147:
859:
199:
121:
212:
186:
225:
173:
513:
95:
738:). It is further divided into several local dialects. The Western dialect is characterized by the absence of the labialized and the uvular and found in the Middle Tatar dialect. In some local dialects there is an affricate , in others . The written Tatar language (ie the Kazan dialect) has been formed as a result of the mixing of central and western dialects. The Mishar dialect, especially in the Sergach area, has been said to be very similar to the ancient
720:
160:
134:
1083:
108:
582:
843:, Bulgarians of Eastern Bulgaria and some Hungarians (more than 60% of the Mishars). The light Caucasoid type (descended from the Sakaliba mentioned in Arabic sources, or from the Kipchaks) is about 20%. The Ural type, most characteristic of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga-Kama region, is represented among the Mishars less than all other groups of the Tatar nation: 8-10%. The Mongoloid type in its pure form is not found".
80:
47:
866:
Accordin to
Leitzinger, Mishars are traditionally maybe slightly more "symphatetic" to Russians than Kazan Tatars. These two groups have lived next to each other and therefore the Mishars have been influenced by them. Due to this, the Kazan Tatars have thought, maybe condescendingly, that Mishars are
612:
Researchers such as
Velyaminov-Zernov, Radlov and Mozharovski believed that the Mishar Tatars descended from the "Tatarized" Finno-Ugric Meshchera tribe. M. Zekiyev, G. Akhmarov and A. Orlov challenge this idea. Zekiyev says: "If this theory (Meschera) turns out to be true, there must be clear traces
912:
Since World War II, estimates of the number of
Mishars have varied; 300,000 - 2,000,000. The census has been complicated by them sometimes being counted as their own group (Mishar/Mescheryaki) and sometimes as Tatars in general. Merging with the people of Kazan has also contributed to the matter. In
500:
Yevfimi
Aleksandrovich Malov, a missionary who was active in Kazan, compared the two groups in question in his 1885 writing as follows: "The Mishar Tatars have bushier beards, they don't show off their clothes. They speak loudly, as if shouting, and add Russian expressions to their speech". A mullah
496:
According to R. G. Mukhamedova, the Mishar Tatars are ethnic relatives of the Kazan Tatars, descendants of the
Kipchaks, some of whom may be of ancient Hungarian origin. Mukhamedova presented that "the role of the Kipchaks in the formation of the Mishars was somewhat greater than in the formation of
796:
Even though the
Mishars present many different ethnic traits, they are (like Balkars) said to be one of the "purest representatives" of ancient Kipchaks today. Orlov states: "Nizhny Novogord Tatars are one of the original Tatar groups, who maintain the continuity of Kipchak-Turkic language, culture
792:
because of their language, traditional food, and the naming of the days of the week. A. Samoylovich writes; "The individual name system of the days of the week is observed in a wide area, from the
Meshcheryaks of the Sergach region of Nizhny Novgorod province to the Turks of Anatolia and the Balkan
572:
are "real
Mishars". G. Akhmarov says that Mishars arrived in Novgorod in early 1600s, though some of them might have already been on the territory before; Tatars who called themselves the Meshcheryaks had settled to the deserts in the eastern part of the region already before the Invasion of Kazan
897:. However, the formation, also known as Qasıym Tatars, was eventually a separate Tatar group; according to S. Ishkhakov, an "ethnically transitional group between Kazan Tatars and Mishar Tatars." Kasimov Tatars took part in the Conquest of Kazan and in wars against Sweden with Ivan the Terrible.
564:
is also named as an important factor. After migration waves from late 1500s to 1700s, they settled especially on the right bank of Volga and Urals. Increased contacts with Kazan Tatars made these two groups even closer, and thus, the "Tatar nation" was born; eventually replacing previously used
941:
750:) think that Mishar Tatar belongs to the Kipchak-Cuman group rather than to the Kipchak-Bulgar group. Khayretdinov: "The Mishar dialect is incomparably closer to the Kipchak language than other languages of the Kipchak subgroup in many phonetic and especially morphological features".
446:. The Tatar Turkologist of the early 19th century, Akhmarov, believed that the name "Mishar" has a geographical character and originates from the historical region of Meshchera. "Mişär" most likely comes from the Kazan Tatars. Previously, in Russian sources, they were known as the
698:
states that
Mishars most likely descent from the Kipchaks of Golden Horde, that settled on the West side of the Volga. Khayretdinov: "The Meshchersky yurt was considered an integral part of the Golden Horde, and not only in its capital Sarai, but also in Crimea and elsewhere".
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779:
and a lot of animal motifs. Social satire has also been popular. It usually targetes the rich and spiritual leaders. Folk poetry is wistful, about the home region and miserable human fates. The wedding songs of the Mishar people are very similar to the songs of the
497:
the Kazan Tatars". According to Allen J. Frank, the Mishar Tatars "have the same language and religion as the Kazan Tatars, but differ from them in their ethnic and political history". He emphasizes the Mishar's "long association with the
Russian state".
663:
and their language remained mutually intelligible. Some scientists of the 19th and 20th centuries, based on equivalency of the Turkic ethnonym Madjar (variants: Majgar, Mojar, Mishar, Mochar) with the Hungarian self-name Magyar, associated them with
382:. They have at least partially different ethnogenesis from the Kazan Tatars, though many differences have since disappeared. Different versions about their origin exist to this day, but most researchers connect their ancestors to the population of
874:
during the 1670–1671 uprising, and probably also in other revolutions in Russian Empire. In 1798-1865, they formed the "Bashkir-Meshcheryaki Army" (Башкиро-мещерякское войско), which was an irregural formation, but took part for example in the
681:
to the east of Carpathian region proves this. The presence of early medieval Hungarian culture is attested by archeological findings in Volga-Ural region. The influence of Hungarian language resulted in forming definite conjugation in
632:, also allegedly known as the "Meschera Cossacks", even before the time of Kasim Khanate. A. Gordeyev connects the formation of Cossacks to Golden Horde and Tatishev made a connection between "Meshchera Tatars" and Don Cossacks.
962:
956:
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and Mordvinic languages. Ethnologist R.G. Kuzeyev says that the Mishars by their origin "go back to one of the ancient Ugric tribes of the Magyar union", and this ethnonym itself "has a Ugric-Magyar basis".
668:
Magyars and came to a conclusion that Turkic-speaking Mishars were formed by a Turkization of those Hungarians who remained in the region after their main part left to the West in the 8th century. The shift
636:, according to him, wrote the following: "Cossacks are just Meschera Tatars". Orlov also states, that not all ancestors of Nizhny Novorod Mishars are from Meshchera, rather, some can be traced back to
832:. The admixture event is suggested to have taken place in the Southern Ural region at 643–431 BCE, which is "in agreement with contemporary historical accounts which denominated the Conquerors as
1896:Кушкумбаев А.К. «По Преданиям древних они знают, что те венгры произошли от них…» К вопросу о восточных мадьярах. 3. NEMZETKÖZI KORAI MAGYARTÖRTÉNETI ÉS RÉGÉSZETIKONFERENCIA, Budapest 2018.
1938:
Olga V. Zelencova ’Magyar’ jellegű övdíszek Volga menti finn nyelvű népek temetőiből a Volga jobb partvidékéről. 3. NEMZETKÖZI KORAI MAGYARTÖRTÉNETI ÉS RÉGÉSZETIKONFERENCIA, Budapest 2018.
913:
1926 census, there were 200 000 Mishars, but the number was thought to be higher in reality, because not everyone identified as Mishar. In 1897, the number of "Mishars" had been 622 600.
549:
moved to the region and founded e.g. Temnikov, Narovchat, Shatsky and Kadom fortresses. After the Golden Horde weakened, they became subjects of Russia, who farmed the land and paid the
764:
cultures in the national dress of women and in the ancient Kipchak words, which are not found in the Kazan Tatar dialect, but are in the center for the Kazakhs, as well as
628:. Orlov states, that Mishars originate from "ancient Meshchera", which is first mentioned in Golden Horde. He also proposes, that these Turkic Meshchera largely formed the
862:
Land Captain of the second section of Sergachsky District P. V. Dmitriev (in the middle) with his subordinates; Mishar Tatars on left, Russians on right. (late 1800s).
501:
named Ahsän, from the village of Yendovich interviewed by Malov, said that they came from Kasimov and differed from the Kazan Tatars in terms of language and customs.
839:
D. Khayretdinov: "Anthropologically, the Mishars mostly belong to the Pontic type of the Caucasoid race, which is well expressed among the pre-Mongol Bulgars, modern
613:
of Finno-Ugric tribes in the Tatars, but they are not there at all." According to historian Damir Khayretdinov, genetic studies seem to also be against this theory.
753:
Material from the second half of the 18th century on the Mishar dialect shows references to the Kasimov dialect, which has since disappeared, and especially to the
416:
is a name used by the Russians for certain areas where the ancestors of the Mishars lived. For the first time it is mentioned in the Golden Horde and later in
1497:
Halikov, A. H. 1991: Tataarit, keitä te olette? Suomeksi tekijän täydentämänä toimittaneet Ymär Daher ja Lauri Kotiniemi. Abdulla Tukain Kulttuuriseura r.y.
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Tatars. They differ mainly in living locations and dialect, though the Mishars also have at least partially different ethnogenesis from the Kazan Tatars.
3868:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
2267:
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Russian and Mordvian influences have been observed in Mishar architecture, house construction and home decoration. Mishar tales often contain signs of
846:
Khayretdinov also brings up the possible Iranian-Burtas theory when discussing the dark appearance of Mishar Tatars. N.D. Rusinov suggested that some
2362:
867:"half Russian". Mishars are not however the so called "Russified Tatars", but still maintain their Kipchak-Turkic language and Sunni Islamic faith.
620:
and Meshchera. However, Orlov denies the Finnic background of the tribe. He thinks Meshchera was all along a Turkic tribe (Polovtsian), that by
1435:
1859:
800:
A. Leitzinger thinks Mishars have more Kipchak in their dialect, where as Bolgar influence possibly is found better among the Kazan Tatars.
593:
The origin of the Mishar Tatars has remained a point of controversy for years. Generally, however, the same ancient tribes are brought up;
1848:Рахимзянов Б. Р. Касимовское ханство (1445—1552 гг.): Очерки истории. — Казань: Татарское книжное издательство (Идел-пресс), 2009. — 208 с
393:
In the 1897 census, their total number was 622,600. The estimates have varied greatly since, because they are often identified simply as
1215:
Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World
541:. Individual nomadic groups began to move to this area inhabited by the Finnic peoples at the beginning of the 11th century. During the
450:(мещеряки). In the 1926 census, 200,000 called themselves "Mishars". The Tatar name originates from the time of Golden Horde, when the
1760:
1140:. (Sisältää Hasan Hamidullan ”Yañaparin historian”. Suomentanut ja kommentoinut Fazile Nasretdin). Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996.
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Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 1780-1910
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As the Mishar and Kazan Tatars have become closer as a result of migration, the differences between them have decreased.
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2018:
1968:
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573:(1552). In remaining texts, they recall “with great longing the happy life of their ancestors in the Kazan Khanate".
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2415:
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1227:
2895:
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1507:
2133:"Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin"
1954:Серебренников Б.А. Исторические загадки // Советское финноугроведение. –1984. – № 3. – Москва: Наука. – p. 69–72
1178:
1831:
1719:: State-funded institution Shigabutdin Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences: 349.
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2077:Махмутова Л. Т. Опыт исследования тюркских диалектов: мишарский диалект татарского языка. — М.: Наука, 1978,
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Mishars living separately from Kazan Tatars do not call themselves Mishars, they consider themselves simply
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1615:"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы: Глава I. Поиск истоков: находки и проблемы"
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A project focused on Nizhny Novgorod Mishars, which historian Alimzhan Orlov calls "the pure Mishars", is
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meaning "beekeeper". Its connection to proto-Hungarian Magyars has also been suggested (mazhar, mishar).
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1637:
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is also an ancient Finno-Ugric tribe, although it has been also claimed that it was originally Turkic.
1929:Шушарин, В. П. Ранний этап этнической истории венгров. Проблемы этнического самосознания. Москва, 1997
1813:"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы: Мещера – прародина нижегородских татар"
1791:"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы: Маджары и мещера – кипчакские племена"
876:
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The ancestors of Mishar Tatars being part of Golden Horde, one way or another, unifies researchers.
473:, the Christian Tatars, were not Tatars at all. They themselves identified as "Tatar", and the term
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is natural for Hungarian phonology and this form of the ethnonym was in use until they shifted to
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Mukhammed-Zarif Yunusov (1850–1914) – imam of the first Muslim congregation of Saint Petersburg
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in the southern and southeastern parts of the Nizhny Novgorod region may be of Iranian origin.
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886:. Orlov has also gave a simple statement relating to this; "The ancestors of Mishars are the
747:
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307:, after the Kazan Tatars. Traditionally, they have inhabited the middle and western side of
3813:
3150:
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2654:
2482:
2458:""Projects to preserve the history and culture of the Nizhny Novgorod Tatars" (in Russian)"
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A genetic analysis found that the medieval Hungarian Conqueror elite is closely related to
735:
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2100:Р. Г. Мухамедова "Татары-мишари. Историко-этнографическое исследование. — М.: Наука, 1972.
8:
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2349:"Рифат Фаттахов: "Состояние татарской эстрады – вопрос политической выживаемости нации""
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and Ibrahim Teregul; Mishar Tatars from Nizhny Novgorod, pictured in Finland, year 1920.
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noted that the Mishar-Tatar dialect is one of the closest to the Cuman language used in
616:
The theory of A. Orlov is as follows then: The ancestors of Mishar Tatars are formed by
533:
The formation of the group took place in the forest-steppe zone on the west side of the
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2013:
Jazyki Rossijskoi Federatsii i sosednih gosudarstv. Tom 3, p. 68. Moskva: Nauka, 2005.
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1384:"ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ НИЖЕГОРОДСКИХ ТАТАР-МИШАРЕЙ (IX – НАЧАЛО ХХ ВЕКА)"
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The Tatars in Finland are Mishar Tatars, whose ancestors came from the villages of
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The ethnic character of the Mishars was mostly finally formed during 1400–1500 in
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1703:[The origin of Mishar Tatars and Teptyars in the work of G. N. Akhmarov]
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1098:. A nickname for such Mishars is "Nizhgar" / Nizhgarlar" (Нижгар / Нижгарлар).
1077:
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In some sources, Mishars are known as "Kasimov Tatars", since they were formed
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government started using the name, though many of them still called themselves
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which is found only in Ugric languages. Medieval Hungarian loans are found in
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2432:. Helsinki: Suomen Itämainen Seura, 2011. ISBN 978-951-9380-78-0. (preface)
1981:
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village, the Mishars saw Islam central to their identity; they stated that
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308:
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279:
100:
63:
1832:"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы: Заключение"
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1436:"Проблема происхождения татар-мишарей и тептярей в трудах Г. Н. Ахмарова"
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1043:
728:
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538:
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267:
1541:"Islam and the Creation of Sacred Space: The Mishar Tatars in Chuvashia"
1254:"Islam and the Creation of Sacred Space: The Mishar Tatars in Chuvashia"
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2779:
1758:
Mişerler, Başkurtlar ve dilleri / Mishers, Bashkirs and their languages
1231:
825:
719:
39:мишәрләр, мишәр татарлары, татарлар mişərlər, mişər tatarları, tatarlar
3717:
2861:
2232:
1982:"Публикация ННР О языке куманов: По поводу издания куманского словаря"
1700:ПРОБЛЕМА ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ТАТАР-МИШАРЕЙ И ТЕПТЯРЕЙ В ТРУДАХ Г.Н. АХМАРОВА
1407:
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386:. The Mishar dialect is said to be "faithfully close" to the ancient
316:
283:
165:
139:
1919:(in Russian). Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya. №1 (11). Kazan. p. 82.
1914:
1835:
1523:"Excerpts from "The Volga Tatars, a Profile in National Resilience""
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nobility used it for its population. Later, Russian feudals and the
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In 2006, based on a single interview done in an ethnically diverse
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Traditionally, the Mishars have inhabited the western side of the
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947:(1823–1866), a Mishar Tatar historian, philologist and teacher.
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Orlov says that "Meshchera Tatars" were in the Cossack army of
617:
594:
352:
348:
85:
20:
2030:
Jazyki mira: Tjurkskije jazyki, p. 371. Moskva: Indrik, 1997.
1860:"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы"
1408:"Алимжан Орлов: Нижегородские татары - Потомки древней Мещеры"
904:
operated as representatives and translators in Russian court.
734:
The Mishars speak the western dialect of the Tatar language. (
3865:
3762:
3722:
3627:
3587:
3305:
3300:
3132:
2847:
2457:
1884:
1716:
1124:
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1679:, p. 322. Moskva: Bolšaja Rossijskaja entsiklopedija, 1994.
1153:Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы
986:
Sadek Abdulzhalilov (1829–1886) – sheikh, ulama, philosopher
920:. Majority of the Nizhny Novgorod Mishars currently live in
711:
called their dialect "faithfully close" to ancient Kipchak.
3861:
3853:
953:(1878–1954) - leading figure of the Tatar national movement
829:
677:
in 15-16th centuries. The existence of the ethnic toponyms
870:
Mishars are known to have partaken in the Cossack army of
2467:
2128:, 1996). Cited in Neparáczki, E., Maróti, Z., Kalmár, T.
2332:"LOTFULLA FATTAHOV: MARKING THE CENTENARY OF THE ARTIST"
1916:
Issues of early ethnic history of the Hungarians-Magyars
820:, which, according to the study, can be modeled as ~50%
1025:
Rifat Fattakhov (b. 1966) – journalist, cultural worker
760:
G. N. Akhmarov noticed a similarity in the Mishar and
1049:
Abdulvakhid Suleymanov (1786–1862) – third mufti of
303:(мещеряки), are the second largest subgroup of the
2384:"Cвященные ветла и камень Тараташ (село Актуково)"
2158:Leitzinger 1996, pp. 10 (Ishakov), 34 (Leitzinger)
1155:. Н. Новгород : Изд-во Нижегор. ун-та, 2001.
2190:Leitzinger 1996, pp. 8 (Ishakov), 35 (Leitzinger)
431:thought the name might come from a reconstructed
3881:
2268:"Четвертые "Фаизхановские чтения": первые итоги"
1465:Narody mira: Narody jevropeiskoi tšasti SSSR, II
2123:
784:. According to Orlov, the Mishars resemble the
568:Historian Alimzhan Orlov thinks the Mishars of
2398:"Габдулвахид Сулейманов - Вступительное слово"
2610:
2483:
1422:Etimologitšeski slovar russkogo jazyka, tom 2
1138:Mishäärit – Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö
989:Bedretdin Alimov (1870–1937) – first imam of
1881:TATARS: PROBLEMS of the HISTORY and LANGUAGE
1381:
2430:Tugan Tel - Kirjoituksia Suomen tataareista
2363:"Алия Мустафина – 16-летняя чемпионка мира"
2247:"Ислам в Москве: энциклопедический словарь"
2181:Leitzinger 1996, p. 8-9 (Salavat Ishkhakov)
2049:Tugan Tel - Kirjoituksia Suomen tataareista
1037:(b. 1994) – artistic gymnast (Tatar father)
2617:
2603:
2490:
2476:
2051:. Helsinki: Suomen Itämainen Seura, 2011.
1912:
727:Like the Tatar majority, Mishars also are
480:
45:
1696:
1433:
477:only came up after repeated questioning.
1325:Islam in the Nordic and Baltic Countries
1081:
1022:Lotfulla Fattakhov (1918–1981) – painter
939:
927:
857:
718:
580:
511:
485:Mishars are the second main subgroup of
355:. Mishars also comprise the majority of
76:
1744:Leitzinger (Salavat Ishakov) 1996, p. 7
1520:
1321:
853:
3882:
2455:
2378:
2376:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2120:Hungarian History in the Ninth Century
1632:
1630:
1628:
1538:
1424:, p. 616, 630. Moskva: Progress, 1986.
1251:
378:and like the Tatar majority, practice
295:(endonyms: мишәрләр, мишәр татарлары,
2598:
2471:
2286:"Бигичев Хайдар Аббасович(1949-1998)"
2087:
2085:
2083:
1806:
1804:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1752:
1750:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1565:
1534:
1532:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1191:Mishar religious figures (in Russian)
1001:Khaydar Bigichev (1949–1998) – singer
757:area. Russian loanwords also appear.
528:
1653:, pp. 638, 640. Moskva: Nauka, 1964.
1434:Кадимовна, Салахова Эльмира (2016).
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1312:Leitzinger 1996, p. 6 (S. Ishkhakov)
1040:Alimzhan Orlov (b. 1929) – historian
1019:(1823–1866) – historian, philologist
812:groups in the Volga region, notably
71:Regions with significant populations
2373:
2329:
2253:
2175:
1625:
13:
2624:
2080:
1890:
1866:
1842:
1801:
1777:
1747:
1651:Narody jevropeiskoi tšasti SSSR II
1595:
1529:
1486:Narody jevropeiskoi tšasti SSSR II
1356:
1252:Vovina, Olessia (September 2006).
1071:
1051:Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly
647:The Hungarian theory exists also.
14:
3916:
2169:"Нижегородские татары в XXI веке"
1969:UCLA Center for Near East Studies
1857:
1829:
1810:
1788:
1612:
1393:
1184:
723:Mosque in Mishar village Çümbäli.
696:UCLA Center for Near East Studies
3860:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
1877:ETHNIC ROOTS of the TATAR PEOPLE
1566:Frank, Allen J. (January 2001).
1105:, created by Ruslan Akmetdinov.
1013:(b. 1955) – hockey player, coach
223:
210:
197:
184:
171:
158:
145:
132:
119:
106:
93:
78:
51:Mishar Tatar couple, late 1800s.
2449:
2443:"Нижегородские татары кто они?"
2435:
2422:
2408:
2390:
2355:
2341:
2323:
2306:
2292:
2278:
2239:
2225:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2161:
2152:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2071:
2062:
2041:
2024:
2007:
1998:
1974:
1957:
1948:
1932:
1923:
1906:
1851:
1823:
1738:
1690:
1670:
1656:
1644:
1586:
1559:
1550:
1514:
1500:
1491:
1479:
1470:
1458:
1427:
1328:. Routledge. pp. 94, 103.
965:(1904–1983) - World War II hero
959:(1912–1992) - World War II hero
553:or performed military service.
537:, along the tributaries of the
351:. Many have since relocated to
1913:Rastoropov, Aleksandr (2015).
1769:Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
1488:, s. 636. Moskva: Nauka, 1964.
1467:, p. 638. Moskva: Nauka, 1964.
1414:
1342:
1315:
1306:
1245:
1220:
1208:
62:apprx. 2.3 million (or 1/3 of
1:
1697:Salakhova, Elmira K. (2016).
1677:Narody Rossii: entsiklopedija
1521:Rorlich, Azade-Ayshe (1986).
1261:Religion, State & Society
1201:
1151:Орлов, Алимжан Мустафинович:
1130:
907:
900:In 1400-1500s, the Tatars of
2428:Bedretdin, Kadriye (toim.):
2047:Bedretdin, Kadriye (toim.):
1382:Khayretdinov, Damir (2017).
576:
400:
16:Subgroup of the Volga Tatars
7:
1164: Parameter error in {{
1108:
884:Russian conquest of Siberia
803:
659:in 1235. They spoke to him
359:and Tatars living in other
299:), previously known as the
10:
3921:
2497:
2148:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5
2125:Szegedi Középkorász Műhely
2091:Leitzinger 1996, pp. 35-37
1476:Leitzinger 1996, pp. 33-34
1075:
931:
714:
507:
489:, the other one being the
18:
3842:
3806:
3780:
3525:
3483:
3429:
3401:
3199:
3141:
3108:
3027:
3004:
2961:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
2834:
2788:
2743:
2712:
2641:
2632:
2505:
2068:Leitzinger 1996, p. 35-37
1277:10.1080/09637490600819374
1179:(Archived online version)
1046:(b. 1980) – tennis player
877:French Invasion of Russia
311:, including the nowadays
297:mişärlär, mişär tatarları
278:
273:
266:
261:
246:
241:
75:
70:
61:
56:
44:
37:
3829:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
3497:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
2219:"Люди из Овечего Оврага"
1699:
1664:"The Tatars in Mordovia"
1539:Vovina, Olessia (2006).
1228:"Selçuk Üni̇versi̇tesi̇"
971:(b. 1948) - tennis coach
562:principality of Temnikov
3890:Ethnic groups in Russia
2986:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
2642:Azerbaijani communities
2416:"Юнусов Мухаммед-Зариф"
2300:"Зинэтула Билялетдинов"
1322:Larsson, Göran (2009).
1086:Minhacetdin Bedretdin,
1067:(b. 1966) - businessman
991:Moscow Cathedral Mosque
481:Mishars as Volga Tatars
409:(Мещерский юрт, Tatar:
388:Kipchak Turkic language
3819:Crimean Tatar diaspora
2996:Western Thracian Turks
2931:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
2208:Leitzinger 1996, p. 44
2199:Leitzinger 1996, p. 34
2124:
2109:Leitzinger 1996, p. 37
2004:Leitzinger 1996, p. 41
1592:Leitzinger 1996, p. 36
1556:Leitzinger 1996, p. 28
1440:Историческая этнология
1096:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
1091:
1031:(b. 1982) – footballer
1011:Zinetula Bilyaletdinov
1007:(b. 1985) – footballer
983:(b. 1991) - ski jumper
948:
863:
724:
590:
585:Mishar Tatar woman in
570:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
525:
518:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
153:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
3526:Extinct Turkic groups
3484:Turkic minorities in
3431:Turkic minorities in
3402:Turkic minorities in
3200:Turkic minorities in
2678:Georgian Azerbaijanis
1196:Life of Mishar Tatars
1085:
1005:Diniyar Bilyaletdinov
943:
928:Notable Mishar Tatars
861:
722:
584:
515:
274:Related ethnic groups
19:Further information:
3844:Central Asian (i.e.
3814:Azerbaijani diaspora
3151:Iranian Azerbaijanis
2789:Turkmen communities
2685:Western Azerbaijanis
2655:Iranian Azerbaijanis
2456:Akmetdinov, Ruslan.
1709:Historical Ethnology
1136:Leitzinger, Antero:
1058:(1908–1962) – singer
854:Mishars and Russians
609:and Ugrian Magyars.
2835:Turkish communities
2701:Javanshir Qizilbash
1986:books.e-heritage.ru
684:Mordvinic languages
522:Sergachsky District
34:
3359:Siberian Bukharans
3161:Chaharmahali Turks
3142:Turkic minorities
3109:Turkic minorities
3028:Turkic minorities
2744:Kyrgyz communities
2713:Kazakh communities
2314:"ХУСАИН ФАИЗХАНОВ"
2137:Scientific Reports
1763:2014-04-08 at the
1115:Eastern Hungarians
1092:
969:Shamil Tarpishchev
949:
864:
742:. Some linguists (
736:The Mishar Dialect
725:
666:Hungarian speaking
653:Eastern Hungarians
591:
529:Regional formation
526:
370:Mishars speak the
32:
3877:
3876:
3776:
3775:
3687:
3680:
3641:
3517:Tatars of Romania
3490:
3459:
3416:Mongolian Kazakhs
3387:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3094:
3060:
2971:Palestinian Turks
2966:Montenegrin Turks
2890:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2820:
2811:
2804:
2764:
2735:Mongolian Kazakhs
2703:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2592:
2591:
2057:978-951-9380-78-0
1944:978-963-9987-35-7
1902:978-963-9987-35-7
1335:978-0-415-48519-7
1103:tatargenealogy.ru
1017:Husain Faizkhanov
998:(b. 1974) – actor
977:(b. 1978) - boxer
945:Husain Faizkhanov
740:Kipchak languages
622:Ivan the Terrible
607:Kipchaks / Cumans
516:Mishar Tatars in
289:
288:
3912:
3824:Turkish diaspora
3683:
3676:
3637:
3488:
3470:Karategin Uzbeks
3455:
3383:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3317:Astrakhan Tatars
3315:
3280:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3186:Iranian Turkmens
3118:Crimean Karaites
3090:
3056:
2956:Macedonian Turks
2921:Dodecanese Turks
2886:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2818:Iranian Turkmens
2816:
2807:
2800:
2760:
2699:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2639:
2638:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2582:Astrakhan Tatars
2492:
2485:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2433:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2400:. Archived from
2394:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2365:. Archived from
2359:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2330:Safarov, Marat.
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2270:. Archived from
2264:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2233:"Фамилия Алимов"
2229:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2142:, 16569 (2019).
2127:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2045:
2039:
2028:
2022:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1978:
1972:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1834:. Archived from
1830:Орлов, Алимжан.
1827:
1821:
1820:
1815:. Archived from
1811:Орлов, Алимжан.
1808:
1799:
1798:
1793:. Archived from
1789:Орлов, Алимжан.
1786:
1775:
1774:
1754:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1706:
1694:
1688:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1623:
1622:
1617:. Archived from
1613:Орлов, Алимжан.
1610:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1230:. Archived from
1224:
1218:
1217:, 2016, page 273
1212:
1169:
981:Ilmir Hazetdinov
830:Hun/Xiongnu-like
797:and tradition."
671:magyar>mozhar
640:, and others to
624:, were named as
565:regional names.
229:
227:
226:
216:
214:
213:
205:Volgograd Oblast
203:
201:
200:
190:
188:
187:
177:
175:
174:
164:
162:
161:
151:
149:
148:
138:
136:
135:
127:Ulyanovsk Oblast
125:
123:
122:
112:
110:
109:
99:
97:
96:
88:
84:
82:
81:
57:Total population
49:
35:
31:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3838:
3834:Kazakh diaspora
3802:
3772:
3521:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3441:Afghan Turkmens
3432:
3425:
3403:
3397:
3352:Siberian Tatars
3276:
3201:
3195:
3191:Iranian Kazakhs
3171:Khorasani Turks
3143:
3137:
3110:
3104:
3047:Chinese Kazakhs
3029:
3023:
3006:
3005:Turkic peoples
3000:
2901:Bulgarian Turks
2877:Abkhazian Turks
2830:
2802:Afghan Turkmens
2784:
2739:
2730:Iranian Kazakhs
2725:Chinese Kazakhs
2708:
2628:
2623:
2593:
2588:
2501:
2496:
2466:
2465:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2046:
2042:
2029:
2025:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1911:
1907:
1895:
1891:
1873:Mirfatyh Zakiev
1871:
1867:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1828:
1824:
1809:
1802:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1765:Wayback Machine
1755:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1626:
1611:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1432:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1187:
1168:}}: length
1163:
1133:
1111:
1080:
1074:
1072:Finnish Mishars
1035:Aliya Mustafina
963:Hamzya Bogdanov
957:Ali Abderazakov
936:
930:
910:
856:
806:
766:Siberian Tatars
717:
705:Codex Cumanicus
688:Volga Bulgarian
587:Nizhny Novgorod
579:
531:
510:
483:
407:Mescherski Yurt
403:
372:western dialect
341:Nizhny Novgorod
237:1.5–2.3 million
224:
222:
218:Orenburg Oblast
211:
209:
198:
196:
185:
183:
172:
170:
159:
157:
146:
144:
133:
131:
120:
118:
107:
105:
94:
92:
79:
77:
52:
40:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3918:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3900:Finnish Tatars
3897:
3892:
3875:
3874:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:Yenisei Kyrgyz
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3502:Finnish Tatars
3499:
3493:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
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3123:Crimean Tatars
3120:
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3066:Chinese Uzbeks
3063:
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3052:Chinese Kyrgyz
3049:
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3042:Chinese Tatars
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3016:
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3008:
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2991:Tunisian Turks
2988:
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2976:Romanian Turks
2973:
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2946:Lebanese Turks
2943:
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2923:
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2906:Croatian Turks
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2882:Algerian Turks
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2626:Turkic peoples
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2404:on 2016-03-04.
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2369:on 2012-02-01.
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2274:on 2009-07-01.
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1963:Agnes Kefeli:
1956:
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1841:
1838:on 2012-06-08.
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1800:
1797:on 2012-06-08.
1776:
1756:M. Z. Zekiyev
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1711:(in Russian).
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1078:Finnish Tatars
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1065:Rinat Akhmetov
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1056:Rashid Vagapov
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934:List of Tatars
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826:Sarmatian-like
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1350:"Мишәр йорты"
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1234:on 2018-01-31
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3512:Lipka Tatars
3385:Tozhu Tuvans
3345:Volga Tatars
3330:
3058:Akto Turkmen
2951:Libyan Turks
2911:Cretan Turks
2826:Akto Turkmen
2775:Tajik Kyrgyz
2762:Akto Turkmen
2649:Azerbaijanis
2544:
2530:Tobol-Irtysh
2524:
2517:
2510:
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2437:
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2424:
2410:
2402:the original
2392:
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2272:the original
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2009:
2000:
1989:. Retrieved
1985:
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1915:
1908:
1892:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1853:
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1836:the original
1825:
1817:the original
1795:the original
1773:(in Turkish)
1768:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1712:
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1646:
1619:the original
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1296:. Retrieved
1264:
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1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
1222:
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1161:5-8746-407-8
1152:
1137:
1120:Friar Julian
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888:Don Cossacks
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872:Stenka Razin
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814:Volga Tatars
807:
799:
795:
793:Peninsula."
774:
770:Altai people
759:
752:
733:
729:Sunni Muslim
726:
693:
678:
670:
655:he found in
649:Friar Julian
646:
630:Don Cossacks
615:
611:
592:
567:
555:
543:Golden Horde
532:
503:
499:
495:
487:Volga Tatars
484:
474:
464:
459:
448:Meshcheryaki
447:
443:
441:
436:
426:
413:
410:
404:
394:
392:
384:Golden Horde
369:
305:Volga Tatars
301:Meshcheryaki
300:
296:
292:
290:
280:Kazan Tatars
101:Penza Oblast
64:Volga Tatars
29:Ethnic group
3733:Toquz Oghuz
3672:Oghuz Turks
3639:Sir-Kıvchak
3433:Afghanistan
3176:Qarai Turks
3092:Tor Uyghurs
3071:Fuyu Kyrgyz
3019:Karakalpaks
2888:Kouloughlis
2692:Karapapakhs
2118:Kristó, G.
2059:. (p. 265).
1044:Marat Safin
951:Ayaz İshaki
918:Volga River
828:, and ~15%
748:Samoylovich
411:Mişär yortı
380:Sunni Islam
367:countries.
347:regions of
268:Sunni Islam
3884:Categories
2780:Van Kyrgyz
2662:Shahsevans
1991:2023-06-19
1638:"Мишәрләр"
1238:2018-04-21
1202:References
1131:Literature
932:See also:
908:Population
879:. (1812).
822:Mansi-like
709:Leitzinger
651:describes
535:Sura river
3807:Diasporas
3748:Xueyantuo
3738:Uriankhai
3685:Pechenegs
3678:Turkomans
3652:Kutrigurs
3324:Kryashens
3286:Kumandins
3267:Karachays
3247:Besermyan
3222:Telengits
3128:Krymchaks
3111:in Crimea
3076:Ili Turks
2669:Küresünni
2570:Kryashens
1875:. (1995)
1725:2619-1636
1572:. BRILL.
1452:2587-9286
1285:1465-3974
1269:Routledge
848:hydronyms
841:Karachays
661:Hungarian
657:Bashkiria
577:Ancestors
560:, though
551:yasak tax
471:Kryashens
433:Mordvinic
427:Linguist
422:Meshchera
401:Etymology
333:Ulyanovsk
317:Tatarstan
284:Kryashens
242:Languages
166:Tatarstan
140:Chuvashia
3858:Turkmens
3846:Turkmeni
3703:Saragurs
3647:Kurykans
3633:Kipchaks
3618:Keraites
3603:Göktürks
3593:Dughlats
3583:Dingling
3553:Berendei
3404:Mongolia
3374:Tofalars
3338:Nağaybäk
3242:Bashkirs
3229:Tubalars
3215:Chelkans
3209:Altaians
3030:in China
2862:Tahtacıs
2855:Muhacirs
2796:Turkmens
2575:Nağaybäk
2525:Siberian
1761:Archived
1508:"Мишари"
1293:53454004
1176:54625854
1109:See also
818:Bashkirs
804:Genetics
788:and the
786:Karaites
777:paganism
634:Karamzin
547:Kipchaks
460:möselman
337:Orenburg
313:Mordovia
262:Religion
114:Mordovia
3870:Ottoman
3854:Iranian
3850:Afghani
3798:Mughals
3793:Hazaras
3743:Utigurs
3718:Türgesh
3693:Onogurs
3667:Nushibi
3662:Naimans
3623:Khazars
3613:Karluks
3568:Chigils
3563:Bulgars
3548:Barsils
3486:Europe
3465:Ansarlu
3411:Khotons
3369:Teleuts
3262:Dolgans
3257:Chuvash
3252:Chulyms
3237:Balkars
3181:Qashqai
3166:Khalajs
3144:in Iran
3086:Uyghurs
2809:Ansarlu
2720:Kazakhs
2634:Peoples
2562:Mishars
2511:Crimean
2351:. 2016.
1965:"Tatar"
1730:4 April
1298:4 April
824:, ~35%
790:Balkars
782:Chuvash
715:Culture
642:Siberia
603:Khazars
599:Bulgars
508:History
467:Chuvash
437:ḿeškär,
374:of the
256:Russian
25:Tartary
3866:Syrian
3788:Abdals
3781:Others
3768:Yabaku
3758:Yueban
3708:Shatuo
3698:Sabirs
3657:Merkit
3608:Kangly
3598:Esegel
3578:Cumans
3558:Bulaqs
3543:Basmyl
3507:Gagauz
3457:Timuri
3451:Aimaqs
3446:Afshar
3393:Yakuts
3379:Tuvans
3311:Tatars
3306:Soyots
3296:Nogais
3291:Kumyks
3278:Koibal
3272:Khakas
3202:Russia
3156:Afshar
3100:Yugurs
3014:Uzbeks
2869:Yörüks
2751:Kyrgyz
2556:Ostyak
2553:Noqrat
2550:Kazan
2534:Baraba
2499:Tatars
2130:et al.
2055:
2034:
2017:
1942:
1900:
1879:. In:
1771:73–86
1723:
1683:
1576:
1450:
1332:
1291:
1283:
1174:
1159:
1144:
922:Moscow
810:Turkic
762:Kazakh
744:Radlov
701:Radlov
618:Cumans
595:Burtas
475:Mishar
452:feudal
444:Tatars
395:Tatars
365:Baltic
361:Nordic
353:Moscow
349:Russia
345:Samara
325:Ryazan
228:
215:
202:
189:
176:
163:
150:
137:
124:
111:
98:
86:Russia
83:
21:Tatars
3862:Iraqi
3763:Yagma
3728:Torks
3723:Tuhsi
3713:Tiele
3628:Kimek
3588:Duolu
3421:Dukha
3301:Shors
3133:Urums
3081:Salar
2848:Gajal
2842:Turks
2566:Qasim
2545:Volga
2538:Tomsk
2518:Lipka
2335:(PDF)
2317:(PDF)
1885:Kazan
1767:. In
1717:Kazan
1715:(2).
1705:(PDF)
1544:(PDF)
1387:(PDF)
1289:S2CID
1267:(3).
1257:(PDF)
1125:Aktuk
895:there
834:Turks
755:Kadom
675:Tatar
491:Kazan
435:word
329:Penza
309:Volga
252:Tatar
3864:and
3852:and
3533:Alat
3037:Äynu
2053:ISBN
2032:ISBN
2015:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1732:2019
1721:ISSN
1681:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1448:ISSN
1330:ISBN
1300:2019
1281:ISSN
1172:OCLC
1166:ISBN
1157:ISBN
1142:ISBN
816:and
768:and
456:Tsar
363:and
343:and
291:The
23:and
2144:doi
2122:. (
1273:doi
890:".
836:".
539:Oka
250:of
3886::
3856:)
3848:,
3538:Az
2375:^
2255:^
2135:.
2082:^
1984:.
1971:.
1967:,
1883:.
1803:^
1779:^
1749:^
1707:.
1627:^
1597:^
1531:^
1442:.
1438:.
1395:^
1358:^
1287:.
1279:.
1271:.
1265:34
1263:.
1259:.
1170:,
924:.
772:.
746:,
731:.
707:.
644:.
605:,
601:,
597:,
545:,
524:.
520:,
462:.
420:.
397:.
390:.
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
323:,
319:,
315:,
282:,
254:,
89::
2618:e
2611:t
2604:v
2491:e
2484:t
2477:v
2460:.
2445:.
2418:.
2386:.
2337:.
2319:.
2302:.
2288:.
2249:.
2235:.
2221:.
2171:.
2146::
2140:9
2038:.
2021:.
1994:.
1887:.
1862:.
1734:.
1713:1
1687:.
1666:.
1640:.
1582:.
1546:.
1525:.
1510:.
1454:.
1444:1
1410:.
1389:.
1352:.
1338:.
1302:.
1275::
1241:.
1148:.
414:)
66:)
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