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Rail transport modelling

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2561: 1855: 1253: 1801: 1836: 1817: 1636: 1421: 1409: 815: 1781: 1728:(DCC). The advantages of DCC are that track voltage is constant (usually in the range of 20 volts AC) and the command throttle sends a signal to small circuit cards, or decoders, hidden inside the piece of equipment which control several functions of an individual locomotive, including speed, direction of travel, lights, smoke and various sound effects. This allows more realistic operation in that the modeller can operate independently several locomotives on the same stretch of track. Several manufacturers also offer software that can provide 1754: 429: 54: 499: 2747: 3851: 2572: 763: 1769: 507: 1216:
years. Working knuckle couplers are a closer approximation to the "automatic" couplers used on the prototype there and elsewhere. Also in HO, the European manufacturers have standardized, but on a coupler mount, not a coupler: many varieties of coupler can be plugged in (and out) of the NEM coupler box. None of the popular couplers has any resemblance to the prototype three-link chains generally used on the continent.
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not only provide track to operate realistic models, but also emphasize realistic, plausible scenery; realistic, reliable trackwork; and operations. Free-Mo was designed to go beyond the traditional closed-loop set-up in creating a truly universal "free-form" modular design that is operations-oriented and heavily influenced by prototype railroading. This is emphasized in the Free-mo motto, "More than Just a Standard".
1699: 1185:) with more generous tolerances than P4 for check clearances. It gives a better appearance than OO though pointwork is not as close to reality as P4. It suits many where time and improved appearance are important. There is a small following of finescale OO which uses the same 16.5mm gauge as OO, but with the finer scale wheels and smaller clearances as used with EM- it is essentially 'EM-minus-1.7mm.' 471: 1241: 2710: 745:, U.S. Operations form an important aspect of rail transport modelling with many layouts being dedicated to emulating the operational aspects of a working railway. These layouts can become extremely complex with multiple routes, movement patterns and timetabled operation. The British outline model railway of Banbury Connections is one of the world's most complicated model railways. 483: 1232: 1220:
theoretically enables modellers of British railways to substitute any other NEM362 coupler, though many Bachmann models place the coupler pocket at the wrong height. A fairly common alternative is to use representations of chain couplings as found on the prototype, though these require large radius curves to be used to avoid derailments.
2695:, uses a double-track mainline running down both sides of a module. Modules can be of any length or width in the middle and any overall shape. The "standard" called Z-Bend Track applies only to the last 5 inches (130 mm) of the module's interface to other modules, the electrical interface and the module height. 2606:
Free-mo Originally developed by the San Luis Obispo Model Railroad Club in 1995 (California), it has grown across North America and is expanding across the world. The objective of the Free-mo Standard is to provide a platform for prototype modelling in a flexible, modular environment. Free-mo modules
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system with the wheels resting on a metal track with metal sleepers that conducted power and a middle rail which provided power to a skid under the locomotive. This made sense at the time as models were metal and conductive. Modern plastics were not available and insulation was a problem. In addition
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Many groups build modules, which are sections of layouts, and can be joined together to form a larger layout, for meetings or for special occasions. For each kind of module system, there is an interface standard, so that modules made by different participants may be connected, even if they have never
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Later, modellers became dissatisfied with inaccuracies and developed standards in which everything is correctly scaled. These are used by modellers but have not spread to mass-production because the inaccuracies and overscale properties of the commercial scales ensure reliable operation and allow for
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Several organizations exist to set standardizations for connectibility between individual layout sections (commonly called "modules"). This is so several (or hundreds, given enough space and power) people or groups can bring together their own modules, connect them together with as little trouble as
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A simple H0 (1:87) scale model railroad, consisting of three interconnected modules, each 70 x 100 cm in size. It has two concentric ovals of track and a few switches to sidetracks. It makes no pretension of being a copy of "real life". Using low-cost landscaping parts, house kits and rolling stock,
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Modellers may collect model trains, building a landscape for the trains to pass through. They may also operate their own railroad in miniature. For some modellers, the goal of building a layout is to eventually run it as if it were a real railroad (if the layout is based on the fancy of the builder)
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Electricity permits control by dividing the layout into isolated blocks, where trains can be slowed or stopped by lowering or cutting power to a block. Dividing a layout into blocks permits operators to run more than one train with less risk of a fast train catching and hitting a slow train. Blocks
1627:-electric models, patterned after real diesel-electric locomotives, come up among hobbyists and companies like Pilgrim Locomotive Works have sold such locomotives. Large-scale petrol-mechanical and petrol-hydraulic models are available but unusual and pricier than the electrically powered versions. 1568:
and seldom used by hobbyists. Batteries located in the model often power garden railway and larger scale systems because of the difficulty in obtaining reliable power supply through the outdoor rails. The high power consumption and current draw of large-scale garden models is more easily and safely
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underlayment and an interface which depends on using a metal template to locate 1-inch (25 mm) pegs to mate to 1-inch holes in the adjoining module. The rails of the tracks are positioned in an exact relationship with the pegs. The rails come up to the end of the modules, so that the rails on
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refers to making a model look used and exposed to weather by simulating dirt and wear on real vehicles, structures and equipment. Most models come out of the box looking new, because unweathered finishes are easier to produce. Also, the wear a freight car or building undergoes depends not only on
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for interchangeability, such as gauge, but trains were only a rough approximation to the real thing. Official scales for the gauges were drawn up but not at first rigidly followed and not necessarily correctly proportioned for the gauge chosen. 0 (zero) gauge trains, for instance, operate on track
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Weathering purchased models is common, at the least, weathering aims to reduce the plastic-like finish of scale models. The simulation of grime, rust, dirt, and wear adds realism. Some modellers simulate fuel stains on tanks, or corrosion on battery boxes. In some cases, evidence of accidents or
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The first clockwork (spring-drive) and live steam locomotives ran until out of power, with no way for the operator to stop and restart the locomotive or vary its speed. The advent of electric trains, which appeared commercially in the 1890s, allowed control of the speed by varying the current or
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In HO, the Americans standardized on horn-hook, or X2F couplers. Horn hook couplers have largely given way to a design known as a working knuckle coupler which was popularized by the Kadee Quality Products Co., and which has subsequently been emulated by a number of other manufactures in recent
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For British modellers, whose most popular scale is OO, the normal coupler is a tension-lock coupler, which, again has no pretence of replicating the usual prototype three-link chain couplers. Bachmann and more recently Hornby have begun to offer models fitted with NEM coupler pockets. This
1145:) standard gauge in H0 (half-0) 3.5 mm/1 foot or 1:87.1. This arose due to British locomotives and rolling stock being smaller than those found elsewhere, leading to an increase in scale to enable H0 scale mechanisms to be used. Most commercial scales have standards that include wheel 1396:), sanding, breaking, and even the use of chemicals to cause corrosion. Some processes become very creative depending on the skill of the modeller. For instance several steps may be taken to create a rusting effect to ensure not only proper colouring, but also proper texture and lustre. 1475:
and controlled by levers on the locomotive. Although this made control crude the models were large and robust enough that handling the controls was practical. Various manufacturers introduced slowing and stopping tracks that could trigger levers on the locomotive and allow station stops.
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in Paris. It was powered by clockwork and ran in a figure-of-eight. Electric trains appeared around the start of the 20th century, but these were crude likenesses. Model trains today are more realistic, in addition to being much more technologically advanced. Today modellers create
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possible, and operate their trains. Despite different design and operation philosophies, different organizations have similar goals; standardized ends to facilitate connection with other modules built to the same specifications, standardized electricals, equipment, curve radii.
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became available, this was one way of controlling two trains separately on the same track. The electric-outline model would be supplied by the overhead wire and the other model could be supplied by one of the running rails. The other running rail would act as a common return.
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too widely spaced in the United States as the scale is accepted as 1:48 whereas in Britain 0 gauge uses a ratio of 43.5:1 or 7 mm/1 foot and the gauge is near to correct. British OO standards operate on track significantly too narrow. The 4 mm/1 foot scale on a
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maintains a model train set with custom made components; the set and certain components contribute to a death as well as provide important clues to a murder investigation. During the investigation, DCI Tom Mathias reveals that his late brother was a model train
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were isolated from each other and the rails carried the positive and negative supply with the right rail carrying the positive potential. This system precludes some track layouts that occur in the real world but would create short circuits in a two-rail model.
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inches (70 mm) high, which set on tables, that are not part of the modules, but are often found at sites which members meet. It uses a specific track interface, which has joiners which hold the modules together, which enables quick setting up and taking
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adjacent modules do not need joiner track, but depend on the accuracy of the placement of the rails to allow trains to pass from one section to another. This style of module allows for very quick set-up, compared with module systems that use joiner tracks.
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or as the real railroad did (if the layout is based on a prototype). If modellers choose to model a prototype, they may reproduce track-by-track reproductions of the real railroad in miniature, often using prototype track diagrams and historic maps.
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a European-based organisation focusing on a single-track line, HO Scale. Also sets standards for N Scale modules. Standards are considerably more flexible in module shape than NTRAK, and has expanded over the years to accommodate several scenery
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more sophisticated throttles appeared, and soon trains powered by AC contained mechanisms to change direction or go into neutral gear when the operator cycled the power. Trains powered by DC can change direction by reversing polarity.
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Many layout builders are choosing digital operation of their layouts rather than the more traditional DC design. Of the several competing systems, the command system offered by the majority of manufacturers in 2020 was a variant of
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can also trigger signals or other accessories, adding realism or whimsy. Three-rail systems often insulate one of the common rails on a section of track, and use a passing train to complete the circuit and activate an accessory.
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techniques have extended this ability to thicker materials for scale steam and other locomotive types. Scratch builders may also make silicone rubber moulds of the parts they create, and cast them in various plastic resins (see
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that are too large. In H0 scale, the rail heights are codes 100, 87, 83, 70, 55, 53, and 40 -- the height in thousandths of an inch from base to railhead (so code 100 is a tenth of an inch and represents 156-pound rail).
2596:, N Scale, two-track main with hidden third track (can be used as NTRAK's third main, as a return/continuous loop, or hidden yard/siding/on-line storage). Australian scenery and rolling stock modelled in Standard Gauge. 2651:, operationally similar to FREMO, standardises around a single-track mainline, with modules of varying sizes and shapes. Designed with the existing NTRAK spec in mind, is fully compatible with such modules. 1389:, while cars in deserts may be subjected to sandstorms which etch or strip paint. A model that is weathered would not fit as many layouts as a pristine model which can be weathered by its purchaser. 1681:
Etched kits are still popular, still accompanied by low temperature castings. These kits produce models that are not covered by the major manufacturers or in scales that are not in mass production.
1780: 2645:. Due to its popularity, it can be found in regional variations, most notably the imperial-to-metric measurement conversions. Tends to be used more for "unattended display" than "operation". 2654: 1306:
is a substance used in the building of dioramas and model railways to simulate the effect of grass, poppies, fireweed, track ballast and other scenic ground cover. Scatter used to simulate
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is a featured guest at the Bangor model train convention and is introduced as "our Competitive Model Train World Champion". He expresses a dislike of alleged rival model train competitor
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produce live steam locomotives in OO, based on designs first arrived at by an amateur modeller. Other modellers have built live steam models in HO/OO, OO9 and N, and there is one in Z in
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repairs may be added, such as dents or freshly painted replacement parts, and weathered models can be nearly indistinguishable from their prototypes when photographed appropriately.
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and the scenery through which it passes, called a "layout". Hobbyists, called "railway modellers" or "model railroaders", may maintain models large enough to ride (see
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because few homes in the late 19th century and early 20th century had electricity. Today, inexpensive train sets running on batteries are again common but regarded as
1463:(DCC) systems use alternating current. Other locomotives, particularly large models, can use steam. Steam and clockwork-driven engines are still sought by collectors. 2383: 2393: 2306: 1968: 1690:), or plasters. This may be done to save duplication of effort, or to sell to others. Resin "craftsman kits" are also available for a wide range of prototypes. 2509: 2351: 2321: 2185: 2138: 2828: 2205: 1918: 1271:
Constructing scenery involves preparing a sub-terrain using a wide variety of building materials, including (but not limited to) screen wire, a lattice of
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vary from a circle or oval of track to realistic reproductions of real places modelled to scale. Probably the largest model landscape in the UK is in the
2311: 2093: 2625:, National Model Railroad Association, the largest organization devoted to the development, promotion, and enjoyment of the hobby of model railroading. 1913: 1373:, or rippled glass. Rocks can be cast in plaster or in plastic with a foam backing. Castings can be painted with stains to give colouring and shadows. 701:. This was built in the late 1930s to late 1950s and brought in realistic modelling, receiving coverage on both sides of the Atlantic in the magazines 2217: 1654:
techniques can allow mass-produced models to cost-effectively achieve a high degree of precision and realism. In the past this was not the case and
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Other scales have similar ranges of non-compatible couplers available. In all scales couplers can be exchanged, with varying degrees of difficulty.
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is a society/association of individuals which has developed a system of HO modules, which feature lightweight waffle construction using 5 mm
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their layout, creating a fantasy world or modelling an actual location, often historic. Landscaping is termed "scenery building" or "scenicking".
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scaled from the prototype. This 4 mm:1 ft modelling uses wheels 2 mm (0.079 in) or less wide running on track with a gauge of
627:, York, England and dates back to 1912. It remained in use until 1995. The model was built as a training exercise by apprentices of the company's 510:
Z scale (1:220) scene of a 2-6-0 steam locomotive being turned. A scratch-built Russell snow plow is parked on a stub (Val Ease Central Railroad).
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and model foliage are applied; or they can be bought ready-made from specialist manufacturers. Water can be simulated using polyester casting
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In addition to different scales, there are also different types of couplers for connecting cars, which are not compatible with each other.
3176: 2726: 2665: 2372: 2266: 2045: 942:) is most popular for backyard modelling. It is easier to fit a G scale model into a garden and keep scenery proportional to the trains. 3064: 1806:
A small 5-inch (13 cm) gauge live steam locomotive at the Wagga Wagga Society of Model Engineers' miniature railway, Willans Hill,
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exist where enthusiasts meet. Clubs often display models for the public. One specialist branch concentrates on larger scales and
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in the 1930s is under construction. The museum also houses one of the earliest scenic models – the Madder Valley layout built by
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is often depicted playing with his model trains when not on ecumenical duty, often while wearing a conductor's uniform and hat.
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Involvement ranges from possession of a train set to spending hours and large sums of money on a large and exacting model of a
457: 2761:, Doc brown builds a "crude" electrified model rail "not to scale" to demonstrate his time travel experiment to Marty in 1885. 1835: 1816: 3785: 1868: 407: 2933:, elaborate model railroad display depicts the seven railroads that operated in the Upper Verde Valley of Arizona, 1895–1953 857:
engine is 50 mm (1.97 in) tall, and 100 to 300 mm (3.94 to 11.81 in) long. The most popular scales are:
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shortcuts necessary for cost control. The finescale standards include the UK's P4, and the even finer S4, which uses track
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Static diorama models or "push along" scale models are a branch of model railways for unpowered locomotives, examples are
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is the oldest model village and includes a model railway, dating from the 1930s. The world's largest model railroad in
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The size of engines depends on the scale and can vary from 700 mm (27.6 in) tall for the largest rideable
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is a model train aficionado. He is shown wearing an engineer's cap while playing with model trains in his garage.
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There are many weather techniques that include, but are not limited to, painting (by either drybrushing or an
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age but where it is used. Rail cars in cities accumulate grime from building and automobile exhaust and
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met with internal rechargeable batteries. Most large-scale battery-powered models use radio control.
1252: 759:, or diesel-hydraulic, and the engines are often powerful enough to haul dozens of human passengers. 653: 355: 350: 345: 207: 64: 2637:, standardized three-track (heavy operation) mainline with several optional branchlines. Focuses on 1408: 604: 3795: 2529: 2335: 1997: 774: 306: 102: 3854: 2917: 2403: 1725: 1635: 1548: 1503: 1460: 738: 624: 375: 335: 257: 2613:, European Union of Model Railroad and Railroad Fans, the European standardization organisation. 3675: 3518: 2978: 2910: 2766: 2757: 2346: 2271: 2210: 1791: 1671: 365: 262: 131: 69: 3197: 1531:
to replace the central rail, allowing existing three-rail models to use more realistic track.
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and Gauge 3 are also popular for gardens. O, S, HO, and N scale are more often used indoors.
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HO scale (1:87) model of a North American center cab switcher shown with a pencil for size
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specialises in historical matters and has archives available to members and non-members.
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materials can be used to simulate shrubbery. An alternative to scatter, for grass, is
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in the 1950s pioneered automatic control of track-switching by using telephone relays.
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Season 1, Episode 4 ("The Girl in the Water"), a semi-recluse who lives and works at
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At first, model railways were not to scale. Aided by trade associations such as the
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layout, 47 cm × 32 cm (18.5 in × 12.6 in) in size
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As accuracy became important some systems adopted two-rail power in which the
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in a Z scale model locomotive. The entire engine is only 50 mm (2") long.
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which uses static electricity to make its simulated grass actually stand up.
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Buildings and structures can be purchased as kits, or built from cardboard,
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The scenery base is covered with substitutes for ground cover, which may be
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techniques. More sophisticated models can be made using a combination of
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models. Powered model railways are now generally operated by low voltage
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The largest common scale is 1:8, with 1:4 sometimes used for park rides.
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A 242A1 locomotive and standard gauge track at some model railway scales
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The oldest society is 'The Model Railway Club' (established 1910), near
737:. The largest live steam layout, with 25 miles (40 km) of track is 3817: 3807: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3595: 3590: 3533: 3118: 2964: 2925: 2897: 2571: 2486: 2195: 1842: 1823: 1787: 1578: 1342: 1272: 1159: 939: 842: 762: 756: 752: 686: 649: 545: 491: 296: 291: 163: 136: 3414: 3132: 2988: 2291: 1581:
are often built in large outdoor gauges of 5 inches (130 mm) and
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The world's oldest working model railway is a model designed to train
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and track were crude tinplate. A variation on the three-rail system,
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been connected before. Many of these module types are listed in the
595:(French: Chemin de fer du Prince ImpĂ©rial) built in 1859 by Emperor 3822: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3255: 3169:"MODELING IN SCALE – Dimensions, Conversion Charts, Sizes, F.A.Q.s" 2127: 2074: 1860: 1729: 1624: 1393: 1386: 1362: 1346: 1077: 882: 878: 874: 854: 720: 690: 644: 612:, often recreating real locations and periods throughout history. 417: 3426: 2977:– A museum dedicated to the history of scale model railroading in 1845: 1826: 834:
is the model's measurement as a proportion to the original, while
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seem at first interchangeable but their meanings are different.
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scales such as 1:4, down to matchbox size for the smallest:
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any relevant information into other sections or articles.
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A compromise of P4 and OO is "EM" which uses a gauge of
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town includes weathered buildings and tall uncut grass.
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it was built for a total of only a few hundred dollars.
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that are too deep, wheel treads that are too wide, and
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Most early models for the toy market were powered by
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Associazione Ferrovie Siciliane – AFS (Messina – IT)
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runs a model railway in the garage after he retired.
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the notion of accurate models had yet to evolve and
2674:, is a modular system that uses table-top modules, 1075:(NEM), manufacturers and hobbyists soon arrived at 1174:and wing-rail clearances are similarly accurate. 2750:A humorous sign regarding "model railway disease" 2583: 693:but with more accurate track gauge) model of the 3867: 2668:, Polish TT-scale (1:120) modules organization. 2631:, Polish N-scale (1:160) modules organization. 2619:, The German modelling standards organisation. 1742: 1678:, such as wheels and couplings are purchased. 1658:was very common. Simple models are made using 1208:Railway coupling § Model railway couplers 3442: 3346:"Sipping and Switching Society of NC website" 3222:"Bragdon Enterprises – Geo Foam Instructions" 1115:), 7 inches or 178 millimetres (undersized). 517:(UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland) or 451: 3409:The National Model Railroad Association, USA 1928:Associated Hobby Manufacters (AHM) (defunct) 1595:inches (190 mm), are also available in 1702:Coin-operated model train layout in Germany 1527:Other systems such as MĂ€rklin instead used 1424:Model of WP Steam Locomotive (1:3 size) at 3449: 3435: 1707:voltage. As trains began to be powered by 1201: 458: 444: 3062: 2946:Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago) 2745: 2570: 2566:Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry 2559: 1697: 1634: 1547:, like the full-size locomotive. Before 1419: 1407: 1251: 1239: 1230: 1093:) gauge corresponds to a track gauge of 813: 761: 505: 497: 481: 469: 1794:'s 7.25-inch (18.4 cm) gauge track 1560:Early electric trains ran on trackside 14: 3868: 1762:: An HO-scale Australian model railway 1618: 838:is the measurement between the rails. 638: 587:The earliest model railways were the ' 3430: 2996:Groups dedicated to railway modelling 2699: 2472:Bob's Hobbies and Models (Trainorama) 1275:strips, or carved stacks of expanded 3028: 2703: 2556:List of railroad-related periodicals 799: 3456: 3063:Hollowood, Russell (9 April 2014). 3009:National Model Railroad Association 2655:Sipping and Switching Society of NC 1774:An O-scale Australian model railway 1630: 1403: 1067:National Model Railroad Association 631:and supplied with rolling stock by 24: 3036:"Chemin de fer du Prince imperial" 2878:Rail transport modelling standards 2641:, but also has specifications for 1735:In large scales, particularly for 810:Rail transport modelling standards 599:for his then 3-year-old son, also 25: 3892: 3402: 2720:list of miscellaneous information 2003:Buggleskelly Station (founded by 1869:Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway 1607:and can be found in O and OO/HO. 3850: 3849: 3003:Historical Model Railway Society 2922:Miniature Railroad & Village 2893:Standard gauge in Model railways 2708: 1881:the Museum of the Moscow Railway 1853: 1834: 1815: 1799: 1779: 1767: 1752: 1645:the Museum of the Moscow Railway 1264:Some modellers pay attention to 1072:Normen EuropĂ€ischer Modellbahnen 621:Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 427: 52: 3380: 3366: 3352: 3338: 3320: 3306: 3292: 3278: 3260: 3249: 3235: 3015:Sydney Model Railway Exhibition 2970:San Diego Model Railroad Museum 2873:Rail transport modelling scales 1489:Early electrical models used a 1310:is usually fine-grained ground 806:Rail transport modelling scales 572:, lights, and features such as 3214: 3190: 3161: 3143: 3125: 3111: 3082: 3056: 2584:Layout standards organizations 2160:Kato Precision Railroad Models 1479: 1226: 1196:Layout standards organizations 593:Railway of the Prince Imperial 13: 1: 3677:Standard gauge railway scales 3021: 1572: 1376: 243:Passenger traffic terminology 2858:List of model railroad clubs 2549: 1863:Model Railway featuring the 1808:Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 1466: 766:A railway modelling club in 7: 3739:Narrow gauge railway scales 3243:"Ultraminiature Live Steam" 2905:Displays and famous layouts 2835: 2575:A model railway based on a 1743:Model railway manufacturers 1641:Russian locomotive class FD 10: 3897: 3415:The Model Railway Club, UK 2931:Clemenceau Heritage Museum 2908: 2553: 2144:Ives Manufacturing Company 1786:A propane-fired 1:8 scale 1693: 1205: 1188: 803: 685:, where an EM gauge (same 29: 3845: 3778: 3583: 3552: 3464: 2960:National Toy Train Museum 2848:Great American Train Show 2135:International Hobby Corp. 2084:Golden Age Models Limited 1732:-control of DCC layouts. 1539:Where the model is of an 1198:section of this article. 877:(in Britain, the similar 654:Ridable miniature railway 356:List of high-speed trains 3876:Rail transport modelling 3288:(in German and English). 2717:This article contains a 2106:Hartlan Locomotive Works 1998:Broadway Limited Imports 1543:, it may be supplied by 775:Tech Model Railroad Club 603:, in the grounds of the 494:, 1:8) model locomotives 32:Train § Terminology 3388:"Z-Bend Track homepage" 3173:www.oakridgehobbies.com 3137:themodelrailwayclub.org 3069:National Railway Museum 2918:Carnegie Science Center 2564:Model train display at 2404:Rio Grande Models, Ltd. 2384:Powerline model railway 1726:Digital Command Control 1549:Digital Command Control 1504:Digital Command Control 1461:Digital Command Control 1361:, and caspia, to which 1202:Couplers and connectors 1123:) gauge corresponds to 625:National Railway Museum 623:. It is located in the 258:Railway nationalization 2979:Alamogordo, New Mexico 2911:List of model railways 2758:Back to the Future III 2751: 2580: 2568: 2463:Touch Rail (é”æ”Żè·ŻæšĄćž‹æœ‰é™ć…Źćž) 2394:Rapido Trains (Canada) 2307:Merten (model railway) 2288:(both defunct by 2001) 1792:Finnish Railway Museum 1703: 1647: 1432: 1417: 1261: 1256:The landscape in this 1249: 1237: 819: 770: 605:ChĂąteau de Saint-Cloud 511: 503: 495: 479: 366:Longest train services 248:Named passenger trains 3119:"Banbury Connections" 2942:The Great Train Story 2772:Borth railway station 2749: 2574: 2563: 2080:G .& R. Wrenn Ltd 1790:train running on the 1701: 1660:cardboard engineering 1638: 1423: 1412:The sugar-cube sized 1411: 1283:, hybrid paper-pulp ( 1255: 1243: 1234: 817: 765: 610:model railway layouts 521:(US and Canada) is a 509: 501: 486:One of the smallest ( 485: 473: 381:Platform screen doors 27:Modeling trains hobby 3360:"sTTandard homepage" 2937:Gorre & Daphetid 2579:in the United States 2510:Von Stetina Artworks 2437:Southern Rail Models 2352:Norsk Modelljernbane 2322:Mistral Train Models 2186:Kres (model railway) 2139:Irish Railway Models 1986:Bowser Manufacturing 1937:Atlas Model Railroad 1670:and low temperature 1643:number FD20-2865 at 1349:, other soft woods, 749:Model railroad clubs 434:Transport portal 386:Railway speed record 3328:"oNeTrack homepage" 2975:The Toy Train Depot 2951:Miniatur Wunderland 2431:Slater's Plastikard 2342:MTH Electric Trains 2251:Bachmann Industries 2165:Kemtron Corporation 2029:DJH Models and Kits 1992:Bachmann Branchline 1956:Bachmann Industries 1919:Aristo-Craft Trains 1619:Internal combustion 1577:Engines powered by 1541:electric locomotive 1457:alternating current 1326:. Foam or natural 931:) standard gauge). 853:(1:450). A typical 786:Kings Cross, London 726:Miniatur Wunderland 695:Vale of White Horse 639:General description 361:List of train songs 238:High-speed railways 191:Couplers by country 40:Part of a series on 3881:Miniature railways 3300:"Free-mo homepage" 2984:Virginian and Ohio 2752: 2700:In popular culture 2581: 2577:fictional location 2569: 2249:Liliput (owned by 2240:Lehmann Gross Bahn 1704: 1674:. Parts that need 1648: 1453:Lionel Corporation 1433: 1418: 1262: 1250: 1238: 820: 794:Ripley, Derbyshire 771: 703:Model Railway News 512: 504: 496: 480: 196:Coupler conversion 3863: 3862: 3829:Diecast Collector 3314:"N-orma homepage" 3268:"ausTRAK website" 3094:trainmountain.org 3052:. 8 October 1859. 3041:Le Monde IllustrĂ© 2807:Trailer Park Boys 2755:In the 1990 film 2744: 2743: 2312:Micro-Trains Line 2094:Great West Models 1063: 1062: 909:) instead of the 800:Scales and gauges 743:Chiloquin, Oregon 660:Backyard railroad 519:model railroading 515:Railway modelling 468: 467: 186:Railway couplings 169:Steam locomotives 16:(Redirected from 3888: 3853: 3852: 3836:Meccano Magazine 3451: 3444: 3437: 3428: 3427: 3396: 3395: 3390:. Archived from 3384: 3378: 3377: 3374:"T-TRAK website" 3370: 3364: 3363: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3330:. Archived from 3324: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3286:"FREMO homepage" 3282: 3276: 3275: 3270:. 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Modern 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1415: 1410: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1383: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:track ballast 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1259: 1254: 1247: 1242: 1233: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1199: 1197: 1186: 1183:0.717 in 1175: 1173: 1168:0.741 in 1164:18.83 mm 1161: 1155: 1152: 1148: 1143:1,435 mm 1113:1,257 mm 1083: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1002: 999: 998: 994: 991: 990: 986: 983: 982: 978: 975: 974: 970: 967: 966: 962: 959: 958: 954: 951: 950: 947: 945: 941: 937: 932: 929:1,435 mm 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 816: 811: 807: 797: 795: 791: 787: 782: 780: 776: 769: 764: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 727: 722: 718: 714: 710: 709: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 675:Pendon Museum 672: 668: 664: 662: 661: 656: 655: 651: 646: 636: 634: 633:Bassett-Lowke 630: 629:Horwich Works 626: 622: 618: 613: 611: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570:model figures 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 550:rolling stock 547: 543: 538: 536: 533:at a reduced 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 508: 500: 493: 489: 484: 477: 472: 461: 456: 454: 449: 447: 442: 441: 439: 438: 435: 430: 425: 424: 419: 416: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 333: 332: 331: 327: 326: 320: 317: 315: 312: 308: 305: 304: 303: 302:Rapid transit 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 286: 283: 282: 281: 278: 277: 276: 275: 271: 270: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 228:Regional rail 226: 224: 223:Commuter rail 221: 219: 216: 214: 213:Bogie (truck) 211: 209: 206: 202: 201:Dual coupling 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 188: 187: 184: 182: 181:Railroad cars 179: 177: 174: 170: 167: 166: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 155: 154: 151: 150:rolling stock 147: 146: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 124: 123: 120: 116: 113: 112: 111: 110:Railway track 108: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 85: 84: 83: 79: 78: 71: 70:Company types 68: 66: 63: 62: 60: 59: 55: 51: 50: 47: 44: 43: 39: 38: 33: 19: 3834: 3827: 3738: 3676: 3601:1:18 diecast 3538: 3487:Construction 3392:the original 3382: 3368: 3354: 3340: 3332:the original 3322: 3308: 3294: 3280: 3272:the original 3262: 3251: 3237: 3226:. Retrieved 3216: 3205:. Retrieved 3201: 3192: 3181:. Retrieved 3177:the original 3172: 3163: 3154: 3151:"HMRS: HMRS" 3145: 3136: 3127: 3113: 3102:. Retrieved 3098:the original 3093: 3084: 3072:. Retrieved 3068: 3058: 3039: 3030: 2868:Plasticville 2822: 2805: 2794:The Simpsons 2792: 2781:The Sopranos 2779: 2765: 2756: 2732: 2718: 2693:Z-Bend Track 2643:narrow gauge 2587: 2302:Merkur (toy) 2191:Kuehn-modell 2005:Tom Marshall 1990:Branchline ( 1759: 1734: 1722: 1718: 1709:transformers 1705: 1680: 1649: 1622: 1576: 1559: 1538: 1526: 1523:Stud contact 1513: 1488: 1470: 1455:, which use 1434: 1398: 1391: 1381: 1380: 1371:polyurethane 1340: 1336:static grass 1331: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1292:Static Grass 1289: 1285:papier-mĂąchĂ© 1270: 1263: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1192: 1179:18.2 mm 1176: 1156: 1121:0.65 in 1117:16.5 mm 1091:0.65 in 1087:16.5 mm 1076: 1070: 1064: 933: 840: 835: 831: 827: 823: 821: 783: 772: 747: 724: 706: 702: 687:1:76.2 scale 669: 665: 658: 648: 642: 614: 597:Napoleon III 586: 542:scale models 539: 529:systems are 518: 514: 513: 370: 148:Service and 3155:hmrs.org.uk 3074:14 February 2944:exhibit at 2888:Scale model 2843:Brass model 2775:aficionado. 2603:variations. 2428:ScaleTrains 2399:REE ModĂšles 2358:Oxford Rail 2327:Model Power 2262:Lionel, LLC 2221: [ 2209: [ 2065:Fleischmann 1972: [ 1896:Accurascale 1879:Railway in 1810:, Australia 1760:Exeter Bank 1639:Model of a 1605:16 mm scale 1480:Electricity 1277:polystyrene 1266:landscaping 1227:Landscaping 1151:rail tracks 1069:(NMRA) and 907:914 mm 849:(1:220) or 679:Oxfordshire 546:locomotives 474:A Japanese 396:Terminology 341:Attractions 328:Miscellanea 164:Locomotives 122:Track gauge 115:Maintenance 3870:Categories 3818:Port Revel 3808:Kitbashing 3570:Matchstick 3228:2012-05-05 3207:2016-11-17 3183:2016-11-17 3104:2005-10-29 3022:References 2965:Northlandz 2926:Pittsburgh 2898:Train game 2853:Lego train 2829:Red Forman 2767:Hinterland 2735:March 2024 2487:USA Trains 2440:SDS Models 2317:Minitrains 2196:Lego train 2090:("Grafar") 1843:Live Steam 1824:Live Steam 1788:live steam 1713:rectifiers 1666:sheets of 1579:live steam 1573:Live steam 1496:toy trains 1491:three-rail 1485:Three-rail 1382:Weathering 1377:Weathering 1343:balsa wood 1322:or ground 1320:wood chips 1172:Check-rail 1160:dimensions 940:1:24 scale 843:live steam 822:The words 777:(TMRC) at 757:live steam 699:John Ahern 650:Live steam 562:signalling 554:streetcars 492:live steam 346:By country 297:Interurban 292:Light rail 137:Dual gauge 88:Management 3750:H0m scale 3745:H0e scale 3713:Protofour 3553:Materials 3544:Wargaming 3497:Dollhouse 2666:sTTandard 2550:Magazines 2497:Viessmann 2483:/Minitrix 2409:Rivarossi 2379:Playmobil 2375:(defunct) 2373:Playcraft 2286:Tyco Toys 2267:LS Models 2245:Life-Like 2176:Kleinbahn 2070:Frateschi 2061:(defunct) 2046:ExactRail 2042:Eggerbahn 2026:(defunct) 1949:Austrains 1946:Auscision 1676:machining 1613:Australia 1562:batteries 1500:Trix Twin 1473:clockwork 1467:Clockwork 1437:Lone Star 1359:candytuft 1355:sagebrush 1273:cardboard 1246:H0e scale 1082:standards 938:(Garden, 903:3 ft 855:HO (1:87) 790:Butterley 713:Bekonscot 617:signalmen 525:in which 476:H0e scale 371:Modelling 351:Companies 336:Accidents 159:Operating 93:Rail yard 3855:Category 3823:Room box 3791:Aircraft 3708:OO scale 3703:HO scale 3698:TT scale 3519:Military 3472:Aircraft 3465:Products 2836:See also 2727:relocate 2530:Williams 2520:Walthers 2501:Vitrains 2453:Tenshodo 2449:Tenmille 2336:Hasegawa 2284:, later 2277:Mainline 2234:Matchbox 2128:Ibertren 2075:Fulgurex 2019:Darstaed 1891:Accurail 1883:, Moscow 1861:HO gauge 1730:computer 1672:castings 1625:gasoline 1510:Two-rail 1394:airbrush 1387:graffiti 1363:adhesive 1347:basswood 1139: in 1109: in 1078:de facto 925: in 883:TT scale 875:HO scale 721:H0 scale 645:railroad 601:Napoleon 544:include 531:modelled 418:Vactrain 208:Wheelset 3770:V scale 3733:1 scale 3728:O scale 3723:G scale 3718:S scale 3693:N scale 3688:Z scale 3683:T gauge 3575:Plastic 3565:Diecast 3539:Railway 3492:Diorama 3256:kres.de 2989:VĂœtopna 2955:Hamburg 2883:Railfan 2725:Please 2683:⁄ 2649:oNeTRAK 2594:ausTRAK 2505:Vollmer 2424:Rokuhan 2292:MĂ€rklin 2109:Haskell 2098:GĂŒtzold 2010:Con-Cor 1965:Bavaria 1942:Auhagen 1932:Athearn 1694:Control 1650:Modern 1601:G scale 1597:Gauge 1 1590:⁄ 1556:Battery 1449:MĂ€rklin 1332:scatter 1316:sawdust 1312:granite 1300:Scatter 1296:scatter 1258:N scale 1189:Modules 1147:flanges 1134:⁄ 1104:⁄ 1059:1:22.5 1027:1:76.2 944:Gauge 1 936:G scale 920:⁄ 887:N scale 871:S scale 867:O scale 863:Gauge 1 859:G scale 851:T scale 847:Z-scale 792:, near 735:Germany 731:Hamburg 723:is the 671:Layouts 619:on the 582:canyons 488:Z scale 391:Suicide 376:Museums 307:History 285:History 263:Freight 65:History 3803:Gundam 3584:Scales 3529:Rocket 3507:Action 3502:Figure 3133:"Home" 3090:"TMRR" 2672:T-TRAK 2629:N-orma 2544:Wuiske 2515:Wiking 2492:Varney 2468:Tillig 2389:Rapido 2332:Modemo 2297:Mehano 2282:Mantua 2230:Lesney 2201:Lemaco 2181:K-Line 2113:Heljan 2059:Ferris 2054:Faller 2024:Doepke 1924:Arnold 1901:Airfix 1873:Moscow 1865:Sapsan 1664:etched 1516:wheels 1441:Airfix 1426:Guntur 1328:lichen 1011:1:101 1003:1:120 995:1:152 987:1:160 979:1:220 971:1:300 963:1:450 955:Ratio 952:Scale 885:, and 768:Calais 753:gauges 574:rivers 566:cranes 558:tracks 314:Maglev 176:Trains 3765:16 mm 3671:1:700 3666:1:500 3661:1:350 3656:1:285 3651:1:200 3646:1:144 3560:Brass 3524:Robot 3514:Horse 3011:(USA) 2689:down. 2635:NTRAK 2611:MOROP 2600:FREMO 2458:Tomix 2434:Seven 2419:Rokal 2354:(NMJ) 2225:] 2213:] 2206:Lemke 2155:Kadee 2150:Jouef 2118:Herpa 2038:Exley 2014:Dapol 2000:(BLI) 1976:] 1846:Malmö 1827:Malmö 1668:brass 1430:India 1367:resin 1351:paper 1304:flock 1051:1:32 1043:1:48 1035:1:64 1019:1:87 836:gauge 832:Scale 828:gauge 824:scale 578:hills 535:scale 523:hobby 319:Urban 3796:Cars 3755:Gn15 3641:1:72 3636:1:64 3631:1:50 3626:1:48 3621:1:43 3616:1:35 3611:1:32 3606:1:24 3596:1:18 3591:1:12 3534:Ship 3482:Cars 3076:2019 3005:(UK) 2623:NMRA 2481:Trix 2414:Roco 2368:Piko 2363:Peco 2347:Noch 2272:Marx 2257:Lima 2218:Lenz 1981:Bing 1969:BEMO 1905:Acme 1871:and 1848:1987 1841:1:8 1829:1987 1822:1:8 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Index

Model railroad
Train § Terminology
Rail transport

History
Company types
Management
Rail yard
Railway station
list
Railway track
Maintenance
Track gauge
Variable gauge
Gauge conversion
Dual gauge
rolling stock
Operating
Locomotives
Steam locomotives
Trains
Railroad cars
Railway couplings
Couplers by country
Coupler conversion
Dual coupling
Wheelset
Bogie (truck)
Passenger train
Commuter rail

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