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not circumnavigate obstacles; they just stopped and waited when something blocked their path. Many examples of such vehicles are still sold, by
Transbotics, FMC, Egemin, HK Systems and many other companies. These types of robots are still widely popular in well known Robotic societies as a first step towards learning nooks and corners of robotics.
878:, manufacturer of a line of commercial robots that scrub, vacuum, and sweep floors in hospitals, office buildings and other commercial buildings. Floor care robots from Intellibot Robotics LLC operate completely autonomously, mapping their environment and using an array of sensors for navigation and obstacle avoidance.
75:) which means they are capable of navigating an uncontrolled environment without the need for physical or electro-mechanical guidance devices. Alternatively, mobile robots can rely on guidance devices that allow them to travel a pre-defined navigation route in relatively controlled space. By contrast,
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robot is totally under control of a driver with a joystick or other control device. The device may be plugged directly into the robot, may be a wireless joystick, or may be an accessory to a wireless computer or other controller. A tele-op'd robot is typically used to keep the operator out of harm's
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system becomes available as mobile robots continue the struggle to become commercially viable. The US Department of
Defense drops the MDARS-I project, but funds MDARS-E, an autonomous field robot. TALON-Sword, the first commercially available robot with grenade launcher and other integrated weapons
400:
More capable robots combine multiple levels of navigation under a system called sliding autonomy. Most autonomously guided robots, such as the HelpMate hospital robot, also offer a manual mode which allows the robot to be controlled by a person. The
Motivity autonomous robot operating system, which
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Some of the earliest automated guided vehicles (AGVs) were line following mobile robots. They might follow a visual line painted or embedded in the floor or ceiling or an electrical wire in the floor. Most of these robots operated a simple "keep the line in the center sensor" algorithm. They could
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with
Motivity begins carrying blood and other patient samples from nurses' stations to various labs. Seekur, the first widely available, non-military outdoor service robot, pulls a 3-ton vehicle across a parking lot, drives autonomously indoors and begins learning how to navigate itself outside.
94:
Mobile robots have become more commonplace in commercial and industrial settings. Hospitals have been using autonomous mobile robots to move materials for many years. Warehouses have installed mobile robotic systems to efficiently move materials from stocking shelves to order fulfillment zones.
865:
Nevena
Bozinovska, Gjorgi Jovancevski, and Stevo Bozinovski carried out Internet-based robot control in a distance learning robotics class. A mobile robot in United States, South Carolina State University, was controlled by students in Europe, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University.
102:
The components of a mobile robot are a controller, sensors, actuators and power system. The controller is generally a microprocessor, embedded microcontroller or a personal computer (PC). The sensors used are dependent upon the requirements of the robot. The requirements could be
1006:
is a new method to follow the path using RFID tags. It is proved that the robot always reaches the destination as close as the distance measurement error even if the distance and angular measurements are not exact. It is also capable of choosing right path among multiple paths.
727:
of UniBwM drive more than one thousand kilometers on a Paris three-lane highway in standard heavy traffic at speeds up to 130 km/h. They demonstrate autonomous driving in free lanes, convoy driving, and lane changes left and right with autonomous passing of other cars.
115:, triangulation ranging, collision avoidance, position location and other specific applications. Actuators usually refer to the motors that move the robot can be wheeled or legged. To power a mobile robot usually we use DC power supply (which is battery) instead of AC.
669:, father of the industrial robotic arm, works with colleagues to design the first commercially available autonomous mobile hospital robots, sold by Helpmate. The US Department of Defense funds the MDARS-I project, based on the Cybermotion indoor security robot.
765:
The
Pioneer programmable mobile robot becomes commercially available at an affordable price, enabling a widespread increase in robotics research and university study over the next decade as mobile robotics becomes a standard part of the university curriculum.
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robots proliferate in distribution operations; these automated shelving units sort themselves according to the popularity of their contents. The Tug becomes a popular means for hospitals to move large cabinets of stock from place to place, while the
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to its next waypoint or goal. It can gather sensor readings that are time- and location-stamped. Such robots are often part of the wireless enterprise network, interfaced with other sensing and control systems in the building. For instance, the
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and back, in traffic, at up to 120 mph, occasionally executing maneuvers to pass other cars (only in a few critical situations a safety driver took over). Active vision was used to deal with rapidly changing street scenes.
470:
because these robots liked to explore their environment. Elmer and Elsie were each equipped with a light sensor. If they found a light source they would move towards it, avoiding or moving obstacles on their way. These
374:
security robot responds to alarms, operates elevators and notifies the command center when an incident arises. Other autonomously guided robots include the SpeciMinder and the TUG delivery robots for the hospital.
1029:
During the NASA Sample Return Robot
Centennial Challenge, a rover, named Cataglyphis, successfully demonstrated autonomous navigation, decision-making, and sample detection, retrieval, and return capabilities.
315:
A guarded tele-op robot has the ability to sense and avoid obstacles but will otherwise navigate as driven, like a robot under manual tele-op. Few if any mobile robots offer only guarded tele-op.
95:
Mobile robots are also a major focus of current research and almost every major university has one or more labs that focus on mobile robot research. Mobile robots are also found in industrial,
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The interest of the public in robots rises, resulting in robots that could be purchased for home use. These robots served entertainment or educational purposes. Examples include the
347:
Robot developers use ready-made autonomous bases and software to design robot applications quickly. Shells shaped like people or cartoon characters may cover the base to disguise it.
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Semi-autonomous ALVINN steered a car coast-to-coast under computer control for all but about 50 of the 2850 miles. Throttle and brakes, however, were controlled by a human driver.
1764:
616:
Stevo
Bozinovski and Gjorgi Gruevski control a wheeled robot using speech commands. The project was supported by the Macedonian Association for Scientific Activities.
435:. They were mostly flying bombs. Examples are smart bombs that only detonate within a certain range of the target, the use of guiding systems and radar control. The
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is used in the ADAM, PatrolBot, SpeciMinder, MapperBot and a number of other robots, offers full sliding autonomy, from manual to guarded to autonomous modes.
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often use triangulation, relative position and/or Monte-Carlo/Markov localization to determine the location and orientation of the platform, from which it can
71:
Mobile robots have the capability to move around in their environment and are not fixed to one physical location. Mobile robots can be "autonomous" (AMR -
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Gopalakrishnan, B.; Tirunellayi, S.; Todkar, R. (2014). "Design and development of an autonomous mobile smart vehicle: a mechatronics application".
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develops the first fully autonomous vacuum cleaning robot that self-charged, operated elevators and vacuumed hallways with no human intervention.
962:
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An autonomously guided robot knows at least some information about where it is and how to reach various goals and or waypoints along the way. "
804:. Sojourner was equipped with a hazard avoidance system. This enabled Sojourner to autonomously find its way through unknown martian terrain.
1578:, In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Informatics and Information Technology, Bitola, Macedonia p.82-89, Dec. 12-15, 2002
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526:
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Stevo
Bozinovski and Mihail Sestakov control a mobile robot by parallel programming, using multitasking system of IBM Series/1 computer.
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1338:
1027:, which raises ethical questions regarding the use of drones and robots by police as instruments of lethal force against a perpetrator.
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1703:
1637:
704:
1441:"Signal Processing Robotics Using Signals Generated by a Human Head: From Pioneering Works to EEG-Based Emulation of Digital Circuits"
700:
1360:
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Project' 100 autonomous robots work together to make a map of an unknown environment and search for objects within the environment.
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demonstrated that complex behaviour could arise from a simple design. Elmer and Elsie only had the equivalent of two nerve cells.
1862:
956:
In the DARPA Urban Grand
Challenge, six vehicles autonomously complete a complex course involving manned vehicles and obstacles.
1488:, In G. Harris, C. Walker (eds.) Proc. Annual Conference of IEEE Medical and Biological Society, p. 1515-1516, New Orleans, 1988
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has teams of autonomous vehicles map a large dynamic urban environment, identify and track humans and avoid hostile objects.
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could be given very general commands, and that the robot would figure out the necessary steps to accomplish the given task.
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355:" or knowledge of its current location, is calculated by one or more means, using sensors such motor encoders, vision,
1233:
Robust Formation Coordination of Robot Swarms with Nonlinear Dynamics and Unknown Disturbances: Design and Experiments
2083:
692:, an autonomous small mobile robot intended for research activities. The project was supported by the LAMI-EPFL lab.
427:
the first mobile robots emerged as a result of technical advances on a number of relatively new research fields like
269:
251:
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487:'. Beast used a sonar to move around. When its batteries ran low it would find a power socket and plug itself in.
1994:
1248:, IEEE International Symposium on Robotic and Sensors Environments (ROSE), Montreal, Canada, 2011, pp. 113 - 118
1894:
1110:
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The Stanford Cart is now able to navigate its way through obstacle courses and make maps of its environment.
243:
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17:
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2016:
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Department of Production at Aalborg University in Denmark, Research in Mobile Robotics and Manipulation
1219:
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were developed by Carnegie Mellon University. Both were walking robots used to explore live volcanoes.
443:
rockets had a crude 'autopilot' and automatic detonation systems. They were the predecessors of modern
2879:
1989:
1816:
1145:
627:
demonstrates the first cross-country map and sensor-based autonomous operation of a robotic vehicle.
513:
At about the same time (1966–1972) the Stanford Research Institute is building and doing research on
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Stevo Bozinovski, Mihail Sestakov, and Liljana Bozinovska control a mobile robot using EEG signals.
2107:
2052:
1979:
1100:
232:
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and a radio link. Shakey was the first robot that could reason about its actions. This means that
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1974:
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The Stanford Cart line follower was a mobile robot that was able to follow a white line, using a
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Autonomous robots with random motion basically bounce off walls, whether those walls are sensed.
283:
236:
153:
135:
72:
65:
1504:, In O. Kaynak (ed.) Proc. IEEE Workshop on Intelligent Motion Control, p/ 63-67, Istanbul, 1990
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2195:
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1956:
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1719:"Dallas SWAT Used Robot Bomb to Kill Micah X. Johnson in 'First Lethal Use of Robot by Police'"
1429:, Proc IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, p. 202-208, Poznan, 1994
1180:
Group Coordinated Control of Networked Mobile Robots with Applications to Object Transportation
149:
Delivery & Transportation robots can move materials and supplies through a work environment
42:
1384:
343:
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robots are developed to work under extreme conditions on offshore oil and gas installations.
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8:
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is for the first time used by US police to kill a sniper who killed 5 police officers in
748:' robot cars (with robot-controlled throttle and brakes) drove more than 1000 miles from
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competition, fully autonomous vehicles compete against each other on a desert course.
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1286:"Press release: New Invention Utilizes Empty Railroad Tracks for Shipment of Freight"
819:, a robotic dog capable of seeing, walking and interacting with its environment. The
793:
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31:
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1447:. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 540. pp. 449–462.
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BioRobotics Laboratory, Research in Mobile Robotics and Human-Robot Interaction
1502:
Mobile robot trajectory control: From fixed rails to direct bioelectric control
1179:
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able to walk on icy terrain and recover its balance when kicked from the side.
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A Decentralized Cluster Formation Containment Framework for Multirobot Systems
30:"Mobot" redirects here. For the victory pose of distance runner Mo Farah, see
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builds the first robot cars, driving up to 55 mph on empty streets.
522:
432:
80:
1650:
839:, that can interact with each other and together perform complex tasks.
643:
Stevo Bozinovski and his team control a mobile robot using EOG signals.
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Meanwhile, PatrolBot learns to follow people and detect doors that are
886:
753:
543:
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Mowbot was the very first robot that would automatically mow the lawn.
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resemble insect colonies. Typically they consist of a large number of
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2692:
2391:
1235:" IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2021.
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intended to carry heavy loads across terrain too rough for vehicles.
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options, is released. Honda's Asimo learns to run and climb stairs.
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138:(UGVs). They are most commonly wheeled or tracked, but also include
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Parallel programming for mobile robot control: Agent based approach
167:
61:
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Path following of autonomous mobile robot using passive RFID tags
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60:. Mobile robotics is usually considered to be a subfield of
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978:
Boston Dynamics released video footage of a new generation
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1813:
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Hu, J.; Bhowmick, P.; Jang, I.; Arvin, F.; Lanzon, A., "
190:
1246:
Adaptive Manipulation of a Hybrid Mechanism Mobile Robot
1870:
992:
Multi Autonomous Ground-robotic International Challenge
823:
remote-controlled military mobile robot is introduced.
1017:
Multi-Function Agile Remote-Controlled Robot (MARCbot)
303:
ANATROLLER ARI-100 and ARI-50, Foster-Miller's Talon,
1809:
A tutorial about line tracking sensors and algorithms
1745:"NASA Awards $ 750K in Sample Return Robot Challenge"
517:, a robot named after its jerky motion. Shakey had a
79:
are usually more-or-less stationary, consisting of a
1182:" IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021.
338:
1797:Line Follower Robot Tutorial with Circuit Diagram
1475:Proceedings of IEEE Robotics and Automation, 1988
800:. The rover explores the surface, commanded from
2946:
1486:Using EEG alpha rhythm to control a mobile robot
1445:Advances in Robot Design and Intelligent Control
939:and HelpMate halts production, but a lower-cost
330:
1765:"Enhanced Safety Thanks to the ARGOS Challenge"
1574:N. Bozinovska, Gj. Jovancevski, S. Bozinovski,
134:Land or home robots are usually referred to as
715:With guests on board, the twin robot vehicles
299:way. Examples of manual remote robots include
2248:
1856:
1831:The website for enthusiast of mobile robotics
1912:List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications
1231:Hu, J.; Turgut, A.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "
2032:Remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV)
1496:
1494:
1484:S. Bozinovski, M. Sestakov, L. Bozinovska:
1385:The world's first truly automatic lawnmover
289:
250:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
91:), attached to a fixed surface. The joint.
2255:
2241:
1863:
1849:
1438:
307:PackBot, and KumoTek's MK-705 Roosterbot.
211:
359:, lasers and global positioning systems.
270:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:Aerial robots are usually referred to as
1491:
1193:"Information Engineering Main/Home Page"
342:
166:Polar robots, designed to navigate icy,
36:
507:to see. It was radio linked to a large
483:The Johns Hopkins University develops '
14:
2947:
1716:
1702:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1636:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1222:" IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2021.
2662:Simultaneous localization and mapping
2236:
1844:
1214:
1212:
321:
175:The device they use to move, mainly:
159:Underwater robots are usually called
127:The environment in which they travel:
1742:
248:adding citations to reliable sources
215:
146:, or resembling animals or insects).
123:Mobile robots may be classified by:
2022:Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)
1339:"MT400 Build-a-Bot Autonomous Base"
1225:
1178:Hu, J.; Bhowmick, P.; Lanzon, A., "
1172:
578:, which still exists today and the
383:
24:
1895:Unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV)
1564:Welcome to the Swarm-bots web site
1272:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2003.10.003
1209:
310:
25:
2966:
2017:Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV)
1790:
831:Start of the Swarm-bots project.
562:sends two unmanned spacecraft to
118:
2926:
2915:
2914:
2331:
220:
2927:
1990:Automatic train operation (ATO)
1757:
1736:
1710:
1674:
1663:
1644:
1602:
1581:
1568:
1557:
1532:
1507:
1478:
1469:
1432:
1419:
1389:
1378:
1363:. Ias.uwe.ac.uk. Archived from
1353:
466:, two autonomous robots called
379:Autonomously Mobile Robot (AMR)
339:Autonomously guided robot (AGR)
83:(multi-linked manipulator) and
2053:Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)
1980:Automated guided vehicle (AGV)
1717:Stacey, Olivia (8 July 2016).
1540:"Robotics Institute: Dante II"
1331:
1303:
1278:
1251:
1238:
1185:
1111:Mobile wireless sensor network
161:autonomous underwater vehicles
13:
1:
1975:Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV)
1890:Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
1589:"Centibots Project Home Page"
1515:"Robotics Institute: Dante I"
1166:
1066:Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
331:Autonomously randomized robot
317:(See Sliding Autonomy below.)
2262:
1576:Internet-based robot control
1542:. Ri.cmu.edu. Archived from
1517:. Ri.cmu.edu. Archived from
1453:10.1007/978-3-319-49058-8_49
625:Hughes Research Laboratories
598:Bundeswehr University Munich
538:explores the surface of the
7:
2672:Vision-guided robot systems
1049:
511:that made the calculations.
10:
2971:
2892:Technological unemployment
1743:Hall, Loura (2016-09-08).
1439:Bozinovski, Stevo (2017).
1244:P. Moubarak, P. Ben-Tzvi,
897:is commercially available.
404:
393:
387:
29:
2910:
2880:Workplace robotics safety
2862:
2756:
2680:
2643:
2598:
2496:
2340:
2329:
2270:
2209:
2118:
2061:
2045:
2009:
1967:
1932:
1925:
1882:
1146:Rover (space exploration)
874:Axxon Robotics purchases
744:In the same year, one of
2027:Intervention AUV (I-AUV)
1591:. Ai.sri.com. 2004-10-04
1101:Mobile industrial robots
943:customizable autonomous
837:individual simple robots
290:Manual remote or tele-op
282:There are many types of
154:unmanned aerial vehicles
136:unmanned ground vehicles
2728:Human–robot interaction
2096:spaceflights to the ISS
1657:April 16, 2008, at the
1156:Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
857:that cleans the floor.
855:autonomous mobile robot
284:mobile robot navigation
212:Mobile robot navigation
142:with two or more legs (
99:and security settings.
73:autonomous mobile robot
66:information engineering
32:Mo Farah § "Mobot"
2196:Remote control vehicle
2191:Radio-controlled model
1692:on September 28, 2007.
893:toy robot designed by
348:
45:
43:robotic vacuum cleaner
2834:Starship Technologies
2201:Remote control animal
1349:on February 23, 2010.
907:DARPA Grand Challenge
346:
40:
2784:Energid Technologies
2186:Autonomous logistics
1626:on December 6, 2006.
1311:"Linear track (PDF)"
244:improve this section
2875:Powered exoskeleton
2069:Uncrewed spacecraft
1197:www.robots.ox.ac.uk
774:Cyberclean Systems
468:Machina Speculatrix
363:Positioning systems
170:filled environments
56:that is capable of
2844:Universal Robotics
2819:Intuitive Surgical
2809:Harvest Automation
2774:Barrett Technology
2556:Robotic spacecraft
2402:Audio-Animatronics
1836:Mobile Robot MURVV
1819:2012-05-14 at the
1802:2017-12-20 at the
1775:on 16 January 2018
1407:on 26 January 2013
1106:Mobile manipulator
1071:DARPA LAGR Program
667:Joseph Engelberger
349:
322:Line-following car
46:
2942:
2941:
2885:Robotic tech vest
2814:Honeybee Robotics
2630:Electric unicycle
2583:remotely-operated
2230:
2229:
2222:Unmanned vehicles
2037:Underwater glider
2005:
2004:
1876:uncrewed vehicles
1617:foster-miller.com
1462:978-3-319-49057-1
1047:
1046:
686:Francesco Mondada
546:, a lunar rover.
301:Robotics Design's
280:
279:
272:
189:) or animal-like
113:proximity sensing
77:industrial robots
54:automatic machine
16:(Redirected from
2962:
2930:
2929:
2918:
2917:
2902:Fictional robots
2870:Critique of work
2519:Unmanned vehicle
2335:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2181:Autonomous robot
2176:Robot locomotion
2091:Cargo spacecraft
2084:list of orbiters
1985:Self-driving car
1930:
1929:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1785:
1784:
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1780:
1771:. Archived from
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1752:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1688:. Archived from
1686:mobilerobots.com
1678:
1672:
1667:
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1648:
1642:
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1635:
1627:
1625:
1619:. Archived from
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1482:
1476:
1473:
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1430:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1403:. Archived from
1393:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1345:. Archived from
1343:mobilerobots.com
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1313:. Archived from
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1288:. Archived from
1282:
1276:
1275:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1151:Ubiquitous robot
1141:Robot kinematics
1091:Industrial robot
1061:Autonomous robot
536:The Soviet Union
515:Shakey the Robot
429:computer science
409:
408:
396:Autonomous robot
384:Sliding autonomy
275:
268:
264:
261:
255:
224:
216:
21:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2906:
2858:
2779:Boston Dynamics
2764:Amazon Robotics
2752:
2676:
2667:Visual odometry
2657:Motion planning
2639:
2594:
2514:Continuum robot
2497:Classifications
2492:
2355:Anthropomorphic
2336:
2327:
2323:AI competitions
2266:
2261:
2231:
2226:
2205:
2114:
2103:Space telescope
2079:list by program
2057:
2041:
2001:
1963:
1921:
1878:
1869:
1821:Wayback Machine
1804:Wayback Machine
1793:
1788:
1778:
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1758:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1727:
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1715:
1711:
1695:
1694:
1682:"Archived copy"
1680:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1659:Wayback Machine
1649:
1645:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1612:
1610:"Archived copy"
1608:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1592:
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1569:
1562:
1558:
1549:
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1538:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1500:S. Bozinovski:
1499:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1437:
1433:
1425:S. Bozinovski,
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1210:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1136:Robotic mapping
1052:
1041:ARGOS Challenge
922:quadruped robot
918:Boston Dynamics
904:
898:
792:with its rover
790:Mars Pathfinder
746:Ernst Dickmanns
725:Ernst Dickmanns
594:Ernst Dickmanns
583:
534:
512:
445:cruise missiles
407:
398:
392:
390:Robotic mapping
386:
341:
333:
324:
313:
311:Guarded tele-op
292:
276:
265:
259:
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241:
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214:
183:human-like legs
121:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2940:
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2899:
2897:Terrainability
2894:
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2509:Cloud robotics
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2076:
2074:list of probes
2065:
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2047:
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2019:
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1791:External links
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1076:Domestic robot
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719:and VITA-2 of
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682:André Guignard
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456:W. Grey Walter
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388:Main article:
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119:Classification
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105:dead reckoning
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2723:Developmental
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2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2488:Soft robotics
2486:
2484:
2483:BEAM robotics
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
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2439:
2438:Entertainment
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2271:Main articles
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2218:
2217:Radio control
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2156:BEAM robotics
2154:
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2142:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1993:
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1991:
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1981:
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1900:
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1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:Mobile robots
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1861:
1859:
1854:
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1847:
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1774:
1770:
1769:Total Website
1766:
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1590:
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1565:
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1546:on 2008-05-15
1545:
1541:
1535:
1521:on 2007-03-09
1520:
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1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:"Les Earnest"
1392:
1386:
1381:
1367:on 2008-10-09
1366:
1362:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1320:on 2011-07-15
1316:
1312:
1306:
1292:on 2011-07-15
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1089:
1087:
1086:Hexapod robot
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1082:
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977:
974:
973:
969:
964:
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946:
945:service robot
942:
938:
935:stops making
934:
931:
928:
927:
923:
919:
916:
913:
912:
908:
905:In the first
902:
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683:
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676:
673:
672:
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662:
661:
657:
656:BEAM robotics
653:
650:
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646:
642:
639:
638:
634:
631:
630:
626:
623:
620:
619:
615:
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611:
607:
604:
603:
599:
595:
592:The team of
591:
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419:
418:
415:Developments
414:
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381:
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260:December 2020
253:
249:
245:
239:
238:
234:
229:This section
227:
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201:
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188:
184:
180:
177:
176:
174:
169:
165:
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158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
140:legged robots
137:
133:
132:
131:
130:
126:
125:
124:
116:
114:
110:
106:
100:
98:
92:
90:
87:assembly (or
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
44:
39:
33:
27:Type of robot
19:
18:Mobile robots
2931:
2919:
2688:Evolutionary
2635:Robotic fins
2588:Robotic fish
2573:Telerobotics
2546:Nanorobotics
2536:Mobile robot
2535:
2473:Food service
2468:Agricultural
2318:Competitions
2303:Hall of Fame
2166:Nanorobotics
2151:Agricultural
1871:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1768:
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1748:. Retrieved
1738:
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1690:the original
1685:
1676:
1670:Speci-Minder
1665:
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1405:the original
1401:stanford.edu
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1365:the original
1361:"ias-people"
1355:
1347:the original
1342:
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1315:the original
1305:
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1290:the original
1280:
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1260:Mechatronics
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1200:. Retrieved
1196:
1187:
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1028:
963:Speci-Minder
958:Kiva Systems
721:Daimler-Benz
527:bump sensors
425:World War II
399:
378:
377:
361:
353:Localization
350:
334:
325:
316:
314:
296:teleoperated
293:
281:
266:
257:
242:Please help
230:
179:Legged robot
122:
101:
93:
89:end effector
70:
50:mobile robot
49:
47:
2708:Open-source
2561:Space probe
2551:Necrobotics
2541:Microbotics
2504:Biorobotics
2433:Educational
2416:Articulated
2397:Animatronic
2382:Claytronics
2161:Microbotics
1917:Ornithopter
1131:Robotic arm
1039:Within the
895:Mark Tilden
850:appears, a
815:introduces
678:Edo. Franzi
652:Mark Tilden
589:Early 1980s
523:rangefinder
433:cybernetics
367:plan a path
294:A manually
81:jointed arm
2748:Ubiquitous
2738:Perceptual
2645:Navigation
2600:Locomotion
2578:Underwater
2463:Disability
2411:Industrial
2213:Categories
2146:Disability
2010:Underwater
1750:2016-09-21
1595:2012-08-15
1550:2012-08-15
1525:2012-08-15
1371:2012-08-15
1324:2007-04-09
1296:2007-04-09
1202:2018-10-03
1167:References
920:creates a
891:biomorphic
887:Robosapien
876:Intellibot
833:Swarm bots
788:sends the
754:Copenhagen
688:developed
544:Lunokhod 1
394:See also:
357:Stereopsis
185:(i.e., an
58:locomotion
2799:Figure AI
2757:Companies
2733:Paradigms
2718:Adaptable
2698:Simulator
2392:Automaton
2387:Companion
2298:Geography
1723:heavy.com
1126:Robot kit
1056:Ant robot
941:PatrolBot
901:Centibots
794:Sojourner
782:1996–1997
697:1993–1994
509:mainframe
480:1961–1963
452:1948–1949
420:1939–1945
372:PatrolBot
231:does not
2949:Category
2921:Category
2839:Symbotic
2789:FarmWise
2743:Situated
2713:Software
2681:Research
2625:Climbing
2448:Military
2443:Juggling
2428:Domestic
2360:Humanoid
2283:Glossary
2264:Robotics
2171:Robotics
2131:Military
2126:Domestic
1942:Humanoid
1817:Archived
1800:Archived
1728:13 April
1698:cite web
1655:Archived
1632:cite web
1411:13 April
1050:See also
899:In 'The
852:domestic
705:Dante II
654:invents
305:iRobot's
168:crevasse
144:humanoid
97:military
62:robotics
2933:Outline
2863:Related
2854:Yaskawa
2769:Anybots
2649:mapping
2618:Hexapod
2613:Walking
2458:Service
2453:Medical
2365:Android
2350:Aerobot
2293:History
2278:Outline
2141:Medical
2046:Surface
1952:Hexapod
1947:Android
1934:Walking
1907:Helicam
1902:Aerobot
1651:Welcome
821:PackBot
701:Dante I
690:Khepera
582:series.
554:In its
458:builds
423:During
405:History
252:removed
237:sources
197:Wheeled
187:android
109:tactile
85:gripper
2955:Robots
2824:IRobot
2608:Tracks
2529:ground
2524:aerial
2478:Retail
2375:Gynoid
2370:Cyborg
2308:Ethics
2136:Rescue
1926:Ground
1883:Aerial
1779:13 May
1459:
1021:Dallas
980:BigDog
848:Roomba
750:Munich
531:Shakey
519:camera
505:camera
473:robots
203:Tracks
199:robot.
163:(AUVs)
156:(UAVs)
52:is an
2794:FANUC
2703:Suite
2568:Swarm
2342:Types
2288:Index
2119:Other
2062:Space
1968:Other
1624:(PDF)
1613:(PDF)
1318:(PDF)
1161:Wi-Fi
1121:Robot
1025:Texas
802:earth
684:and
663:1990s
542:with
485:Beast
464:Elsie
460:Elmer
2829:KUKA
2693:Kits
2647:and
2313:Laws
2108:list
1995:list
1957:list
1874:and
1781:2017
1730:2018
1704:link
1638:link
1457:ISBN
1413:2018
1036:2017
1015:The
1012:2016
1002:The
999:2016
990:The
987:2010
975:2008
968:ajar
953:2007
937:Aibo
933:Sony
929:2006
914:2005
889:, a
883:2004
871:2003
862:2002
844:2002
828:2001
817:Aibo
813:Sony
809:1999
798:Mars
786:NASA
771:1996
762:1995
741:1995
733:1995
723:and
717:VaMP
712:1994
703:and
674:1991
648:1989
640:1989
632:1988
621:1987
613:1986
605:1983
580:HERO
576:RB5X
571:1980
564:Mars
560:NASA
558:the
551:1976
540:Moon
521:, a
500:1970
492:1969
462:and
439:and
431:and
412:Date
235:any
233:cite
191:legs
111:and
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1449:doi
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