: 1034: 992: 953: 422: 280: 260: 228: 156: 84: 1989:

democracy; the elevation of public welfare over personal greed;

6487:(Press release). Citizens for a Canadian Republic. 20 June 2007 6377:

The Invisible Crown: The First Principle of Canadian Government

2588: 2182:

said during Queen Elizabeth II's 1959 tour of Canada that "non-

2168: 1582: 1282: 315: 3990:(22). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada: 19. Archived from 3680:(4). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada: 1–2. Archived from 2210: 2052:

inseparable. Dr. Stephen Phillips, Chair of the Department of

7983: 4966:(15 January 1974). "Freedom and Order: Collected Essays". In 4291:"The Significance of the Referendum for Canadian Monarchists" 3562:(1 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 6. 2612: 2074: 1759:

case of Maritime Bank vs. Receiver-General of New Brunswick.

1619:

Predominantly, Canadians retained their loyalty to Britain's

1287: 1277: 377: 238: 6446:(3). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada: 6. Archived from 7968: 3522:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 4–5. 3310:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. iii, 135, 2796:

that "French Canada is unswervingly loyal to the monarchy".

2315: 2116:

relations between the Crown and Canadian aboriginal peoples

1115: 5632:"A birthday visit by the Queen? Quebeckers are not amused" 3844:"The politics of monarchy: it's not what you might expect" 3124:

Clarke calls on grads to help achieve the ideals of Canada

1479:, stemming from the organization's 500-year deep roots in 6918: 6290:. The Constitutional Monarchy Association. Archived from 5195: 4907:"Kelly McParland: End the monarchy and you cancel Canada" 4519: 3373: 1593:

that took place in France in 1789 and 1793 respectively.

6873: 6850: 6605:"Liberal Stalking Horse for Stealth Ending of Monarchy?" 5094: 4201: 3887:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 13–14. 2283: 7704:

Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories

6381:. Toronto-Buffalo-London: University of Toronto Press. 6223:"Visit of the Prince of Wales to British North America" 5705: 4228: 3126:. Calgary: University of Alberta Senate. Archived from 2671:

Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada

2480:

Canadian republicans theorise could be copied in Canada

1865: 1755:, a notion that was eventually cemented in by the 1882 7762:

Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems

6678:. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 6326:. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 5986:. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 5782:(3). Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 7 4815: 4425:. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 4255: 3413:. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 2186:

are more keen about the Queen than the Anglo Saxons".

2155:, at the 400th anniversary of the founding of Quebec. 1498:

conducted in 2022 and 2023 following the accession of

7716:

Official bilingualism in the public service of Canada

6485:"Ireland's president: An example for Canadian reform" 5658:"Queen not on the list for Quebec City birthday bash" 6772: 6035:

Smith, David E. (May 1999b). Watson, William (ed.).

5553:. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. p. 88. 4867:(1 ed.). London: Private Libraries Association. 3951:. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. p. 91. 3308:

The Constitution in a Hall of Mirrors: Canada at 150

2147:, desired the attendance of Elizabeth II, or either 1797:

to be a demonstration that Canada was "not just the

1698:

Monarchist feelings were further entrenched in many

6171: 6169: 5480:

Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada v. Sparrow

3912:

National dreams: Myth, memory, and Canadian history

1846:'s Professor of Native American Studies Tony Hall, 1762: 1565:From Canada's colonial period until the end of the 7721:Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism 6883: 6403: 6374: 6189: 5898: 5707: 5197: 5196:Strober, Deborah Hart; Strober, Gerald S. (2002). 3909: 2776:The results revealed one in favour of a republic ( 1949: 1441:itself, as most monarchists in Canada support the 7756:Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations 5069:. Winnipeg: Ipsos-Reid. p. 4. Archived from 4583:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 2. 4021:"Le 400 de Québec à la lumière de ... 1908!" 3667:"The Emergence of a Canadian Monarchy: 1867–1953" 3120:"Speech to the University of Alberta Convocation" 3047:"Our ties to monarchy are bigger than the royals" 2294:, who upheld the monarchical principle in Canada. 1555: 8459: 6744:"Royals' visit flying under the radar in Quebec" 6700: 6196:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 6166: 6124:The Canadian Founding: John Locke and Parliament 5748: 5685:"Quebec City's 400th birthday stays under radar" 5523:"Lawsuits, treaty rights and the sacred balance" 5042: 5040: 4709: 4096: 2843:"Don't Mess With Success – and Good Luck Trying" 2607: 7726:Timeline of official languages policy in Canada 6098:"Canadian anti-monarchists watch Aussie debate" 5485: (Supreme Court of Canada 31 May 1990). 5200:The monarchy: an oral biography of Elizabeth II 4097:Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Gary (April 1996). 3799: 3283:. Canadian Royal Heritage Trust. Archived from 3247:"Reasons to love the Queen: No. 1, she's funky" 2014:'s director of comminications, saying that the 113:Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn 8081: 6874:Institute for the Study of the Crown in Canada 6801:"A Subject Speaks: Separation & The Crown" 5682: 5573: 5353:"Affection for Queen remains strong in Canada" 3519:The Idea of Loyalty in Upper Canada, 1784–1850 3374:Polls (LordAshcroftPolls.com), Lord Ashcroft. 3202:"The Empire Club of Canada Speeches 1970–1971" 2928:The Empire Club of Canada Addresses, 1967–1968 2377:-type relationship, but also those of Canada. 1941:demanding allegiance. Former Governor General 8067: 7048: 6904: 6150:. Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 6126:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. 5973: 5971: 5037: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4131:. Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 3970: 3968: 2955:. Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 1623:, a feeling that was only intensified by the 1395: 8401:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 5607:. Canadian Monarchist Online. Archived from 4934:(31 December 1974). "Crown and Cabinet". In 4820:. Canadian Monarchist Online. Archived from 4520:Marleau, Robert; Montpetit, Camille (2000). 4411: 4389:. Canadian Monarchist Online. Archived from 4260:. Canadian Monarchist Online. Archived from 4048: 4046: 4014: 4012: 3804:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from 3800:Fisher, Amy; Savard, Nicolas; Mohamed, Tod. 3746: 3744: 3434: 3432: 3278: 1891:Hunting Stuart & the Voice of the People 1870: 7953:2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests 7709:Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy 5759: 5757: 5372:"Any Lessons for Us in Australia's Debate?" 5161: 5159: 4888: 4886: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4281: 4279: 3945:Blair, Louisa (2001). Venne, Michel (ed.). 3850:(April 1998). Toronto: James Lorimer and Co 3783: 3781: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3015:. Manchester: Ayer Publishing. p. 99. 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2770: 2419: 2211:Democratic principles and governmental role 8074: 8060: 7055: 7041: 6911: 6897: 6558: 5968: 5706:Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Garry (1991). 5343: 5341: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5142:"Liberals considering break from monarchy" 5058: 4865:Earl Grey's papers: An introductory survey 4843: 4841: 4839: 4178: 4156:"Canada shrugs as Charles pays us a visit" 3965: 3499: 3497: 3001: 2999: 2075:First Nations, Quebec and multiculturalism 1693: 1402: 1388: 47:. Please do not remove this message until 6798: 6665: 6121: 6068: 5977: 5769:"Two Perspectives on the Queen in Canada" 5580:. Montreal: C. O. Beauchemin & fils. 5520: 5309:"Should Prince Charles ever be our king?" 5106: 4942:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Ltd. 4904: 4736: 4730: 4710:Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Gary (2002). 4043: 4018: 4009: 3750: 3741: 3429: 2947: 2945: 2836: 2834: 2343:, precursor to the New Democratic Party; 1970:an unbroken chain of sovereigns of Canada 1805:At the same time, and into the period of 1625:American invasions of the Canadas in 1812 67:Learn how and when to remove this message 6851:EKOS Research Associates (30 May 2002). 6773:Canwest News Service (4 November 2009). 6598: 6471: 5853: 5754: 5546: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5156: 5006: 4883: 4673: 4326: 4313: 4276: 4189: 4019:Rouillard, Jacques (29 September 2007). 3974: 3778: 3442:The Gaullist Attack on Canada, 1967–1997 3281:"The Monarchy and Canadian Independence" 3274: 3272: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3196: 3064: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 2871: 2611: 2282: 2078: 1959: 1714: – led by the monarchist 1676: 1661: 1513: 1504:referendum on the future of the monarchy 102: 78: 43:Relevant discussion may be found on the 6945:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy 6505: 6430: 5978:Heinricks, Geoff (Winter–Spring 2001). 5849: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5800: 5498:. University of Alberta. Archived from 5423: 5338: 5247: 5234: 4836: 4804:Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2009 4772: 4691: 4649: 4558: 4523:House of Commons Procedure and Practice 4327:Blizzard, Christina (8 November 2009). 4079: 4052: 3907: 3880: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3787: 3716: 3714: 3664: 3658: 3621: 3549: 3494: 3399: 3147: 3145: 3044: 2996: 2984:. Royal Society of St. George BC Branch 2913: 2911: 2783: 1757:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 1417:is a movement for raising awareness of 8460: 7434:List of Canadian peacekeeping missions 6639: 6564: 6243: 6187: 6175: 6034: 5933:Moore, Christopher (1 November 2008). 5884: 5763: 5714:. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 5660:. CTV. 12 October 2007. Archived from 5629: 5406: 5369: 5276: 5270: 4962: 4930: 4892: 4716:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 86. 4685: 4661: 4526:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. 4357:"The fight for the Republic of Canada" 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4153: 3503: 3465: 3438: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3153:"The fight for the Republic of Canada" 3114: 3005: 2976: 2974: 2942: 2890:"The monarchy: Offshore, but built-in" 2831: 2737:Toffoli and Bosefield said in 1996 in 2693: 2619:speaks with some youth members of the 2159:each gender and different races to be 833:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil 95:and official birthday of the reigning 8055: 7062: 7036: 6892: 6741: 6712: 6433:"Golden Jubilee and Provincial Crown" 6401: 6372: 6360: 6348: 6258:"Why I'm an unabashed royals-booster" 6255: 5959: 5932: 5896: 5812: 5453: 5412: 5347: 5332: 5306: 5228: 5046: 4877: 4847: 4697: 4615: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4351: 4349: 4285: 4092: 4090: 4088: 3944: 3727:. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 232. 3705: 3609: 3597: 3515: 3305: 3269: 3241: 3220: 3077: 3029: 2918:Gowdy, Douglas M. (18 October 1967). 2917: 2884: 2840: 2799: 2754: 2714: 2563: 2319:leanings, appealing to, for example, 1922:personification of the Canadian state 1771:and a new Canadian identity emerged, 1730:. It was noted in the early 1960s by 7583:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms 6508:"The Crown in Today's Federal State" 6312: 6095: 6069:Fierlbeck, Katherine (1 July 2007). 5840: 5597: 5204:. New York: Broadway Books. p. 5134: 4905:McParland, Kelly (8 November 2009). 4859: 4621:"A lightning rod for patriotic love" 4059:. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 68. 3868: 3841: 3820: 3720: 3711: 3142: 2908: 2744: 2602:sovereignty-association relationship 2341:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1866:Constitutional and societal keystone 1612:, they, who came to be known as the 1509: 111:to celebrate a visit to the city by 17: 6742:White, Marianne (7 November 2009). 5854:Jennings, Diane (1 November 1998). 5683:Canadian Press (26 December 2007). 5424:Jackson, Michael D. (Autumn 2009). 5253:"Grow up Canada: keep the monarchy" 5109:"Succession: opening up the palace" 5107:Mendleson, Rachel (10 April 2009). 5009:"The Monarchy: Gone With the Wind?" 4940:Freedom and Order: Collected Essays 4229:Monarchist League of Canada (ed.). 4207: 4099:"The "British" Character of Canada" 3175: 2971: 2278: 765:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy 13: 6640:Warren, David (14 November 2009). 6546:. Citizens for a Canadian Republic 5115:. Toronto: Rogers Communications. 4604: 4572:Citizenship and Immigration Canada 4363:. 19 November 2004. Archived from 4346: 4085: 3279:Toffoli, Gary; Bousfield, Arthur. 3159:. 16 November 2004. Archived from 3089:. Toronto: Rogers Communications. 3045:Lakritz, Naomi (28 October 2009). 2731: 2530:the situation that emerged in 2004 2205:Succession to the Throne Act, 2013 1443:constitutional variety of monarchy 14: 8489: 7813:Citizen's Forum on National Unity 6867: 6799:Toporoski, Richard (April 1996). 6041:Policy Options: Bye-Bye for Good? 5307:Duffy, Andrew (8 November 2009). 4458:. 2010. p. 3. Archived from 2394:Constitution of the United States 1983:peace, order, and good government 8277: 8244:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7469:Canada in the War in Afghanistan 7373:List of National Parks of Canada 7227:Debate on the monarchy in Canada 6823: 6792: 6766: 6735: 6706: 6694: 6659: 6633: 6592: 6536: 6499: 6477: 6465: 6424: 6395: 6366: 6354: 6342: 6306: 6280: 6249: 6237: 6214: 6181: 6140: 6115: 6089: 6062: 6028: 6002: 5953: 5926: 5890: 5878: 5806: 5794: 5742: 5699: 5676: 5650: 5623: 5574:Auzias-Turenne, Raymond (1894). 5567: 5540: 5514: 5488: 5472: 5426:"The Senior Realms of the Queen" 3665:Philips, Stephen (Summer 2003). 2661:Debate on the monarchy in Canada 2587:, monarchists say that those in 2526:Citizens for a Canadian Republic 2524:. The Canadian republican group 2231:prevents Canada from becoming a 1763:Post-Quebec sovereignty movement 1419:Canada's constitutional monarchy 1371: 734:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire 137: 22: 7991:Canada–United Kingdom relations 7694:Official bilingualism in Canada 7083:Canadian cultural protectionism 7022:International Monarchist League 6718:"Royalty for a grown-up nation" 6256:Ferry, John (6 November 2009). 5901:The Republican Option in Canada 5630:Séguin, Rhéal (13 April 2007). 5521:Mainville, Sara (1 June 2007). 5400: 5363: 5326: 5300: 5222: 5189: 5100: 5088: 5052: 5000: 4956: 4924: 4898: 4871: 4853: 4809: 4797: 4779:Legislative Assembly of Ontario 4773:Toffoli, Gary (10 April 1996). 4766: 4703: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4564: 4552: 4513: 4477: 4456:Department of Canadian Heritage 4441: 4405: 4379: 4249: 4195: 4154:Haysom, Ian (7 November 2009). 4147: 4121: 4073: 3938: 3901: 3874: 3862: 3793: 3699: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3543: 3509: 3459: 3403:(2002). Written at Vancouver. 3393: 3367: 3349: 3323: 3299: 1974:Department of Canadian Heritage 1950:Canadian institution and symbol 1930:Canadian Secretary to the Queen 1560: 1439:classical form of republicanism 864:Spanish transition to democracy 541:Les Six livres de la République 91:, both the natural birthday of 7974:Canada–United States relations 7588:Charter of the French Language 7213:Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946 6833:. Grand Orange Lodge of Canada 6831:"Grand Orange Lodge of Canada" 6288:"And You Can Quote Us on That" 6122:Ajzenstat, Janet (June 2007). 6010:"And You Can Quote Us on That" 3108: 2135:protest from separatists, the 1556:Legal and cultural sovereignty 581:Democracy: The God That Failed 1: 8478:Political movements in Canada 7505:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 7284:Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry 7109:National identities in Canada 6884:Canadian Royal Heritage Trust 5776:Canadian Parliamentary Review 5370:Elkins, David J. (May 1999). 5095:EKOS Research Associates 2002 4202:EKOS Research Associates 2002 3012:Canadian Occasions: Addresses 2953:"Monarchist League of Canada" 2824: 2707:were merged into the unified 2617:Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex 2608:Loyal organizations in Canada 2574:Lieutenant Governor of Quebec 2548:by turning it into a form of 2263:said in a 1970 speech to the 1445:, sometimes referred to as a 1437:, but not necessarily to the 1435:anti-monarchist republicanism 859:Birth of the Italian Republic 6940:Australian Monarchist League 6701:Bousfield & Toffoli 2002 6506:Jackson, Michael D. (2007). 6431:Jackson, Michael D. (2003). 6096:Ward, John (10 April 2009). 5749:Bousfield & Toffoli 2002 5458:. Sydney: Federation Press. 4816:Canadian Monarchist Online. 4256:Canadian Monarchist Online. 4056:Canada and the End of Empire 2638:Grand Orange Lodge of Canada 1821:Still, at the height of the 7: 8036:COVID-19 pandemic in Canada 7962:International relationships 7632:Conscription Crisis of 1944 7627:Conscription Crisis of 1917 7555:Quebec sovereignty movement 7366:Landmarks, parks and nature 6963:Monarchist League of Canada 6666:Toporoski, Richard (1998). 6318:Monarchist League of Canada 6077:(July/August 2007). Toronto 5431:. Review & Commentary. 4417:Monarchist League of Canada 4129:"Who we are and what we do" 3764:The World's Famous Orations 3756:"On Canadian Confederation" 3466:Haslam, Mary (8 May 2003). 3405:Monarchist League of Canada 3122:. In Lingley, Scott (ed.). 2841:Valpy, Michael (May 1999). 2654: 2643:Royal Society of St. George 2633:Monarchist League of Canada 2621:Monarchist League of Canada 2552:, and they further counter 2137:Executive Council of Quebec 2107:Canada's aboriginal peoples 1816:Monarchist League of Canada 1591:the revolution and regicide 1457:Monarchist League of Canada 818:Austro-Hungarian Compromise 744:Birth of the Dutch Republic 49:conditions to do so are met 10: 8494: 8082:Monarchism in the Americas 7926:First Nations territories 7550:National question (Quebec) 7459:Canada and the Vietnam War 7183:Provincial and territorial 6879:Canadian Monarchist Online 5980:"Trudeau and the Monarchy" 5007:Whitaker, Reg (May 1999). 4492:Government of Saskatchewan 3975:Phillips, Stephen (2004). 3624:Canadian Historical Review 3337:. Ipsos. 16 September 2022 2809:elements – 1953: 1672:American republican system 1627:. Further, the republican 1477:Canada's national identity 854:Siamese revolution of 1932 8419: 8386:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 8286: 8275: 8087: 8028: 7961: 7834: 7734: 7686: 7615:Manitoba Schools Question 7518: 7477: 7421: 7365: 7250: 7170: 7108: 7070: 7012: 6994: 6986:Grenada Monarchist League 6976: 6953: 6930: 6570:"John Manley: Republican" 6410:. Toronto: Clarke Irwin. 6075:Literary Review of Canada 5939:Literary Review of Canada 5282:"Manley and the monarchy" 3881:Saywell, John T. (1957). 3758:. Written at Ottawa. In 2778:Newfoundland and Labrador 2250:, who was by then in the 2244:constitutional conference 1871:Personification of Canada 1633:Westminster parliamentary 828:5 October 1910 Revolution 724:Birth of the Roman Empire 8473:Fathers of Confederation 8406:Turks and Caicos Islands 8041:Canadian property bubble 7464:Canada in the Korean War 7202:Debates and legislation: 6612:Canadian Monarchist News 6574:Canadian Monarchist News 6515:Canadian Monarchist News 6440:Canadian Monarchist News 6373:Smith, David E. (1995). 5984:Canadian Monarchist News 5941:(November 2008). Toronto 5897:Smith, David E. (1999). 5856:"The World's Monarchies" 5433:Canadian Monarchist News 5171:Canadian Monarchist News 4295:Canadian Monarchist News 3984:Canadian Monarchist News 3908:Francis, Daniel (1997). 3674:Canadian Monarchist News 3306:Smith, David E. (2017), 2705:Royal Canadian Air Force 2686: 2536:, where the nominee for 2420:Constitutional guarantor 2416:professor Anthony Perl. 2357:Progressive Conservative 2292:Fathers of Confederation 1844:University of Lethbridge 1712:Fathers of Confederation 1683:Fathers of Confederation 571:Considerations on France 107:A skating party held in 8008:Canada–France relations 7996:Commonwealth of Nations 7930:Eeyou Istchee James Bay 7751:Rebellions of 1837–1838 7677:Québécois nation motion 7659:Quebec referendum, 1995 7654:Quebec referendum, 1980 7235:Republicanism in Canada 6402:Monet, Jacques (1979). 6037:"Republican Tendencies" 5935:"Our Canadian Republic" 5860:The Dallas Morning News 5823:The Unfinished Canadian 5592:Raymond Auzias-Turenne. 5144:. CBC. 18 December 1998 4748:Supreme Court of Canada 3760:Bryan, William Jennings 2766:Republicanism in Canada 2666:Republicanism in Canada 2623:at a reception held at 2546:Canadian honours system 2414:Simon Fraser University 2257:parliamentary democracy 2198:In regards to the anti- 2016:Prime Minister's Office 1860:corporate personalities 1769:Commonwealth of Nations 1694:A confederated Dominion 1681:Many of the monarchist 1621:constitutional monarchy 1614:United Empire Loyalists 1520:United Empire Loyalists 1481:the country's tradition 1187:Emperor system of Japan 8321:British Virgin Islands 7842:National organizations 7787:Constitution Act, 1982 7774:Fulton–Favreau formula 7770:debate (1960s to 1982) 7603:Lower Canada Rebellion 7454:Canada in the Cold War 7449:Canada in World War II 7347:Architecture of Canada 7092:Demographics of Canada 6599:Holloway, Ian (2005). 3116:Clarke, George Elliott 3083:"Defending the royals" 2648:United Empire Loyalist 2628: 2449: 2431: 2398: 2365:George-Étienne Cartier 2308:Stephen Phillips, 2002 2305: 2295: 2103: 2042:responsible government 1991:responsible government 1965: 1956:Canadian royal symbols 1905: 1882: 1775:was established as an 1702:' minds following the 1690: 1674: 1602:American Revolutionary 1536: 1527: 1062:Enlightened absolutism 116: 100: 8234:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7738:Territorial relations 7545:Anti-Quebec sentiment 7444:Canada in World War I 7429:Canadian Armed Forces 6668:"The Invisible Crown" 6642:"Queen & country" 6188:Romney, Paul (1999). 5605:"Anti-monarchy myths" 5454:Boyce, Peter (2008). 5284:. CBC. Archived from 4713:Fifty Years the Queen 3636:10.3138/CHR-077-04-02 3516:Mills, David (1988). 3439:Bosher, J.F. (1999). 2924:Empire Club of Canada 2806:University of Toronto 2615: 2442: 2424: 2390: 2298: 2286: 2265:Empire Club of Canada 2222:Canadian constitution 2082: 1963: 1954:Further information: 1898: 1875: 1680: 1665: 1530: 1517: 167:Divine right of kings 106: 82: 8468:Monarchism in Canada 7909:(no final agreement) 7858:North-West Rebellion 7819:Charlottetown Accord 7642:Vive le Québec libre 7593:Civil Code of Quebec 7560:Federalism in Quebec 7485:Government of Canada 7422:War and peacekeeping 7231:Monarchism in Canada 7116:Canadian nationalism 7004:Monarchy New Zealand 6968:Monarchism in Canada 6330:on 15 September 2009 6227:Journal of Education 6154:on 16 September 2007 5351:(3 September 2002). 4429:on 15 September 2009 4237:on 15 September 2009 3721:Knop, Karen (1995). 3417:on 15 September 2009 3081:(13 November 2009). 2888:(13 November 2009). 2627:'s Spoke Club, 2005. 2406:Member of Parliament 2177:Member of Parliament 1999:public opinion polls 1732:William Lewis Morton 1544:General Motors Place 1455:, which include the 805:Unification of Italy 794:Second French Empire 8411:U.S. Virgin Islands 8254:Trinidad and Tobago 8099:Antigua and Barbuda 8018:Canada (New France) 7852:Red River Rebellion 7835:Aboriginal politics 7825:Calgary Declaration 7736:Federal–Provincial– 7671:Sponsorship scandal 7510:VIA Rail Canada Inc 7500:Royal Canadian Mint 7279:Toronto Maple Leafs 7220:National Anthem Act 6924:Commonwealth realms 6716:(31 October 2009). 6621:on 26 February 2009 6294:on 16 February 2009 6268:on 11 November 2009 6016:on 16 February 2009 5962:Winnipeg Free Press 5816:(4 November 2008). 5442:on 29 December 2009 5288:on 20 February 2003 5251:(5 November 2009). 5062:(3 February 2002). 4449:"Symbols of Canada" 4329:"Royally impressed" 4264:on 29 December 2008 4166:on 10 November 2009 3842:Hall, Tony (1998). 3245:(2 February 2002). 3130:on 23 February 2012 2701:Royal Canadian Navy 2558:Demise of the Crown 2496:Daniel Johnson, Jr. 2428:served Canada well. 2370:the Lord Tweedsmuir 2339:and founder of the 2323:, a self-described 1740:popular sovereignty 1641:checks and balances 1587:absolutist monarchy 1415:Canadian monarchism 1378:Politics portal 778:First French Empire 752:Glorious Revolution 36:of this article is 8164:Dominican Republic 8029:Current challenges 7887:Inuit territories 7699:Gendron Commission 7519:Relations between 7478:Crown corporations 7274:Montreal Canadiens 7150:Alberta separatism 7145:Western alienation 7133:Quebec nationalism 7126:Canadian ethnicity 6754:on 9 November 2009 6682:on 9 February 2008 6406:The Canadian Crown 6316:(23 August 1994). 6233:(9). Toronto: 129. 6050:on 4 February 2009 5710:Royal Observations 5636:The Globe and Mail 5357:The Globe and Mail 5280:(7 October 2002). 4738:McLachlin, Beverly 4135:on 7 February 2009 3918:Arsenal Pulp Press 3752:Macdonald, John A. 3579:on 8 February 2012 3251:The Globe and Mail 3163:on 7 November 2012 2894:The Globe and Mail 2794:Robert J. C. Stead 2726:Monarchy of Canada 2629: 2585:Quebec sovereignty 2564:Quebec sovereignty 2522:East Timor in 2006 2296: 2237:Flat Earth Society 2104: 1966: 1753:co-sovereign crown 1708:Canada's formation 1704:American Civil War 1691: 1675: 1668:American Civil War 1666:Casualties of the 1629:rebellions of 1837 1573:to the British in 1528: 1518:A monument to the 1217:List of monarchies 1018:Related ideologies 885:Nepalese Civil War 872:Iranian Revolution 846:Russian Revolution 841:Chinese Revolution 823:German unification 117: 101: 87:in 2008 celebrate 8455: 8454: 8049: 8048: 7807:Meech Lake Accord 7794:Canada Health Act 7746:Province building 7687:Language politics 7403:Plains of Abraham 7398:Chateau Frontenac 7301:Toronto Blue Jays 7258:Culture of Canada 7241:Great Flag Debate 7138:Culture of Quebec 7076:Culture of Canada 7064:Canadian identity 7030: 7029: 6811:on 8 October 2007 6417:978-0-7720-1252-4 6207:978-0-8020-8105-6 6133:978-0-7735-3224-3 5833:978-0-7710-2286-9 5577:République royale 5560:978-1-55028-734-9 5465:978-1-86287-700-9 5249:Russell, Peter H. 5215:978-0-7679-0638-8 4986:978-0-7710-9773-7 4973:A Crown of Maples 4968:MacLeod, Kevin S. 4949:978-0-7710-9773-7 4824:on 13 August 2009 4664:, pp. 94–101 4619:(10 April 2002). 4590:978-1-100-12739-2 4540:on 8 October 2012 4109:on 6 October 2007 3958:978-1-55028-734-9 3931:978-1-55152-043-8 3734:978-0-7748-0500-1 3569:978-0-662-46012-1 3556:A Crown of Maples 3551:MacLeod, Kevin S. 3317:978-1-4875-0247-8 3022:978-0-8369-1275-3 2815:Canadian citizens 2811:Canadian currency 2572:was founded, the 2550:electoral college 2514:the Congo in 1960 2506:fire extinguisher 2472:provincial fields 2386:John A. Macdonald 2288:John A. Macdonald 2139:and the Mayor of 2128:République royale 2069:English Canadians 2054:Political Science 2010:, Prime Minister 1888:, introduction to 1836:Canadian identity 1799:fifty first state 1789:Lester B. Pearson 1785:Louis St. Laurent 1781:Quebec separatism 1716:John A. Macdonald 1700:English Canadians 1687:Quebec Conference 1657:Ogle Robert Gowan 1524:Hamilton, Ontario 1510:National identity 1412: 1411: 810:Meiji Restoration 757:French Revolution 739:Tsarist autocracy 700:Popescu-Tăriceanu 199:Abdication system 177:Royal prerogative 172:Mandate of Heaven 77: 76: 69: 8485: 8376:Saint Barthélemy 8336:Falkland Islands 8281: 8076: 8069: 8062: 8053: 8052: 7947:Royal Commission 7941: 7903: 7801:Victoria Charter 7637:Quiet Revolution 7570:Distinct society 7535:Acadian movement 7413:Canadian Rockies 7378:Winter in Canada 7330:Calgary Stampede 7269:Hockey in Canada 7162:Anti-Americanism 7057: 7050: 7043: 7034: 7033: 6913: 6906: 6899: 6890: 6889: 6863: 6857: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6827: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6750:. Archived from 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6620: 6609: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6523: 6512: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6481: 6475: 6474:, pp. 14–15 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6452: 6437: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6409: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6380: 6370: 6364: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6264:. Archived from 6253: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6195: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6049: 6032: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5975: 5966: 5965: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5921:monarchy canada. 5904: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5862:. Archived from 5851: 5838: 5837: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5773: 5761: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5732: 5713: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5492: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5441: 5430: 5421: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5387: 5376: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5345: 5336: 5335:, pp. 12–13 5330: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5245: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5203: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5163: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5076:on 16 March 2009 5075: 5068: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5013: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4978: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4902: 4896: 4890: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4785:on 11 April 2008 4781:. Archived from 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4754:on 9 August 2009 4750:. Archived from 4740:(5 April 2004). 4734: 4728: 4727: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4627:. Archived from 4613: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4582: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4500: 4489: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4464: 4453: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4367:on 8 August 2009 4353: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4324: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4283: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4233:. Archived from 4226: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4162:. Archived from 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4094: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4050: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4027:. Archived from 4016: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3996: 3981: 3972: 3963: 3962: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3915: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3839: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3718: 3709: 3708:, pp. 85–86 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3686: 3671: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3619: 3613: 3612:, pp. 77–78 3607: 3601: 3600:, pp. 78–79 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3578: 3572:. Archived from 3561: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3481: 3474: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3436: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3361:nationalpost.com 3353: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3276: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3253:. Archived from 3239: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3208:on 5 August 2009 3198:Michener, Roland 3194: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3075: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3042: 3027: 3026: 3003: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2978: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2949: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2882: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2847: 2838: 2818: 2803: 2797: 2787: 2781: 2774: 2768: 2758: 2752: 2748: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2718: 2712: 2697: 2578:Château St-Louis 2554:Edward McWhinney 2538:governor-general 2534:Papua New Guinea 2476:Irish presidency 2456: 2455:, 23 August 1994 2438: 2309: 2279:Non-partisanship 2229:the Royal Family 2046:American culture 2030: 1916: 1894: 1886:Robertson Davies 1856:Manifest Destiny 1840:John Diefenbaker 1823:Quiet Revolution 1773:multiculturalism 1567:Second World War 1551: 1485:the Commonwealth 1448:crowned republic 1433:runs counter to 1427:anti-monarchical 1404: 1397: 1390: 1376: 1375: 1256:Philosopher king 586: 576: 566: 556: 546: 536: 526: 488:Kuehnelt-Leddihn 224:Crowned republic 209:Chinese Legalist 148:Central concepts 141: 119: 118: 97:Canadian monarch 72: 65: 61: 58: 52: 26: 25: 18: 8493: 8492: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8483: 8482: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8429:Central America 8415: 8290: 8282: 8273: 8090: 8083: 8080: 8050: 8045: 8024: 8013:La Francophonie 7957: 7939: 7901: 7883:Self-Government 7872:Indian Register 7830: 7781:Canada Act 1982 7737: 7730: 7682: 7599:Notable events: 7523: 7514: 7473: 7417: 7393:Parliament Hill 7361: 7357:Music of Canada 7352:Canadian humour 7342:Media of Canada 7289:Edmonton Oilers 7246: 7166: 7104: 7099:Canadian values 7066: 7061: 7031: 7026: 7008: 6990: 6972: 6949: 6926: 6917: 6870: 6855: 6847: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6814: 6812: 6805:Monarchy Canada 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6771: 6767: 6757: 6755: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6711: 6707: 6699: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6672:Monarchy Canada 6664: 6660: 6650: 6648: 6638: 6634: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6607: 6597: 6593: 6583: 6581: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6542: 6541: 6537: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6510: 6504: 6500: 6490: 6488: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6435: 6429: 6425: 6418: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6371: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6347: 6343: 6333: 6331: 6311: 6307: 6297: 6295: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6254: 6250: 6242: 6238: 6219: 6215: 6208: 6186: 6182: 6174: 6167: 6157: 6155: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6120: 6116: 6106: 6104: 6094: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6067: 6063: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6033: 6029: 6019: 6017: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5990:on 22 June 2008 5976: 5969: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5931: 5927: 5917: 5895: 5891: 5883: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5852: 5841: 5834: 5814:Horne, Alistair 5811: 5807: 5799: 5795: 5785: 5783: 5771: 5765:Tupper, William 5762: 5755: 5747: 5743: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5704: 5700: 5690: 5688: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5639: 5628: 5624: 5614: 5612: 5611:on 17 July 2009 5603: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5572: 5568: 5561: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5502:on 9 April 2020 5494: 5493: 5489: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5428: 5422: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5388:on 11 June 2011 5385: 5374: 5368: 5364: 5346: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5317: 5315: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5246: 5235: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5194: 5190: 5180: 5178: 5165: 5164: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5057: 5053: 5045: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5025:on 11 June 2011 5022: 5011: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4976: 4961: 4957: 4950: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4903: 4899: 4891: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4858: 4854: 4846: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4814: 4810: 4802: 4798: 4788: 4786: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4708: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4672: 4668: 4660: 4656: 4648: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4614: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4580: 4577:Discover Canada 4569: 4565: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4534: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4501:on 11 June 2011 4498: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4465:on 11 June 2011 4462: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4410: 4406: 4396: 4394: 4387:"Famous Quotes" 4385: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4355: 4354: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4325: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4284: 4277: 4267: 4265: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4227: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4188: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4103:Monarchy Canada 4095: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4051: 4044: 4034: 4032: 4031:on 29 June 2011 4017: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3979: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3943: 3939: 3932: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3879: 3875: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3840: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3808:on 2 April 2009 3798: 3794: 3786: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3749: 3742: 3735: 3719: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3669: 3663: 3659: 3630:(77): 504–537. 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3559: 3548: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3514: 3510: 3502: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3453: 3437: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3380:www.newswire.ca 3372: 3368: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3277: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3240: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3195: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3151: 3150: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3118:(7 June 2005). 3113: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3076: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3043: 3030: 3023: 3004: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2980: 2979: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2916: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2883: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2859:on 11 June 2011 2856: 2845: 2839: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2804: 2800: 2790:Wilfrid Laurier 2788: 2784: 2775: 2771: 2759: 2755: 2749: 2745: 2739:Monarchy Canada 2736: 2732: 2719: 2715: 2709:Canadian Forces 2698: 2694: 2689: 2657: 2610: 2598:Parti Québécois 2566: 2542:Order of Canada 2458: 2451: 2440: 2433: 2422: 2311: 2307: 2281: 2261:Roland Michener 2213: 2132:Wilfrid Laurier 2088:Queen Elizabeth 2077: 2058:Langara College 2038:cultural cringe 2028: 1958: 1952: 1918: 1907: 1902:Canadian ideal. 1896: 1889: 1884: 1873: 1868: 1832:Roland Michener 1779:in Canada, and 1777:official policy 1765: 1749:self-governance 1696: 1653:Roman Catholics 1579:Catholic Church 1563: 1558: 1553: 1538: 1512: 1453:loyal societies 1408: 1370: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1137: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1019: 1011: 1010: 1009: 928: 920: 919: 918: 898: 890: 889: 881: 877:Modern Cambodia 850: 814: 798: 782: 773:Trienio Liberal 761: 719: 711: 710: 709: 599: 591: 590: 589: 584: 574: 564: 554: 544: 534: 524: 362: 354: 353: 352: 328:Self-proclaimed 193: 185: 184: 181: 149: 124:Politics series 73: 62: 56: 53: 42: 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 8491: 8481: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8391:Sint Eustatius 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8326:Cayman Islands 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8297: 8295: 8284: 8283: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8095: 8093: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8078: 8071: 8064: 8056: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8032: 8030: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8021: 8020: 8015: 8005: 8004: 8003: 8001:British Empire 7998: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7981: 7971: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7942: 7932: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7920: 7918:agreement 1993 7910: 7904: 7894: 7885: 7880: 7874: 7869: 7868:(1876-present) 7861: 7855: 7849: 7844: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7790: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7753: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7712: 7711: 7701: 7696: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7667: 7666: 7656: 7651: 7648:October Crisis 7645: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7576:État québécois 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7540:Great Upheaval 7537: 7531: 7529: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7495:Bank of Canada 7492: 7487: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7425: 7423: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7332: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7314: 7303: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7294:Calgary Flames 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7260: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7244: 7238: 7224: 7216: 7209: 7203: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7174: 7172: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7130: 7129: 7128: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7060: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7037: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7024: 7018: 7016: 7014:United Kingdom 7010: 7009: 7007: 7006: 7000: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6982: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6959: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6947: 6942: 6936: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6916: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6869: 6868:External links 6866: 6865: 6864: 6845: 6844: 6822: 6791: 6765: 6748:Financial Post 6734: 6705: 6693: 6658: 6646:Ottawa Citizen 6632: 6591: 6580:on 8 July 2009 6557: 6535: 6524:on 8 July 2009 6498: 6476: 6464: 6453:on 8 July 2009 6423: 6416: 6394: 6387: 6365: 6353: 6341: 6305: 6279: 6248: 6236: 6213: 6206: 6180: 6165: 6139: 6132: 6114: 6088: 6061: 6027: 6001: 5967: 5952: 5925: 5915: 5889: 5877: 5866:on 9 June 2007 5839: 5832: 5805: 5793: 5753: 5741: 5724: 5698: 5675: 5664:on 4 June 2011 5649: 5622: 5596: 5586: 5566: 5559: 5539: 5513: 5487: 5471: 5464: 5411: 5399: 5379:Policy Options 5362: 5349:Valpy, Michael 5337: 5325: 5299: 5269: 5233: 5221: 5214: 5188: 5177:on 8 July 2009 5155: 5133: 5099: 5087: 5051: 5036: 5016:Policy Options 4999: 4985: 4964:Forsey, Eugene 4955: 4948: 4936:Forsey, Eugene 4932:Forsey, Eugene 4923: 4897: 4882: 4870: 4852: 4835: 4808: 4796: 4765: 4729: 4722: 4702: 4690: 4678: 4666: 4654: 4642: 4631:on 23 May 2006 4603: 4589: 4563: 4551: 4532: 4512: 4476: 4440: 4404: 4393:on 31 May 2007 4378: 4361:Ottawa Citizen 4345: 4312: 4301:on 31 May 2010 4287:Valpy, Michael 4275: 4248: 4206: 4194: 4177: 4160:Times Colonist 4146: 4120: 4084: 4072: 4065: 4042: 4008: 3997:on 8 July 2009 3964: 3957: 3937: 3930: 3900: 3893: 3873: 3861: 3848:Canadian Forum 3819: 3792: 3777: 3740: 3733: 3710: 3698: 3687:on 8 July 2009 3657: 3614: 3602: 3590: 3568: 3542: 3528: 3508: 3493: 3482:on 15 May 2004 3458: 3451: 3428: 3401:Gretzky, Wayne 3392: 3366: 3348: 3322: 3316: 3298: 3287:on 1 July 2007 3268: 3257:on 26 May 2004 3243:Valpy, Michael 3219: 3174: 3157:Ottawa Citizen 3141: 3107: 3063: 3051:Calgary Herald 3028: 3021: 2995: 2970: 2959:on 7 July 2009 2941: 2907: 2886:Valpy, Michael 2870: 2850:Policy Options 2829: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2798: 2782: 2769: 2753: 2743: 2730: 2713: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2609: 2606: 2565: 2562: 2493:Quebec Premier 2441: 2435:Pierre Trudeau 2423: 2421: 2418: 2375:personal union 2337:trade unionist 2297: 2280: 2277: 2248:Pierre Trudeau 2212: 2209: 2188:Alistair Horne 2180:Hubert Badanai 2149:Prince William 2145:Régis Labeaume 2096:Queen Victoria 2076: 2073: 2062:self-governing 2025:Ottawa Citizen 2004:Globe and Mail 1951: 1948: 1943:Vincent Massey 1897: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1827:Vincent Massey 1807:Pierre Trudeau 1794:Financial Post 1764: 1761: 1736:Russian Empire 1695: 1692: 1689:, October 1864 1637:American model 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1529: 1511: 1508: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1399: 1392: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1275: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1150: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1136:Related topics 1135: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1050:Traditionalist 1047: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1002: 1001: 1000: 995: 990: 980: 979: 978: 973: 972: 971: 966: 961: 951: 946: 944:Great Officers 941: 930: 929: 927:Administration 926: 925: 922: 921: 917: 916: 911: 906: 900: 899: 896: 895: 892: 891: 888: 887: 882: 880: 879: 874: 868: 866: 861: 856: 851: 849: 848: 843: 837: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 813: 812: 807: 801: 799: 797: 796: 791: 785: 783: 781: 780: 775: 769: 767: 762: 760: 759: 754: 748: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 720: 717: 716: 713: 712: 708: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 601: 600: 597: 596: 593: 592: 588: 587: 577: 567: 557: 547: 537: 527: 511: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 433:Crétineau-Joly 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 364: 363: 360: 359: 356: 355: 351: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 324: 323: 313: 308: 303: 298: 296:Personal union 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 251:Dynastic union 248: 247: 246: 236: 231: 226: 221: 219:Constitutional 216: 211: 206: 201: 195: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 180: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 153: 150: 147: 146: 143: 142: 134: 133: 127: 126: 93:Queen Victoria 75: 74: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8490: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8448: 8447: 8446:South America 8443: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8424:North America 8422: 8421: 8418: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8341:French Guiana 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8289: 8285: 8280: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8259:United States 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8086: 8077: 8072: 8070: 8065: 8063: 8058: 8057: 8054: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8009: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7993: 7992: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7976: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7954: 7951: 7948: 7945: 7938: 7937: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7914: 7911: 7908: 7905: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7833: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7782: 7778: 7775: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7763: 7760: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7678: 7675: 7672: 7669: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7649: 7646: 7644:speech (1967) 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7621:Regulation 17 7619: 7616: 7613: 7610: 7609:Durham Report 7607: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7565:Two Solitudes 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7383:Niagara Falls 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7242: 7239: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7217: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7169: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7157:Annexationism 7155: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7058: 7053: 7051: 7046: 7044: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7011: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6993: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6952: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6914: 6909: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6861: 6860:EKOS Politics 6854: 6849: 6848: 6832: 6826: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6795: 6780: 6779:National Post 6776: 6769: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6738: 6723: 6722:National Post 6719: 6715: 6714:Black, Conrad 6709: 6702: 6697: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6647: 6643: 6636: 6617: 6613: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6545: 6539: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6486: 6480: 6473: 6472:Whitaker 1999 6468: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6434: 6427: 6419: 6413: 6408: 6407: 6398: 6390: 6388:0-8020-7793-5 6384: 6379: 6378: 6369: 6362: 6357: 6350: 6345: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6245: 6240: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6217: 6209: 6203: 6199: 6194: 6193: 6184: 6178:, p. 101 6177: 6172: 6170: 6153: 6149: 6143: 6135: 6129: 6125: 6118: 6103: 6099: 6092: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5972: 5963: 5956: 5940: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5918: 5916:0-8020-4469-7 5912: 5908: 5903: 5902: 5893: 5886: 5881: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5835: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5818:Cohen, Andrew 5815: 5809: 5802: 5797: 5781: 5777: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5750: 5745: 5738: 5727: 5725:1-55002-076-5 5721: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5702: 5686: 5679: 5663: 5659: 5653: 5637: 5633: 5626: 5610: 5606: 5600: 5593: 5589: 5587:9780665040856 5583: 5579: 5578: 5570: 5562: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5543: 5528: 5524: 5517: 5501: 5497: 5491: 5481: 5475: 5467: 5461: 5457: 5438: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5408: 5403: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5342: 5334: 5329: 5314: 5313:National Post 5310: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5230: 5225: 5217: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5201: 5192: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5162: 5160: 5143: 5137: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5072: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5048: 5043: 5041: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5003: 4988: 4982: 4975: 4974: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4951: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4927: 4912: 4911:National Post 4908: 4901: 4894: 4889: 4887: 4879: 4874: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4805: 4800: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4769: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4733: 4725: 4723:1-55002-360-8 4719: 4715: 4714: 4706: 4699: 4694: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4674:Whitaker 1999 4670: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4646: 4630: 4626: 4625:National Post 4622: 4618: 4617:Coyne, Andrew 4612: 4610: 4608: 4592: 4586: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4539: 4535: 4533:2-89461-378-4 4529: 4525: 4524: 4516: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4480: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4444: 4428: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4350: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4203: 4198: 4191: 4190:Phillips 2004 4186: 4184: 4182: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4081: 4076: 4068: 4066:0-7748-0915-9 4062: 4058: 4057: 4049: 4047: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4013: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3969: 3960: 3954: 3950: 3949: 3941: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3916:. Vancouver: 3914: 3913: 3904: 3896: 3894:9780802070418 3890: 3886: 3885: 3877: 3871:, p. 234 3870: 3865: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3717: 3715: 3707: 3702: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3599: 3594: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3546: 3531: 3529:0-7735-0660-8 3525: 3521: 3520: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3498: 3478: 3471: 3470: 3462: 3454: 3452:0-7735-2025-2 3448: 3444: 3443: 3435: 3433: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3363:. 3 May 2023. 3362: 3358: 3352: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3319: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3273: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3146: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3079:Coyne, Andrew 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3052: 3048: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2912: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2855: 2851: 2844: 2837: 2835: 2830: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2747: 2740: 2734: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2518:Burma in 2004 2515: 2509: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2494: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2417: 2415: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2395: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333:Eugene Forsey 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2293: 2290:, one of the 2289: 2285: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2218:head of state 2208: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2193:Michael Valpy 2189: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012:Jean Chretien 2009: 2006:story quoted 2005: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1987:parliamentary 1984: 1979: 1978:The Lord Grey 1975: 1971: 1962: 1957: 1947: 1944: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1895: 1892: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852:Eugene Forsey 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1751:founded on a 1750: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728:New Brunswick 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540:Wayne Gretzky 1535: 1534: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1473:shared nature 1468: 1467:royal house. 1466: 1465:First Nations 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1386: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1305:Regnal number 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1232:Non-sovereign 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1133: 1132: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1045:Authoritarian 1043: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1015: 1014: 1006: 1003: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 988:Crown Council 986: 985: 984: 983:Privy council 981: 977: 974: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 936: 935: 932: 931: 924: 923: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 894: 893: 886: 883: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 847: 844: 842: 839: 838: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 811: 808: 806: 803: 802: 800: 795: 792: 790: 787: 786: 784: 779: 776: 774: 771: 770: 768: 766: 763: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 721: 715: 714: 706: 705:Zourabichvili 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 602: 595: 594: 583: 582: 578: 573: 572: 568: 563: 562: 558: 553: 552: 548: 543: 542: 538: 533: 532: 528: 523: 522: 518: 517: 516: 515: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 418:Chateaubriand 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 370: 369: 368: 358: 357: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 322: 319: 318: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 286:Non-sovereign 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 245: 242: 241: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 196: 189: 188: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 154: 152: 151: 145: 144: 140: 136: 135: 132: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 114: 110: 105: 98: 94: 90: 86: 83:Fireworks at 81: 71: 68: 60: 50: 46: 40: 39: 35: 29: 20: 19: 16: 8444: 8396:Sint Maarten 8381:Saint Martin 8288:Dependencies 8133: 7934: 7896: 7863: 7792: 7785: 7779: 7574: 7230: 7218: 7211: 7097: 7090: 7081: 7074: 6967: 6859: 6837:28 September 6835:. Retrieved 6825: 6813:. Retrieved 6809:the original 6804: 6794: 6782:. Retrieved 6778: 6768: 6756:. Retrieved 6752:the original 6747: 6737: 6725:. Retrieved 6721: 6708: 6696: 6684:. Retrieved 6680:the original 6675: 6671: 6661: 6649:. Retrieved 6645: 6635: 6623:. Retrieved 6616:the original 6611: 6594: 6582:. Retrieved 6578:the original 6573: 6566:Aimers, John 6560: 6548:. Retrieved 6538: 6526:. Retrieved 6519:the original 6514: 6501: 6491:18 September 6489:. Retrieved 6479: 6467: 6455:. Retrieved 6448:the original 6443: 6439: 6426: 6405: 6397: 6376: 6368: 6356: 6344: 6334:11 September 6332:. Retrieved 6328:the original 6322: 6314:Camp, Dalton 6308: 6296:. Retrieved 6292:the original 6282: 6270:. Retrieved 6266:the original 6262:The Province 6261: 6251: 6246:, p. 96 6239: 6230: 6226: 6216: 6191: 6183: 6156:. Retrieved 6152:the original 6142: 6123: 6117: 6107:15 September 6105:. Retrieved 6102:Toronto Star 6101: 6091: 6081:12 September 6079:. Retrieved 6074: 6064: 6052:. Retrieved 6045:the original 6040: 6030: 6018:. Retrieved 6014:the original 6004: 5992:. Retrieved 5988:the original 5983: 5961: 5955: 5945:12 September 5943:. Retrieved 5938: 5928: 5920: 5900: 5892: 5880: 5868:. Retrieved 5864:the original 5859: 5822: 5808: 5803:, p. 88 5801:Buckner 2005 5796: 5784:. Retrieved 5779: 5775: 5751:, p. 22 5744: 5736: 5729:. Retrieved 5709: 5701: 5689:. Retrieved 5678: 5666:. Retrieved 5662:the original 5652: 5640:. Retrieved 5635: 5625: 5613:. Retrieved 5609:the original 5599: 5591: 5576: 5569: 5549: 5542: 5532:19 September 5530:. Retrieved 5527:Toronto Star 5526: 5516: 5504:. Retrieved 5500:the original 5490: 5479: 5474: 5455: 5444:. Retrieved 5437:the original 5432: 5409:, p. 23 5402: 5390:. Retrieved 5383:the original 5378: 5365: 5356: 5328: 5316:. Retrieved 5312: 5302: 5290:. Retrieved 5286:the original 5272: 5260:. Retrieved 5257:Toronto Star 5256: 5231:, p. 17 5224: 5199: 5191: 5179:. Retrieved 5175:the original 5170: 5146:. Retrieved 5136: 5126:11 September 5124:. Retrieved 5112: 5102: 5097:, p. 50 5090: 5078:. Retrieved 5071:the original 5054: 5049:, p. 16 5027:. Retrieved 5020:the original 5015: 5002: 4990:. Retrieved 4972: 4958: 4939: 4926: 4914:. Retrieved 4910: 4900: 4895:, p. 97 4880:, p. 28 4873: 4864: 4861:Grey, Albert 4855: 4850:, p. 27 4828:11 September 4826:. Retrieved 4822:the original 4811: 4806:, p. 38 4799: 4787:. Retrieved 4783:the original 4778: 4768: 4756:. Retrieved 4752:the original 4747: 4742: 4732: 4712: 4705: 4700:, p. 28 4693: 4688:, p. 98 4681: 4676:, p. 15 4669: 4657: 4652:, p. 62 4650:MacLeod 2008 4645: 4633:. Retrieved 4629:the original 4624: 4594:. Retrieved 4576: 4566: 4561:, p. 51 4559:MacLeod 2008 4554: 4542:. Retrieved 4538:the original 4522: 4515: 4503:. Retrieved 4496:the original 4491: 4479: 4467:. Retrieved 4460:the original 4455: 4443: 4433:11 September 4431:. Retrieved 4427:the original 4421: 4413:Elizabeth II 4407: 4395:. Retrieved 4391:the original 4381: 4371:18 September 4369:. Retrieved 4365:the original 4360: 4336:. Retrieved 4332: 4303:. Retrieved 4299:the original 4294: 4266:. Retrieved 4262:the original 4251: 4241:11 September 4239:. Retrieved 4235:the original 4204:, p. 38 4197: 4192:, p. 20 4168:. Retrieved 4164:the original 4159: 4149: 4137:. Retrieved 4133:the original 4123: 4111:. Retrieved 4107:the original 4102: 4082:, p. 89 4080:Buckner 2005 4075: 4055: 4033:. Retrieved 4029:the original 4024: 4001:13 September 3999:. Retrieved 3992:the original 3987: 3983: 3947: 3940: 3911: 3903: 3883: 3876: 3864: 3852:. Retrieved 3847: 3810:. Retrieved 3806:the original 3795: 3788:MacLeod 2008 3768:. Retrieved 3763: 3723: 3701: 3689:. Retrieved 3682:the original 3677: 3673: 3660: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3581:. Retrieved 3574:the original 3555: 3545: 3533:. Retrieved 3518: 3511: 3484:. Retrieved 3477:the original 3468: 3461: 3441: 3419:. Retrieved 3415:the original 3409: 3395: 3383:. Retrieved 3379: 3369: 3360: 3351: 3339:. Retrieved 3334: 3325: 3307: 3301: 3289:. Retrieved 3285:the original 3259:. Retrieved 3255:the original 3250: 3210:. Retrieved 3206:the original 3165:. Retrieved 3161:the original 3156: 3132:. Retrieved 3128:the original 3123: 3110: 3098:. Retrieved 3086: 3054:. Retrieved 3050: 3011: 3007:Buchan, John 2986:. Retrieved 2961:. Retrieved 2957:the original 2932:. Retrieved 2927: 2898:. Retrieved 2893: 2861:. Retrieved 2854:the original 2849: 2801: 2785: 2772: 2756: 2746: 2738: 2733: 2716: 2695: 2582: 2567: 2510: 2501:Andrew Coyne 2488:George Grant 2484: 2459: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2409:Bill Blaikie 2399: 2391: 2384: 2379:W. L. Morton 2361: 2345:George Grant 2325:New Democrat 2321:Farley Mowat 2312: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2273: 2241: 2226: 2214: 2197: 2184:Anglo Saxons 2173:Eastern Bloc 2157: 2153:Prince Harry 2127: 2120: 2105: 2050: 2034: 2023: 2008:Peter Donolo 2003: 1995: 1967: 1934: 1919: 1909:Elizabeth II 1906: 1900: 1899: 1890: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1848:George Grant 1820: 1804: 1792: 1766: 1697: 1645:Orange Order 1618: 1595: 1564: 1561:Colonial era 1537: 1532: 1531: 1496:recent polls 1492:Elizabeth II 1489: 1469: 1452: 1446: 1414: 1413: 1180:Illegitimate 1175:Family trees 1040:Conservatism 1005:Royal assent 789:Liberal Wars 579: 569: 559: 549: 539: 529: 519: 513: 512: 367:Philosophers 366: 365: 306:Principality 122:Part of the 89:Victoria Day 63: 54: 32: 15: 8366:Puerto Rico 8293:territories 8239:Saint Lucia 8174:El Salvador 7898:NunatuKavut 7673:(1996-2004) 7664:Unity Rally 7605:(1837-1838) 7439:War of 1812 7312:Maple syrup 6996:New Zealand 6815:10 February 6703:, p. 8 6651:23 November 6584:13 February 6363:, p. 8 6351:, p. 7 6244:Buchan 1969 6176:Buchan 1969 6054:10 February 6020:11 February 5994:10 February 5887:, p. 7 5885:Tupper 1988 5786:14 December 5691:17 February 5668:17 February 5642:17 February 5407:Elkins 1999 5392:10 February 5278:Murphy, Rex 5181:11 February 5148:11 February 5080:19 February 5029:10 February 4992:9 September 4893:Buchan 1969 4686:Buchan 1969 4662:Buchan 1969 4544:9 September 4469:9 September 4333:Toronto Sun 4139:10 February 4113:16 February 4035:25 February 3790:, p. 7 3506:, p. 3 3504:Haslam 2003 3341:15 February 2863:17 February 2650:Association 2466:1970s, the 2453:Dalton Camp 2353:Dalton Camp 2269:Ed Schreyer 2233:meritocracy 2141:Quebec City 2048:in Canada. 1926:post-modern 1825:, in 1967, 1724:Nova Scotia 1649:Protestants 1600:during the 1500:Charles III 1335:Interregnum 1300:Regnal list 1205:presumptive 1030:Bonapartism 976:Royal guard 939:Appointment 904:Aristocracy 729:Magna Carta 695:Zhirinovsky 598:Politicians 525:(1265-1266) 453:Kierkegaard 8462:Categories 8361:Montserrat 8356:Martinique 8351:Guadeloupe 8149:Costa Rica 7936:Nitassinan 7891:Inuvialuit 7877:Oka Crisis 7865:Indian Act 7768:Patriation 6920:Monarchism 6784:8 November 6758:8 November 6727:8 November 6674:. Summer. 6361:Smith 1999 6349:Smith 1999 6272:6 November 5452:Review of 5446:22 October 5359:. Toronto. 5333:Smith 1999 5318:8 November 5262:8 November 5229:Smith 1999 5060:Ipsos-Reid 5047:Smith 1999 4916:8 November 4878:Smith 1999 4848:Valpy 1999 4758:8 February 4746:(Speech). 4698:Valpy 1999 4596:3 December 4338:8 November 4305:6 November 4268:8 February 4170:8 November 3986:. Summer. 3920:. p. 3706:Mills 1988 3610:Mills 1988 3598:Mills 1988 3385:16 October 3056:2 November 2825:References 2751:happened." 2681:Monarchism 2570:New France 2402:Edward VII 2216:competent 2090:meet with 1938:patriotism 1811:iconoclasm 1598:its empire 1571:New France 1431:monarchism 1423:republican 1320:Succession 1192:Figurehead 1143:Coronation 1092:Luxembourg 1072:Legitimism 1067:Jacobitism 630:Metternich 561:Patriarcha 458:Dostoevsky 388:Bellarmine 361:Philosophy 311:Real union 276:Hereditary 162:Monarchism 57:March 2024 34:neutrality 8434:Caribbean 8346:Greenland 8269:Venezuela 8214:Nicaragua 8184:Guatemala 8104:Argentina 8089:Sovereign 7949:(1991–96) 7815:(1990–91) 7809:(1987–90) 7776:(to 1965) 7764:(1953–56) 7758:(1937–40) 7617:(1890–96) 7324:Festivals 7243:(1963–64) 7121:Canadians 6932:Australia 6601:Ed. Staff 6298:3 January 5870:13 August 5638:. Toronto 5292:16 August 5121:0024-9262 5113:Maclean's 4025:Le Soleil 3869:Knop 1995 3854:24 August 3812:24 August 3770:24 August 3691:22 August 3652:143826895 3644:0008-3755 3583:22 August 3535:22 August 3486:22 August 3421:24 August 3335:ipsos.com 3291:21 August 3261:21 August 3212:21 August 3200:(1971) . 3167:21 August 3134:21 August 3100:21 August 3095:0024-9262 3087:Maclean's 2988:21 August 2963:21 August 2934:21 August 2900:21 August 2896:. Toronto 2592:like the 2468:provinces 2329:socialist 2126:his book 2111:fiduciary 2084:George VI 1610:Maritimes 1548:Vancouver 1340:Rebellion 1325:Anti-king 1310:Sovereign 1261:Pretender 1212:Kingmaker 1148:Criticism 1099:Orléanism 1077:Miguelism 1057:Despotism 1025:Alfonsism 969:Favourite 959:Camarilla 949:Household 914:Oligarchy 909:Autocracy 685:Churchill 551:Leviathan 531:Monarchia 473:Bainville 348:Universal 321:Coregency 291:Pentarchy 214:Composite 45:talk page 8301:Anguilla 8249:Suriname 8224:Paraguay 8199:Honduras 8159:Dominica 8144:Colombia 8114:Barbados 7388:CN Tower 7335:Carnaval 7198:Heraldry 7178:National 6568:(1998). 6158:14 March 5767:(1988). 5737:toffoli. 4574:(2009). 4415:(1973). 4289:(2000). 3754:(1865). 3553:(2008). 3009:(1969). 2676:Monarchy 2655:See also 2478:, which 2349:Red Tory 2200:Catholic 2124:Montreal 2065:Dominion 1738:and the 1608:and the 1471:Crown's 1461:royalism 1295:Regicide 1239:Nobility 1200:apparent 1104:Royalism 1082:Orangism 964:Courtier 690:Renouvin 665:Bismarck 660:Castillo 650:Disraeli 640:Polignac 620:Consalvi 521:De Regno 493:Bogdanor 343:Triarchy 338:Tetrarch 333:Signoria 266:Ethnarch 256:Elective 204:Absolute 131:Monarchy 109:Montreal 38:disputed 8331:Curaçao 8316:Bonaire 8311:Bermuda 8264:Uruguay 8204:Jamaica 8179:Grenada 8169:Ecuador 8124:Bolivia 8109:Bahamas 7940:claimed 7913:Nunavut 7907:Nunavik 7902:claimed 7521:English 7317:Poutine 7306:Cuisine 7251:Culture 7171:Symbols 6978:Grenada 6922:in the 6603:(ed.). 6550:27 June 6544:"Goals" 6457:11 June 6320:(ed.). 5820:(ed.). 5731:7 March 5506:14 July 4970:(ed.). 4938:(ed.). 4505:30 July 4419:(ed.). 3762:(ed.). 3407:(ed.). 2926:(ed.). 2625:Toronto 2463:federal 2252:Cabinet 2161:viceroy 2100:Calgary 2020:Liberal 1913:Toronto 1879:Canada. 1685:at the 1606:Ontario 1494:, more 1352:Usurper 1244:Peerage 1222:Current 1170:Descent 1153:Dynasty 1116:Toryism 1087:Belgium 1035:Carlism 998:Riksråd 993:Makhzen 954:Retinue 718:History 680:Metaxas 675:Maurras 645:Decazes 635:Villèle 625:Plessis 610:Pius VI 605:Mazarin 498:Scruton 468:Maurras 423:Novalis 408:Maistre 403:Bossuet 373:Aquinas 316:Regency 301:Popular 281:Khanate 271:Federal 261:Emirate 229:Diarchy 157:Monarch 85:Toronto 8219:Panama 8209:Mexico 8189:Guyana 8134:Canada 8129:Brazil 8119:Belize 8091:states 7893:(1984) 7879:(1990) 7860:(1885) 7854:(1869) 7827:(1997) 7821:(1992) 7803:(1971) 7797:(1984) 7679:(2006) 7650:(1970) 7623:(1912) 7611:(1839) 7528:Canada 7526:French 7263:Sports 7223:(1980) 7208:(1867) 6955:Canada 6686:5 July 6625:18 May 6528:5 July 6414: 6385: 6204: 6130: 5913: 5830: 5722: 5615:28 May 5584: 5557: 5483:, 5462: 5212: 5119: 4983: 4946: 4789:16 May 4720: 4635:22 May 4587: 4530: 4397:24 May 4063: 3955: 3928: 3891: 3731: 3650: 3642: 3566: 3526: 3449: 3314: 3093: 3019: 2762:note 1 2722:Note 8 2589:Quebec 2520:, and 2446:Queen. 2437:, 1973 2351:; and 2316:biased 2302:Crown. 2169:Mongol 2165:Danish 2102:, 1939 2092:Nakoda 2029:'s 1915:, 1973 1893:, 1994 1850:, and 1726:, and 1720:Canada 1583:Quebec 1550:, 2002 1330:Crisis 1283:Empire 1227:Former 1165:Family 897:Polity 655:Cortés 585:(2001) 575:(1796) 565:(1680) 555:(1651) 545:(1576) 535:(1313) 508:Yarvin 463:Youwei 448:Balmes 443:Cortés 428:Balzac 413:Bonald 398:Hobbes 393:Filmer 8306:Aruba 8194:Haiti 8139:Chile 7984:NORAD 7979:CUSMA 7847:Métis 7408:Banff 7193:Flags 7188:Royal 6856:(PDF) 6619:(PDF) 6608:(PDF) 6522:(PDF) 6511:(PDF) 6451:(PDF) 6436:(PDF) 6048:(PDF) 5772:(PDF) 5687:. CTV 5440:(PDF) 5429:(PDF) 5386:(PDF) 5375:(PDF) 5074:(PDF) 5067:(PDF) 5023:(PDF) 5012:(PDF) 4977:(PDF) 4581:(PDF) 4499:(PDF) 4488:(PDF) 4463:(PDF) 4452:(PDF) 3995:(PDF) 3980:(PDF) 3685:(PDF) 3670:(PDF) 3648:S2CID 3577:(PDF) 3560:(PDF) 3480:(PDF) 3473:(PDF) 2922:. In 2857:(PDF) 2846:(PDF) 2687:Notes 2098:, in 1744:state 1315:Style 1288:Reich 1278:Realm 1249:Realm 1196:Heir 1158:Lists 1109:Ultra 934:Court 670:Mella 615:Ruffo 514:Works 503:Hoppe 483:Evola 438:Gogol 383:Bodin 378:Dante 244:Grand 239:Duchy 192:Types 8371:Saba 8291:and 8229:Peru 8154:Cuba 7969:NATO 7784:and 7524:and 7233:and 7206:Name 6839:2009 6817:2009 6786:2009 6760:2009 6729:2009 6688:2009 6676:1998 6653:2009 6627:2009 6586:2009 6552:2007 6530:2009 6493:2009 6459:2009 6412:ISBN 6383:ISBN 6336:2009 6300:2010 6274:2009 6202:ISBN 6160:2008 6128:ISBN 6109:2009 6083:2009 6056:2009 6022:2009 5996:2009 5947:2009 5911:ISBN 5872:2007 5828:ISBN 5788:2009 5733:2010 5720:ISBN 5693:2009 5670:2009 5644:2009 5617:2009 5582:ISBN 5555:ISBN 5534:2007 5508:2007 5460:ISBN 5448:2009 5394:2009 5320:2009 5294:2008 5264:2009 5210:ISBN 5183:2009 5150:2009 5128:2009 5117:ISSN 5082:2009 5031:2009 4994:2009 4981:ISBN 4944:ISBN 4918:2009 4830:2009 4791:2009 4760:2009 4718:ISBN 4637:2006 4598:2009 4585:ISBN 4546:2009 4528:ISBN 4507:2009 4471:2009 4435:2009 4399:2007 4373:2009 4340:2009 4307:2009 4270:2009 4243:2009 4172:2009 4141:2009 4115:2009 4061:ISBN 4037:2010 4003:2009 3988:2004 3953:ISBN 3926:ISBN 3889:ISBN 3856:2019 3814:2019 3772:2019 3729:ISBN 3693:2019 3640:ISSN 3585:2019 3564:ISBN 3537:2019 3524:ISBN 3488:2019 3447:ISBN 3423:2019 3387:2023 3343:2024 3312:ISBN 3293:2019 3263:2019 3214:2019 3169:2019 3136:2019 3102:2019 3091:ISSN 3058:2009 3017:ISBN 2990:2019 2965:2019 2936:2019 2902:2019 2865:2009 2760:See 2720:See 2703:and 2596:and 2594:Bloc 2355:, a 2347:, a 2335:, a 2327:and 2086:and 1787:and 1651:and 1575:1763 1425:and 1357:list 1273:Rank 1266:List 1121:High 478:Seca 234:Dual 31:The 7490:CBC 6231:XII 6198:249 5206:334 3632:doi 2764:at 2724:at 2167:to 2151:or 2056:at 1639:of 1581:in 1522:in 1487:." 1345:War 8464:: 7326:: 7308:: 7265:: 6858:. 6803:. 6777:. 6746:. 6720:. 6670:. 6644:. 6610:. 6572:. 6513:. 6442:. 6438:. 6260:. 6229:. 6225:. 6200:. 6168:^ 6100:. 6073:. 6039:. 5982:. 5970:^ 5937:. 5919:. 5909:. 5858:. 5842:^ 5780:11 5778:. 5774:. 5756:^ 5735:. 5718:. 5716:24 5634:. 5590:. 5525:. 5414:^ 5377:. 5355:. 5340:^ 5311:. 5255:. 5236:^ 5208:. 5169:. 5158:^ 5111:. 5039:^ 5014:. 4909:. 4885:^ 4838:^ 4777:. 4623:. 4606:^ 4490:. 4454:. 4359:. 4348:^ 4331:. 4315:^ 4293:. 4278:^ 4209:^ 4180:^ 4158:. 4101:. 4087:^ 4045:^ 4023:. 4011:^ 3982:. 3967:^ 3924:. 3922:53 3846:. 3822:^ 3780:^ 3743:^ 3713:^ 3676:. 3672:. 3646:. 3638:. 3626:. 3496:^ 3431:^ 3378:. 3359:. 3333:. 3271:^ 3249:. 3222:^ 3177:^ 3155:. 3144:^ 3085:. 3066:^ 3049:. 3031:^ 2998:^ 2973:^ 2944:^ 2910:^ 2892:. 2873:^ 2848:. 2833:^ 2516:, 2359:. 2331:; 2143:, 1985:; 1911:, 1722:, 1546:, 1542:, 8075:e 8068:t 8061:v 7578:: 7237:) 7229:( 7056:e 7049:t 7042:v 6912:e 6905:t 6898:v 6862:. 6841:. 6819:. 6788:. 6762:. 6731:. 6690:. 6655:. 6629:. 6588:. 6554:. 6532:. 6495:. 6461:. 6444:7 6420:. 6391:. 6338:. 6302:. 6276:. 6210:. 6162:. 6136:. 6111:. 6085:. 6058:. 6024:. 5998:. 5964:. 5949:. 5907:8 5874:. 5836:. 5790:. 5695:. 5672:. 5646:. 5619:. 5563:. 5536:. 5510:. 5468:. 5450:. 5396:. 5322:. 5296:. 5266:. 5218:. 5185:. 5152:. 5130:. 5084:. 5033:. 4996:. 4952:. 4920:. 4832:. 4793:. 4762:. 4726:. 4639:. 4600:. 4548:. 4509:. 4473:. 4437:. 4401:. 4375:. 4342:. 4309:. 4272:. 4245:. 4174:. 4143:. 4117:. 4069:. 4039:. 4005:. 3961:. 3934:. 3897:. 3858:. 3816:. 3774:. 3737:. 3695:. 3678:7 3654:. 3634:: 3628:4 3587:. 3539:. 3490:. 3455:. 3425:. 3389:. 3345:. 3295:. 3265:. 3216:. 3171:. 3138:. 3104:. 3060:. 3025:. 2992:. 2967:. 2938:. 2904:. 2867:. 2728:. 2711:. 1526:. 1403:e 1396:t 1389:v 115:. 99:. 70:) 64:( 59:) 55:( 51:. 41:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Monarchism in Canada

Index