828:
601:. Jain states that although "hatha yoga is traditionally believed to be the ur-system of modern postural yoga, equating them does not account for the historical sources". According to her, asanas "only became prominent in modern yoga in the early twentieth century as a result of the dialogical exchanges between Indian reformers and nationalists and Americans and Europeans interested in health and fitness". In short, Jain writes, "modern yoga systems ... bear little resemblance to the yoga systems that preceded them. This is because ... are specific to their own social contexts."
695:. Through the work of these gurus, yoga has been widely disseminated across the western world, and radically transformed in the process. Health benefits have been claimed; yoga has been brought to a "spiritual marketplace", different gurus competing for followers; and widely differing approaches have claimed ancient roots in Indian tradition. The result has been to transform yoga from "a hidden, weird thing" to "yoga studios on almost very corner", in a "massive transition from spiritual practice to focusing on health and fitness". The trend away from authority is continued in
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530:, a scholar of yoga's history and practices, states that De Michelis's typology provides categories useful as a way into the study of yoga in the modern age, but that it is not a "good starting point for history insofar as it subsumes detail, variation, and exception". Singleton does not subscribe to De Michelis's interpretative framework, instead considering "modern yoga" to be a descriptive name for "yoga in the modern age". He questions the De Michelis typology as follows:
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858:, writes that modern yoga's development included "a long history of transnational intercultural exchange", including between India and countries in the western world, whether or not it is an "outgrowth of Neo-Hinduism". It is seemingly torn between being a secular physical fitness activity sometimes called "hatha yoga" (not the similarly named
546:
200:
The popularity of modern yoga increased as travel became more feasible, allowing exposure to different teachings and practices. Immigration restrictions were relaxed from India to the USA and some parts of Europe around the 1960s. And, spiritual gurus began to offer what they referred to as solutions
1443:
The yoga widely known in the West is based on hatha yoga, which forms one aspect of the ancient Hindu system of religious and ascetic observance and meditation, the highest form of which is raja yoga and the ultimate aim of which is spiritual purification and self-understanding leading to samadhi or
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calls modern yoga "a variety of systems that developed as early as the 19th century as a capitalist production, colonial and industrial endeavors, global developments in areas ranging from metaphysics to fitness, and modern ideas and values." In contemporary practice, modern yoga is prescribed as a
69:
of modern yoga, but have not all accepted her typology. They have variously emphasised modern yoga's international nature with its intercultural exchanges; its variety of beliefs and practices; its degree of continuity with older traditions, such as ancient Indian philosophy and medieval Hatha yoga;
223:
started the academic study of modern yoga with her 2004 typology. She defined modern yoga as "signifying those disciplines and schools which are, to a greater or lesser extent, rooted in South Asian cultural contexts, and which more specifically draw inspiration from certain philosophies, teachings
534:
Can we really refer to an entity called Modern Yoga and assume that we are talking about a discrete and identifiable category of beliefs and practices? Does Modern Yoga, as some seem to assume, differ in ontological status (and hence intrinsic value) from "traditional yoga"? Does it represent a
535:
rupture in terms of tradition rather than a continuity? And in the plethora of experiments, adaptations, and innovations that make up the field of transnational yoga today, should we be thinking of all these manifestations as belonging to Modern Yoga in any typological sense?
1504:
Lululemon has sparked a global fashion revolution, sometimes called 'athleisure' or 'activewear,' which has injected prodigious quantities of spandex into modern dress and blurred the lines between yoga-and-spin-class attire and normal street
121:
doctrines and a vision of the "mystical East". She had travelled to India in 1852-3, and became greatly interested in yoga in general, while despising and distrusting hatha yoga. In the 1890s, Vivekananda taught a mixture of yoga breathwork
923:
has challenged attempts to "airbrush the Hindu roots of yoga" from modern manifestations. Modern yoga, he writes, uses techniques from "a wide range of traditions, many of which are clearly not Hindu at all". While yoga was integrated with
569:(one aspect of traditional yoga), with innovative practices that have taken the Indian heritage, experimented with techniques from non-Indic cultures, and radically evolved it into local forms worldwide. The scholar of religion
509:
From the 1970s, modern yoga spread across many countries of the world, changing as it did so, and in De
Michelis's view becoming "an integral part of (primarily) urban cultures worldwide", to the extent that the word
960:
has a "quite different" semantic range, including meditation, prayer, ritual and devotional practices, ethical behaviour, and "secret esoteric techniques" that average
English speakers would not consider to be
2105:
Practical yoga, ancient and modern : being a new, independent translation of
Patanjali's yoga aphorisms interpreted in the light of ancient and modern psychological knowledge and practical experience
89:
In the early years of
British colonialism in India, the elites from the United States, Europe, and India rejected the concept of hatha yoga and perceived it as unsociable. By the late 19th century,
201:
to the problems of modern life. As new-age high profile individuals, such as the
Beatles, tried out yoga, the practice became more visible and desirable as a means to improve life.
184:
which needed something to build an image of a strong and energetic nation. The yoga that they created, however, was taken up predominantly in the
English-speaking world, starting
919:
is complex and contested; some
Christians have challenged its inclusion in school curricula on the grounds that it is covertly Hindu, while the "Take Back Yoga" campaign of the
70:
its relationship to
Hinduism; its claims to provide health and fitness; and its tensions between the physical and the spiritual, or between the esoteric and the scientific.
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considered modern yoga to have been influenced by South Indian wrestling exercises; Joseph Alter found it torn between esoteric and scientific;
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as its starting point, her typology of yoga forms as seen in the West, explicitly excluding forms seen only in India, proposed four subtypes.
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philosophy, "the first text to teach hathayoga says that it will work even for atheists, who ... did not believe in karma and rebirth".
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1494:"Everything You Wear Is Athleisure: Yoga pants, tennis shoes, and the 100-year history of how sports changed the way Americans dress"
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part of self-development and is believed to provide "increased beauty, strength, and flexibility as well as decreased stress".
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yogins, by not mentioning them. Blavatsky helped to pave the way for the spread of yoga in the West by encouraging interest in
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On page 73, De
Michelis refers readers to Gombrich & Obeyesekere 1988 and Sharf 1995 for more on Buddhist contexts.
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The idea of yoga as "modern" was current before any definition of it was provided; for example, the philosopher
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3139:
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1977:
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627:-based yoga philosophy to Krishnamacharya with his gymnastic approach, his pupils including the influential
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61:, and meditational yogas. Other scholars have noted that her work stimulated research into the history,
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1843:
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3098:
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1522:"The Malleability of Yoga: A Response to Christian and Hindu Opponents of the Popularization of Yoga"
920:
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472:
387:
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57:
proposed a 4-part typology of modern yoga in 2004, separating modern psychosomatic, denominational,
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of particular postures, quietly dropping its religious connotations, encouraged by the prevailing
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168:, postures derived from those of hatha yoga, but with a contribution from western gymnastics (
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220:
54:
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993:
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8:
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915:, a scholar of Sanskrit manuscripts and yoga, writes that modern yoga's relationship to
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164:, starting in the 1920s. It was predominantly physical, consisting mainly or entirely of
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depicted "a modern spirituality, written through richly realized characters" including
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3333:
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2672:
2625:
2529:
2504:
2499:
2228:
2118:
2108:
2088:
2078:
2050:
2026:
2016:
1999:
1989:
1957:
1947:
1923:
1913:
1889:
1879:
1857:
1847:
1778:
1774:
1738:
1658:
1575:
1290:
1250:
1158:
1070:
994:
Yoga in Modern India: The Body between
Science and Philosophy in History of Religions
832:
700:
696:
616:
610:
354:
256:
84:
1707:"Elliott Goldberg Rides the Elephant: An In-Depth Review of The Path of Modern Yoga"
1430:
1302:
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discovered a collision of Western physical culture with Indian spirituality; while
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896:, and wellness programs for women based on such things as the teaching system of
884:, was created through a complicated process involving both cultural exchange and
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672:
494:
303:
189:
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176:). They advocated this form of exercise under the guise of the supposed specific
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27:
1734:
Inhaling Spirit: Harmonialism, Orientalism, and the Western Roots of Modern Yoga
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5239:
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4708:
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865:), and a spiritual practice with historical roots in India. She noted that the
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in the Western world now means the practice of asanas, typically in a class.
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290:
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1906:
The Path of Modern Yoga : the history of an embodied spiritual practice
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to illustrate her view that modern yoga involves both cultural exchange and
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movement, again explicitly rejecting the practice of asanas and hatha yoga.
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1761:(25 Nov 2009). "The Development of Modern Yoga: A Survey of the Field".
1626:"The Path of Modern Yoga: The History of an Embodied Spiritual Practice"
687:'s "Art of Living"; and finally the Hindu nation-building approaches of
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The scholar of religion Anya Foxen writes that "modern postural yoga",
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39:
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62:
26:
practices with differing purposes, encompassing in its various forms
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1650:
White Utopias: The Religious Exoticism of Transformational Festivals
577:
Modern yoga is variously viewed through "cultural prisms" including
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4169:
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4064:
3815:
3713:
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3229:
3015:
2705:
2593:
2439:
2164:
1839:
Yoga in modern India : the body between science and philosophy
1803:
916:
590:
487:
381:
325:
281:
225:
153:
148:
A few decades later, a very different form of yoga, the prevailing
118:
4681:
4649:
831:
Anya Foxen uses this c. 1928 photograph of the actress and dancer
5157:
5132:
5127:
4969:
4642:
1875:
A History of Modern Yoga : Patañjali and Western Esotericism
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
866:
751:
632:
624:
598:
578:
93:
was presented to the Western world in different forms such as by
5333:
1461:
319:
5022:
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4287:
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771:
644:
558:
368:
114:
47:
1309:
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International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller
2210:
2152:
What's behind the five popular yoga poses loved by the world?
1377:
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1373:
1273:(2007-10-16). "A Preliminary Survey of Modern Yoga Studies".
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35:
31:
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of disparate approaches. Among the many ingredients are the
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90:
23:
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50:-based practices, and Hindu nation-building approaches.
4409:
2070:
Yoga Body : the origins of modern posture practice
1558:
1082:
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877:
aspects of modern yoga were starting to be researched.
1940:
Selling Yoga : from Counterculture to Pop culture
1683:
1473:
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1415:
1335:
1333:
816:
1968:
1808:Heythrop College: A Seminar on Modern Yoga, London
1546:
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1671:
1564:
1094:
1012:Yoga Body: the origins of modern posture practice
699:, which is practised outside any major school or
5684:
1789:
1330:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1123:
1121:
5385:Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience
4889:Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience
4212:Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience
1210:
5349:
4425:
3662:
3385:
2180:
1751:
1726:
1724:
1345:"A Preliminary Survey of Modern Yoga Studies"
1263:
1183:
1118:
215:referred to it in the title of his 1948 book
109:more generally, as practised by the despised
639:teaching precisely-positioned asanas, often
16:Yoga practices popular in contemporary times
2043:Madame Blavatsky: The Woman Behind the Myth
1868:
1695:
1339:
1324:
1269:
956:notes that to speakers of Indic languages,
206:
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4432:
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3303:Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)
2187:
2173:
2161:program and web page by Mukti Jain Campion
1721:
1640:
1574:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–14.
1175:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
130:, and positive thinking, derived from the
2063:
1798:
1537:
1510:
1455:
1381:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1194:
1127:
1112:
1088:
892:and various strands of Greek philosophy,
643:. The gurus' approaches to yoga span the
2010:
1900:
1757:
1689:
1491:
1479:
1239:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
1200:"The Ancient & Modern Roots of Yoga"
1133:"The Ancient & Modern Roots of Yoga"
1059:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
826:
544:
101:. It embodied the period's distaste for
1623:
1532:(1). Butler University, Irwin Library.
1352:Asian Medicine, Tradition and Modernity
976:The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
854:, a scholar of modern yoga, especially
345:Cultic environment, sometimes sectarian
341:Emphasis on each school's own teachings
252:of "relatively pure contemporary types"
5685:
1701:
1593:
1591:
1247:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.163
1222:
1067:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.163
347:May use all other forms of Modern Yoga
5337:
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2168:
2037:
1832:
1730:
1677:
1646:
1387:
1100:
2194:
2099:
1934:
1617:
1552:
1516:
1397:; Mohan, Ganesh (29 November 2009).
1233:
1216:
1149:
1052:
1048:
1046:
908:A contested relationship to Hinduism
565:Modern yoga is derived in part from
373:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
78:
5601:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
4399:Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas
2842:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
1588:
1492:Thompson, Derek (28 October 2018).
517:
137:
13:
1624:Barclay, Axie (12 December 2016).
1597:
1526:Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies
631:teaching asanas linked by flowing
522:
493:
445:
392:
318:
217:Practical Yoga, Ancient and Modern
14:
5704:
5363:
3105:Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga
2131:
1043:
619:for over a century, ranging from
343:Own belief system and authorities
274:Practised in a privatised setting
195:
5666:
5665:
5509:
3729:
3630:
3629:
2476:
1775:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2009.00171.x
900:and the harmonial gymnastics of
817:Cultural exchange and syncretism
796:
779:
759:
739:
2616:Yoga and cultural appropriation
1810:. UK Hindu Christian Foundation
1485:
1018:
1000:
982:
964:
947:
938:
823:Yoga and cultural appropriation
270:Emphasises practical experience
3676:
2013:Yoga : the secret of life
1655:University of California Press
1468:Mallinson & Singleton 2017
1143:
272:Little restriction on doctrine
1:
1037:
604:
2011:Mastalia, Francesco (2017).
706:The author and yoga teacher
675:; the "inner technology" of
615:Modern yoga has been led by
549:"The father of modern yoga"
463:Emphasises mental techniques
333:"Modern Denominational Yoga"
250:Example given by De Michelis
7:
3833:Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa
3764:Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa
1737:. Oxford University Press.
1628:. San Francisco Book Review
1241:. Oxford University Press.
1053:Jain, Andrea (2016-07-07),
265:"Modern Psychosomatic Yoga"
10:
5709:
5410:Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga
3616:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
2604:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
2144:'s Elizabeth De Michelis,
1844:Princeton University Press
1825:
1657:. pp. 75 ff, 136 ff.
1568:; Goldberg, Ellen (2014).
820:
608:
460:"Modern Meditational Yoga"
141:
82:
73:
5660:
5629:
5518:
5507:
5369:
5280:International Day of Yoga
5260:
5181:
5172:
5038:
5000:
4960:
4951:
4836:
4779:
4588:
4547:
4511:
4502:
4447:
4359:
4321:
4278:
4223:
3738:
3727:
3684:
3624:
3588:
3407:
3359:Modern Yoginis (template)
3311:
3099:Vishnudevananda Saraswati
3021:Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
2968:
2929:
2832:
2736:
2651:
2586:
2525:Harmonial gymnastics/yoga
2492:
2485:
2474:
2425:
2400:
2392:International Day of Yoga
2379:
2327:
2287:
2209:
2202:
1647:Lucia, Amanda J. (2020).
1600:"The Path of Modern Yoga"
921:Hindu American Foundation
860:the medieval practice of
473:Transcendental Meditation
388:Transcendental Meditation
268:Body-Mind-Spirit training
5557:A History of Modern Yoga
5300:Yoga scholars (template)
4565:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
4439:
4180:Setu Bandha Sarvangasana
3354:Yoga teachers (category)
3349:Yoga scholars (template)
2857:A History of Modern Yoga
1364:10.1163/157342107X207182
1287:10.1163/157342107x207182
931:
791:"inner technology", 2013
207:De Michelis's four types
5555:Elizabeth De Michelis (
5539:The Path of Modern Yoga
5422:Christopher Key Chapple
4938:Yogasopana Purvacatuska
4204:Yogasopana Purvacatuska
3928:Dattatreya Yoga Shastra
3824:Ancient non-meditation
3145:Satchidananda Saraswati
2896:The Path of Modern Yoga
2575:Autobiography of a Yogi
2075:Oxford University Press
1944:Oxford University Press
1731:Foxen, Anya P. (2020).
1237:(2016). "Modern Yoga".
1027:The Path of Modern Yoga
1024:Elliott Goldberg wrote
5486:Bjarne Wernicke-Olesen
4128:Adho Mukha Vrikshasana
2305:European Union of Yoga
1870:De Michelis, Elizabeth
1769:(6). Wiley: 986–1002.
1539:10.7825/2164-6279.1510
1399:"Memories of a Master"
1341:De Michelis, Elizabeth
1271:De Michelis, Elizabeth
848:
562:
543:
498:
450:
397:
323:
247:De Michelis definition
3975:Sharngadhara-paddhati
3061:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
2569:Paramahansa Yogananda
2349:Trauma-sensitive yoga
2300:British Wheel of Yoga
1444:union with the divine
882:especially in America
830:
821:Further information:
609:Further information:
548:
532:
501:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
497:
477:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
465:of concentration and
449:
436:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
396:
322:
260:named by De Michelis
221:Elizabeth de Michelis
55:Elizabeth de Michelis
5584:Gurus of Modern Yoga
5530:Yoga in Modern India
5285:List of yoga schools
5051:Kriyayoga (Buddhist)
4882:Hatha Yoga Pradipika
4116:Hathabhyasa-paddhati
4009:Hatha Yoga Pradipika
3344:List of yoga schools
3215:Yoga the Iyengar Way
3119:Satyananda Saraswati
3114:Bihar School of Yoga
2850:Yoga in Modern India
2759:Lilias, Yoga and You
2562:Seetharaman Sundaram
2148:, and Mark Singleton
2140:website, managed by
2138:Modern Yoga Research
2015:. Powerhouse Books.
1571:Gurus of Modern Yoga
685:Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
409:Modern Postural Yoga
5442:Gerald James Larson
5398:Johannes Bronkhorst
5086:Six Yogas of Naropa
4868:Hathabhyasapaddhati
3855:Ahirbudhnya Samhita
3827:Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā
3171:Himalayan Institute
3033:T. K. V. Desikachar
3008:Swami Kuvalayananda
2822:Selvarajan Yesudian
1804:"Yoga and Religion"
1433:on January 30, 2018
1427:Oxford Dictionaries
1327:, pp. 187–189.
1198:(4 February 2011).
894:Western esotericism
653:Swami Kripalvananda
309:Himalayan Institute
22:is a wide range of
5537:Elliott Goldberg (
5496:Sir John Woodroffe
5481:David Gordon White
5476:Srisa Chandra Vasu
5408:Gudrun Bühnemann (
4975:Samadhi (Buddhism)
4847:Amaraugha Prabodha
4190:Urdhva Dhanurasana
4145:Akarna Dhanurasana
3758:Darshana Upanishad
3560:Sundarraja Iyengar
3505:Nirmala Srivastava
3277:Beryl Bender Birch
3228:c. 1975
3059:c. 1948
3048:Srivatsa Ramaswami
2985:The Yoga Institute
2955:Breath of the Gods
2540:Genevieve Stebbins
2310:André Van Lysebeth
2107:. Josephs Press .
1604:New Spirit Journal
1155:Primary Gymnastics
902:Genevieve Stebbins
849:
563:
499:
451:
400:Nirmala Srivastava
398:
364:Nirmala Srivastava
324:
278:The Yoga Institute
182:Indian nationalism
174:Primary Gymnastics
5680:
5679:
5619:Post-lineage Yoga
5331:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5290:Modern yoga gurus
5168:
5167:
4947:
4946:
4924:Vasishtha Samhita
4407:
4406:
4243:Jalandhara Bandha
3998:Paschimottanasana
3940:Vasishtha Samhita
3644:
3643:
3606:Post-lineage yoga
3401:Modern yoga gurus
3367:
3366:
3339:Asanas (template)
3334:Post-lineage yoga
2964:
2963:
2920:The Story of Yoga
2673:Frank Jude Boccio
2530:Marguerite Agniel
2500:Early modern yoga
2472:
2471:
2114:978-1-4465-2820-4
2084:978-0-19-539534-1
2056:978-0-399-12376-4
2022:978-1-57687-856-9
1995:978-0-241-25304-5
1953:978-0-19-939024-3
1919:978-1-62055-567-5
1902:Goldberg, Elliott
1885:978-0-8264-8772-8
1853:978-0-691-11874-1
1759:Newcombe, Suzanne
1744:978-0-19-008274-1
1705:(4 August 2016).
1664:978-0-520-37695-3
1458:, pp. 32–33.
1384:, pp. 18–19.
1131:(16 April 2018).
1115:, pp. 76–77.
1076:978-0-19-934037-8
898:François Delsarte
833:Marguerite Agniel
697:post-lineage yoga
611:Modern yoga gurus
507:
506:
355:Lekhraj Kripalani
255:Image of example
224:and practices of
152:, was created by
85:Early modern yoga
79:Early modern yoga
36:physical postures
30:derived from the
5700:
5669:
5668:
5647:Yoga as exercise
5617:Theo Wildcroft (
5610:Positioning Yoga
5564:Suzanne Newcombe
5513:
5471:Alexis Sanderson
5427:Georg Feuerstein
5358:
5351:
5344:
5335:
5334:
5179:
5178:
4958:
4957:
4931:Vimanarcanakalpa
4896:Gheranda Samhita
4809:Shaiva Siddhanta
4579:Yoga Yajnavalkya
4509:
4508:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4394:Yoga using props
4389:Yoga as exercise
4041:Gheranda Samhita
3934:Goraksha Shataka
3872:Vimanarcanakalpa
3733:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3633:
3632:
3611:Yoga as exercise
3550:Shiv Dayal Singh
3445:Bikram Choudhury
3394:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3202:B. K. S. Iyengar
3189:Bikram Choudhury
3066:K. Pattabhi Jois
3053:Vanda Scaravelli
2865:Positioning Yoga
2717:Paddleboard Yoga
2547:Physical culture
2535:Mary Bagot Stack
2490:
2489:
2480:
2387:Competitive yoga
2355:Restorative Yoga
2337:Yoga using props
2289:Teacher training
2239:Meditation seats
2207:
2206:
2196:Yoga as exercise
2189:
2182:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2146:Suzanne Newcombe
2126:
2096:
2060:
2034:
2007:
1973:
1965:
1931:
1910:Inner Traditions
1897:
1865:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1800:Mallinson, James
1796:
1787:
1786:
1763:Religion Compass
1755:
1749:
1748:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1709:. Matthew Remski
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1598:Gibson, Krysta.
1595:
1586:
1585:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1429:. Archived from
1419:
1413:
1412:
1411:on 6 March 2010.
1407:. Archived from
1391:
1385:
1379:
1368:
1367:
1349:
1337:
1328:
1325:De Michelis 2004
1322:
1307:
1306:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1166:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1050:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1004:
998:
986:
980:
968:
962:
951:
945:
942:
852:Suzanne Newcombe
804:B. K. S. Iyengar
800:
783:
763:
743:
720:Elliott Goldberg
637:B. K. S. Iyengar
541:
518:Other viewpoints
431:B. K. S. Iyengar
244:De Michelis type
241:
240:
178:medical benefits
150:yoga as exercise
144:Yoga as exercise
138:Yoga as exercise
99:Madame Blavatsky
5708:
5707:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5656:
5625:
5608:Sarah Strauss (
5599:Norman Sjoman (
5570:Yoga in Britain
5514:
5505:
5501:Heinrich Zimmer
5466:Geoffrey Samuel
5447:James Mallinson
5365:
5362:
5332:
5323:
5256:
5235:Yoga as therapy
5201:Standing asanas
5164:
5034:
4996:
4943:
4875:Hatha Ratnavali
4832:
4775:
4697:Viparita Karani
4584:
4543:
4498:
4443:
4438:
4408:
4403:
4355:
4317:
4274:
4260:Viparita Karani
4253:Uddiyana Bandha
4219:
4047:Hatha Ratnavali
4015:Baddha Konasana
3952:Viparita Karani
3770:Goraksha Sataka
3740:
3734:
3725:
3680:
3675:
3645:
3640:
3620:
3584:
3565:Vishnudevananda
3540:Sathya Sai Baba
3470:Krishnamacharya
3435:Chidvilasananda
3403:
3398:
3368:
3363:
3307:
2972:
2960:
2925:
2912:Yoga in Britain
2880:The Subtle Body
2828:
2751:Yoga for Health
2732:
2698:Phillip Moffitt
2647:
2599:Science of yoga
2582:
2481:
2468:
2421:
2396:
2375:
2343:Accessible yoga
2323:
2283:
2258:Accompaniments
2224:Standing asanas
2198:
2193:
2134:
2129:
2115:
2101:Wood, Ernest E.
2085:
2065:Singleton, Mark
2057:
2023:
1996:
1978:Singleton, Mark
1971:
1954:
1920:
1886:
1854:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1797:
1790:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1729:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1703:Remski, Matthew
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1566:Singleton, Mark
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1518:Jain, Andrea R.
1515:
1511:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1436:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1371:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1310:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1232:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1196:Singleton, Mark
1193:
1184:
1168:
1167:
1148:
1144:
1129:Singleton, Mark
1126:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1091:, pp. 4–7.
1087:
1083:
1077:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1019:
1005:
1001:
987:
983:
969:
965:
952:
948:
943:
939:
934:
913:James Mallinson
910:
875:anthropological
841:John de Mirjian
837:Buddha position
825:
819:
812:
806:
801:
792:
790:
784:
775:
770:
767:Sathya Sai Baba
764:
755:
750:
744:
734:, and Iyengar.
724:Krishnamacharya
673:Sathya Sai Baba
617:disparate gurus
613:
607:
551:Krishnamacharya
542:
539:
525:
523:Endless variety
520:
485:
480:
464:
434:
419:
418:(yoga postures)
385:
376:
367:
358:
346:
344:
342:
340:
328:, c. 1920
307:
304:Vishnudevananda
294:
285:
273:
271:
269:
259:
251:
209:
198:
162:Krishnamacharya
146:
140:
87:
81:
76:
28:yoga philosophy
17:
12:
11:
5:
5706:
5696:
5695:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5614:
5605:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5587:
5578:Mark Singleton
5575:
5574:
5573:
5561:
5552:
5543:
5534:
5528:Joseph Alter (
5524:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5375:
5373:
5371:Classical yoga
5367:
5366:
5361:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5338:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5312:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5247:
5242:
5240:Yoga for women
5237:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5228:Hasta Vinyasas
5220:
5218:Sun Salutation
5215:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5206:List of asanas
5203:
5198:
5187:
5185:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5083:
5078:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5044:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5006:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4917:Sritattvanidhi
4913:
4906:
4903:Joga Pradipika
4899:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4842:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4785:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4616:Lotus position
4608:
4603:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4553:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4437:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4265:Khechari mudra
4262:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4207:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4139:Sritattvanidhi
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4122:Joga Pradipika
4110:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4025:Matsyendrasana
4022:
4017:
4003:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3946:Vivekamārtaṇḍa
3922:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3894:Hemachandra's
3883:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3748:
3746:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
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3309:
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3299:
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3279:
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3259:Jivamukti Yoga
3255:
3249:
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3237:
3226:
3220:
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3211:
3204:
3193:
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3123:
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3121:
3110:
3109:
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3101:
3094:Sivananda Yoga
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3081:Kino MacGregor
3078:
3073:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3027:Yoga Makaranda
3023:
3012:
3011:
3010:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2995:Hansa Yogendra
2992:
2980:
2978:
2966:
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2719:
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2695:
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2688:Jon Kabat-Zinn
2685:
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2664:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2623:
2621:In advertising
2618:
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2609:Matthew Remski
2601:
2596:
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2279:
2277:Hasta Vinyasas
2274:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:Sun Salutation
2241:
2236:
2234:Lotus position
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:List of asanas
2215:
2213:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2149:
2133:
2132:External links
2130:
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2061:
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2008:
1994:
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1587:
1581:978-0199938728
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1456:Singleton 2010
1448:
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1382:Singleton 2010
1369:
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1275:Asian Medicine
1262:
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1221:
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1151:Bukh, Niels E.
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1105:
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1007:Mark Singleton
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708:Matthew Remski
635:movements and
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540:Mark Singleton
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5453:Roots of Yoga
5450:
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5437:Shaman Hatley
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5379:Theos Bernard
5377:
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5364:Yoga scholars
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5251:Light on Yoga
5248:
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5018:
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4991:Visuddhimagga
4988:
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4910:Shiva Samhita
4907:
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4884:
4883:
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4861:Bahr al-Hayat
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4572:Yoga Vasistha
4569:
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4560:
4559:
4558:Bhagavad Gita
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4536:and sometimes
4534:
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4400:
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4379:
4378:Roots of Yoga
4375:
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4364:
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4270:Vajroli mudra
4268:
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4068:
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4059:Bahr al-Hayāt
4055:
4054:
4053:Yogacintamani
4049:
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4037:
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4031:
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4018:
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3994:
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3990:
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3969:Shiva Samhita
3965:
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3801:Sopasrayasana
3799:
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3546:
3545:Shankarananda
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3535:Satchidananda
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Pattabhi Jois
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3495:Dharma Mittra
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3480:Kuvalayananda
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
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3460:Jaggi Vasudev
3458:
3456:
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3264:Sharon Gannon
3262:
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3260:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3224:Dharma Mittra
3221:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:Light on Yoga
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3194:
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3187:
3186:
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3177:
3174:
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3164:
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3159:
3156:
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3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:Integral Yoga
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3097:
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3091:
3087:
3086:Larry Schultz
3084:
3082:
3079:
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3028:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
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3013:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:Kaivalyadhama
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Shri Yogendra
2988:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:Enlighten Up!
2943:
2941:
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2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2904:Roots of Yoga
2900:
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2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2636:Geeta Iyengar
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2450:Hugger Mugger
2448:
2446:
2445:Angela Farmer
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2409:Asana Journal
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2317:Yoga Alliance
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:Meade, Marion
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1986:Penguin Books
1983:
1982:Roots of Yoga
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:. Continuum.
1877:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1834:Alter, Joseph
1831:
1830:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1691:
1690:Goldberg 2016
1686:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1627:
1620:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1555:, p. 19.
1554:
1549:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1480:Mastalia 2017
1476:
1470:, p. ix.
1469:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1256:9780199340378
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:"Modern Yoga"
1049:
1047:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
996:
995:
990:
985:
978:
977:
972:
971:Norman Sjoman
967:
959:
955:
950:
941:
937:
929:
927:
922:
918:
914:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
863:
857:
853:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
824:
810:
805:
799:
794:
788:
787:Jaggi Vasudev
782:
777:
773:
768:
762:
757:
753:
748:
742:
737:
736:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:Norman Sjoman
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:Eknath Ranade
686:
682:
678:
677:Jaggi Vasudev
674:
670:
669:Svaminarayana
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:Pattabhi Jois
626:
622:
618:
612:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
572:
568:
560:
556:
555:postural yoga
552:
547:
536:
531:
529:
515:
513:
502:
496:
492:
490:organisations
489:
486:some current
483:
478:
474:
470:
468:
462:
459:
458:
454:
453:Pattabhi Jois
448:
444:
441:
440:Pattabhi Jois
437:
432:
428:
425:
423:
417:
413:
410:
406:
405:
401:
395:
391:
389:
383:
379:
374:
370:
365:
361:
356:
352:
349:
339:
335:
332:
331:
327:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:, etc., 1959)
305:
301:
297:
292:
291:Kuvalayananda
288:
287:Kaivalyadhama
283:
279:
276:
267:
264:
263:
258:
254:
249:
246:
243:
242:
239:
237:
236:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
204:
202:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:Kuvalayananda
155:
151:
145:
135:
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:yoga postures
100:
96:
92:
86:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
45:
41:
38:derived from
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
5664:
5618:
5609:
5600:
5589:
5582:
5568:
5556:
5548:Selling Yoga
5547:
5538:
5529:
5519:
5451:
5417:Mikel Burley
5409:
5403:Edwin Bryant
5383:
5316:Yoga Journal
5314:
5307:
5273:Mindful Yoga
5268:Yoga hybrids
5249:
5196:Downward dog
5173:
5061:Anuttarayoga
4989:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4854:Amritasiddhi
4852:
4845:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4535:
4462:Five sheaths
4457:Three bodies
4376:
4366:
4210:
4202:
4185:Tittibhasana
4150:Bhairavasana
4137:
4120:
4114:
4080:Kraunchasana
4070:Bhujangasana
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4007:
3993:Gorakshasana
3987:Yogatārāvalī
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3963:Khecarīvidyā
3961:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3916:
3895:
3889:Amritasiddhi
3887:
3870:
3853:
3831:
3825:
3811:Svastikasana
3768:
3762:
3756:
3699:Five sheaths
3694:Three bodies
3628:
3600:
3530:Ravi Shankar
3450:Gurmukh Kaur
3328:
3290:Anusara Yoga
3253:Forrest Yoga
3245:Sarah Powers
3240:Paul Grilley
3213:
3206:
3197:Iyengar Yoga
3163:Stephen Cope
3153:Kripalu Yoga
3103:
3071:Mysore style
3025:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2888:Selling Yoga
2886:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2817:Switzerland
2773:Lyn Marshall
2757:
2749:
2683:Janice Gates
2678:Anne Cushman
2668:Mindful Yoga
2643:Yoga tourism
2626:For children
2573:
2510:
2416:Yoga Journal
2414:
2407:
2371:Janice Gates
2229:Downward dog
2159:Seriously...
2158:
2104:
2069:
2042:
2012:
1981:
1939:
1936:Jain, Andrea
1905:
1874:
1838:
1812:. Retrieved
1807:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1733:
1711:. Retrieved
1697:
1685:
1673:
1649:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:
1570:
1560:
1548:
1529:
1525:
1512:
1503:
1499:The Atlantic
1497:
1487:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1442:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1417:
1409:the original
1404:Yoga Journal
1402:
1395:Mohan, A. G.
1389:
1355:
1351:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1238:
1235:Jain, Andrea
1212:
1204:Yoga Journal
1154:
1145:
1137:Yoga Journal
1108:
1103:, p. 8.
1096:
1084:
1058:
1025:
1020:
1010:
1002:
992:
989:Joseph Alter
984:
974:
966:
957:
949:
940:
911:
879:
871:sociological
861:
850:
774:-based, 1996
754:-based, 1893
710:writes that
705:
703:'s lineage.
693:Swami Ramdev
649:Kripalu Yoga
614:
576:
564:
533:
526:
511:
508:
427:Iyengar Yoga
233:
216:
210:
203:
199:
186:with America
173:
147:
88:
67:anthropology
53:The scholar
52:
19:
18:
5693:Modern yoga
5520:Modern yoga
5491:Ernest Wood
5432:Gavin Flood
5393:Jason Birch
5183:As exercise
5081:Yantra yoga
5076:Devata yoga
4985:Anapanasati
4828:Sexual Yoga
4749:Kapalabhati
4719:Sama vritti
4670:Surat Shabd
4596:Eight limbs
4526:Bhakti yoga
4513:Three Yogas
4449:Subtle body
4367:Modern yoga
4298:Kapalabhati
4248:Mula Bandha
4238:Maha Bandha
4155:Durvasasana
4105:Vrikshasana
4090:Mandukasana
4020:Dhanurasana
3907:Shirshasana
3896:Yogashastra
3886:c. 11th C.
3869:c. 10th C.
3861:Kukkutasana
3776:Gomukhasana
3686:Subtle body
3601:Modern yoga
3570:Vivekananda
3485:Mahesh Yogi
3465:John Friend
3430:Beryl Birch
3415:Amrit Desai
3329:Modern yoga
3295:John Friend
3235:Paulie Zink
3184:Bikram Yoga
3158:Amrit Desai
3127:Ananda Yoga
3038:A. G. Mohan
2723:Aerial yoga
2552:B. C. Ghosh
2505:Vivekananda
1358:(1): 1–19.
954:De Michelis
890:subtle body
747:Vivekananda
657:Siddha Yoga
641:using props
621:Vivekananda
595:photography
571:Andrea Jain
482:Sri Chinmoy
414:Emphasises
378:Rajneeshism
360:Sahaja Yoga
289:, Lonavla (
230:Vivekananda
213:Ernest Wood
132:new thought
95:Vivekananda
20:Modern yoga
5642:Hatha yoga
5461:Max Müller
5295:Yoga Nidra
5101:Karmamudra
5066:Sahajayana
4838:Hatha yoga
4804:Mahasiddha
4724:Shatkarmas
4675:Aghor Yoga
4628:Pratyahara
4549:Philosophy
4531:Jnana yoga
4521:Karma yoga
4280:Shatkarmas
4160:Garudasana
4095:Matsyasana
4085:Makarasana
4030:Utkatasana
3878:Mayurasana
3852:c. 7th C.
3791:Siddhasana
3753:meditation
3678:Hatha yoga
3500:Muktananda
3490:Meher Baba
3475:Kriyananda
3420:Anandamayi
3324:Hatha yoga
3301:2006
3288:1997
3282:Bryan Kest
3272:Power Yoga
3270:1995
3257:1984
3251:1982
3222:1975
3195:1975
3182:1973
3176:Swami Rama
3169:1971
3151:1966
3138:1966
3132:Kriyananda
3125:1965
3112:1963
3092:1959
3076:Tim Miller
3043:Indra Devi
3014:1934
3001:1924
2983:1918
2952:2012
2944:2009
2936:2006
2917:2020
2909:2019
2901:2017
2893:2016
2885:2015
2870:2010
2862:2005
2847:2004
2839:1996
2737:By country
2721:2014
2715:2013
2704:2003
2666:1990
2662:Naked yoga
2660:1938
2557:K. V. Iyer
2509:1896
2457:Yoga pants
2435:Yoga brick
2361:Yoga nidra
2359:2008
2353:2007
2347:2002
2341:1979
2296:Standards
1678:Alter 2004
1281:(1): 2–3.
1157:. London.
1101:Meade 1980
1038:References
886:syncretism
867:historical
862:Haṭha yoga
856:in Britain
845:syncretism
732:Indra Devi
665:Bhaktiyoga
661:Muktananda
605:Leadership
583:psychology
581:religion,
567:Haṭha yoga
467:meditation
442:, c. 1948)
433:, c. 1966)
384:, c. 1964)
336:Neo-Hindu
313:Swami Rama
170:Niels Bukh
128:meditation
107:hatha yoga
44:devotional
40:Hatha yoga
5591:Yoga Body
5304:Journals
5138:Mahamudra
5056:Caryayoga
5040:Vajrayana
5013:Yogachara
4980:Vipassana
4962:Theravada
4821:Kundalini
4816:Laya Yoga
4754:Bhastrika
4692:Mahamudra
4623:Pranayama
4539:Rāja yoga
4336:Bhastrika
4323:Pranayama
4233:Mahamudra
4175:Pashasana
4100:Vajrasana
3918:Amaraugha
3902:Muktasana
3844:Kurmasana
3839:Dandasana
3806:Sukhasana
3796:Simhasana
3786:Padmasana
3781:Muktasana
3575:Yogananda
3555:Sivananda
3455:Harbhajan
3425:Aurobindo
2873:Yoga Body
2728:Beer yoga
2693:Cyndi Lee
2631:For women
2512:Raja Yoga
2462:Lululemon
2267:Pranayama
2249:Tree pose
2123:285464424
2103:(2015) .
2093:318191988
2031:971079999
2004:928480104
1962:878953765
1928:926062252
1783:1749-8171
1553:Jain 2015
1295:1573-420X
1217:Wood 2015
1171:cite book
1163:877612758
1153:(1939) .
728:Sivananda
681:Isha Yoga
623:with his
553:teaching
484:, c. 1964
422:pranayama
300:Sivananda
235:Raja Yoga
124:pranayama
63:sociology
5687:Category
5671:Category
5123:Mahayoga
5002:Mahayana
4953:Buddhism
4714:Kumbhaka
4589:Concepts
4504:Hinduism
4482:Sushumna
4346:Kumbhaka
4341:Bhramari
4170:Navasana
4165:Halasana
4136:19th C.
4113:18th C.
4075:Kakasana
4065:Bakasana
4038:17th C.
4006:15th C.
3981:Yogabīja
3960:14th C.
3925:13th C.
3915:12th C.
3816:Virasana
3751:Ancient
3714:Sushumna
3635:Category
3580:Yogendra
3520:Ram Dass
3230:Yin Yoga
3016:Viniyoga
2706:Acroyoga
2594:Hot yoga
2440:Yoga mat
2401:Journals
2067:(2010).
2041:(1980).
1980:(2017).
1938:(2015).
1904:(2016).
1894:51942410
1872:(2004).
1862:53483558
1836:(2004).
1802:(2013).
1713:22 March
1632:22 March
1609:22 March
1520:(2012).
1505:clothes.
1437:25 April
1343:(2007).
1303:72900651
1030:in 2016.
1015:in 2010.
997:in 2004.
979:in 1996.
926:Vedantic
917:Hinduism
807:precise
671:, as of
655:and the
591:medicine
538:—
488:Buddhist
479:, 1950s)
382:Rajneesh
357:, 1930s)
326:Yogendra
282:Yogendra
232:'s 1896
228:." With
226:Hinduism
172:'s 1924
154:Yogendra
119:esoteric
59:postural
5630:Related
5261:Related
5223:Vinyāsa
5213:Drishti
5158:Shingon
5133:Atiyoga
5128:Anuyoga
4970:Samatha
4771:Sādhanā
4759:Trataka
4660:Pranava
4643:Samadhi
4633:Dhāraṇā
4487:Pingala
4360:Related
4331:Anuloma
4313:Trataka
3589:Related
3440:Chinmoy
3312:Related
2970:Schools
2785:Germany
2767:Britain
2744:America
2653:Hybrids
2587:Aspects
2486:History
2329:Therapy
2272:Vinyāsa
2262:Drishti
2254:Warrior
1826:Sources
1814:13 July
752:Vedanta
691:and of
647:-based
633:vinyasa
625:Vedanta
599:fashion
579:New Age
561:, 1930s
503:, 1978
455:, 2006
402:, 1994
375:, 1966)
366:, 1970)
315:, 1971)
293:, 1924)
284:, 1918)
190:Britain
74:Origins
5174:Modern
5154:Japan
5148:Tangmi
5144:China
5072:Tibet
5047:India
5023:Tendai
5019:Japan
5009:India
4799:Siddhi
4794:Yogini
4781:Tantra
4734:Dhauti
4687:Bandha
4682:Mudras
4655:Mantra
4638:Dhyana
4606:Niyama
4467:Chakra
4351:Ujjayi
4288:Dhauti
4225:Mudras
3755:seats
3743:Asanas
3704:Chakra
3525:Ramdev
2805:Sweden
2800:Russia
2780:France
2380:Events
2211:Asanas
2203:Topics
2121:
2111:
2091:
2081:
2053:
2047:Putnam
2029:
2019:
2002:
1992:
1976:&
1974:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1926:
1916:
1892:
1882:
1860:
1850:
1781:
1741:
1661:
1578:
1423:"Yoga"
1301:
1293:
1253:
1161:
1073:
1009:wrote
991:wrote
973:wrote
873:, and
811:, 2004
809:asanas
772:Tantra
663:; the
645:tantra
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