673:
524:
510:
166:
183:
152:
1522:
783:
was about a form in meeting the interests of
Moldavian population (autonomous republic, autonomous oblast, district, or raion). Whereas in process of carried work it became clear that statistical data on the number of Moldavians presented by the Kotovsky's commission is inflated compared to official, on 18 April 1924 the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Ukraine approved to consider the creation of the autonomy inappropriate. However, in Moscow this position was ignored. The
996:
1801:
681:
894:
661:
1305:, the Latin script and literary Romanian language was introduced in Moldavian schools and public use. Madan's books were removed from libraries and destroyed. This movement, however, was short lived, and in the second half of the 1940s a new trend of moving languages to the Cyrillic script started in the Soviet Union.
2175:
Vol. I. New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons. 1936. p. 77. "This exclusively agricultural community... may perhaps be regarded as a lasting embodiment of the protest of the USSR against the Roumanian seizure of Bessarabia, which, it is hoped, may one day be enabled, as South Moldavia, to unite with the
774:
in 1924, in which a
Russian politician, Vadeev says that "all the oppressed Moldavians from Bessarabia look at the future Republic like at a lighthouse, which spreads the light of freedom and human dignity," as well as in a book published in Moscow, which claimed that "once the economic and cultural
782:
On March 7, 1924, the
Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Ukraine recognized a political prudence in creation of autonomy, yet to the final untangling of the question it was decided to return after a careful ascertainment of situation in the region. The debated question
750:
who argued that the new establishment would only strengthen the position of
Romanians towards Bessarabia and able to activate "expansionist claims of Romanian chauvinism", Kremlin launched a campaign to create the autonomy attracting to it Bessarabian refugees and Romanian political emigrants who
794:
contained categorical indication for the
Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine on allocation of the Moldavian population into a special Autonomous republic as part of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic and obligated it to report already after a month about the course of the
2187:
2111:
901:
The area was quickly industrialized, and because of the lack of a qualified workforce, a significant migration from other Soviet republics occurred, predominantly
Ukrainians and Russians. In particular, in 1928, of 14,300 industrial workers only about 600 were Moldavians.
736:). The memorandum emphasized on the fact that on the left bank of Dniester compactly live from 500,000 to 800,000 Moldavians and that creation of Moldavian republic would play a role of powerful political and propaganda factor in solving the so-called
775:
growth of
Moldavia has begun, aristocracy-led Romania will not be able to maintain its hold on Bessarabia." While the creation of ethnic-based autonomous republics was a general Soviet policy at that time, with the creation of the Moldavian ASSR, the
622:. It was an artificial political creation inspired by the Bolshevik nationalities policy in the context of the loss of larger Bessarabia to Romania in April 1918. In such a manner, the Bolshevik leadership tried to radicalize pro-Soviet feelings in
939:
in
Ukraine, occurred, with tens of thousands of peasants dying of starvation. During the famine, thousands of inhabitants tried to escape over the Dniester, despite the threat of being shot. The most notable such incident happened near the village
672:
2176:
northern half of what is claimed to be a single community. With this view, the
Moldavian Republic maintains a sovnarkom of People's Commissars, but is for many purposes dealt with as if it were merely an oblast of the Ukraine."
766:
would be revolutionized. For the Soviets the republic was to be a way for winning over Bessarabians of Romania and the first step towards a revolution in Romania. This purpose is explained in an article of the newspaper
922:) of southern Ukrainian SSR. Troops from Moscow were sent to the region and suppressed the unrest, resulting in ca. 4000 deaths. The insurrections were at the time completely denied by the official Kremlin press.
1324:
and the Latin script was banned. However, the literary language did not fully return to Madan's creation and remained closer to Romanian. After 1956, Madan's influences were entirely dropped from school books.
1909:(Moldavian SSR), which consisted of six counties of Bessarabia joined with the westernmost part (with an area of 4,118 km (1,590 sq mi)) of what had been the MASSR, effectively dissolving it.
3026:
1483:
1256:
2536:
171:
2027:
1368:
1275:
was heavily promoted in the republic. Modern linguists generally agree that there is little difference between the two, mainly in accent and vocabulary. The republic also promoted
1357:
2012:
1422:
1241:
Despite this extensive territory allotted to the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, about 85,000 Moldavians remained in Ukraine outside the territory of MASSR.
382:
2969:
2931:
2831:
2756:
2641:
2634:
1476:
1294:
was assigned the task of establishing a literary standard, based on the Moldavian dialects of Transnistria and Bessarabia, as well as Russian loanwords or Russian-based
928:
in the MASSR was even more fast-paced than in Ukraine and was reported to be complete by summer 1931. This was accompanied by the deportation of about 2,000 families to
1003:
Moldavian ASSR had a mixed population, in which less than one third was Moldavian. At its creation, its area was 7,516 km (2,902 sq mi) and included 11
157:
1747:
651:
315:
2911:
2871:
2609:
2276:
3021:
2529:
1983:
1469:
762:
On the other hand, Kotovski held that a new republic would spread Communist ideas into neighboring Bessarabia, with a chance that even Romania and the entire
688:
The active propagandist of idea in creation of Moldavian autonomy on territory of Ukrainian Transnistria was Russian revolutionary and a native of Bessarabia
2037:
1872:
1742:
1282:
As part of the effort to keep the language in Soviet Moldavia ("Moldavian Socialist culture") far from Romanian influences ("Romanian bourgeois culture"), a
875:
635:
2906:
2866:
2579:
732:(also known as Isidor Cantor), Theodor Diamandescu, Teodor Chioran, and Vladimir Popovici, all signatories being Bolshevik activists (several of them from
1891:), as well as some adjoining regions with a Romanian majority, such as the Hertsa region, were annexed to the Ukrainian SSR. The transfer of Bessarabia's
3016:
2891:
2676:
1378:
1320:, were removed from their positions and repressed, with a large number of them executed. In 1938 the Cyrillic script was again declared official for the
717:
1962:
944:
on February 23, 1932, when 40 persons were shot. This was reported in European newspapers by survivors. The Soviet side reported this as an escape of "
2746:
2706:
2522:
2325:
1938:
1565:
2926:
2791:
2671:
2599:
1947:
1924:
822:
Initially (March 1924) organized as an oblast (Moldavian Autonomous Oblast), it had only four districts, all of them having a Moldavian majority:
2846:
2619:
1867:
to comply. Under duress, with no prospect of aid from France or Britain, Romania ceded those territories. On June 28, Soviet troops crossed the
2851:
2741:
2691:
2661:
1406:
1291:
31:
975:. In the context in which a new radio mast, M. Gorky, built in 1936 in Tiraspol, allowed a greater coverage of the territory of Moldavia, the
787:(VUTsVK) yet went further and about a week later on 24 April 1924 it created the VUTsVK Central Commission on affairs of national minorities.
2901:
2896:
2806:
2781:
2776:
2766:
2666:
2624:
2604:
2594:
2564:
2242:
2042:
1338:
725:
795:
relevant work. The decision about creation of the Autonomous Moldavian Socialist Soviet Republic was accepted by the 8th convocation of the
3031:
2821:
2751:
2584:
2569:
1829:
1672:
2963:
2916:
2861:
2856:
2841:
2826:
2801:
2701:
2629:
2614:
2574:
2559:
3056:
2921:
2816:
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2761:
2711:
2696:
2686:
2681:
744:
2881:
2876:
2651:
2646:
1847:
On June 26, 1940 the Soviet government issued an ultimatum to the Romanian minister in Moscow, demanding Romania to immediately cede
796:
784:
701:
665:
165:
3051:
1752:
693:
2545:
587:
131:
1772:
2484:
King, Charles (March 1998). "Ethnicity and institutional reform: The dynamics of "indigenization" in the Moldovan ASSR".
1906:
1735:
976:
791:
756:
697:
517:
503:
135:
2188:
VUTsVK Central Commission on affairs of national minorities (ЦЕНТРАЛЬНА КОМІСІЯ У СПРАВАХ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ МЕНШИН ПРИ ВУЦВК)
151:
2273:
2392:
2358:
2337:
1531:
3046:
3041:
1822:
1692:
1617:
1385:
890:
The Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established inside the Ukrainian SSR, on 12 October 1924.
2292:
1787:
17:
1328:
This policy remained in effect until 1989. Use of Cyrillic is still enforced in Moldova's breakaway region of
3036:
1879:. Territories where ethnic Ukrainians were the largest ethnic group (parts of Northern Bukovina and parts of
1660:
2514:
914:
reported a number of anti-Soviet uprisings among peasants and factory workers in Tiraspol and other cities (
335:
1521:
1279:
towards Romania, proclaiming that the Moldavians in Bessarabia were "oppressed by Romanian imperialists".
1815:
1501:
639:
1592:
2771:
2589:
1647:
1283:
567:
349:
62:
2063:
859:
and included several other territories, including some with little Moldavian population, such as the
626:
with the goal of setting up favorable conditions for the creation of a geopolitical "place d'armes" (
2032:
1697:
1572:
1640:
1612:
676:
The 1922 map of Odessa and Mykolaiv Governorates before the establishment of the Moldavian ASSR
709:
1884:
1627:
1313:
611:
182:
2460:(Ethnocultural policy in Moldavian ASSR), Prut International publishing house, Chişinău 2003
2486:
1702:
737:
8:
2406:
2000:
1864:
1777:
1538:
1012:
According to the 1926 Soviet census, the Republic had a population of 572,339, of which:
919:
856:
812:
1301:
In 1932, when in the entire Soviet Union there was a trend to move all languages to the
815:
Governorates of Ukraine. It accounted for two percent of the land and population of the
807:
The Moldavian ASSR was created from a territory previously administered as parts of the
2503:
1510:
1390:
1373:
1321:
1268:
808:
575:
359:
82:
2507:
2418:
2388:
2354:
2333:
2293:"Radiofonie românească: Radio Basarabia – Cultură – Radio România Actualităţi Online"
1852:
1667:
1417:
1287:
1272:
984:
952:
915:
721:
559:
341:
54:
870:(Chișinău)". Meanwhile, a provisional capital was established in Balta and moved to
2495:
2473:, București: Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului, Imprimeria Națională, 1939
2022:
2017:
951:
On 30 October 1930, from an improvised studio in Tiraspol, started broadcasting in
925:
747:
705:
689:
368:
108:
1260:
2280:
2247:
1782:
1685:
980:
910:
729:
743:
Establishing the republic became a matter of dispute. Despite the objections of
594:
between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing the modern territory of
1805:
860:
713:
218:
2499:
3010:
2544:
2422:
1956:
1876:
1343:
1172:
1155:
941:
879:
867:
816:
655:
615:
591:
411:
204:
634:
by projecting influence upon Romanian Bessarabia, which would eventually be
1860:
1587:
1547:
1329:
1302:
1255:
956:
863:
district (where the capital was located), which had only 2.52% Moldavians.
826:
776:
696:). In February 1924, a memorandum directed to the Central Committee of the
595:
893:
2269:
1722:
1622:
1309:
1276:
1250:
836:
2466:
1848:
1317:
1138:
1045:
964:
929:
627:
623:
866:
The official capital was proclaimed the "temporarily occupied city of
1892:
1552:
1189:
1064:
995:
936:
830:
733:
680:
2220:
2145:
1899:
1868:
1863:, which needed a stable Romania and access to its oil fields urged
1605:
1582:
1577:
1083:
972:
871:
842:
770:
630:), in an attempt to execute a breakthrough in the direction of the
226:
790:
Accepted on 29 July, the decision of the Central Committee of the
660:
2028:
Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova
1765:
1332:, where it is claimed to be returning the language to its roots.
1119:
960:
763:
619:
603:
546:
542:
118:
Moldavskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika
855:
On 12 October 1924, the oblast was elevated to the status of an
3027:
Autonomous republics of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1896:
1888:
1880:
1295:
848:
752:
631:
1952:
April 1932 – June 1937 Griogriy Stary (arrested June 22, 1937)
187:
Map of the Moldavian ASSR and territory claimed (hatched area)
2045:– an ASSR with similar purpose on the Soviet-Finnish frontier
2013:
Moldavia Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine
1856:
1543:
1312:, many intellectuals in the Moldavian ASSR, accused of being
1005:
945:
324:
2409:[Geopolitical Aspect of the Transnistrian Conflict]
1902:
to Ukraine ensured its control by a stable Soviet republic.
2448:
The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture
2330:
The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the politics of culture
968:
102:Молдавская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика
92:
Moldavsʹka Avtonomna Radyansʹka Sotsialistychna Respublika
2546:
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union
652:
12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
2069:
Moldavska Avtonomna Radianska Sotsialistychna Respublika
27:
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union
2332:, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 2000.
897:
Romania, and east of it, the Moldavian ASSR in the USSR
874:
in 1929, where it remained until part of the MASSR was
580:Молдавська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка
90:
76:Молдавська Автономна Радянська Соціалістична Республіка
851:– 45,545 inhabitants, of which 24,249 Moldavians – 53%
839:– 57,371 inhabitants, of which 33,600 Moldavians – 58%
2038:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1286:
was used to write the language, in contrast with the
1263:
of the Moldavian ASSR began appearing on July 1, 1924
564:
Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească
116:
48:
Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească
2374:, Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, 1982, p.209
1905:
On August 2, 1940, the Soviet Union established the
572:Република Аутономэ Советикэ Cочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ
67:Република Аутономэ Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ
1244:
2407:"Aspect Geopolitic al Conflictului Transnistrean"
3008:
2471:Vechimea așezărilor românești dincolo de Nistru
2404:
2385:International Law: Essays in Honour of Eric Suy
2274:Radio Moldova se revendica de la Radio Tiraspol
779:also hoped to bolster its claim to Bessarabia.
74:
2405:Covalschi, Stanislav; Leancă, Viorica (2014).
1989:May 1937 – July 1938 Georgiy Streshny (acting)
556:Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
46:
40:Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
32:Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
3022:States and territories disestablished in 1940
2530:
2415:Jurnalul juridic național: Teorie și practică
2372:The Warsaw Pact: Arms, Doctrine, and Strategy
2043:Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
1823:
1477:
959:of 4 kW whose main purpose was the anti-
638:and annexed in 1940 after the signing of the
100:
2458:Politica etnoculturală în RASS Moldovenească
2201:
2199:
2197:
2125:
2123:
2121:
948:elements subverted by Romanian propaganda."
3017:States and territories established in 1924
2537:
2523:
2191:. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2013
1830:
1816:
1484:
1470:
935:In 1932 and 1933 another famine, known as
181:
2194:
2118:
1290:officially used in Romania. The linguist
797:All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
785:All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
666:All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
610:functioning as an independent state; see
2321:
2319:
1979:April 25, 1925 – May 1926 Griogriy Stary
1254:
994:
892:
679:
671:
659:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1875:Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the
799:at its 3rd session on 12 October 1924.
694:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
14:
3009:
1968:
905:In 1925, the MASSR survived a famine.
829:– 48,748 inhabitants, of which 25,387
702:Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine
2518:
2387:, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1998,
2351:Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations
2316:
2173:Soviet Communism: A New Civilisation?
2115:. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.
1912:
745:Soviet commissar of foreign relations
614:) as well as much of the present-day
354:Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, униць-вэ!
346:Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă!
262:8,288 km (3,200 sq mi)
252:7,516 km (2,902 sq mi)
2483:
2084:
373:Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!
316:Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
3032:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
1907:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
792:Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik)
757:Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic
698:Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik)
518:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
504:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
24:
2477:
25:
3068:
3057:1940 disestablishments in Ukraine
2158:King, p.54, who cites Bochacher,
999:Ethnic composition of MASSR, 1926
700:and the Central Committee of the
2450:, Hoover Institution Press, 2000
2112:Moldavian ASSR (МОЛДАВСЬКА АРСР)
1799:
1693:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
1520:
522:
508:
364:Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся!
164:
150:
2440:
2398:
2377:
2364:
2353:, John Wiley & Sons, 1988,
2343:
2303:
2285:
2263:
2254:
2236:
2227:
1245:Promotion of Moldavian identity
990:
3052:1924 establishments in Ukraine
2993:Autonomous Republic since 1934
2988:Autonomous Republic since 1925
2983:Autonomous Republic since 1923
2978:Autonomous Republic since 1920
2208:
2179:
2165:
2152:
2132:
2056:
1943:May 1926 – 1928 Griogriy Stary
1788:History of independent Moldova
1673:Romanian military intervention
1009:on the left bank of Dniester.
571:
353:
66:
13:
1:
2077:
1842:
1661:Moldavian Democratic Republic
684:The map of the Moldavian ASSR
2171:Sidney & Beatrice Webb.
2149:, 9 September 1924, no. 1429
845:– almost entirely Moldavians
802:
336:Workers of the world, unite!
7:
2383:Karel C Wellens, Eric Suy,
2006:
1974:Central Executive Committee
1316:, bourgeois nationalist or
1308:In 1937, during the Soviet
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
668:on creation of the republic
645:
117:
91:
10:
3073:
2297:www.romania-actualitati.ro
1937:April 25, 1925 – May 1926
1932:Soviet People's Commissars
1923:October 1924 – April 1925
1248:
1222:
977:Romanian state broadcaster
885:
649:
208:(declared "occupied city")
29:
2948:
2729:
2720:
2552:
2500:10.1080/00905999808408550
1232:
1227:
1025:
1022:
1017:
979:started in 1937 to build
579:
538:
483:
469:
465:
461:
457:
447:
437:
433:
425:
421:
417:
405:
395:
391:
381:
372:
363:
334:
321:
309:
302:
298:
288:
278:
274:
266:
256:
246:
238:
191:
180:
146:
141:
130:
101:
75:
39:
2243:Disorder in the Ukraine?
2162:, Gosizdat, Moscow, 1926
2049:
2033:Transnistria Governorate
1698:Transnistria Governorate
1606:Principality of Moldavia
1593:Voivodeship of Maramureș
1339:Administrative divisions
1284:reformed Cyrillic script
30:Not to be confused with
3047:History of Odesa Oblast
3042:History of Transnistria
1773:Independence of Moldova
1753:Anti-fascist resistance
1573:Origin of the Romanians
878:into the newly created
640:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
2370:William Julian Lewis,
1641:Bessarabia Governorate
1264:
1000:
898:
685:
677:
669:
563:
470:Political subdivisions
449:• Disestablished
345:
47:
1628:United Principalities
1314:enemies of the people
1271:is distinct from the
1259:The weekly newspaper
1258:
998:
896:
683:
675:
663:
650:Further information:
612:Transnistria conflict
3037:Moldovan irredentism
2930:1991–92
2925:1990–91
2920:1961–92
2915:1958–90
2910:1957–91
2905:1957–92
2900:1956–91
2895:1944–57
2890:1936–90
2880:1936–90
2875:1936–90
2870:1936–44
2865:1936–44
2860:1935–43
2855:1934–90
2850:1934–90
2845:1932–92
2840:1931–92
2830:1926–36
2825:1925–36
2820:1925–92
2815:1924–29
2810:1924–40
2805:1923–40
2800:1923–90
2795:1922–91
2790:1921–90
2780:1921–24
2775:1921–91
2770:1921–45
2765:1921–91
2760:1920–90
2755:1920–25
2750:1919–90
2745:1918–41
2740:1918–24
2487:Nationalities Papers
1984:Yevstafiy Voronovich
1982:May 1926 – May 1937
738:Bessarabian question
2912:Kabardino-Balkarian
2872:Kabardino-Balkarian
2610:Kabardino-Balkarian
2251:, December 12, 1927
2001:Tikhon Konstantinov
1969:Chairmen of Council
1955:July 1938 – ?
1778:War of Transnistria
1766:Republic of Moldova
1748:Soviet deportations
1648:Treaty of Bucharest
1539:Chernyakhov culture
1386:Autonomous republic
1267:The tenet that the
920:Kamyanets-Podolskiy
857:autonomous republic
710:Bădulescu Alexandru
588:autonomous republic
439:• Established
2735:
2279:2013-05-21 at the
1946:1928 – April 1932
1913:Head of Government
1806:Moldova portal
1265:
1001:
908:In December 1927,
899:
686:
678:
670:
664:Resolution of the
3002:
3001:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2938:
1999:July 1938 – 1940
1853:Northern Bukovina
1840:
1839:
1743:Soviet occupation
1566:Early Middle Ages
1494:
1493:
1239:
1238:
985:Soviet propaganda
916:Mogilev-Podolskiy
722:Alexandru Nicolau
718:Solomon Tinkelman
692:(a member of the
568:Moldovan Cyrillic
552:
551:
534:
533:
530:
529:
407:• 1939–1940
397:• 1924–1928
350:Moldovan Cyrillic
311: • Type
231:
223:
209:
63:Moldovan Cyrillic
16:(Redirected from
3064:
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2465:
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2396:
2381:
2375:
2368:
2362:
2349:Moshe Y. Sachs,
2347:
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2323:
2314:
2313:p.4; King, p. 54
2307:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2267:
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2240:
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2231:
2225:
2224:, 29 August 1924
2218:p.19, who cites
2212:
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2192:
2183:
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2156:
2150:
2142:p.22, who cites
2136:
2130:
2127:
2116:
2107:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2023:Ecaterina Arbore
2018:Grigory Kotovsky
1963:Georgiy Streshny
1832:
1825:
1818:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1618:Early Modern Era
1524:
1514:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1438:Local Government
1335:
1334:
1015:
1014:
926:Collectivization
706:Grigory Kotovsky
690:Grigory Kotovsky
582:), shortened to
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2867:Checheno-Ingush
2864:
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2478:Further reading
2463:
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2281:Wayback Machine
2268:
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2109:Vermenych, Ya.
2108:
2085:
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2009:
1994:Supreme Council
1971:
1939:Aleksey Stroyev
1915:
1845:
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1798:
1793:
1792:
1783:Gagauz Republic
1768:
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1686:Greater Romania
1678:
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1632:
1608:
1598:
1597:
1568:
1558:
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1490:
1340:
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993:
981:Radio Basarabia
888:
805:
730:Ion Dic Dicescu
658:
648:
545:
523:
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443:12 October 1924
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383:First Secretary
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2980:
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2892:North Ossetian
2888:
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2788:
2786:
2738:
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2718:
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2677:North Ossetian
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2513:
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2456:Elena Negru –
2451:
2446:Charles King,
2442:
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2435:
2417:(3): 242–247.
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2015:
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1986:(shot in 1937)
1980:
1976:
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1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1961:February 1939
1959:
1953:
1950:
1948:Sergei Dmitriu
1944:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1927:(also Borisov)
1925:Griogriy Stary
1920:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1844:
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1716:Moldavian ASSR
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1249:Main article:
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1038:
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1028:
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1024:
1021:
992:
989:
963:propaganda to
887:
884:
853:
852:
846:
840:
834:
804:
801:
714:Pavel Tcacenco
704:and signed by
647:
644:
584:Moldavian ASSR
550:
549:
540:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
520:
514:
513:
506:
497:
494:
493:
488:
481:
480:
477:Tiraspol Raion
475:Dubăsari Raion
471:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
444:
441:
438:
435:
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409:
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379:
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375:
366:
357:
339:
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289:
286:
285:
282:
279:
276:
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272:
271:
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264:
263:
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257:
254:
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236:
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233:
232:
224:
216:
210:
202:
195:
193:
189:
188:
178:
177:
170:
163:
162:
156:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
139:
138:
128:
127:
124:
123:
97:
71:
42:
41:
26:
18:Moldavian ASSR
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3069:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3005:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2955:Buryat–Mongol
2952:
2951:
2947:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2468:
2464:(in Romanian)
2462:
2459:
2454:(in Romanian)
2452:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2393:90-411-0582-4
2390:
2386:
2380:
2373:
2367:
2360:
2359:0-471-62406-3
2356:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2338:0-8179-9792-X
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2257:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2185:Yakubova, L.
2182:
2174:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1957:Fyodor Brovko
1954:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:Hertsa region
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:King Carol II
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1811:
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1770:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:Moldavian SSR
1732:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1703:The Holocaust
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
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1662:
1657:
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1649:
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1642:
1637:
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1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
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1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1589:
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1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:Ukrainian SSR
1342:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1261:Plugarul Roşu
1257:
1252:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1205:
1204:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1101:
1100:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
997:
988:
986:
983:, to counter
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
938:
933:
931:
927:
923:
921:
917:
913:
912:
906:
903:
895:
891:
883:
881:
880:Moldavian SSR
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
828:
825:
824:
823:
820:
819:at the time.
818:
817:Ukrainian SSR
814:
810:
800:
798:
793:
788:
786:
780:
778:
773:
772:
765:
760:
758:
754:
749:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
682:
674:
667:
662:
657:
656:Korenizatsiya
653:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Podilsk Raion
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:Ukrainian SSR
589:
585:
577:
569:
565:
561:
557:
548:
544:
541:
539:Today part of
537:
521:
519:
516:
515:
507:
505:
502:
501:
498:
496:
495:
492:
489:
487:
486:
482:
473:Rîbnița Raion
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:2 August 1940
452:
446:
442:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
412:Pyotr Borodin
410:
404:
400:
394:
390:
386:
384:
380:
370:
367:
361:
358:
351:
347:
343:
340:
337:
332:
331:
329:
326:
323: •
320:
317:
314:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
287:
283:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
255:
251:
245:
241:
237:
228:
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220:
217:
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211:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
194:
190:
184:
179:
173:
167:
159:
153:
145:
140:
137:
136:Ukrainian SSR
133:
129:
119:
110:
98:
93:
84:
72:
64:
56:
49:
44:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3004:
2970:Kirghiz ASSR
2968:
2962:
2954:
2889:
2839:
2811:
2789:
2747:Volga German
2739:
2723:of existence
2707:Volga German
2656:
2494:(1): 57–72.
2491:
2485:
2470:
2457:
2447:
2426:. Retrieved
2414:
2400:
2384:
2379:
2371:
2366:
2350:
2345:
2329:
2326:Charles King
2310:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2265:
2256:
2246:
2238:
2229:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2186:
2181:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2110:
2068:
2058:
1904:
1885:Cetatea Albă
1846:
1715:
1668:Sfatul Țării
1588:Golden Horde
1548:Free Dacians
1399:Second level
1330:Transnistria
1327:
1307:
1303:Latin script
1300:
1292:Leonid Madan
1288:Latin script
1281:
1266:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1023:census 1926
1011:
1004:
1002:
991:Demographics
957:Soviet radio
950:
934:
924:
909:
907:
904:
900:
889:
865:
854:
821:
806:
789:
781:
777:Soviet Union
768:
761:
742:
687:
607:
599:
596:Transnistria
583:
555:
553:
491:Succeeded by
490:
479:Ananiv Raion
401:Iosif Badeev
290:• 1939
280:• 1926
212:
198:
172:Coat of arms
2967:was called
2964:Kazakh ASSR
2957:until 1958.
2927:Gorno-Altai
2792:Nakhichevan
2672:Nakhichevan
2600:Gorno-Altai
2311:Vechimea...
2270:Rodica Mahu
2260:King, p. 51
2233:King, p. 55
2216:Vechimea...
2140:Vechimea...
1723:Moldovenism
1623:Phanariotes
1511:History of
1431:Third level
1350:First level
1310:Great Purge
1277:irredentism
1251:Moldovenism
882:, in 1940.
726:Alter Zalic
258:• 1939
248:• 1926
230:(1929–1940)
222:(1924–1929)
3011:Categories
2973:until 1925
2847:Karakalpak
2620:Karakalpak
2467:Ion Nistor
2441:References
2205:King, p.52
2129:King, p.54
2078:References
1849:Bessarabia
1843:Disbanding
1613:Foundation
1459:Settlement
1318:Trotskyist
1139:Bulgarians
1065:Moldavians
1046:Ukrainians
965:Bessarabia
930:Kazakhstan
876:integrated
831:Moldavians
628:bridgehead
624:Bessarabia
303:Government
267:Population
2852:Mordovian
2812:Moldavian
2742:Turkestan
2692:Turkestan
2662:Mordovian
2657:Moldavian
2508:153556366
2423:2345-1130
2160:Moldaviia
2064:romanized
1893:Black Sea
1553:Bastarnae
1532:Antiquity
1369:Guberniya
1322:Moldavian
1269:Moldavian
1190:Romanians
937:Holodomor
803:Geography
751:lived in
748:Chicherin
734:Bucharest
720:(Timov),
586:, was an
576:Ukrainian
360:Ukrainian
333:English:
142:1924–1940
83:Ukrainian
2902:Karelian
2897:Kabardin
2807:Karelian
2782:Mountain
2777:Dagestan
2767:Adjarian
2721:By years
2667:Mountain
2625:Karelian
2605:Kabardin
2595:Dagestan
2565:Adjarian
2428:18 April
2361:, p. 231
2309:Nistor,
2277:Archived
2221:Izvestia
2214:Nistor,
2146:Izvestia
2138:Nistor,
2007:See also
1900:frontage
1873:occupied
1869:Dniester
1583:Brodnici
1578:Tivertsi
1502:a series
1500:Part of
1407:District
1273:Romanian
1084:Russians
1075:184,046
1069:172,419
1056:265,193
1050:277,515
973:Dniester
967:between
961:Romanian
953:Romanian
942:Olănești
872:Tiraspol
868:Kishinev
843:Tiraspol
837:Dubăsari
771:Izvestia
755:and the
646:Creation
636:occupied
608:de facto
560:Romanian
342:Romanian
227:Tiraspol
213:De facto
205:Chișinău
55:Romanian
2932:Crimean
2832:Kirghiz
2822:Chuvash
2772:Crimean
2757:Kirghiz
2752:Bashkir
2642:Kirghiz
2635:Kirghiz
2590:Crimean
2585:Chuvash
2570:Bashkir
2553:By name
2395:, p. 79
2144:Odessa
1861:Germany
1513:Moldova
1450:Village
1234:582,138
1229:572,339
1215:13,526
1130:12,711
1124:10,739
1120:Germans
1111:45,620
1105:48,564
1094:56,592
1088:48,868
1037:Number
1031:Number
886:History
827:Rîbnița
813:Podolia
769:Odessa
764:Balkans
632:Balkans
620:Ukraine
604:Moldova
600:de jure
598:(today
590:of the
547:Ukraine
543:Moldova
426:History
369:Russian
294:599,156
284:572,339
199:De jure
192:Capital
134:of the
109:Russian
2917:Kalmyk
2862:Kalmyk
2857:Udmurt
2842:Abkhaz
2827:Kazakh
2802:Buryat
2702:Udmurt
2630:Kazakh
2615:Kalmyk
2575:Buryat
2560:Abkhaz
2506:
2421:
2391:
2357:
2336:
1918:Revkom
1897:Danube
1889:Izmail
1887:, and
1504:on the
1391:Oblast
1374:Okruha
1358:Region
1341:of the
1296:calque
1209:2,300
1206:Other
1173:Romani
1160:4,853
1143:6,026
1078:31.6%
1072:30.1%
1059:45.5%
1053:48.5%
1020:group
1018:Ethnic
1006:raions
849:Ananiv
809:Odessa
753:Moscow
606:, but
429:
387:
270:
242:
105:
79:
51:
2922:Tuvan
2817:Tajik
2797:Yakut
2762:Tatar
2712:Yakut
2697:Tuvan
2687:Tatar
2682:Tajik
2504:S2CID
2411:(PDF)
2050:Notes
1881:Hotin
1857:Italy
1544:Dacia
1423:Povit
1418:Raion
1379:Okrug
1224:Total
1218:2.4%
1212:0.4%
1197:0.0%
1180:0.2%
1163:0.8%
1156:Poles
1146:1.1%
1133:2.2%
1127:1.9%
1114:7.8%
1108:8.5%
1102:Jews
1097:9.7%
1091:8.5%
1026:1936
946:kulak
861:Balta
833:– 52%
325:Motto
219:Balta
2882:Mari
2877:Komi
2652:Mari
2647:Komi
2430:2021
2419:ISSN
2389:ISBN
2355:ISBN
2334:ISBN
2248:Time
1895:and
1871:and
1859:and
1851:and
1447:Town
1194:137
1177:918
971:and
969:Prut
911:Time
811:and
654:and
554:The
239:Area
158:Flag
132:ASSR
2496:doi
618:of
602:in
3013::
2502:.
2492:26
2490:.
2469:,
2413:.
2328:,
2318:^
2295:.
2272:,
2245:,
2196:^
2120:^
2086:^
1883:,
1855:.
1546:,
1298:.
1040:%
1034:%
987:.
955:a
932:.
918:,
759:.
740:.
728:,
724:,
716:,
712:,
708:,
642:.
578::
574:;
570::
566:,
562::
371::
362::
352::
344::
65::
2538:e
2531:t
2524:v
2510:.
2498::
2432:.
2340:.
2299:.
2066::
1831:e
1824:t
1817:v
1485:e
1478:t
1471:v
558:(
356:)
348:(
215::
201::
111:)
107:(
85:)
81:(
57:)
53:(
34:.
20:)
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