3053:
3077:
3065:
168:
As an alternative approach, potential risk variants identified by GWAS can be examined in combination with molecular pathology analysis on diseased tissues. This GWAS-MPE approach can give not only more precise effect estimates, even larger effects, for specific molecular subtypes of the disease, but
94:
In MPE, investigators dissect interrelationships between exposures (e.g., environmental, dietary, lifestyle and genetic factors); alterations in cellular or extracellular molecules (disease molecular signatures); and disease evolution and progression. Investigators can analyze
237: and has been a subject of international conferences. The International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) Meeting Series, which was established in 2013, has been open to the research community around the world, and five meetings were held through 2021.
2863:
232:
1601:"Challenges and opportunities in international molecular cancer prevention research: An ASPO Molecular Epidemiology and the Environment and International Cancer Prevention Interest Groups Report"
194:
Studies to examine the relationship between an exposure and molecular pathological signatures of disease (particularly, cancer) became increasingly common throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.
74:
projects indicate that disease evolution is an inherently heterogeneous process. Each patient has a unique disease process (“the unique disease principle”), considering the uniqueness of the
197:
The use of molecular pathology in epidemiology lacked standardized methodologies and guidelines as well as interdisciplinary experts and training programs. MPE research required a new
1892:
Patil H, Saxena SG, Barrow CJ, Kanwar JR, Kapat A, Kanwar RK (2017). "Chasing the personalized medicine dream through biomarker validation in colorectal cancer".
1552:"The role of epidemiology in the era of molecular epidemiology and genomics: Summary of the 2013 AJE-sponsored Society of Epidemiologic Research Symposium"
1223:"Molecular epidemiology of EGFR and KRAS mutations in 3,026 lung adenocarcinomas: higher susceptibility of women to smoking-related KRAS-mutant cancers"
2858:
1497:"Epidemiological transition of colorectal cancer in developing countries: environmental factors, molecular pathways, and opportunities for prevention"
2848:
3539:
737:"Phenotypic and tumor molecular characterization of colorectal cancer in relation to a susceptibility SMAD7 variant associated with survival"
337:"Discovery of colorectal cancer PIK3CA mutation as potential predictive biomarker: power and promise of molecular pathological epidemiology"
157:(GWAS), termed "GWAS-MPE approach". Detailed disease endpoint phenotyping can be conducted by means of molecular pathology or surrogate
2898:
4005:
1133:"Gene discovery in familial cancer syndromes by exome sequencing: prospects for the elucidation of familial colorectal cancer type X"
982:"Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology"
2931:
2903:
1943:
2908:
2224:
62:
broadly encompasses MPE and conventional-type molecular epidemiology with the use of traditional disease designation systems.
4000:
2966:
2873:
391:"Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease"
3804:
2956:
3115:
2913:
2477:
2065:
227:
492:"Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field"
78:
and its unique influence on molecular pathologic process. This concept has been adopted in clinical medicine along with
3426:
1981:
54:
of disease, and MPE aims to achieve this goal at molecular, individual and population levels. Typically, MPE utilizes
3532:
2971:
2497:
2080:
1401:
Esterhuyse MM, Kaufmann SH (July 2013). "Diagnostic biomarkers are hidden in the infected host's epigenome". review.
3394:
1697:
786:"Aspirin use, 8q24 single nucleotide polymorphism rs6983267, and colorectal cancer according to CTNNB1 alterations"
541:"Epigenetic analysis leads to identification of HNF1B as a subtype-specific susceptibility gene for ovarian cancer"
2614:
2242:
2219:
1446:"Cellular metabolism in colorectal carcinogenesis: Influence of lifestyle, gut microbiome and metabolic pathways"
169:
also insights into pathogenesis by linking genetic variants to molecular pathologic signatures of disease. Since
686:
Slattery ML, Herrick J, Curtin K, Samowitz W, Wolff RK, Caan BJ, Duggan D, Potter JD, Peters U (February 2010).
3069:
2888:
2838:
2650:
2547:
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2209:
2122:
3081:
2721:
2492:
154:
3525:
2586:
2313:
2733:
2626:
2537:
2350:
2338:
2247:
1936:
1319:
Shanmuganathan R, Basheer NB, Amirthalingam L, Muthukumar H, Kaliaperumal R, Shanmugam K (January 2013).
2803:
2728:
2633:
2169:
596:
Garcia-Closas M, Couch FJ, Lindstrom S, Michailidou K, Schmidt MK, Brook MN, et al. (April 2013).
2925:
2920:
2788:
2487:
2194:
2152:
2116:
2023:
2763:
2462:
2174:
2070:
735:
Garcia-Albeniz X, Nan H, Valeri L, Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Phipps AI, et al. (February 2013).
440:"How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine"
3501:
3108:
3034:
2961:
2793:
262:
181:
MPE began as analysis of risk factors (e.g., smoking) and molecular pathological findings (e.g.,
71:
31:
3548:
1360:
Hughes LA, Melotte V, de
Schrijver J, de Maat M, Smit VT, Bovée JV, et al. (October 2013).
173:
is becoming routine clinical practice, molecular pathology data can aid epidemiologic research.
3614:
3057:
3029:
2808:
2532:
2018:
1929:
1804:"Molecular pathological epidemiology in diabetes mellitus and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma"
272:
252:
202:
59:
784:
Nan H, Morikawa T, Suuriniemi M, Imamura Y, Werner L, Kuchiba A, et al. (December 2013).
645:
Gruber SB, Moreno V, Rozek LS, Rennerts HS, Lejbkowicz F, Bonner JD, et al. (July 2007).
4026:
3699:
3674:
3654:
3289:
3257:
3014:
2798:
2333:
2234:
2127:
1976:
297:
267:
206:
170:
83:
598:"Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci"
3919:
3729:
3679:
3459:
3454:
3411:
3361:
3252:
3231:
2989:
2773:
2638:
2604:
2552:
2377:
2372:
2318:
2274:
2164:
2102:
1991:
1986:
1650:"Proceedings of the second international molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) meeting"
552:
198:
162:
1724:"Proceedings of the third international molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) meeting"
1080:
Galon J, Pagès F, Marincola FM, Angell HK, Thurin M, Lugli A, et al. (October 2012).
8:
3834:
3704:
3416:
3384:
3226:
3194:
2999:
2994:
2768:
2567:
2557:
2392:
2001:
1722:
Campbell PT, Rebbeck TR, Nishihara R, Beck AH, Begg CB, Bogdanov AA, et al. (2017).
282:
43:
1221:
Dogan S, Shen R, Ang DC, Johnson ML, D'Angelo SP, Paik PK, et al. (November 2012).
556:
216:
and Meir
Stampfer in 2010. Specific principles of MPE developed following 2010. The MPE
4031:
3995:
3949:
3929:
3914:
3739:
3734:
3444:
3436:
3421:
3389:
3369:
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3101:
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2204:
2053:
1875:
1848:
1830:
1803:
1748:
1723:
1674:
1649:
1648:
Ogino S, Campbell PT, Nishihara R, Phipps AI, Beck AH, Sherman ME, et al. (2015).
1625:
1600:
1576:
1551:
1523:
1496:
1426:
1296:
1271:
1247:
1222:
1198:
1173:
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687:
622:
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516:
491:
464:
439:
415:
390:
389:
Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, et al. (April 2013).
361:
336:
302:
277:
124:
79:
539:
Shen H, Fridley BL, Song H, Lawrenson K, Cunningham JM, Ramus SJ, et al. (2013).
3934:
3814:
3669:
3481:
2783:
2778:
2706:
2655:
2429:
2409:
2397:
2357:
2328:
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2214:
2107:
2075:
1971:
1909:
1880:
1835:
1753:
1679:
1630:
1581:
1528:
1477:
1418:
1383:
1342:
1301:
1252:
1203:
1174:"Can tissue-based immune markers be used for studying the natural history of cancer?"
1154:
1113:
1062:
1011:
962:
913:
864:
815:
766:
717:
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578:
521:
469:
420:
366:
146:
1495:
Bishehsari F, Mahdavinia M, Vacca M, Malekzadeh R, Mariani-Costantini R (May 2014).
1189:
882:
Sherman ME, Howatt W, Blows FM, Pharoah P, Hewitt SM, Garcia-Closas M (April 2010).
3659:
3401:
3267:
3153:
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2701:
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2472:
2447:
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2189:
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247:
1616:
1378:
1361:
1238:
1131:
Ku CS, Cooper DN, Wu M, Roukos DH, Pawitan Y, Soong R, Iacopetta B (August 2012).
899:
703:
335:
Ogino S, Lochhead P, Giovannucci E, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Chan AT (June 2014).
3944:
3909:
3469:
3449:
3009:
2711:
2514:
2507:
2442:
2382:
2264:
2254:
2184:
2157:
2142:
2097:
2087:
2038:
1905:
1462:
1445:
1414:
1337:
1320:
1287:
312:
688:"Increased risk of colon cancer associated with a genetic polymorphism of SMAD7"
3799:
3609:
3491:
3486:
3406:
2696:
2482:
2419:
2404:
2387:
2345:
2147:
2028:
406:
158:
138:
for potential clinical utility, using large-scale population-based data (e.g.,
1865:
1739:
1665:
1149:
1132:
884:"Molecular pathology in epidemiologic studies: a primer on key considerations"
4020:
3879:
3774:
3664:
3639:
3634:
3374:
3187:
3004:
2883:
2691:
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2542:
2502:
2467:
2457:
2437:
2179:
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2112:
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2043:
1952:
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1513:
1098:
307:
223:
112:
47:
1820:
1318:
752:
507:
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3869:
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3829:
3809:
3719:
3689:
3649:
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3619:
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3306:
3282:
3272:
3177:
3165:
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2301:
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2199:
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2006:
1913:
1884:
1839:
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1634:
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1387:
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1305:
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850:
819:
770:
721:
672:
631:
582:
525:
473:
424:
370:
287:
257:
50:
of disease". Pathology and epidemiology share the same goal of elucidating
35:
1047:
997:
801:
3974:
3969:
3939:
3894:
3839:
3779:
3764:
3759:
3724:
3684:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3464:
3330:
3211:
3206:
3182:
3019:
2716:
2414:
2323:
2286:
1599:
Epplein M, Bostick RM, Mu L, Ogino S, Braithwaite D, Kanetsky PA (2014).
1567:
948:
663:
646:
352:
213:
131:. A putative risk factor can be linked to specific molecular signatures.
128:
55:
931:
Ogino S, Beck AH, King EE, Sherman ME, Milner DA, Giovannucci E (2012).
3959:
3954:
3899:
3884:
3824:
3789:
3784:
3754:
3714:
3694:
3624:
3604:
3496:
3339:
3335:
3311:
3240:
3221:
2645:
2367:
1701:
1031:"CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer: past, present and future"
564:
120:
108:
3517:
595:
455:
3874:
3859:
3844:
3794:
3769:
3351:
3294:
3216:
3143:
3124:
2743:
2562:
2132:
2013:
1472:
1082:"Cancer classification using the Immunoscore: a worldwide task force"
647:"Genetic variation in 8q24 associated with risk of colorectal cancer"
292:
135:
104:
100:
39:
613:
3964:
3889:
3819:
3749:
3744:
3569:
3506:
3301:
3262:
3247:
3170:
3148:
2609:
2362:
1996:
1966:
1494:
217:
188:
142:
116:
75:
58:
pathology resources and data within existing epidemiology studies.
51:
334:
139:
3979:
3709:
3579:
3379:
3344:
3324:
3201:
3138:
2281:
150:
1921:
1359:
3644:
2576:
1849:"Bioactive Nutrients and Nutrigenomics in Age-Related Diseases"
1321:"Conventional and nanotechniques for DNA methylation profiling"
734:
96:
2738:
1846:
1780:
685:
3093:
1721:
1647:
783:
2864:
Committee on the
Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
2670:
933:"Ogino et Al. Respond to "the 21st century epidemiologist""
212:
The term "molecular pathological epidemiology" was used by
183:
1545:
388:
1079:
881:
644:
489:
1362:"The CpG island methylator phenotype: what's in a name?"
538:
490:
Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (March 2011).
1891:
1272:"Integrative cancer epidemiology--the next generation"
1028:
1847:
Rescigno T, Micolucci L, Tecce MF, Capasso A (2017).
1598:
437:
1269:
930:
165:
analysis of diseased tissues and cells within GWAS.
1312:
1270:Spitz MR, Caporaso NE, Sellers TA (December 2012).
1220:
153:therapy). The MPE approach can be used following a
1400:
728:
1029:Curtin K, Slattery ML, Samowitz WS (April 2011).
589:
4018:
1605:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
1130:
888:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
1488:
1394:
835:"The science and art of molecular epidemiology"
16:Discipline combining epidemiology and pathology
1700:. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Archived from
1443:
3533:
3109:
1937:
1715:
1690:
979:
826:
134:MPE research enables identification of a new
1592:
1437:
1165:
875:
839:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
679:
485:
483:
384:
382:
380:
330:
328:
1539:
1353:
1022:
924:
205:) because MPE examines heterogeneity in an
3540:
3526:
3116:
3102:
2899:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1944:
1930:
1641:
1263:
1214:
1171:
1073:
973:
638:
4006:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
2859:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2849:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1874:
1864:
1829:
1819:
1747:
1673:
1624:
1575:
1522:
1512:
1471:
1461:
1377:
1336:
1295:
1246:
1197:
1148:
1107:
1097:
1056:
1046:
1005:
956:
907:
858:
809:
760:
711:
662:
621:
572:
515:
480:
463:
438:Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2012).
431:
414:
377:
360:
325:
986:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
832:
790:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
777:
532:
3547:
2904:Health departments in the United States
1770:Campbell et al. Cancer Causes Cont 2019
1124:
4019:
2909:Council on Education for Public Health
1444:Hagland HR, Søreide K (January 2015).
1403:Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
444:Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
4001:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
3521:
3097:
2967:Professional degrees of public health
2874:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1925:
3064:
2957:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
1325:The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics
42:. It is defined as "epidemiology of
3076:
2225:Workers' right to access the toilet
2066:Human right to water and sanitation
1801:
20:Molecular pathological epidemiology
13:
3427:Fluorescence in situ hybridization
1794:
980:Ogino S, Stampfer M (March 2010).
65:
14:
4043:
2498:Commercial determinants of health
1951:
1501:World Journal of Gastroenterology
1086:Journal of Translational Medicine
28:molecular pathologic epidemiology
3395:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
3075:
3063:
3052:
3051:
2081:National public health institute
1556:American Journal of Epidemiology
1546:Kuller LH, Bracken MB, Ogino S,
1035:Pathology Research International
937:American Journal of Epidemiology
2478:Open-source healthcare software
2220:Sociology of health and illness
1773:
1764:
1190:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.03.001
1172:Koshiol J, Lin SW (July 2012).
2839:Caribbean Public Health Agency
2651:Sexually transmitted infection
2548:Statistical hypothesis testing
2309:Occupational safety and health
2210:Sexual and reproductive health
2123:Occupational safety and health
1853:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
220:is in widespread use globally,
191:mutations in lung carcinoma).
89:
1:
3123:
2493:Social determinants of health
1617:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0848
1379:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-4306
1239:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-3265
900:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0056
704:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1792
319:
155:genome-wide association study
2553:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
2314:Human factors and ergonomics
1906:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.022
1550:, Tracy RP (November 2013).
1463:10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.026
1415:10.1586/14737159.2013.811897
1338:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.06.007
1288:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0424
833:Slattery ML (October 2002).
651:Cancer Biology & Therapy
7:
2734:Good manufacturing practice
2538:Randomized controlled trial
1808:World Journal of Hepatology
1728:Cancer Causes & Control
1654:Cancer Causes & Control
240:
10:
4048:
2804:Theory of planned behavior
2729:Good agricultural practice
2634:Public health surveillance
2526:epidemiological statistics
2170:Public health intervention
407:10.1038/modpathol.2012.214
228:Excessive citations inline
176:
3988:
3555:
3435:
3360:
3131:
3047:
2982:
2941:
2926:World Toilet Organization
2921:World Health Organization
2828:
2817:
2754:
2679:
2595:
2523:
2488:Public health informatics
2428:
2233:
2195:Right to rest and leisure
2024:Globalization and disease
1959:
1866:10.3390/molecules22010105
1740:10.1007/s10552-016-0845-z
1666:10.1007/s10552-015-0596-2
1150:10.1038/modpathol.2012.62
2972:Schools of public health
2764:Diffusion of innovations
2463:Health impact assessment
2175:Public health laboratory
2071:Management of depression
1514:10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6055
1227:Clinical Cancer Research
1099:10.1186/1479-5876-10-205
3502:Microbiological culture
3132:Principles of pathology
3035:Social hygiene movement
2962:Doctor of Public Health
2794:Social cognitive theory
2596:Infectious and epidemic
2378:Fecal–oral transmission
1821:10.4254/wjh.v8.i27.1119
508:10.1136/gut.2010.217182
263:Evidence-based medicine
233:considered for deletion
149:to select patients for
72:The Cancer Genome Atlas
3615:Biological engineering
3030:Germ theory of disease
2809:Transtheoretical model
1178:Annals of Epidemiology
851:10.1136/jech.56.10.728
273:Molecular epidemiology
253:Epidemiological method
203:epidemiological method
60:Molecular epidemiology
3700:Developmental biology
3675:Computational biology
3655:Cellular microbiology
3465:Diagnostic immunology
3290:Programmed cell death
3258:Liquefactive necrosis
2914:Public Health Service
2799:Social norms approach
2789:PRECEDE–PROCEED model
2235:Preventive healthcare
2128:Pharmaceutical policy
1977:Chief Medical Officer
753:10.1093/carcin/bgs335
608:(4): 392–8, 398e1-2.
545:Nature Communications
298:Personalized medicine
268:Molecular diagnostics
171:molecular diagnostics
84:personalized medicine
3920:Reproductive biology
3805:Mathematical biology
3730:Evolutionary biology
3680:Conservation biology
3460:Medical microbiology
3455:Transfusion medicine
3412:Immunohistochemistry
3362:Anatomical pathology
3253:Coagulative necrosis
2990:Sara Josephine Baker
2889:Public Health Agency
2774:Health communication
2639:Disease surveillance
2605:Asymptomatic carrier
2587:Statistical software
2275:Preventive nutrition
2103:Medical anthropology
1992:Environmental health
1894:Drug Discovery Today
664:10.4161/cbt.6.7.4704
353:10.1038/onc.2013.244
199:conceptual framework
163:immunohistochemistry
3705:Ecological genetics
3549:Branches of biology
3417:Electron microscopy
3385:Molecular pathology
3263:Gangrenous necrosis
3195:Cellular adaptation
3000:Carl Rogers Darnall
2995:Samuel Jay Crumbine
2769:Health belief model
2622:Notifiable diseases
2558:Regression analysis
2393:Waterborne diseases
1982:Cultural competence
1698:"The Ogino MPE lab"
1048:10.4061/2011/902674
998:10.1093/jnci/djq031
802:10.1093/jnci/djt331
557:2013NatCo...4.1628.
283:Molecular pathology
201:and methodologies (
44:molecular pathology
3996:History of biology
3930:Structural biology
3915:Relational biology
3740:Generative biology
3735:Freshwater biology
3445:Clinical chemistry
3437:Clinical pathology
3422:Immunofluorescence
3390:Forensic pathology
3370:Surgical pathology
3278:Fibrinoid necrosis
2598:disease prevention
2533:Case–control study
2205:Security of person
2054:Health care reform
1568:10.1093/aje/kwt239
1456:(2 Pt A): 273–80.
949:10.1093/aje/kws229
565:10.1038/ncomms2629
303:Precision medicine
278:Molecular medicine
80:precision medicine
4014:
4013:
3935:Synthetic biology
3815:Molecular biology
3670:Cognitive biology
3515:
3514:
3482:Mass spectrometry
3091:
3090:
3043:
3042:
2953:Higher education
2784:Positive deviance
2779:Health psychology
2755:Health behavioral
2682:safety management
2656:Social distancing
2430:Population health
2410:Smoking cessation
2358:Pharmacovigilance
2329:Injury prevention
2297:Infection control
2215:Social psychology
2165:Prisoners' rights
2108:Medical sociology
2076:Public health law
1972:Biological hazard
1814:(27): 1119–1127.
456:10.1586/erm.12.46
147:colorectal cancer
4039:
3660:Chemical biology
3542:
3535:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3402:Gross processing
3268:Caseous necrosis
3118:
3111:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3079:
3078:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3054:
2949:Health education
2826:
2825:
2680:Food hygiene and
2661:Tropical disease
2473:Infant mortality
2448:Community health
2324:Controlled Drugs
2260:Health promotion
2190:Right to housing
2034:Health economics
1946:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1789:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1276:Cancer Discovery
1267:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1137:Modern Pathology
1128:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1009:
977:
971:
970:
960:
928:
922:
921:
911:
879:
873:
872:
862:
830:
824:
823:
813:
781:
775:
774:
764:
732:
726:
725:
715:
683:
677:
676:
666:
642:
636:
635:
625:
593:
587:
586:
576:
536:
530:
529:
519:
487:
478:
477:
467:
435:
429:
428:
418:
395:Modern Pathology
386:
375:
374:
364:
332:
248:Causal inference
236:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4010:
3984:
3945:Systems biology
3910:Quantum biology
3551:
3546:
3516:
3511:
3470:Immunopathology
3450:Hematopathology
3431:
3356:
3127:
3122:
3092:
3087:
3039:
3010:Margaret Sanger
2978:
2937:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2756:
2750:
2722:Safety scandals
2681:
2675:
2597:
2591:
2525:
2519:
2515:Social medicine
2508:Race and health
2443:Child mortality
2424:
2383:Open defecation
2265:Human nutrition
2255:Family planning
2243:Behavior change
2229:
2185:Right to health
2098:Maternal health
2088:Health politics
2039:Health literacy
1955:
1950:
1920:
1797:
1795:Further reading
1792:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1720:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1646:
1642:
1597:
1593:
1544:
1540:
1507:(20): 6055–72.
1493:
1489:
1442:
1438:
1399:
1395:
1372:(19): 5858–68.
1366:Cancer Research
1358:
1354:
1317:
1313:
1282:(12): 1087–90.
1268:
1264:
1233:(22): 6169–77.
1219:
1215:
1170:
1166:
1129:
1125:
1078:
1074:
1027:
1023:
978:
974:
929:
925:
880:
876:
831:
827:
796:(24): 1852–61.
782:
778:
733:
729:
692:Cancer Research
684:
680:
643:
639:
614:10.1038/ng.2561
602:Nature Genetics
594:
590:
537:
533:
488:
481:
436:
432:
387:
378:
347:(23): 2949–55.
333:
326:
322:
317:
313:Systems biology
243:
221:
179:
92:
68:
66:Disease process
17:
12:
11:
5:
4045:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Marine biology
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Bioinformatics
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Flow cytometry
3489:
3487:Chromatography
3484:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3407:Histopathology
3404:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3333:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2823:
2818:Organizations,
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2524:Biological and
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2485:
2483:Multimorbidity
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2420:Vector control
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:School hygiene
2402:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:Sanitary sewer
2385:
2380:
2375:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2346:Patient safety
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Harm reduction
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1900:(1): 111–119.
1889:
1844:
1802:Gao C (2016).
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:mpemeeting.org
1772:
1763:
1734:(2): 167–176.
1714:
1689:
1640:
1611:(11): 2613–7.
1591:
1538:
1487:
1450:Cancer Letters
1436:
1393:
1352:
1311:
1262:
1213:
1164:
1143:(8): 1055–68.
1123:
1072:
1021:
972:
923:
874:
825:
776:
741:Carcinogenesis
727:
698:(4): 1479–85.
678:
637:
588:
531:
502:(3): 397–411.
479:
430:
376:
323:
321:
318:
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
244:
242:
239:
178:
175:
159:histopathology
91:
88:
67:
64:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4044:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:Phylogenetics
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Human biology
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Chronobiology
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3640:Biotechnology
3638:
3636:
3635:Biostatistics
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Cytopathology
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:Accumulations
3317:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:Wound healing
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3084:
3083:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Joseph Lister
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Health Canada
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:Organizations
2827:
2824:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Vaccine trial
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Relative risk
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Health equity
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Health system
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Global health
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Biostatistics
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2337:
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2208:
2206:
2203:
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2104:
2101:
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2049:Health system
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2046:
2045:
2044:Health policy
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:Public health
1947:
1942:
1940:
1935:
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1928:
1927:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
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1895:
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1886:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
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1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1827:
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1809:
1805:
1800:
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1416:
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1409:(6): 625–37.
1408:
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1367:
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1348:
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1200:
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1100:
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1013:
1008:
1003:
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927:
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901:
897:
894:(4): 966–72.
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889:
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845:(10): 728–9.
844:
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817:
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723:
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657:(7): 1143–7.
656:
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648:
641:
633:
629:
624:
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401:(4): 465–84.
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372:
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363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
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338:
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308:Public health
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113:transcriptome
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63:
61:
57:
53:
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48:heterogeneity
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
4027:Epidemiology
3925:Sociobiology
3905:Protistology
3870:Photobiology
3865:Pharmacology
3855:Parasitology
3850:Paleontology
3830:Neuroscience
3810:Microbiology
3720:Epidemiology
3690:Cytogenetics
3650:Cell biology
3630:Biosemiotics
3620:Biomechanics
3600:Biogeography
3595:Biochemistry
3590:Bacteriology
3585:Astrobiology
3477:Enzyme assay
3323:
3318:
3307:Karyorrhexis
3283:Myocytolysis
3273:Fat necrosis
3178:Inflammation
3166:Hemodynamics
3159:Pathogenesis
3080:
3068:
3056:
3025:Radium Girls
3020:Typhoid Mary
2707:Microbiology
2577:
2569:
2453:Epidemiology
2351:Organization
2302:Oral hygiene
2292:Hand washing
2270:Healthy diet
2200:Right to sit
2093:Labor rights
1897:
1893:
1856:
1852:
1811:
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1775:
1766:
1731:
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1702:the original
1692:
1657:
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1559:
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1504:
1500:
1490:
1453:
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1439:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1331:(1): 17–26.
1328:
1324:
1314:
1279:
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1226:
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1181:
1177:
1167:
1140:
1136:
1126:
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1085:
1075:
1038:
1034:
1024:
992:(6): 365–7.
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985:
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943:(8): 672–4.
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877:
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838:
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340:
288:Pathogenesis
258:Epidemiology
226:
211:
196:
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182:
180:
167:
133:
93:
69:
36:epidemiology
27:
23:
19:
18:
3975:Xenobiology
3970:Virophysics
3940:Systematics
3895:Primatology
3840:Ornithology
3780:Ichthyology
3765:Herpetology
3760:Gerontology
3725:Epigenetics
3685:Cryobiology
3575:Agrostology
3565:Aerobiology
3560:Abiogenesis
3331:Hemosiderin
3212:Hyperplasia
3207:Hypertrophy
3183:Cell damage
3082:WikiProject
2822:and history
2702:Engineering
2415:Vaccination
2287:Food safety
1548:Prentice RL
1225:. primary.
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788:. primary.
739:. primary.
690:. primary.
649:. primary.
600:. primary.
543:. primary.
214:Shuji Ogino
129:interactome
90:Methodology
4021:Categories
3960:Toxicology
3955:Teratology
3900:Proteomics
3885:Physiology
3825:Neontology
3790:Lipidology
3785:Immunology
3755:Geobiology
3715:Embryology
3695:Dendrology
3625:Biophysics
3605:Biogeology
3497:Blood bank
3340:Lipofuscin
3336:Lipochrome
3312:Karyolysis
3241:Cell death
3222:Metaplasia
2835:Caribbean
2712:Processing
2646:Quarantine
2568:Student's
2368:Sanitation
2002:History of
1859:(1): 105.
1726:. review.
1708:2020-04-07
1499:. review.
1448:. review.
1364:. review.
1323:. review.
1176:. review.
1135:. review.
1084:. review.
1041:: 902674.
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886:. review.
494:. review.
442:. review.
393:. review.
339:. review.
320:References
209:variable.
121:microbiome
109:metabolome
70:Data from
34:combining
32:discipline
4032:Pathology
3875:Phycology
3860:Pathology
3845:Osteology
3835:Nutrition
3795:Mammalogy
3770:Histology
3352:Steatosis
3295:Apoptosis
3232:Glandular
3217:Dysplasia
3149:Neoplasia
3144:Infection
3125:Pathology
3015:John Snow
2942:Education
2932:Full list
2820:education
2744:ISO 22000
2697:Chemistry
2610:Epidemics
2563:ROC curve
2373:Emergency
2153:Radiation
2133:Pollution
2117:Ministers
2014:Euthenics
1473:1956/8817
293:Pathology
231:is being
136:biomarker
105:epigenome
101:methylome
40:pathology
3989:See also
3965:Virology
3950:Taxonomy
3890:Pomology
3820:Mycology
3750:Genomics
3745:Genetics
3570:Agronomy
3507:Serology
3302:Pyknosis
3248:Necrosis
3227:Squamous
3171:Ischemia
3058:Category
2757:sciences
2692:Additive
2363:Safe sex
2334:Medicine
2248:Theories
2019:Genomics
1997:Eugenics
1987:Deviance
1967:Auxology
1914:27693431
1885:28075340
1840:27721917
1758:28097472
1684:25956270
1635:25277796
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1423:23895131
1388:23801749
1347:23127612
1306:23230187
1257:23014527
1208:22481034
1159:22522846
1118:23034130
1067:21559209
1016:20208016
967:22935516
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820:24317174
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722:20124488
673:17630503
632:23535733
583:23535649
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526:21036793
474:22845482
425:23307060
371:23792451
341:Oncogene
241:See also
224:template
218:paradigm
189:oncogene
143:mutation
125:immunity
117:proteome
76:exposome
52:etiology
3980:Zoology
3710:Ecology
3580:Anatomy
3380:Autopsy
3345:Melanin
3325:pigment
3202:Atrophy
3139:Disease
3070:Commons
2983:History
2880:Canada
2855:Europe
2339:Nursing
2319:Hygiene
2282:Hygiene
2007:Liberal
1960:General
1876:6155887
1831:5037325
1749:5303153
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1626:4221505
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574:3848248
553:Bibcode
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465:3492839
416:3637979
362:3818472
207:outcome
177:History
151:aspirin
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3645:Botany
2870:India
2845:China
2717:Safety
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2572:-test
2158:Light
2143:Water
1427:S2CID
222:‹The
187:G12C
2671:WASH
2627:List
2615:List
2148:Soil
1910:PMID
1881:PMID
1836:PMID
1754:PMID
1680:PMID
1631:PMID
1582:PMID
1529:PMID
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1384:PMID
1343:PMID
1302:PMID
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1204:PMID
1155:PMID
1114:PMID
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1012:PMID
963:PMID
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367:PMID
184:KRAS
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