547:, and have been dated at 430±4 Ma and 430.6±0.3 Ma respectively suggesting that they were intruded at about the same time. The Loch Ailsh intrusion outcrops within the Ben More thrust sheet and predates movement on that structure. The Loch Borralan intrusion lies beneath the Ben More Thrust. Locally the intrusion has been said to cut across the Ben More Thrust, but a lack of the metamorphic effects found elsewhere along the margin of the intrusion suggest that this contact is tectonic rather than intrusive. In the upper part of the Borralan intrusion, there is evidence of deformation of the syenite while it was still hot, suggesting that thrusting started soon after it was intruded.
349:
32:
367:
20:
388:
in the hanging-wall that is intensely deformed into mylonite, indicating that it originated at a significantly deeper crustal level. Total displacement on this one structure has been estimated as several tens of kilometres based on the change in crustal level and the thickness of mylonites developed. In its central section, south of the Assynt Window, it becomes the sole thrust structure, before the
Kinlochewe Thrust branches off to the south.
559:(IUGS) included the 'Moine Thrust Zone' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'
303:. The Ardvreck Group lies above an angular unconformity over various parts of the Torridon Group and locally over the Lewisian. It is a sequence of mainly quartz arenites. The lowermost part of the Eriboll Formation, the Basal Quartzite Member, is often pebbly at its base. The overlying Pipe Rock Member is a distinctive quartz arenite with many white weathering
387:
The Moine Thrust in the strict sense is the uppermost thrust in the belt and the one that carries the most displacement. In all cases it carries rocks of the Morar Group over rocks of the
Hebridean Terrane. Unlike the other thrusts, there is a broad zone (up to 600 m in thickness) of the Morar Group
151:
were sent into the area by the survey's director
Archibald Geikie to carry out detailed mapping. The results of the mapping proved conclusively to Peach and Horne that the contact was tectonic and they were eventually able to persuade Geikie when he visited them briefly in the field in October 1884.
91:
rocks in the west to an extensive landscape of rolling hills over a metamorphic rock base to the east. Mountains within the belt display complexly folded and faulted layers and the width of the main part of the zone varies up to ten kilometres (six miles), although it is significantly wider on Skye.
396:
This thrust forms the base of the belt from
Eriboll to the southern end of the Assynt Window where it merges with the Moine Thrust itself. It is thought to be the youngest formed thrust structure in the belt, which is consistent with a foreland propagating thrust sequence. Along strike the footwall
237:
was also active during the late stages of the orogeny, but continued to move during the early
Devonian and appears to truncate the southern end of the thrust belt. The total late Caledonian displacement on the Great Glen Fault is poorly constrained, making reconstruction of the southern part of the
374:
In addition to the Sole Thrust at the base of the northern section of the structure and the Moine Thrust at the top of the belt, many other thrust faults are developed, some of which are large enough to be named and mapped more regionally. The thrust sheet carried by each thrust is named after the
312:
that act as strain markers in areas of more ductile deformation. The uppermost two parts of the
Ardvreck Group form the An t-Sron Formation, with the dolomitic Fucoid Beds Member being overlain by the quartz arenites of the Salterella Grit Member. The succeeding Durness Group consists mainly of
405:
In the
Eriboll section this thrust carries Lewisian gneiss over the Pipe Rock. Its outcrop is complicated by the effects of later thrusting that both folds and offsets the Arnaboll Thrust. The exposures on the flank of Ben Arnaboll have particular importance as it was here that Lapworth first
165:
as it was one of the first thrust belts discovered and where the importance of large scale horizontal rather than vertical movements became apparent. Detailed mapping of the Moine Thrust Belt by the survey continued for another two decades, culminating in the classic survey memoir
156:
in which he coined the term "thrust-plane" for these low-angle faults, although the term was probably already in use before then. By 1888 the term "Moine Thrust" was being used for the tectonic break at the base of Moine schists (what is now called the Morar Group of the
490:
basins in the hanging walls of these faults was interpreted to represent
Devonian and Mesozoic extensional reactivation of the Caledonian thrust structures. Further deep profiles acquired in the same area, the DRUM and GRID lines confirmed these features. Onshore in
286:
The
Torridon and Sleat groups are of Neoproterozoic age and consists mainly of sandstone with a maximum preserved thickness of over 8 km. The unconformity at the base of these groups is highly irregular, showing that it was deposited on an eroded land surface.
328:
The Morar Group, like the
Torridon Group, is of Neoproterozoic age and interpreted to be a lateral equivalent of that unit within the overall Wester Ross Supergroup. The Morar Group forms the lowest
458:, the Kishorn Thrust also marks the base of the Moine Thrust Belt bringing mainly Torridonian sandstones over foreland Cambrian-Ordovician limestones and quartzites. Locally on the
218:
to its southeast. The thrust carried metamorphic material over 200 km across Scotland entirely masking the geology of the previous terrane. However, small windows, such as the
168:
229:
The relationship between the Moine Thrust Belt and other Scandian age structures in Scandinavia and East Greenland remains unclear, due to uncertainties associated with the
320:
The distinctive character of this sequence enabled detailed mapping, even in areas of relatively poor exposure and allowed sections repeated by thrusting to be recognised.
124:. After further fieldwork, Nicol changed his mind and advocated instead that the contact at the base of the upper gneisses was tectonic, starting what was known as the
116:
that the change was a purely metamorphic effect and that the upper gneiss was younger than the sediments beneath. Initially he was supported in this interpretation by
531:
Movement on the Moine Thrust Belt has been dated partly on its relationship with a series of igneous intrusions in the Assynt Window and partly from the results of
438:
to the Achnashellach Culmination, where it is truncated by the SW–NE trending Strathcarron Fault. It may originally have been continuous with the Kishorn Thrust.
486:
group in 1981 a series of east-dipping fault zones were imaged, two of which were interpreted as potential continuations of the Moine Thrust. The presence of
507:
Southwest of Skye the course of the Moine Thrust Belt becomes uncertain. It is assumed that it must pass to the southeast of the mainly Lewisian islands of
203:
946:"Relationships between the Loch Ailsh and Borralan alkaline intrusions and thrusting in the Moine Thrust zone, southern Assynt culmination, NW Scotland"
39:
has been pushed along the thrust fault and now lies above younger well-bedded Cambrian quartzite, which itself lies unconformably above Lewisian gneiss
1135:
1058:
418:
The Ben More Thrust is the largest and most continuous of the thrust faults developed between the Moine and Sole Thrusts within the Assynt Window.
1054:
499:
results suggest that this is unlikely to be the case. The link between the structures imaged offshore and those onshore remains unclear.
125:
1081:
556:
523:, although no thrusts are actually exposed. It is presumed to be truncated by the Great Glen Fault zone somewhere southwest of Mull.
737:"Structure and internal deformation of the Arnaboll Thrust Sheet, NW Scotland: implications for strain localization in thrust belts"
555:
In respect of it being 'the classic orogenic front of significant importance in both modern and historical tectonics research', the
482:
When the MOIST (Moine and Outer Isles Seismic Traverse) deep seismic profile was acquired north of the Scottish mainland by the
692:"Tectonic stratigraphy and structural continuity of the northernmost Moine Thrust Zone and Moine Nappe, Scottish Caledonides"
668:
246:
The stratigraphic sequence of the footwall of the Moine Thrust is the full sequence characteristic of the Hebridean Terrane.
152:
In November that year Peach and Horne's preliminary results were published and Geikie published a paper in the same issue of
214:. The Moine Thrust Belt defines the boundary between the Hebridean Terrane to its northwest and the Northern Highlands
1070:
1034:
957:
785:
748:
711:
611:
1007:
811:"The Tarskavaig Nappe of Skye, northwest Scotland: a re-examination of the fabrics and their kinematic significance"
630:
The geological structure of the North-West Highlands of Scotland (with petrological chapters and notes by JJH Teall)
356:, in the central section of the thrust belt. Neoproterozoic Morar Group schists are thrust over Cambrian–Ordovician
653:
Mendum, J.R.; Barber A.J.; Butler R.W.H.; Flinn D.; Goodenough K.M.; Krabbendam M.; Park R.G; Stewart A.D. (2008).
348:
766:"Structural evolution of the Achnashellach Culmination, southern Moine Thrust Belt: testing the duplex model"
35:
The Glencoul Thrust, part of the Moine Thrust Belt, dipping downwards from left to right, where Precambrian
1130:
1125:
905:"Evidence from Rb–Sr mineral ages for multiple orogenic events in the Caledonides of Shetland, Scotland"
462:
the Kishorn thrust sheet is eroded to form the Ord window in which the foreland rocks once more appear.
973:
140:
79:, the belt marks a change from rugged, terraced mountains with steep sides sculptured from weathered
234:
1120:
643:
British Geological Survey 1996 Tectonic map of Britain, Ireland & adjacent areas, Pharoah et al
161:). The recognition of the Moine Thrust Belt in the early 1880s was a milestone in the history of
121:
1140:
434:
The Kinlochewe Thrust branches off the Moine Thrust's central section and runs southwards past
271:
158:
278:
of the Northern Highlands Terrane, in both the footwall and hanging wall of the Moine Thrust.
31:
191:
916:
869:
822:
337:
275:
599:
63:
on the north coast 190 kilometres (120 mi) southwest to the Sleat peninsula on the
8:
578:
495:
the Wester Keolka Shear was proposed to represent the Moine Thrust, although more recent
329:
920:
873:
826:
765:
535:
of deformed rocks from the footwall or hanging-wall of the thrusts. The intrusions near
885:
857:
838:
791:
717:
628:
532:
496:
181:
113:
112:
age in the Northwest Highlands had been known since the early 19th century, convincing
56:
1066:
953:
952:. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. Vol. 335. pp. 383–404.
904:
889:
858:"Deep seismic reflection structure of the Caledonian orogenic front west of Shetland"
842:
810:
795:
781:
744:
743:. Special Publications. Vol. 335. London: Geological Society. pp. 321–333.
721:
707:
698:. Special Publications. Vol. 272. London: Geological Society. pp. 121–142.
691:
664:
607:
606:. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. Vol. 335. pp. 505–542.
211:
772:. Special Publications Geological Society, London. Vol. 272. pp. 103–120.
739:. In Law R.D.; Butler R.W.H.; Holdsworth R.E.; Krabbendam M.; Strachan R.A. (eds.).
602:. In Law R.D.; Butler R.W.H.; Holdsworth R.E.; Krabbendam M.; Strachan R.A. (eds.).
924:
877:
830:
773:
699:
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263:
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187:
153:
129:
117:
88:
84:
36:
945:
777:
736:
703:
450:, where it is truncated by the Strathcarron Fault. It continues southwestwards to
459:
426:
This thrust is developed within the lower part of the belt in the Assynt Window.
360:
314:
226:
to estimate what the geology of Scotland was like before the Caledonian Orogeny.
397:
of the Sole Thrust changes from Lewisian in the south to Cambrian in the north.
633:. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. British Geological Survey.
627:
Peach B. N.; Horne J.; Gunn W.; Clough C. T.; Hinxman L.; Teall J.J.H. (1907).
492:
296:
207:
834:
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At the southwestern end of the Sleat peninsula, the Tarskavaig Thrust carries
1114:
1096:
1083:
881:
536:
516:
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The Kishorn Thrust extends from the Achnashellach Culmination, just north of
357:
300:
902:
652:
568:
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487:
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metasediments over the Sleat Group of the underlying Kishorn thrust sheet.
455:
451:
353:
333:
309:
80:
68:
64:
60:
1038:
950:
Continental Tectonics and Mountain Building: The Legacy of Peach and Horne
741:
Continental Tectonics and Mountain Building: The Legacy of Peach and Horne
604:
Continental Tectonics and Mountain Building: The Legacy of Peach and Horne
943:
573:
447:
267:
133:
24:
929:
366:
202:. It is the most westerly Scandian structure in Scotland apart from the
1012:. British Regional Geology. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
540:
435:
223:
148:
76:
19:
689:
626:
948:. In Law R.D.; Butler R.W.H.; Holdsworth R.E.; Krabbendam M. (eds.).
763:
654:
305:
195:
144:
109:
52:
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lying apparently stratigraphically above sedimentary rocks of lower
407:
295:
The Cambrian to lower Ordovician rocks consist of two groups, the
544:
259:
215:
199:
162:
1018:
169:
The Geological Structure of the North-West Highlands of Scotland
770:
Deformation of the Continental Crust: The Legacy of Mike Coward
696:
Deformation of the Continental Crust: The Legacy of Mike Coward
219:
105:
101:
128:. A tectonic interpretation was supported by, amongst others,
734:
512:
483:
376:
903:
Walker S.; Thirwall M.F.; Strachan R.A.; Bird A.F. (2016).
508:
222:
window and the Glen Achall imbricated thrust system, allow
728:
1053:
Goodenough, Kathryn (2006), "Geological Foundations", in
944:
Searle M.P.; Law R.D.; Dewey J.F.; Streule M.J. (2010).
855:
849:
663:. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. pp. 3–20.
410:
and also where Geikie coined the term "thrust plane".
802:
768:. In Ries A.C.; Butler R.W.H.; Graham R.H. (eds.).
694:. In Ries A.C.; Butler R.W.H.; Graham R.H. (eds.).
690:Holdsworth R.E.; Alsop G.I.; Strachan R.A. (2007).
683:
23:Moine Thrust belt defining the western edge of the
808:
764:Butler R.W.H.; Matthews S.J.; Morgan R.K. (2007).
656:Lewisian, Torridonian and Moine Rocks of Scotland
258:consists of mainly granitic gneisses that are of
1112:
937:
896:
550:
974:"The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites"
190:phase Caledonian Orogeny cycle as part of the
502:
981:IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage
543:have similar chemistry, both being forms of
186:The Moine Thrust Belt was formed during the
1052:
1032:
1016:
620:
597:
557:International Union of Geological Sciences
233:zone. This major sinistral (left-lateral)
67:. The thrust belt consists of a series of
1005:
928:
591:
477:
336:, lying tectonically beneath the younger
1136:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites
735:Wibberley C.A.J.; Butler R.W.H. (2010).
646:
515:. It is often shown passing through the
406:described the highly deformed rock type
365:
347:
266:age. They form the basement to both the
30:
18:
175:
1113:
375:thrust beneath it, although the term "
370:Cross-section over the Glencoul Thrust
241:
343:
465:
454:, becoming the basal thrust. On the
429:
136:on similar structures in the Alps.
856:McBride J.H.; England R.W. (1994).
290:
249:
13:
1037:. Leeds University. Archived from
999:
659:. Geological Conservation Review,
421:
413:
400:
14:
1152:
1065:, Scottish Mountaineering Trust,
909:Journal of the Geological Society
862:Journal of the Geological Society
600:"Mylonites: lessons from Eriboll"
441:
317:, with some limestone and chert.
1009:Scotland: The Northern Highlands
210:, which is developed within the
966:
382:
16:Fault in Highland, Scotland, UK
757:
637:
391:
323:
281:
1:
809:Law R.D.; Potts G.J. (1987).
778:10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.272.01.07
704:10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.272.01.08
584:
551:IUGS geological heritage site
100:The presence of metamorphic
95:
7:
562:
332:unit of the Neoproterozoic
10:
1157:
503:Southwestward continuation
179:
132:who had corresponded with
835:10.1017/S0016756800016265
526:
238:orogenic belt difficult.
882:10.1144/gsjgs.151.1.0009
1019:"The Moine Thrust Belt"
1006:Phemister, J. (1960).
478:Northward continuation
371:
363:
272:Wester Ross Supergroup
159:Wester Ross Supergroup
40:
28:
369:
351:
172:, published in 1907.
139:In 1883 and 1884 the
126:Highlands Controversy
34:
22:
352:The Moine Thrust at
338:Loch Ness Supergroup
330:tectonostratigraphic
276:Loch Ness Supergroup
176:Caledonian structure
71:that branch off the
1131:Geology of Scotland
1093: /
1033:Rob Butler (2002).
1017:Rob Butler (2000).
930:10.1144/jgs2015-034
921:2016JGSoc.173..489W
874:1994JGSoc.151....9M
827:1987GeoM..124..231L
815:Geological Magazine
598:White S.H. (2010).
579:Geology of Scotland
242:Involved rock units
1126:Structural geology
1035:"Assynt's Geology"
1021:. Leeds University
533:radiometric dating
497:radiometric dating
372:
364:
344:Individual thrusts
182:Caledonian Orogeny
114:Roderick Murchison
57:Scottish Highlands
41:
29:
670:978-1-86107-566-6
466:Tarskavaig Thrust
430:Kinlochewe Thrust
235:strike-slip fault
212:Hebridean Terrane
204:Outer Isles Fault
188:Scandian orogenic
49:Moine Thrust Zone
45:Moine Thrust Belt
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1097:58.133°N 4.850°W
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1063:Hostile Habitats
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472:Tarskavaig Group
379:" is also used.
291:Lower Palaeozoic
264:Paleoproterozoic
256:Lewisian complex
250:Lewisian complex
231:Great Glen Fault
130:Charles Lapworth
118:Archibald Geikie
59:which runs from
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1121:Plate tectonics
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1000:Further reading
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460:Sleat peninsula
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422:Glencoul Thrust
416:
414:Ben More Thrust
403:
401:Arnaboll Thrust
394:
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77:Topographically
55:feature in the
37:Lewisian gneiss
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1102:58.133; -4.850
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915:(3): 489–503.
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821:(3): 231–248.
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442:Kishorn Thrust
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297:Ardvreck Group
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208:Outer Hebrides
180:Main article:
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1072:0-907521-93-2
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1041:on 2007-02-20
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310:trace fossils
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69:thrust faults
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
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38:
33:
26:
21:
1078:
1062:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:the original
1023:. Retrieved
1008:
985:. Retrieved
980:
968:
949:
939:
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908:
898:
865:
861:
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818:
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769:
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674:. Retrieved
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569:Knockan Crag
554:
530:
506:
481:
469:
456:Isle of Skye
452:Loch Kishorn
445:
433:
425:
417:
404:
395:
386:
383:Moine Thrust
373:
354:Knockan Crag
327:
319:
304:
294:
285:
253:
245:
228:
185:
167:
138:
99:
73:Moine Thrust
72:
65:Isle of Skye
61:Loch Eriboll
51:is a linear
48:
44:
42:
1100: /
1055:Kempe, Nick
987:13 November
868:(1): 9–16.
574:Inchnadamph
488:half graben
448:Loch Carron
392:Sole Thrust
324:Morar Group
282:Torridonian
268:Stoer Group
143:geologists
134:Albert Heim
122:James Nicol
89:metamorphic
85:sedimentary
25:Morar Group
1115:Categories
1045:2007-03-12
1025:2006-01-27
676:2018-07-23
585:References
541:Loch Ailsh
436:Kinlochewe
224:geologists
149:John Horne
890:128965105
843:130439826
796:140675914
722:129914480
361:dolomites
315:dolomites
306:skolithos
196:Laurentia
192:collision
145:Ben Peach
110:Paleozoic
96:Discovery
1061:(eds.),
563:See also
519:west of
493:Shetland
408:mylonite
299:and the
274:and the
260:Archaean
194:between
102:gneisses
75:itself.
53:tectonic
917:Bibcode
870:Bibcode
823:Bibcode
545:syenite
270:, the
216:terrane
206:in the
200:Baltica
163:geology
106:schists
81:igneous
27:outcrop
1088:4°51′W
1085:58°8′N
1069:
983:. IUGS
956:
888:
841:
794:
784:
747:
720:
710:
667:
610:
527:Timing
220:Assynt
154:Nature
141:survey
977:(PDF)
886:S2CID
839:S2CID
792:S2CID
718:S2CID
513:Tiree
484:BIRPS
377:nappe
1067:ISBN
989:2022
954:ISBN
782:ISBN
745:ISBN
708:ISBN
665:ISBN
608:ISBN
539:and
521:Mull
511:and
509:Coll
262:and
254:The
198:and
147:and
120:and
104:and
87:and
43:The
925:doi
913:173
878:doi
866:151
831:doi
819:124
774:doi
700:doi
47:or
1117::
1057:;
979:.
923:.
911:.
907:.
884:.
876:.
864:.
860:.
837:.
829:.
817:.
813:.
790:.
780:.
716:.
706:.
661:34
340:.
83:,
1048:.
1028:.
991:.
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933:.
927::
919::
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880::
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833::
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702::
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616:.
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