86:
390:
854:(subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
377:
67:
1006:
Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and
Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."
1646:
873:(subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
894:
C. E Bosworth, University of
Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in
958:
The situation between the two nations was complicated by the 1957–1959 uprising by
Tibetans against Chinese rule. Refugees poured across the Indian border, and the Indian public was outraged. Any compromise with China on the border issue became impossible. Similarly, China was offended that India
981:
Territorial
Dispute: The situation along the Sino-Indian frontier continued to worsen. In late July (1959), an Indian reconnaissance patrol was blocked, "apprehended," and eventually expelled after three weeks in custody at the hands of a larger Chinese force near Khurnak Fort in Aksai Chin. ...
1005:
Quote: "J&K: Jammu and
Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions:
835:
in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).
937:
Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and
Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
982:
Circumstances worsened further in
October 1959, when a major class at Kongka Pass in eastern Ladakh led to nine dead and ten captured Indian border personnel, making it by far the most serious Sino-Indian class since India's independence.
85:
959:
had given political asylum to the Dalai Lama when he fled across the border in March 1959. In late 1959, there were shots fired between border patrols operating along both the ill-defined McMahon Line and in the Aksai Chin.
535:) is sufficient to impede understanding. Mirpuri speakers have a strong sense of Kashmiri identity that takes precedence over linguistic identification with closely related groups outside of Azad Kashmir, such as the
1190:
365:. The Mirpur District has a population of 456,200 and covers an area of 1,010 km (390 sq mi). The district is mainly mountainous with some plains. The Mirpur District has a
1419:
Hallberg, Calinda E.; O'Leary, Clare F. (1992). "Dialect
Variation and Multilingualism among Gujars of Pakistan". In O'Leary, Clare F.; Rensch, Calvin R.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (eds.).
1425:. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 91–196.
1586:
1027:
Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of
Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";
491:
The main language, native to an estimated 85% of the district's population, is known under a number of sometimes ambiguous names. Its speakers call it with various names:
405:. According to the 1941 census, the it had a population of 386,655, roughly 80% of whom were Muslim and 16% of whom were Hindu. It consisted of three tehsils: the
546:
is spoken by an estimated 10% of the population. The local dialect is closely related to the Gujari varieties spoken in the rest of Azad
Kashmir and in the
1579:
916:
Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
107:
1338:
1342:
1572:
827:
The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the
1048:
Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."
531:– and shares with them between 77% and 84% of its basic vocabulary, although the difference with the northernmost varieties (in
1536:(2001). "What happened to Muslims in Jammu? Local identity, '"the massacre" of 1947' and the roots of the 'Kashmir problem'".
1514:
1451:
1314:
1042:
1021:
999:
951:
931:
910:
888:
1191:"November 25, 1947 Mirpur massacre: An ill-fated day that reminds us of injustice and infringement, brutality and bloodshed"
1083:
1731:
1409:
402:
66:
1430:
974:
56:
149:
294:
17:
393:
Azad Kashmir with the Mirpur Division (roughly coterminous with the pre-1947 Mirpur District) highlighted in red
197:
507:, while some label it as Punjabi. Sociolinguists have regarded it as one of the three major dialects of the
1107:
840:
1700:
441:
366:
1726:
31:
900:
1011:
989:
878:
389:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1595:
1441:
1032:
921:
532:
519:. Mirpur Pahari is mutually intelligible with the other two major dialects – Pothwari of the
330:
161:
425:
were subsequently promoted to district status. The three districts presently constitute the
362:
176:
8:
1533:
1502:
1470:
737:
638:
613:
457:
358:
1462:
1705:
1553:
1486:
1332:
828:
480:
461:
1358:, pp. 111–12. The variety surveyed is from Kotli, to the north of Mirpur District
460:
stated that the people of Mirpur area had a strong desire to join Pakistan during the
1557:
1510:
1490:
1447:
1426:
1405:
1320:
1310:
1038:
1017:
995:
970:
947:
942:
Skutsch, Carl (2015) , "China: Border War with India, 1962", in Ciment, James (ed.),
927:
906:
884:
658:
1625:
1545:
1482:
777:
712:
524:
516:
449:
445:
434:
376:
350:
342:
1013:
An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century
1695:
1682:
1672:
1617:
1399:
1058:
732:
707:
692:
628:
543:
520:
508:
468:
426:
401:, the Mirpur District was one of the five districts of the Jammu Province in the
370:
354:
346:
337:'s territory of Azad Kashmir. The Mirpur District is bounded on the north by the
278:
166:
373:
and the Jhelum District, the adjoining districts of Pakistan's Punjab Province.
1630:
1420:
762:
338:
1549:
859:
1720:
1690:
1494:
1324:
832:
747:
727:
653:
618:
608:
571:
547:
414:
309:
122:
109:
1564:
1609:
1599:
797:
772:
623:
593:
430:
319:
154:
91:
1212:
717:
697:
398:
323:
1071:
902:
Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M
767:
687:
677:
663:
527:
Province and the Pahari spoken to the north in Azad Kashmir and around
1526:"Languages of Erstwhile State of Jammu Kashmir (A Preliminary Study)"
1349:
1304:
782:
742:
702:
648:
433:. Small portions of the former Mirpur District were included in the
1525:
603:
536:
334:
142:
456:
and the rest of the Jammu Province. Due to those reasons, scholar
792:
722:
682:
643:
598:
418:
406:
326:
95:
1645:
1368:
1260:
1108:"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification"
802:
787:
752:
566:
559:
528:
512:
472:
380:
Map of Azad Kashmir with the Mirpur District highlighted in red
969:, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 109,
967:
The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia
946:(2nd ed.), London and New York: Routledge, p. 573,
757:
633:
476:
453:
422:
410:
283:
1465:(Report). SIL Electronic Survey Reports. Vol. 2010–012.
1272:
1224:
1236:
923:
A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas
448:, had close geographic, ethnic, and cultural ties with the
265:
467:
In November 1947, the Mirpur District was the site of the
1473:(1979). "Problems of classification in Pakistan Panjab".
550:
region. Other languages spoken include Urdu and English.
483:, were killed by armed Pakistani tribesmen and soldiers.
1306:
Understanding Pakistan : emerging voices from india
1284:
1248:
1171:
1202:
1200:
1159:
1147:
1123:
558:
The district is administratively subdivided into two
994:, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293,
883:, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328,
1418:
1355:
1135:
1197:
823:
821:
819:
1509:. Oxford linguistics Y. Oxford University Press.
37:District of Azad Kashmir administered by Pakistan
1718:
511:language complex, which is intermediate between
816:
1505:(2007). "Pakistan". In Simpson, Andrew (ed.).
1460:
1278:
1266:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1084:"Census 2017: AJK population rises to over 4m"
1594:
1580:
1463:Pahari and Pothwari: a sociolinguistic survey
440:The original Mirpur District, along with the
361:. The district is named after its main city,
1337:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
944:Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II
357:of Punjab, Pakistan, and on the west by its
27:District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
1303:Sonstige., Joseph C., Mathew 1966- (2017).
1016:, Cambridge University Press, p. 166,
1587:
1573:
1538:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
1341:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
991:Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace
437:of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
318:) is a district of Pakistan-administered
314:
47:
1461:Lothers, Michael; Lothers, Laura (2010).
1446:. Lancer Publishers LLC. pp. 29–32.
1302:
926:, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29,
898:
582:Notable villages in the district include:
486:
1475:Transactions of the Philological Society
905:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–,
388:
375:
104:Coordinates (Mirpur, Azad Kashmir):
71:Mirpur is the capital of Mirpur district
1532:
1501:
1469:
1369:"Tehsils of Mirpur District on AJK map"
1290:
1254:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1037:, Oxford University Press, p. 10,
1030:
941:
14:
1719:
1523:
1507:Language and national identity in Asia
1397:
1206:
1141:
1009:
919:
1568:
1439:
1129:
1065:
964:
987:
857:
452:area, more so than with the city of
369:which closely resembles that of the
215: • District Health Officer
207: • District Police Officer
30:For other places called Mirpur, see
1034:Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris
842:Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent
403:princely state of Jammu and Kashmir
313:
231:1,010 km (390 sq mi)
24:
1487:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x
94:(shaded in green) in the disputed
78:Interactive map of Mirpur district
25:
1743:
1644:
861:Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia
670:
586:
84:
65:
1398:Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007).
1391:
1361:
1296:
1183:
1443:Kashmir The Troubled Frontiers
1100:
1076:
1051:
899:Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003),
13:
1:
1440:Karim, Maj Gen Afsir (2013).
1031:Snedden, Christopher (2015),
809:
553:
831:(a) through (e), reflecting
329:region. It is one of the 10
7:
1404:. Pearson Education India.
1356:Hallberg & O'Leary 1992
1221:, pp. 2–3, 5, 19, 100.
1010:Fisher, Michael H. (2018),
965:Clary, Christopher (2022),
577:
353:, on the south-west by the
10:
1748:
1279:Lothers & Lothers 2010
1267:Lothers & Lothers 2010
1243:Lothers & Lothers 2010
1231:Lothers & Lothers 2010
1219:Lothers & Lothers 2010
864:, Encyclopaedia Britannica
845:, Encyclopaedia Britannica
384:
29:
1732:Districts of Azad Kashmir
1681:
1653:
1642:
1616:
1606:
1550:10.1080/00856400108723454
367:humid subtropical climate
292:
271:
261:
256:
252:452/km (1,170/sq mi)
248:
240:
235:
227:
222:
214:
206:
195:
187:
182:
172:
160:
148:
138:
103:
83:
76:
64:
54:
42:
479:, and refugees from the
59:administered by Pakistan
57:District of Azad Kashmir
46:
1524:Shakil, Mohsin (2012).
988:Bose, Sumantra (2009),
191:District Administration
90:Pakistani-administered
32:Mirpur (disambiguation)
880:Encyclopedia Americana
487:Language and ethnicity
394:
381:
345:, on the south by the
1375:. AJK Official Portal
392:
379:
341:, on the east by the
262: • Official
139:Administering country
123:33.15000°N 73.73333°E
1608:Provincial capital:
1534:Snedden, Christopher
1503:Shackle, Christopher
1471:Shackle, Christopher
1401:Demystifying Kashmir
1072:- Government Website
920:Talbot, Ian (2016),
249: • Density
858:Pletcher, Kenneth,
738:Ghaseetpur Sohalian
614:Kathar Dilawar Khan
458:Christopher Snedden
359:Rawalpindi District
272: • Spoken
198:Deputy Commissioner
119: /
395:
382:
241: • Total
228: • Total
128:33.15000; 73.73333
1714:
1713:
1516:978-0-19-922648-1
1453:978-1-935501-76-3
1422:Hindko and Gujari
1316:978-1-138-23490-1
1269:, pp. 2, 24.
1132:, pp. 29–32.
1044:978-1-84904-621-3
1023:978-1-107-11162-2
1001:978-0-674-02855-5
953:978-0-7656-8005-1
933:978-0-300-19694-8
912:978-0-415-93922-5
890:978-0-7172-0139-6
659:Thalarajwali Khan
539:of the Pothohar.
303:
302:
188: • Type
16:(Redirected from
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961:
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872:
871:
869:
853:
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829:tertiary sources
825:
446:Rajouri District
435:Rajouri District
351:Punjab, Pakistan
343:Bhimber District
317:
316:
134:
133:
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1727:Mirpur District
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1061:. 20 June 2023.
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855:
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846:
839:
837:
826:
817:
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807:
733:Ghaseetpur Awan
693:Chabrian Dattan
673:
668:
629:Mohra Sher Shah
589:
583:
580:
556:
544:Gujari language
521:Potohar Plateau
509:Pahari-Pothwari
489:
469:Mirpur Massacre
442:Poonch District
427:Mirpur Division
387:
371:Gujrat District
355:Jhelum District
347:Gujrat District
306:Mirpur District
288:
279:Pahari-Pothwari
167:Mirpur Division
127:
125:
121:
118:
113:
110:
108:
106:
105:
99:
79:
72:
60:
50:
45:
44:Mirpur District
38:
35:
28:
23:
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18:Mirpur district
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1613:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1544:(2): 111–134.
1530:
1521:
1515:
1499:
1481:(1): 191–210.
1467:
1458:
1452:
1437:
1431:
1416:
1411:978-8131708460
1410:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1360:
1348:
1315:
1295:
1293:, p. 114.
1283:
1271:
1259:
1257:, p. 201.
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1196:
1182:
1180:, p. 120.
1170:
1168:, p. 112.
1158:
1156:, p. 118.
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1134:
1122:
1099:
1075:
1064:
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1043:
1022:
1000:
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952:
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813:
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763:Kalyal Bhainsi
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419:Bhimber Tehsil
407:Bhimber Tehsil
386:
383:
339:Kotli District
301:
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1531:
1528:. p. 12.
1527:
1522:
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1500:
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1492:
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1455:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1432:969-8023-13-5
1428:
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1417:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:. Routledge.
1308:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1281:, p. 86.
1280:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1233:, p. 44.
1232:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1144:, p. 15.
1143:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1109:
1103:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1003:
997:
993:
992:
983:
978:
976:9780197638408
972:
968:
960:
955:
949:
945:
935:
929:
925:
924:
914:
908:
904:
903:
892:
886:
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881:
863:
862:
844:
843:
834:
830:
824:
822:
820:
815:
804:
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799:
796:
794:
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789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:Jangian Kotla
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
728:Dheri Thothal
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
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711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
671:Mirpur Tehsil
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:Siakh Pahaith
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
609:Haveli Baghal
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
587:Dadyal Tehsil
584:
573:
572:Mirpur Tehsil
570:
568:
567:Dadyal Tehsil
565:
564:
563:
561:
551:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Mirpur Pahari
494:
484:
482:
478:
474:
471:, where many
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:Mirpur Tehsil
412:
408:
404:
400:
391:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
311:
307:
298:
296:
291:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
274:
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267:
264:
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255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
230:
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221:
217:
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209:
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196: •
194:
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159:
156:
153:
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147:
144:
141:
137:
132:
102:
97:
93:
87:
82:
75:
68:
63:
58:
53:
41:
33:
19:
1668:Muzaffarabad
1663:Hattian Bala
1655:Muzaffarabad
1635:
1610:Muzaffarabad
1600:Azad Kashmir
1541:
1537:
1506:
1478:
1474:
1442:
1421:
1400:
1392:Bibliography
1377:. Retrieved
1372:
1363:
1351:
1305:
1298:
1291:Shackle 2007
1286:
1274:
1262:
1255:Shackle 1979
1250:
1245:, p. 2.
1238:
1226:
1214:
1185:
1178:Snedden 2001
1173:
1166:Snedden 2001
1161:
1154:Snedden 2001
1149:
1137:
1125:
1114:. Retrieved
1102:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:
1078:
1067:
1053:
1033:
1012:
990:
980:
966:
957:
943:
922:
901:
879:
866:, retrieved
860:
847:, retrieved
841:
798:Potha Bainsi
773:Khari Sharif
624:Mohra Malkan
581:
557:
541:
533:Muzaffarabad
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
466:
439:
431:Azad Kashmir
423:Kotli Tehsil
411:Kotli Tehsil
396:
320:Azad Kashmir
305:
304:
173:Headquarters
155:Azad Kashmir
92:Azad Kashmir
1379:18 November
1207:Shakil 2012
1142:Behera 2007
877:"Kashmir",
718:Chitterpari
698:Chak Haryam
450:West Punjab
399:British Raj
397:During the
126: /
1721:Categories
1373:ajk.gov.pk
1130:Karim 2013
1116:2023-08-27
1093:2017-09-01
1088:The Nation
833:due weight
810:References
768:Kas Kalyal
688:Arah Jagir
678:Abdulahpur
664:Thub Jagir
554:Government
413:, and the
315:ضلع میرپور
293:Number of
236:Population
183:Government
48:ضلع میرپور
1706:Sudhanoti
1596:Districts
1558:143991832
1495:0079-1636
1333:cite book
1325:991571023
1059:"Kashmir"
868:16 August
849:15 August
783:Mehmunpur
743:Islamgarh
703:Chakswari
649:Sarthalla
481:partition
462:partition
331:districts
257:Languages
150:Territory
114:73°44′0″E
713:Chechian
604:Chattroh
578:Villages
537:Punjabis
505:Pothwari
444:and the
421:and the
335:Pakistan
324:disputed
162:Division
143:Pakistan
111:33°9′0″N
1626:Bhimber
895:1947";
793:Pakhral
778:Khokhar
723:Dalyala
683:Abdupur
644:Sahalia
599:Balathi
560:tehsils
523:in the
517:Punjabi
501:Mirpuri
385:History
327:Kashmir
322:in the
295:Tehsils
244:456,200
96:Kashmir
1701:Poonch
1696:Haveli
1683:Poonch
1673:Neelum
1636:Mirpur
1618:Mirpur
1556:
1513:
1493:
1450:
1429:
1408:
1323:
1313:
1041:
1020:
998:
973:
950:
930:
909:
887:
803:Sahang
788:Nagial
753:Jatlan
708:Chatan
548:Hazara
529:Murree
525:Punjab
513:Lahnda
503:, and
493:Pahari
473:Hindus
417:. The
409:, the
363:Mirpur
177:Mirpur
98:region
1631:Kotli
1554:S2CID
1111:(PDF)
758:Kakra
639:Ratta
634:Rajoa
619:Mandi
477:Sikhs
454:Jammu
284:Gojri
1691:Bagh
1511:ISBN
1491:ISSN
1448:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1381:2019
1343:link
1339:link
1321:OCLC
1311:ISBN
1039:ISBN
1029:(j)
1018:ISBN
1008:(i)
996:ISBN
986:(h)
971:ISBN
963:(g)
948:ISBN
940:(f)
928:ISBN
918:(e)
907:ISBN
897:(d)
885:ISBN
875:(c)
870:2019
856:(b)
851:2019
838:(a)
542:The
515:and
310:Urdu
266:Urdu
223:Area
1598:of
1546:doi
1483:doi
594:Amb
429:of
349:of
333:of
218:N/A
210:N/A
202:N/A
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