411:
36:
478:
For
European freight, the TSIs mandate buffer and chain couplings at specified heights. The European system links to the former Soviet Russian-gauge network, where SA3 automatic couplers are used. Some research has been undertaken to choose an automatic freight coupler compatible with the Soviet one,
602:
starting in 1951. To allow interoperability with the older rolling stock equipped with
Norwegian couplers, early Janney couplers would have gap which allowed the use of Norwegian coupler adaptor called "Perdijk" device. The Norwegian couplers disappeared from mainline service in the early 1980s, and
452:
From time to time, a railway decides that it needs to upgrade its coupling system from one that is proving unsatisfactory, to another that meets future requirements. This can be done gradually, which can create many problems with transitional incompatibilities, or overnight, which requires much
505:
In
Germany all freight wagon have been built with a UIC automatic coupler option since 1976. This mounting option can be used to deploy the C-Akv coupler when a conversion is implemented. A further advantage in such a scenario is, that the C-Akv coupler can also function like the hook and air
549:
Railways in
Central and South America are fragmented by gauge, geography, and financial and technical heritage. While some systems have adopted the American Janney coupler, others retain the British buffer and hook (buffer and chain) coupler (see above).
475:-compatible couplings. The Type 10 includes "horns" to aid coupling on curves and include a function to provide standardised automatic air-brake connections; the coupling horn is often visible poking out at the front of the nose of high-speed trains.
541:, railroads in the United States had only a few years to implement the change. The railroads in North America, except for mass transit, form one unitary system, and uniformity of couplers is important for smooth interchange of rolling stock.
525:. The SA3 coupler was introduced in 1932, based on a British invention from 1916. Some wagons were equipped with SA-3 couplers in the 1930s (they could be coupled with chain coupling), but all cars received automatic couplers in 1957.
479:
but owing to widescale replacement cost, no action has been taken to implement the conversion, except for some trial installations. In many heavy-haul applications, such as for coal and iron ore, either US
745:
While the Middle East is mostly standard gauge, three different couplings appear to be in use (not counting
Scharfenberg couplings on EMU trains). These are buffer-and-chain, American, and Russian types.
466:
The
European network has traditionally been formed of many independent national railway networks with buffer and chain used near universally to allow the interchange of rolling stock. The European Union
598:
was the most common type of couplers used on the railways of the Dutch East Indies and later
Indonesia. Due to the drawbacks of Norwegian couplers, the Indonesian State Railways adopted the
677:(NSCR). The NSCR is so far the only PNR line that will use Shibata couplers, with the future South Long Haul project continuing to use Janney couplers for its rolling stock.
638:
were adopted as the standard, and were first adopted on the locally-assembled RMC class railcars of 1928. World War II-era and post-war locomotives such as the
685:
Australia, with its breaks of gauge, has always had different couplers on different systems, and has generally adopted gradual conversion. Conversion to the
639:
468:
856:
562:
to the
American Janney coupling over a period of a few days in the early 1920s, after considerable preparation. Today, most (if not all)
956:
499:
498:
but adds integrated air and electrical connections. This standard would need to be revised to allow for the unforeseen development of
393:
385:
439:
878:
389:
487:
couplers are used. Conversion is made harder to justify because the existing buffer and chain coupling is almost universal.
381:
922:
829:
674:
521:
used buffer and chain couplings, albeit with possibly wider centres for the buffers, until conversion to automatic
490:
Meanwhile, drawgear of new rolling stock is being built at a height suitable for conversion. The proposed
European
377:
603:
nowadays only used by heritage trains. The majority of coupling systems today consisted of Janney couplers, with
949:
229:
69:
322:
643:
634:
in 1885. After
American rolling stock became more common under the Manila Railroad during the late 1920s,
506:
connectors for a hook-and-chain coupler, ad long as the vehicle with the C-Akv coupler still has buffers.
979:
771:
631:
172:
1028:
758:(not necessarily of compatible types) appear to account for most couplings. The preferred and proposed
432:
224:
1000:
942:
759:
666:
662:
658:
559:
337:
332:
327:
189:
46:
604:
575:
352:
288:
84:
730:
357:
317:
239:
894:
649:
Starting in the 1990s, both Scharfenberg and Shibata couplers are being adopted on electrified
646:, which succeeded the Manila Railroad, also uses Janney couplers for all of its rolling stock.
630:
system first adopted the use of British buffers and chain couplers with the acquisition of the
612:
563:
347:
244:
113:
51:
845:
690:
425:
362:
1033:
608:
571:
534:
472:
367:
1048:
8:
726:
670:
342:
140:
96:
1038:
1011:
808:
The D52 class steam locomotive, equipped with Janney couplers, entered service in 1951.
722:
595:
583:
300:
1090:
1069:
874:
965:
755:
734:
415:
266:
167:
150:
926:
219:
214:
199:
1005:
717:
686:
635:
599:
538:
514:
480:
234:
108:
27:
1084:
1043:
1023:
919:
830:"Kleine Anfrage - Automatische Mittelpufferkupplung im Eisenbahngüterverkehr"
650:
491:
283:
209:
204:
182:
131:
91:
79:
35:
654:
518:
410:
372:
162:
1018:
522:
495:
484:
103:
1053:
579:
567:
278:
273:
145:
118:
627:
661:
in 1999. Meanwhile, the first use of the Shibata coupler was for the
74:
934:
873:(in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Jogja Bangkit Publisher. p. 103.
869:
Prayogo, Yoga Bagus; Prabowo, Yohanes Sapto; Radityo, Diaz (2017).
665:. In the future, Shibata couplers are also expected for use on the
537:
in 1893, mandating conversion from the link and pin coupler to the
399:
799:
Except Hokkaido, using Janney coupler from the early 20th century.
471:(TSIs) for high-speed passenger rolling stock mandate the use of
624:
295:
194:
157:
261:
721:
Trans-Australian line, and some railways, like the former
657:. The first use of the Scharfenberg coupler was for the
868:
509:
1082:
762:standard is the American Janney (AAR) coupling.
871:Kereta Api di Indonesia: Sejarah Lokomotif Uap
790:Honshū, 17 July 1925 and Kyūshū, 20 July 1925.
950:
469:Technical Specifications for Interoperability
433:
16:Change in standard for connecting rail wagons
835:(in German). German Government. 2011-01-20.
582:-hauled trains use the Janney coupling and
957:
943:
642:of 1944 only use Janney couplers. Today's
500:electronically controlled pneumatic brakes
440:
426:
895:"BB300, Si Lincah yang Dapat Diandalkan"
494:freight coupler is compatible with the
1083:
754:South of the Sahara, Janney (AAR) and
938:
693:started with Janney couplings on its
964:
558:Japan converted its British-derived
13:
14:
1102:
901:(in Indonesian). 12 November 2022
510:Soviet Union and successor states
544:
528:
409:
34:
913:
887:
862:
850:
839:
822:
802:
793:
784:
740:
618:
1:
815:
225:Passenger traffic terminology
680:
675:North–South Commuter Railway
644:Philippine National Railways
589:
576:Shibata type coupling system
456:
7:
985:Railway coupling conversion
980:Railway coupling by country
772:Railway coupling by country
765:
733:. Older couplers remain on
689:is now virtually complete.
632:Manila Railway Manila class
10:
1107:
560:buffer and chain couplings
1062:
993:
972:
846:Intermat/Willison coupler
749:
640:Manila Railroad 800 class
533:Once Congress passed the
483:-type couplers or Soviet
461:
338:List of high-speed trains
777:
553:
240:Railway nationalization
1010:Type F & H :
348:Longest train services
230:Named passenger trains
691:Commonwealth Railways
609:Scharfenberg couplers
566:including high-speed
363:Platform screen doors
1034:Scharfenberg coupler
1006:Janney / AAR coupler
535:Safety Appliance Act
473:Scharfenberg Type 10
416:Transport portal
368:Railway speed record
1029:Unicoupler/Intermat
727:Queensland Railways
671:Metro Manila Subway
343:List of train songs
220:High-speed railways
173:Couplers by country
22:Part of a series on
1039:Norwegian coupling
1012:Tightlock coupling
925:2009-03-18 at the
857:ru:Автосцепка СА-3
723:Victorian Railways
596:Norwegian coupling
584:Tightlock coupling
178:Coupler conversion
1078:
1077:
1001:Buffers and chain
880:978-602-0818-55-9
756:chopper couplings
735:Heritage railways
659:Manila MRT Line 3
570:trains, and some
450:
449:
168:Railway couplings
151:Steam locomotives
1098:
966:Railway coupling
959:
952:
945:
936:
935:
929:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
891:
885:
884:
866:
860:
854:
848:
843:
837:
836:
834:
826:
809:
806:
800:
797:
791:
788:
720:
714:
712:
711:
707:
704:
696:
442:
435:
428:
414:
413:
114:Gauge conversion
38:
19:
18:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1058:
989:
968:
963:
933:
932:
927:Wayback Machine
918:
914:
904:
902:
893:
892:
888:
881:
867:
863:
855:
851:
844:
840:
832:
828:
827:
823:
818:
813:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
785:
780:
768:
752:
743:
716:
709:
705:
702:
700:
699:4 ft
698:
694:
687:Janney coupling
683:
636:Janney couplers
621:
600:Janney couplers
592:
556:
547:
531:
512:
464:
459:
446:
408:
305:
254:Special systems
249:
215:Inter-city rail
200:Passenger train
125:
80:Railway station
57:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1003:
997:
995:
991:
990:
988:
987:
982:
976:
974:
970:
969:
962:
961:
954:
947:
939:
931:
930:
912:
899:roda-sayap.com
886:
879:
861:
849:
838:
820:
819:
817:
814:
811:
810:
801:
792:
782:
781:
779:
776:
775:
774:
767:
764:
751:
748:
742:
739:
718:standard gauge
682:
679:
620:
617:
591:
588:
555:
552:
546:
543:
539:Janney coupler
530:
527:
515:Russian Empire
511:
508:
463:
460:
458:
455:
448:
447:
445:
444:
437:
430:
422:
419:
418:
405:
404:
403:
402:
397:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
312:
311:
307:
306:
304:
303:
298:
293:
292:
291:
281:
276:
271:
270:
269:
256:
255:
251:
250:
248:
247:
242:
237:
235:Rail subsidies
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
186:
185:
180:
175:
165:
160:
155:
154:
153:
143:
135:
134:
127:
126:
124:
123:
122:
121:
116:
111:
109:Variable gauge
101:
100:
99:
89:
88:
87:
77:
72:
64:
63:
62:Infrastructure
59:
58:
55:
54:
49:
43:
40:
39:
31:
30:
28:Rail transport
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1103:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:Dual coupling
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:C-AKv coupler
1022:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
992:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
975:
971:
967:
960:
955:
953:
948:
946:
941:
940:
937:
928:
924:
921:
916:
900:
896:
890:
882:
876:
872:
865:
858:
853:
847:
842:
831:
825:
821:
805:
796:
787:
783:
773:
770:
769:
763:
761:
757:
747:
738:
736:
732:
731:dual couplers
728:
724:
719:
695:1,435 mm
692:
688:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:rapid transit
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:
616:
614:
610:
606:
601:
597:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
551:
545:Latin America
542:
540:
536:
529:United States
526:
524:
520:
516:
507:
503:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
476:
474:
470:
454:
443:
438:
436:
431:
429:
424:
423:
421:
420:
417:
412:
407:
406:
401:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
314:
313:
309:
308:
302:
299:
297:
294:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:Rapid transit
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
259:
258:
257:
253:
252:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
210:Regional rail
208:
206:
205:Commuter rail
203:
201:
198:
196:
195:Bogie (truck)
193:
191:
188:
184:
183:Dual coupling
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
164:
163:Railroad cars
161:
159:
156:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:rolling stock
129:
128:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:Railway track
90:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
66:
65:
61:
60:
53:
52:Company types
50:
48:
45:
44:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
21:
20:
984:
915:
903:. Retrieved
898:
889:
870:
864:
859:(in Russian)
852:
841:
824:
804:
795:
786:
753:
744:
684:
655:Metro Manila
648:
622:
593:
557:
548:
532:
523:SA3 couplers
519:Soviet Union
513:
504:
489:
477:
465:
451:
177:
130:Service and
1019:SA3 coupler
741:Middle East
619:Philippines
496:SA3 coupler
378:Terminology
323:Attractions
310:Miscellanea
146:Locomotives
104:Track gauge
97:Maintenance
1063:Categories
1054:Draft gear
816:References
673:, and the
667:MRT Line 7
663:LRT Line 2
580:locomotive
568:Shinkansen
517:and later
453:planning.
328:By country
279:Interurban
274:Light rail
119:Dual gauge
70:Management
681:Australia
653:lines in
590:Indonesia
457:By region
353:Modelling
333:Companies
318:Accidents
141:Operating
75:Rail yard
1091:Couplers
1085:Category
1070:Couplers
923:Archived
766:See also
725:and the
713: in
611:used on
586:system.
578:, while
574:use the
400:Vactrain
190:Wheelset
1049:Drawbar
994:Systems
973:General
729:, used
708:⁄
628:Tranvía
605:Shibata
373:Suicide
358:Museums
289:History
267:History
245:Freight
47:History
905:20 May
877:
750:Africa
669:, the
625:Manila
462:Europe
296:Maglev
158:Trains
920:Ghana
833:(PDF)
778:Notes
554:Japan
492:C-AKv
301:Urban
907:2024
875:ISBN
623:The
613:EMUs
607:and
594:The
572:DMUs
564:EMUs
485:SA-3
262:Tram
85:list
760:UAR
481:AAR
1087::
897:.
737:.
715:)
615:.
502:.
394:UK
392:,
390:NZ
388:,
386:NA
384:,
382:AU
958:e
951:t
944:v
909:.
883:.
710:2
706:1
703:+
701:8
697:(
441:e
434:t
427:v
396:)
380:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
