409:), Tokoro called for a leaderless, radically anti-hierarchical, radically egalitarian organization that would ebb and flow according to the needs and desires of its members. Rather than all members being forced to follow the bidding of the central organization, the organization would follow the bidding of its individual members. Tokoro also stressed the importance of debate. She felt that "Old Left" parties and organizations, by their very nature, were designed to stifle debate in the service of producing collective action. Tokoro instead called for "endless debate" (永遠討論,
25:
413:). Action would only be pursued once debate had been exhausted and consensus achieved. Even then, dissidents' opinions would be respected; they would not be required to participate and would be welcome to participate only in the part of the action they supported, without fear of expulsion from the group.
437:
Her fellow students and New Left activists gathered to pay their final respects in a solemn ceremony on
January 29, laying the red flag of the Tokyo University Anti-Vietnam War Committee over her coffin. On that very same day, Tokyo University medical students were voting to organize the nascent
429:
movement was getting under way, her ideas were directly put into practice by the founders of the Tokyo
University Zenkyōtō that was established in January 1968, and in turn became the model for similarly structured and organized Zenkyōtō at universities all around the nation during the
393:
and other Tokyo
University New Left activists. From her readings and her own personal experiences, Tokoro concluded that the failure of the 1960 Anpo protests lay in the overly hierarchical, repressive, and bureaucratic nature of the
467:
movement, would later declare, "The Zenkyōtō movement began on the day of
Mitsuko Tokoro's funeral. The Zenkyōtō movement inherited her approach to life, and it was in the movement that it blossomed."
1008:
808:
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was killed. Although greatly disappointed at the failure of those protests to stop the
Security Treaty, Tokoro continued her activism as a graduate student in biology, first at
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471:
361:
Following the failure of the Anpo protests, Tokoro steeped herself in the writings of
Japanese political theorists, activists, and feminists such as
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345:. In addition to Japanese language publications in science journals, in 1966, she was the lead author of an English-language article in the
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818:
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35:
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998:
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389:. After the Vietnam War started, she joined the Tokyo University Anti-Vietnam War Committee, where she became friends with
273:
65:
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and what she called "the democracy of aggregation" did not allow space for individuals' needs, viewpoints, and desires.
72:
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According to historian Guy Yasko, "Had she lived, Tokoro would certainly have entered the spotlight with
Yamamoto,
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79:
798:
50:
61:
333:
In the meantime, Tokoro continued to work toward a doctoral degree in
Biology, and was an expert on the
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activist remembered as one of the leading theorists of the apolitical and radically anti-hierarchical
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and other "Old Left" organizations. In particular, Tokoro argued that the JCP's commitment to
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Following her death, Tokoro's essays were published in a posthumous collection titled
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453:), which became a bible of sorts to the Zenkyōtō and other New Left activist groups.
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879:
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movement that would incorporate many of her ideas and philosophical viewpoints.
1004:
Japan
Revolutionary Communist League, National Committee (Central Core Faction)
511:
Satoru Saishū was another well-known Zenkyōtō activist and theorist during the
370:
316:
and then again at
Ochanomizu University, participating in protests against the
320:
in 1965, protests against the docking of the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier
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Japan Revolutionary Communist League (Revolutionary Marxist Faction)
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The title of Tokoro's essay collection would later be referenced by
405:
In her prophetic 1966 essay "The Coming Organization" (予感される組織に寄せて,
349:
entitled "Physiological and Biochemical Studies on the Longevity of
24:
1057:
962:
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809:
Bombing of the Fusetsu no Gunzo and Institute of Northern Cultures
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1052:
712:
The Japanese Student Movement, 1968-1970: The Zenkyoto Uprising
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564:"Physiological and Biochemical Studies on the Longevity of
342:
1101:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
337:
used in Japan in fermentation processes to make alcohol,
304:, and had been present with student activists inside the
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Conidia Stored under Various Environmental Conditions."
689:
687:
568:
Conidia Stored under Various Environmental Conditions"
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in Japanese ports, and student protests against the
684:
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628:
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421:Although Tokoro died on January 27, 1968, from an
1215:
963:Beheiren (Citizen's League for Peace in Vietnam)
930:Japan Socialist Youth League, Liberation Faction
248:
498:in the name of her similarly-titled manifesto
242:
734:
51:introducing citations to additional sources
572:Journal of General and Applied Microbiology
347:Journal of General and Applied Microbiology
279:
741:
727:
255:, January 3, 1939 – January 27, 1968)
714:(Ph.D. dissertation). Cornell University.
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819:1974 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries bombing
292:in 1939. As an undergraduate student at
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
16:Japanese biologist and New Left activist
824:1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague
211:Biologist, activist, political theorist
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774:1968–1969 Japanese university protests
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377:, as well as western thinkers such as
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318:Japan-South Korea Normalization Treaty
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722:
709:
693:
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666:
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637:
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999:Japan Revolutionary Communist League
513:1968-69 Japanese university protests
463:leader of the putatively leaderless
432:1968-69 Japanese university protests
18:
416:
13:
1224:20th-century Japanese philosophers
296:, Tokoro participated the massive
274:1968-69 Japanese student uprisings
14:
1265:
925:East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front
829:1975 AIA building hostage crisis
34:relies largely or entirely on a
23:
505:
484:
264:, was a Japanese biologist and
1254:People from Fujisawa, Kanagawa
799:Bombing of the Soji-ji Ossuary
703:
555:
407:Yokan sareru soshiki ni yosete
276:at universities across Japan.
272:movement that carried out the
1:
522:
1239:Ochanomizu University alumni
527:
7:
459:, widely recognized as the
284:Tokoro Mitsuko was born in
249:
10:
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1163:Children of the Revolution
1073:Women's liberation (Japan)
302:U.S.-Japan Security Treaty
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1120:
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1021:
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834:Japan Airlines Flight 472
814:Japan Airlines Flight 404
789:Japan Airlines Flight 351
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308:compound on June 15 when
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994:Communist League (Japan)
562:Tokoro, Mitsuko (1966).
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280:Early life and education
124:
1114:Representation in media
784:Folk guerrilla concerts
300:against renewal of the
1131:Night and Fog in Japan
1038:Ainu Revolution Theory
500:My Love, My Revolution
1139:Ecstasy of the Angels
447:My Love and Rebellion
400:democratic centralism
396:Japan Communist Party
294:Ochanomizu University
230:My Love and Rebellion
202:Ochanomizu University
804:Lod Airport massacre
794:Asama-Sansō incident
257:, also known by her
47:improve this article
1096:Anti-Stalinist left
710:Yasko, Guy (1997).
585:10.2323/jgam.12.127
451:Waga ai to hangyaku
357:Theorizing Zenkyōtō
149:Kanagawa prefecture
1191:Hear the Wind Sing
769:Sanrizuka Struggle
566:Aspergillus Oryzae
457:Yoshitaka Yamamoto
423:autoimmune disease
391:Yoshitaka Yamamoto
383:Simone de Beauvoir
351:Aspergillus Oryzae
298:1960 Anpo protests
1249:New Left in Japan
1244:Japanese Marxists
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1109:
1108:
1017:
1016:
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940:Japanese Red Army
900:Takaaki Yoshimoto
750:New Left in Japan
601:, pp. 20–21.
492:Japanese Red Army
474:, and the rest."
363:Takaaki Yoshimoto
323:U.S.S. Enterprise
235:
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216:Years active
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111:
97:
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1091:Anti-Americanism
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1048:Anti-Japaneseism
1043:Anti-imperialism
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1026:
1025:
987:
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956:
935:Red Army Faction
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880:Fusako Shigenobu
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626:
625:, p. 24-26.
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559:
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496:Fusako Shigenobu
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417:Death and legacy
379:Jean-Paul Sartre
330:, among others.
314:Osaka University
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190:Other names
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163:January 27, 1968
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62:"Mitsuko Tokoro"
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917:Insurrectionary
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855:Kan'ichi Kuroda
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238:Mitsuko Tokoro
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198:Alma mater
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141:January 3, 1939
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1063:Self-criticism
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955:Multi-tendency
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895:Mitsuko Tokoro
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578:(2): 127–145.
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425:, just as the
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375:Itsue Takamure
371:Kazue Morisaki
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251:Tokoro Mitsuko
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167:(aged 29)
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118:Mitsuko Tokoro
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45:. Please help
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1083:International
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885:Takaya Shiomi
883:
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873:
871:
868:
866:
865:Hiroko Nagata
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
850:Michiko Kanba
848:
847:
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841:
835:
832:
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812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
779:
778:Shinjuku riot
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
764:Anpo protests
762:
761:
759:
755:
751:
744:
739:
737:
732:
730:
725:
724:
721:
713:
708:
707:
696:, p. 19.
695:
690:
688:
681:, p. 27.
680:
675:
669:, p. 29.
668:
663:
657:, p. 28.
656:
651:
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640:, p. 26.
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586:
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552:, p. 18.
551:
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508:
501:
497:
493:
487:
483:
475:
473:
472:Saishū Satoru
468:
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310:Michiko Kanba
307:
306:National Diet
303:
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208:Occupation(s)
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64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
44:
38:
37:
36:single source
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
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894:
890:Mitsu Tanaka
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367:Gan Tanigawa
360:
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262:Mimie Tomano
261:
250:
237:
236:
229:
225:Notable work
193:Mimie Tomano
165:(1968-01-27)
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
33:
1234:1968 deaths
1229:1939 births
1030:Ideological
971:(post–1958)
860:Tsuneo Mori
843:Key figures
704:Works cited
387:Simone Weil
328:Vietnam War
182:Nationality
1218:Categories
1175:Literature
1068:Trotskyism
1022:Influences
986:Trotskyist
968:Zengakuren
870:Makoto Oda
694:Yasko 1997
679:Yasko 1997
667:Yasko 1997
655:Yasko 1997
638:Yasko 1997
623:Yasko 1997
611:Yasko 1997
599:Yasko 1997
550:Yasko 1997
523:References
411:eien tōron
137:1939-01-03
73:newspapers
528:Citations
449:(我が愛と反逆,
339:soy sauce
335:kōji mold
219:1960-1968
103:July 2021
43:talk page
1058:Pacifism
976:Zenkyōtō
494:founder
465:Zenkyōtō
461:de facto
440:Zenkyōtō
427:Zenkyōtō
290:Kanagawa
286:Fujisawa
270:Zenkyōtō
266:New Left
259:pen name
185:Japanese
145:Fujisawa
875:Ryū Ōta
87:scholar
1166:(2010)
1158:(2007)
1150:(2004)
1142:(1972)
1134:(1960)
1053:Maoism
909:Groups
757:Events
385:, and
373:, and
341:, and
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
478:Notes
244:所 美都子
175:Japan
171:Tokyo
153:Japan
125:所 美都子
94:JSTOR
80:books
1122:Film
343:miso
160:Died
131:Born
66:news
580:doi
49:by
1220::
1184:69
1147:69
686:^
645:^
630:^
576:12
574:.
570:.
536:^
434:.
381:,
369:.
365:,
288:,
247:,
173:,
151:,
147:,
780:)
776:(
742:e
735:t
728:v
588:.
582::
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502:.
241:(
139:)
135:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
53:.
39:.
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