110:
282:
of the southeast, and in that region, Miskito seems to be losing ground. Sumo is endangered in most areas where it is found, although some evidence suggests that it was dominant in the region before the ascendancy of
Miskito. The Matagalpan languages are long since extinct, and not very well
277:
from the late 17th century on, as a result of the people's alliance with the
British Empire, which colonized the area. In northeastern Nicaragua, it continues to be adopted by former speakers of Sumo. Its sociolinguistic status is lower than that of the English-based
161:
in 1920. While all the languages of the
Matagalpan branch are now extinct, the Miskito and Sumu languages are alive and well: Miskito has almost 200,000 speakers and serves as a second language for speakers of other indigenous languages in the
2104:
Constenla Umaña A. (1998). "Acerca de la relación genealógica de las lenguas lencas y las lenguas misumalpas," Communication presented at the First
Archeological Congress of Nicaragua (Managua, 20–21 July), to appear in 2002 in
2072:
Benedicto, Elena (2002), "Verbal
Classifier Systems: The Exceptional Case of Mayangna Auxiliaries." In "Proceedings of WSCLA 7th". UBC Working Papers in Linguistics 10, pp. 1–14. Vancouver, British
2126:
Hale, Ken and Danilo
Salamanca (2001) "Theoretical and Universal Implications of Certain Verbal Entries in Dictionaries of the Misumalpan Languages", in Frawley, Hill & Munro eds.
2146:
Phil Young and T. Givón. "The puzzle of Ngäbére auxiliaries: Grammatical reconstruction in
Chibchan and Misumalpan", in William Croft, Suzanne Kemmer and Keith Denning, eds.,
5453:
2164:
4479:
4470:
5504:
2191:
2185:
5463:
2225:
2180:
459:
5359:
4335:
499:
495:
2076:
Benedicto, Elena & Kenneth Hale, (2000) "Mayangna, A Sumu
Language: Its Variants and Its Status within Misumalpa", in E. Benedicto, ed.,
566:
535:
521:
503:
427:
562:
2437:
5458:
339:
195:
4463:
4483:
3850:
3431:
3960:
5332:
2218:
2932:
5509:
5412:
4456:
4117:
2197:
5468:
4093:
3332:
2175:
5489:
4862:
4831:
3251:
3187:
2430:
3864:
3106:
2211:
3615:
5494:
4448:
4330:
3977:
3112:
2937:
2723:
2717:
2641:
2192:
Theoretical and
Universal Implications of Certain Verbal Entries in Dictionaries of the Misumalpan Languages
4340:
4325:
4024:
3325:
3312:
3083:
3044:
158:
5180:
4320:
4314:
4099:
3372:
3290:
3263:
2967:
2957:
517:
5499:
5417:
4798:
3886:
3547:
3344:
3142:
3002:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2658:
2423:
2404:
2170:
17:
4298:
4105:
4081:
4056:
4029:
4012:
3022:
2977:
2947:
2920:
2491:
2446:
628:
182:
considered a possible connection between
Chibchan and Misumalpan to be "too distant to establish".
5427:
5278:
5260:
4923:
4506:
4345:
4152:
3789:
3777:
3609:
2671:
2664:
2480:
2373:
2295:
2282:
2143:
Ruth Rouvier, "Infixation and reduplication in Misumalpan: A reconstruction" (B.A., Berkeley, 2002)
326:- language spoken on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua and Honduras, Central America. Dialects are:
175:
60:
395:
259:
3350:
3275:
2678:
2628:
5254:
5212:
5021:
4987:
4705:
4364:
4212:
4007:
3783:
3736:
3366:
3283:
2942:
2926:
2734:
2635:
2498:
2474:
2289:
2234:
2148:
Studies in Typology and Diachrony: Papers presented to Joseph H. Greenberg on his 75th birthday
4002:
2055:
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (1987). "Elementos de FonologĂa Comparada de las Lenguas Misumalpas,"
5422:
5368:
5287:
5265:
4906:
4788:
4410:
4308:
3997:
3800:
3590:
3579:
3541:
3148:
3122:
3027:
3017:
2700:
2616:
2467:
2388:
2368:
2308:
2097:
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (1987) "Elementos de FonologĂa Comparada de las Lenguas Misumalpas,"
2034:
307:
5320:
5313:
4111:
3836:
2346:
2340:
241:
5095:
4661:
4627:
4385:
4142:
3950:
3923:
3906:
3874:
3486:
3411:
3338:
3117:
3094:
3066:
2997:
2908:
2689:
4270:
8:
5432:
5271:
5229:
5169:
5148:
4942:
4878:
4821:
4769:
4754:
4727:
4695:
4511:
4162:
4066:
3966:
3955:
3917:
3896:
3794:
3753:
3528:
3510:
3504:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3378:
3361:
3100:
2766:
2753:
2647:
2597:
2454:
2383:
2301:
2259:
1163:
371:
5343:
5299:
5223:
5123:
5109:
5039:
4929:
4745:
4689:
4682:
4593:
4577:
4076:
4071:
4061:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4018:
3987:
3982:
3935:
3929:
3880:
3825:
3748:
3632:
3596:
3557:
3499:
3306:
3301:
3012:
2771:
2740:
2706:
2694:
2653:
2528:
2378:
2330:
2253:
2039:
251:
237:
154:
4566:
4173:
4136:
100:
5407:
5349:
5102:
5085:
5060:
5046:
4901:
4764:
4759:
4721:
4604:
4087:
3992:
3972:
3911:
3891:
3602:
3563:
3534:
3522:
3459:
3405:
3383:
3356:
3296:
3269:
3088:
3049:
3039:
3007:
2880:
2806:
2788:
2782:
2684:
2602:
2516:
1266:
838:
291:
134:
4178:
4167:
4147:
2485:
5437:
5382:
5375:
5293:
5234:
5162:
5155:
5074:
5032:
4997:
4955:
4936:
4911:
4872:
4851:
4845:
4808:
4715:
4613:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4524:
4395:
4255:
4245:
4240:
4194:
4188:
4157:
4050:
3945:
3869:
3807:
3759:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3655:
3639:
3574:
3569:
3552:
3493:
3387:
3319:
3230:
3197:
3165:
3061:
3033:
2982:
2903:
2887:
2873:
2855:
2848:
2834:
2794:
2776:
2760:
2746:
2568:
2551:
2314:
2264:
2203:
191:
146:
142:
81:
4235:
4183:
3175:
2119:
Hale, Ken (1991) "Misumalpan Verb Sequencing Constructions," in C. Lefebvre, ed.,
114:
Historical (dotted) and current (colored) distribution of the Misumalpan languages
5240:
5197:
5190:
5067:
5053:
5003:
4917:
4892:
4815:
4781:
4775:
4672:
4638:
4538:
4500:
4390:
4265:
4250:
4219:
3940:
3901:
3766:
3712:
3584:
3446:
3212:
3207:
3072:
2987:
2868:
2861:
2841:
2823:
2728:
2711:
2510:
2363:
2270:
2087:
279:
179:
55:
5306:
5138:
5116:
4969:
4948:
4840:
4734:
4654:
4647:
4586:
4531:
4400:
4260:
4229:
4200:
3831:
3717:
3700:
3650:
3645:
3516:
3453:
3223:
3217:
3137:
3132:
3078:
3055:
2800:
2622:
2579:
2562:
2556:
2534:
2522:
2335:
1806:
298:
versions of m, n, ng, l, r; the vowels are short and long versions of a, i, u.
274:
212:
163:
150:
4478:
5483:
5010:
4976:
4962:
4620:
4517:
4284:
4224:
4206:
3722:
3706:
3660:
3417:
3237:
3202:
3192:
3170:
3127:
2992:
2573:
2505:
2083:
1367:
2415:
2133:
Koontz-Garboden, Andrew. (2009) "Ulwa verb class morphology", In press in
423:
3181:
1795:
287:
215:– some 8,000 speakers along the Huaspuc River and its tributaries, most in
145:
and is composed of syllables from the names of the family's three members
2238:
1105:
485:
449:
357:
245:
2828:
531:
481:
385:
367:
109:
2138:
2080:, UMOP 20, pp. 75–106. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts.
594:
295:
255:
216:
199:
138:
94:
48:
2128:
Making Dictionaries: Preserving indigenous Languages of the Americas
1613:
598:
580:
263:
220:
203:
2107:
Revista de FilologĂa y LingĂĽĂstica de la Universidad de Costa Rica
2099:
Revista de FilologĂa y LingĂĽĂstica de la Universidad de Costa Rica
2057:
Revista de FilologĂa y LingĂĽĂstica de la Universidad de Costa Rica
2020:
2018:
584:
2121:
Serial Verbs: Grammatical, Comparative, and Cognitive Approaches
306:
Below is a full list of Misumalpan language varieties listed by
4424:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
4405:
4303:
2015:
1260:
166:. According to Hale, most speakers of Sumu also speak Miskito.
286:
All Misumalpan languages share the same phonology, apart from
1656:
1470:
1464:
2114:
Anuario del Seminario de FilologĂa Vasca "Julio de Urquijo"
1799:
2112:
Hale, Ken. "El causativo misumalpa (miskitu, sumu)", In
141:
and nearby areas. The name "Misumalpan" was devised by
290:. The consonants are p, b, t, d, k, s, h, w, y, and
2233:
2038:
579:- extinct language once spoken in the villages of
2041:Classification of South American Indian languages
310:(1968), including names of unattested varieties.
5481:
254:†– formerly spoken in the central highlands of
5179:
627:Below are Proto-Misumalpan reconstructions by
226:Mayangna - dominant variety of the Sumo family
178:to be "convincing", but Misumalpan specialist
4464:
2445:
2431:
2219:
2167:(general, but search specific language names)
2135:International Journal of American Linguistics
4434:Families with more than 30 languages are in
273:Miskito became the dominant language of the
133:) are a small family of languages spoken by
5358:
4471:
4457:
2438:
2424:
2226:
2212:
2045:. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
4480:Indigenous language families and isolates
223:. Many of them have shifted to Miskito.
194:– nearly 200,000 speakers, mainly in the
27:Language family of Nicaragua and Honduras
5084:
2033:
561:- extinct language once spoken from the
5505:Indigenous languages of Central America
2078:The UMOP Volume on Indigenous Languages
2027:
196:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
174:Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with
14:
5482:
2090:, "A Possible Macro-Chibchan Etymon",
4452:
2419:
2207:
2186:The Misumalpan Causative Construction
394:- extinct dialect once spoken around
169:
2176:Ulwa Language Home Page bibliography
2139:http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000639
338:- spoken on the Sandy Bay and near
24:
1064:plural exhortative-imperative verb
587:, Nicaragua. (only several words.)
301:
25:
5521:
2198:Andrew Koontz-Garboden's web page
2158:
2130:. University of California Press.
605:
384:- spoken on the left bank of the
332:- spoken on the Nicaraguan coast.
185:
2024:Hale & Salamanca 2001, p. 35
2012:Hale & Salamanca 2001, p. 33
452:River, Nicaragua. Dialects are:
108:
2152:Typological Studies in Language
2066:
1088:formativo de verbo intransitivo
2200:(with links to papers on Ulwa)
2049:
2006:
13:
1:
1061:exhortativo-imperativo plural
157:. It was first recognized by
2123:, John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
593:- spoken in the villages of
7:
2092:Anthropological Linguistics
1091:formative intransitive verb
240:†– formerly spoken in the
10:
5526:
2405:Mesoamerican language area
643:English gloss (translated)
5446:
5400:
5331:
5211:
5137:
5020:
4986:
4891:
4861:
4830:
4797:
4744:
4704:
4671:
4637:
4603:
4576:
4490:
4419:
4378:
4355:
4294:
4283:
4127:
3860:
3849:
3817:
3744:
3735:
3624:
3441:
3430:
3397:
3259:
3250:
3158:
2916:
2902:
2816:
2611:
2593:
2544:
2462:
2453:
2447:Primary language families
2397:
2356:
2323:
2245:
617:
612:
107:
93:
74:
56:Linguistic classification
54:
42:
37:
32:
5510:Macro-Chibchan languages
3264:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
2154:20, John Benjamins 1990.
1999:
1767:segunda persona (sufijo)
1697:primera persona (sufijo)
1683:primera persona (sufijo)
1669:presente (sufijo verbal)
1439:negative (verbal suffix)
1436:negativo (sufijo verbal)
640:Spanish gloss (original)
202:, but including some in
4431:have no living members.
2171:Ulwa Language home page
1820:tercer persona (sufijo)
1672:present (verbal suffix)
398:, Panama. (Unattested.)
5490:Mesoamerican languages
5464:Unclassified languages
4411:Unclassified languages
4365:list of sign languages
3333:Northeastern Tasmanian
2357:Proposed macrofamilies
2137:75.4. Preprint here:
1781:tacanĂ (tipo de abeja)
1770:second person (suffix)
629:Adolfo Constenla Umaña
618:Reconstruction of
4386:Constructed languages
2246:Demonstrated families
2181:Moskitia bibliography
1823:third person (suffix)
1700:first person (suffix)
1686:first person (suffix)
494:- spoken between the
480:- spoken between the
137:on the east coast of
5495:Misumalpan languages
2933:Binanderean–Goilalan
1784:tacanĂ (type of bee)
1102:gallinácea silvestre
621:Misumalpan languages
209:Sumalpan languages:
123:Misumalpan languages
5413:Algonquian–Wakashan
4215:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
4118:Tequiraca–Canichana
3961:Harákmbut–Katukinan
2724:Northwest Caucasian
2718:Northeast Caucasian
2642:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
1164:Dasyprocta punctata
372:Cabo Gracias a Dios
5401:Proposed groupings
4491:Language families
3837:Tarascan/Purépecha
3326:Northern Tasmanian
3084:South Bougainville
3045:North Bougainville
170:External relations
135:indigenous peoples
5500:Language families
5477:
5476:
5459:Extinct languages
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5207:
5206:
5133:
5132:
4887:
4886:
4863:Takelma–Kalapuyan
4446:
4445:
4396:Language isolates
4374:
4373:
4279:
4278:
3845:
3844:
3731:
3730:
3426:
3425:
3373:Western Tasmanian
3291:Eastern Tasmanian
3246:
3245:
2968:East Geelvink Bay
2898:
2897:
2589:
2588:
2413:
2412:
2235:Language families
2035:Loukotka, ÄŚestmĂr
1997:
1996:
1267:Spondias purpurea
646:Proto-Misumalpan
625:
624:
119:
118:
16:(Redirected from
5517:
5469:Linguistic areas
5356:
5355:
5177:
5176:
5082:
5081:
4795:
4794:
4574:
4573:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4292:
4291:
4246:Huaorani/Waorani
4130:(extant in 2000)
4094:Esmeralda–Yaruro
3865:Andoque–Urequena
3858:
3857:
3742:
3741:
3548:Plateau Penutian
3439:
3438:
3414:(Northern Daly?)
3257:
3256:
3143:Northwest Papuan
3107:Trans–New Guinea
2973:East New Britain
2948:Central Solomons
2914:
2913:
2659:Great Andamanese
2609:
2608:
2460:
2459:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2398:Linguistic areas
2228:
2221:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2165:FDL bibliography
2101:13 (1), 129-161.
2060:
2059:13 (1), 129-161.
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2013:
2010:
1325:be called, named
634:
633:
613:Proto-Misumalpan
610:
609:
530:- spoken on the
516:- spoken on the
458:- spoken on the
448:- spoken on the
422:- spoken on the
366:- spoken on the
356:- spoken on the
143:John Alden Mason
112:
103:
30:
29:
21:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5442:
5388:
5354:
5336:linguistic area
5335:
5327:
5216:linguistic area
5215:
5203:
5175:
5129:
5080:
5025:linguistic area
5024:
5016:
4990:linguistic area
4989:
4982:
4883:
4857:
4826:
4793:
4740:
4700:
4667:
4633:
4599:
4572:
4492:
4486:
4477:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4415:
4401:Mixed languages
4370:
4351:
4286:
4275:
4129:
4123:
3978:Katembri–Taruma
3852:
3841:
3813:
3727:
3620:
3433:
3422:
3393:
3242:
3154:
3113:Turama–Kikorian
3023:Lower Mamberamo
2978:East Strickland
2906:
2894:
2812:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2540:
2449:
2444:
2414:
2409:
2393:
2352:
2319:
2241:
2232:
2161:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2002:
608:
545:Matagalpa group
538:. (Unattested.)
518:Escondido River
304:
302:Loukotka (1968)
188:
172:
115:
99:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5523:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5454:Classification
5450:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5428:Macro-Chibchan
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5364:
5362:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5339:
5337:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5291:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5275:
5263:
5261:Tequistlatecan
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5219:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5184:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5144:
5142:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5091:
5089:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5028:
5026:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4924:Tequistlatecan
4921:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4868:
4866:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4848:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4812:
4804:
4802:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4719:
4711:
4709:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4686:
4678:
4676:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4643:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4609:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4582:
4580:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4496:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4326:Indo-Pakistani
4323:
4318:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4209:
4204:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4133:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4025:Piaroa–Saliban
4022:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3792:
3790:Tequistlatecan
3787:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3594:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3381:
3376:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3313:Marrku–Wurrugu
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2884:
2877:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2675:
2672:Hurro-Urartian
2668:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:Macro-Chibchan
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2296:Tequistlatecan
2293:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2159:External links
2157:
2156:
2155:
2144:
2141:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2095:
2094:Vol. 34, 1992.
2081:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2048:
2026:
2014:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:zorro hediondo
1985:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:Cuniculus paca
1803:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
999:
998:
995:
992:
989:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
971:
970:
967:
964:
961:
957:
956:
953:
950:
947:
943:
942:
939:
936:
935:cuarta persona
933:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
915:
914:
911:
908:
905:
901:
900:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
873:
872:
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
849:
845:
844:
841:
836:
833:
829:
828:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
811:
808:
805:
801:
800:
797:
794:
791:
787:
786:
783:
780:
777:
773:
772:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
731:
728:
725:
722:
718:
717:
714:
711:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
662:
661:
658:
655:
652:
648:
647:
644:
641:
638:
623:
622:
619:
615:
614:
607:
606:Proto-language
604:
603:
602:
601:, El Salvador.
588:
570:
547:
546:
542:
541:
540:
539:
525:
507:
489:
463:
431:
401:
400:
399:
396:Nombre de Dios
389:
375:
361:
343:
333:
316:
315:
314:Mosquito group
303:
300:
275:Mosquito Coast
271:
270:
269:
268:
267:
266:
262:department of
249:
244:department of
232:
231:
230:
227:
213:Sumo languages
207:
187:
186:Classification
184:
176:Macro-Chibchan
171:
168:
164:Mosquito Coast
159:Walter Lehmann
151:Sumo languages
117:
116:
113:
105:
104:
97:
91:
90:
89:
88:
85:
76:
72:
71:
70:
69:
61:Macro-Chibchan
58:
52:
51:
46:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5522:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5181:Calusa–Tunica
5178:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4489:
4485:
4484:North America
4481:
4474:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:Original Thai
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4126:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4100:Hibito–Cholón
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3616:Yuman–CochimĂ
3614:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3351:Southern Daly
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:Darwin Region
3273:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Demta–Sentani
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2679:Indo-European
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2629:Austroasiatic
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2116:1996, 30:1-2.
2115:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2084:Colette Craig
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2009:
2005:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:smell (intr.)
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:strangler fig
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:interrogative
1234:
1232:interrogativo
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:interrogative
1220:
1218:interrogativo
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
987:
986:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:
968:
965:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
949:chica de maĂz
948:
945:
944:
940:
938:fourth person
937:
934:
931:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:
870:
867:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
847:
846:
842:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
792:
789:
788:
784:
781:
778:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
632:
630:
620:
616:
611:
600:
596:
592:
589:
586:
582:
578:
574:
571:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
548:
544:
543:
537:
533:
529:
526:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
490:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:
461:
460:Banbana River
457:
454:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:
397:
393:
390:
387:
383:
379:
376:
373:
369:
365:
362:
359:
355:
351:
347:
344:
341:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
325:
321:
318:
317:
313:
312:
311:
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
284:
281:
276:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
247:
243:
239:
236:
235:
233:
228:
225:
224:
222:
218:
214:
211:
210:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
189:
183:
181:
177:
167:
165:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
111:
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
86:
84:
83:
79:
78:
77:
73:
68:
65:
64:
62:
59:
57:
53:
50:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5418:Aztec–Tanoan
5381:
5374:
5369:Guanahatabey
5367:
5360:Pre-Arawakan
5342:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5286:
5277:
5270:
5255:Oto-Manguean
5253:
5247:
5246:
5239:
5222:
5213:Mesoamerican
5196:
5189:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5022:Coahuiltecan
5009:
5002:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4935:
4928:
4916:
4871:
4850:
4832:Coast Oregon
4814:
4807:
4774:
4733:
4726:
4714:
4706:Macro-Siouan
4688:
4681:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4592:
4585:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4499:
4493:and isolates
4435:
4428:
4427:Families in
4362:
4313:
4211:
4199:
4049:
4017:
4008:Pano-Tacanan
3965:
3928:
3916:
3887:Arutani–Sape
3879:
3824:
3806:
3799:
3784:Oto-Manguean
3782:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3705:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3638:
3631:
3608:
3601:
3589:
3562:
3540:
3533:
3521:
3509:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3452:
3445:
3404:
3371:
3367:Western Daly
3345:Pama–Nyungan
3343:
3331:
3324:
3311:
3289:
3284:Eastern Daly
3282:
3274:
3229:
3105:
3093:
3071:
3054:
3032:
3003:Kaure–Kosare
2963:Doso–Turumsa
2953:Chimbu–Wahgi
2943:Bulaka River
2927:Austronesian
2925:
2886:
2879:
2860:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2735:Sino-Tibetan
2733:
2716:
2699:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2646:
2636:Austronesian
2634:
2627:
2615:
2561:
2499:Nilo-Saharan
2497:
2490:
2475:Austronesian
2473:
2466:
2307:
2300:
2290:Oto-Manguean
2288:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2252:
2151:
2147:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2091:
2088:Kenneth Hale
2077:
2067:Bibliography
2056:
2051:
2040:
2029:
2008:
1805:
1796:tepezcuintle
1499:oler (intr.)
1469:
1265:
1162:
910:cook (intr.)
868:interjection
626:
590:
576:
572:
569:, Nicaragua.
558:
554:
550:
527:
513:
509:
500:Waspuc River
496:Pispis River
491:
477:
473:
469:
465:
455:
445:
441:
437:
433:
430:, Nicaragua.
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
391:
381:
377:
363:
353:
349:
345:
335:
329:
323:
319:
305:
288:phonotactics
285:
283:documented.
272:
219:but some in
173:
130:
126:
122:
120:
80:
75:Subdivisions
66:
45:distribution
5423:Macro-Mayan
5288:Uto-Aztecan
5266:Totozoquean
5096:Coahuilteco
4907:Palaihnihan
4789:Tsimshianic
4321:Germanosign
4225:Mura-PirahĂŁ
4106:Lule–Vilela
4082:Bora-Witoto
4057:Uru–Chipaya
4030:Ticuna–Yuri
4013:Peba–Yaguan
3998:Nambikwaran
3801:Uto-Aztecan
3737:Mesoamerica
3591:Uto-Aztecan
3580:Tsimshianic
3542:Palaihnihan
3412:Malak-Malak
3149:Papuan Gulf
3123:West Papuan
3028:Lower Sepik
3018:Lakes Plain
2921:Arai–Samaia
2909:the Pacific
2617:Afroasiatic
2492:Niger–Congo
2468:Afroasiatic
2389:Totozoquean
2369:Macro-Mayan
2309:Uto-Aztecan
2239:Mesoamerica
924:hummingbird
839:Spanish fly
671:grandfather
657:grandmother
567:Olama River
536:Bocay River
522:Siqui River
504:Bocay River
486:Prinzapolca
450:Prinzapolca
428:Carca River
388:, Honduras.
370:and on the
358:Prinzapolca
246:El Salvador
234:Matagalpan
5484:Categories
5279:Mixe–Zoque
5248:Misumalpan
5170:Chitimacha
4662:Algonquian
4628:Athabaskan
4507:Yuki–Wappo
4315:Francosign
4163:Chiquitano
4143:Alacalufan
3951:Guaicuruan
3924:Chapacuran
3907:Cahuapanan
3875:Araucanian
3778:Mixe–Zoque
3773:Misumalpan
3487:Comecrudan
3339:Nyulnyulan
3118:Upper Yuat
3095:Torricelli
3067:Senu River
2998:Foja Range
2904:New Guinea
2829:Burushaski
2690:Kartvelian
2665:Hmong–Mien
2481:Khoe–Kwadi
2283:Mixe–Zoque
2277:Misumalpan
2194:– Ken Hale
2188:– Ken Hale
1934:son-in-law
1731:*kadasmak
1642:place, put
1408:murciélago
1148:watch (v.)
896:cook (tr.)
782:drink (v.)
563:Tumo River
532:Tuma River
482:Coco River
424:UlĂşa River
386:Coco River
368:Coco River
260:El ParaĂso
155:Matagalpan
67:Misumalpan
43:Geographic
33:Misumalpan
18:Misumalpan
5433:Tolatecan
5333:Caribbean
5321:AlagĂĽilac
5314:Purépecha
5300:Cuitlatec
5272:Totonacan
5230:Jicaquean
5149:Muskogean
5124:Mamulique
5110:Comecrudo
5040:Karankawa
4943:Jicaquean
4930:Chimariko
4879:Kalapuyan
4822:Sahaptian
4770:Yok-Utian
4755:Chinookan
4728:Iroquoian
4696:Chimakuan
4512:Chumashan
4346:Tanzanian
4287:languages
4184:HodĂŻ/Joti
4128:Isolates
4067:Yanomaman
4003:Otomákoan
3967:Jirajaran
3956:Guajiboan
3918:Catacaoan
3897:Barbacoan
3826:Cuitlatec
3795:Totonacan
3754:Jicaquean
3633:Chimariko
3529:Muskogean
3511:Kalapuyan
3505:Iroquoian
3480:Chumashan
3473:Chinookan
3466:Chimakuan
3384:Yangmanic
3379:Worrorran
3362:Wagaydyic
3252:Australia
3101:Trans-Fly
2767:Yeniseian
2754:Tyrsenian
2648:Dravidian
2384:Tolatecan
2347:AlagĂĽilac
2341:Purépecha
2331:Cuitlatec
2302:Totonacan
2260:Jicaquean
2073:Columbia.
1892:you (sg.)
1117:garrapata
1106:wild fowl
952:corn girl
835:cantárida
682:acostarse
595:Cacaopera
591:Cacaopera
551:Matagalpa
514:Cockorack
296:voiceless
256:Nicaragua
252:Matagalpa
238:Cacaopera
217:Nicaragua
200:Nicaragua
139:Nicaragua
127:Misumalpa
95:Glottolog
49:Nicaragua
5344:Arawakan
5224:Chibchan
5103:Cotoname
5061:Quinigua
5047:Maratino
4746:Penutian
4690:Wakashan
4683:Salishan
4594:Eskimoan
4578:Eskaleut
4379:See also
4356:Isolates
4331:Japanese
4271:Yuracaré
4153:Candoshi
4112:Macro-JĂŞ
4077:Zaparoan
4072:Zamucoan
4062:Witotoan
4045:Tucanoan
4040:Tiniguan
4035:Timotean
4019:Quechuan
3988:Matacoan
3983:Mascoian
3973:Jivaroan
3936:Chibchan
3930:Charruan
3881:Arawakan
3818:Isolates
3749:Chibchan
3625:Isolates
3597:Wakashan
3558:Salishan
3500:Eskaleut
3406:Giimbiyu
3398:Isolates
3307:Jarrakan
3302:Iwaidjan
3159:Isolates
3013:Kutubuan
2881:Sumerian
2817:Isolates
2772:Yukaghir
2741:Tungusic
2707:Mongolic
2695:Koreanic
2654:Eskaleut
2545:Isolates
2529:Ubangian
2379:Penutian
2324:Isolates
2254:Chibchan
2037:(1968).
1993:*wasala
1973:zopilote
1614:Pleiades
1610:pléyades
1541:perezoso
1364:matapalo
1322:llamarse
1197:*jasama
997:*lihwan
827:*iskidi
716:*lalalh
710:amarillo
685:lie down
631:(1987):
599:Lislique
581:Jinotega
573:Jinotega
559:Popoluca
492:Panamaca
392:Chuchure
354:Tangwera
320:Mosquito
308:Loukotka
264:Honduras
258:and the
221:Honduras
204:Honduras
180:Ken Hale
131:Misuluan
101:misu1242
87:Sumalpan
38:Misuluan
5408:Amerind
5383:Ciguayo
5376:Macorix
5350:Cariban
5324: ?
5183: ?
5163:Atakapa
5156:Natchez
5141: ?
5088: ?
5086:Pakawan
5075:Tonkawa
5033:Aranama
4988:Pueblo
4956:Salinan
4937:Esselen
4902:Shastan
4895: ?
4873:Takelma
4865: ?
4852:Siuslaw
4834: ?
4809:Klamath
4801: ?
4799:Plateau
4765:Maiduan
4760:Wintuan
4748: ?
4722:Caddoan
4708: ?
4675: ?
4614:Tlingit
4605:Na-Dene
4560:Waikuri
4553:Timucua
4546:Kutenai
4525:Beothuk
4429:italics
4406:Pidgins
4391:Creoles
4341:Swedish
4309:Chinese
4256:Urarina
4241:Puinave
4195:Itonama
4189:Irantxe
4158:Chimane
4088:Chimuan
3993:Nadahup
3912:Cariban
3892:Aymaran
3853:America
3695:Waikuri
3688:Tonkawa
3681:Timucua
3674:Takelma
3667:Siuslaw
3656:Kutenai
3640:Esselen
3603:Wintuan
3564:Shastan
3535:Na-Dene
3523:Maiduan
3460:Caddoan
3434:America
3388:Wagiman
3386:(incl.
3357:Tangkic
3297:Garawan
3270:Bunuban
3231:Tambora
3198:Maybrat
3166:Abinomn
3089:Teberan
3050:Pauwasi
3040:Mairasi
3008:Kiwaian
2888:Tambora
2874:Shompen
2856:Kusunda
2849:Kenaboi
2835:Elamite
2807:Siangic
2789:Kho-Bwa
2783:Hrusish
2701:Kra–Dai
2685:Japonic
2594:Eurasia
2569:Sandawe
2552:Bangime
2517:Songhay
2109:28 (1).
1979:*kusma
1976:vulture
1787:*walaŋ
1725:rodilla
1626:podrido
1589:*kutak
1575:*walpa
1519:*tupal
1505:*walab
1400:*jwada
1386:*ajlas
1356:*ahawa
1314:*wajku
1272:*wudak
1169:*kjaki
1159:guatusa
1145:guardar
921:colibrĂ
907:cocerse
865:caramba
851:caracol
769:pumpkin
565:to the
555:Chontal
470:Táuaxka
466:Tawihka
456:Bawihka
446:Albauin
420:Taulepa
324:Miskito
242:Morazán
192:Miskito
147:Miskito
82:Miskito
63: ?
5438:Waroid
5294:Xincan
5235:Lencan
5198:Calusa
5191:Tunica
5068:Solano
5054:Naolan
4998:Tanoan
4912:Pomoan
4846:Coosan
4841:Alsean
4816:Molala
4776:Yokuts
4716:Siouan
4567:PericĂş
4539:Cayuse
4304:BANZSL
4266:Yamana
4251:Trumai
4220:Movima
4174:FulniĂ´
4137:AikanĂŁ
4051:Tupian
3946:Chonan
3870:Arauan
3808:Xincan
3760:Lencan
3713:Yokuts
3610:Yukian
3575:Tanoan
3570:Siouan
3553:Pomoan
3494:Coosan
3320:Mirndi
3213:Porome
3208:Pawaia
3062:Senagi
3034:Madang
2983:Eleman
2938:Border
2869:Nihali
2862:Minoan
2842:Hattic
2824:Basque
2795:Mijiic
2777:Digaro
2761:Uralic
2747:Turkic
2598:Europe
2455:Africa
2315:Xincan
2265:Lencan
2086:&
1959:zacate
1917:viento
1881:*anaŋ
1865:jaguar
1851:nipple
1837:nipple
1753:sangre
1717:*wali
1661:*sawa
1629:rotten
1618:*kadu
1569:piedra
1561:*wida
1555:pesado
1547:*saja
1491:*wada
1442:*-san
1414:*umis
1380:mentir
1372:*laka
1353:mature
1350:maduro
1328:*ajaŋ
1297:tongue
1294:lengua
1261:jocote
1191:hierro
1177:gusano
1151:*ubak
1123:*mata
1075:flecha
1067:*-naw
1039:*maja
1033:esposa
1011:*jabu
1005:dormir
991:dinero
969:*kuma
955:*sili
871:*anaj
857:*suni
843:*mada
813:*jam-
758:*widi
744:*kawh
713:yellow
688:*udaŋ
674:*nini
668:abuelo
660:titiŋ
654:abuela
577:Chingo
502:, and
488:River.
416:Oldwaw
360:River.
350:Tauira
346:Tawira
340:Bimuna
336:Baldam
292:voiced
280:creole
125:(also
5447:Lists
5307:Huave
5241:Mayan
5117:Garza
5004:Keres
4970:Washo
4949:Karuk
4918:Yuman
4893:Hokan
4782:Utian
4735:Yuchi
4673:Mosan
4655:Yurok
4648:Wiyot
4639:Algic
4587:Aleut
4532:Bidai
4501:Haida
4261:Warao
4230:Nukak
4201:Kunza
4179:GuatĂł
4168:Cofán
4148:Camsá
3941:Choco
3902:Boran
3851:South
3832:Huave
3767:Mayan
3718:Yuchi
3701:Washo
3651:Karuk
3646:Haida
3585:Utian
3517:Keres
3454:Alsea
3447:Algic
3432:North
3224:Taiap
3218:Sulka
3073:Sepik
2988:Engan
2729:Ongan
2712:Nivkh
2580:Shabo
2563:Jalaa
2557:Hadza
2511:Mande
2364:Hokan
2336:Huave
2271:Mayan
2000:Notes
1990:skunk
1965:*tun
1962:grass
1951:*jam
1931:yerno
1923:*win
1909:*saŋ
1906:green
1903:verde
1895:*man
1878:cough
1862:tigre
1840:*tja
1826:*-ka
1812:*uja
1773:*-ma
1756:blood
1745:*paw
1703:*-ki
1657:pozol
1653:pozol
1645:*kan
1639:meter
1600:louse
1597:piojo
1572:stone
1558:heavy
1533:*usu
1530:urine
1527:orina
1513:oreja
1477:*kuh
1471:Pinus
1465:ocote
1456:*amu
1453:cloud
1428:*nam
1422:nariz
1397:woman
1394:mujer
1342:*aja
1286:*naj
1280:lejos
1208:smoke
1183:*bid
1137:*udu
1134:heron
1131:garza
1094:*-wa
1078:arrow
1050:to be
1047:estar
1008:sleep
994:money
966:chile
963:chile
941:*-ni
927:*sud
913:*wad
899:*bja
893:cocer
882:house
854:snail
807:bueno
796:mouth
779:beber
766:ayote
738:arena
730:*ban
724:árbol
699:water
585:DanlĂ
528:Yosco
510:Cucra
474:Twaca
438:Simou
412:Gaula
408:Wulwa
382:Cueta
364:Wanki
248:; and
5139:Gulf
5011:Zuni
4977:Yana
4963:Seri
4621:Eyak
4518:Adai
4436:bold
4363:See
4299:Arab
4285:Sign
4236:Páez
4213:Maku
4207:Leco
3723:Zuni
3707:Yana
3661:Seri
3418:Tiwi
3238:Wiru
3203:Mpur
3193:Kuot
3176:AnĂŞm
3171:Abun
3138:Yuat
3133:Yawa
3079:Skou
3056:Ramu
2907:and
2801:Miju
2623:Ainu
2603:Asia
2601:and
2574:Laal
2535:Kadu
2523:Ijaw
2486:Kx'a
1920:wind
1854:*su
1848:teta
1834:teta
1800:paca
1739:rojo
1728:knee
1689:*-i
1675:*ta
1586:skin
1583:piel
1544:lazy
1488:hear
1474:spp.
1450:nube
1425:nose
1339:corn
1336:maĂz
1311:moon
1308:luna
1300:*tu
1252:*wa
1238:*ja
1224:*ma
1205:humo
1194:iron
1180:worm
1120:tick
1053:*da
1036:wife
1025:*bu
980:give
879:casa
821:bĂşho
810:good
799:*ta
793:boca
785:*di
752:atar
741:sand
727:tree
702:*li
696:agua
597:and
583:and
534:and
520:and
484:and
478:Taga
442:Smus
434:Sumu
426:and
404:Ulua
330:Kâbô
294:and
229:Ulwa
153:and
121:The
4482:of
3188:Kol
3182:Ata
3128:Yam
2993:Fas
2506:Tuu
2237:of
1937:*u
1875:tos
1759:*a
1742:red
1714:net
1711:red
1516:ear
1485:oĂr
1411:bat
1383:lie
1283:far
1022:two
1019:dos
983:*a
977:dar
885:*u
824:owl
755:tie
637:No.
378:Mam
198:of
129:or
5486::
3390:)?
2349:?)
2150:,
2017:^
1984:94
1970:93
1956:92
1945:yo
1942:91
1928:90
1914:89
1900:88
1889:tĂş
1886:87
1872:86
1859:85
1845:84
1831:83
1817:82
1792:81
1778:80
1764:79
1750:78
1736:77
1722:76
1708:75
1694:74
1680:73
1666:72
1650:71
1636:70
1623:69
1607:68
1594:67
1580:66
1566:65
1552:64
1538:63
1524:62
1510:61
1496:60
1482:59
1461:58
1447:57
1433:56
1419:55
1405:54
1391:53
1377:52
1361:51
1347:50
1333:49
1319:48
1305:47
1291:46
1277:45
1257:44
1249:go
1246:ir
1243:43
1229:42
1215:41
1202:40
1188:39
1174:38
1156:37
1142:36
1128:35
1114:34
1099:33
1085:32
1072:31
1058:30
1044:29
1030:28
1016:27
1002:26
988:25
974:24
960:23
946:22
932:21
918:20
904:19
890:18
876:17
862:16
848:15
832:14
818:13
804:12
790:11
776:10
575:/
557:/
553:/
512:/
498:,
476:/
472:/
468:/
444:/
440:/
436:/
418:/
414:/
410:/
406:/
380:/
352:/
348:/
322:/
149:,
4472:e
4465:t
4458:v
4438:.
4348:?
4232:?
4191:?
4170:?
4139:?
4120:?
4114:?
4108:?
4102:?
4096:?
4090:?
4084:?
3353:?
3316:?
3279:?
3266:?
3233:?
3226:?
3220:?
3184:?
3178:?
3151:?
3145:?
2890:?
2876:?
2864:?
2851:?
2809:?
2803:?
2797:?
2791:?
2785:?
2779:?
2605:)
2596:(
2582:?
2576:?
2537:?
2531:?
2525:?
2519:?
2513:?
2502:?
2439:e
2432:t
2425:v
2345:(
2227:e
2220:t
2213:v
1948:I
1802:)
1798:(
763:9
749:8
735:7
721:6
707:5
693:4
679:3
665:2
651:1
524:.
506:.
462:.
374:.
342:.
206:.
20:)
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