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270:. The name 'Mindar' was proposed by Ogawa Kōhei, a roboticist at Osaka University. Mindar is not powered by artificial intelligence, though the designers originally had aspirations of endowing the android with machine-learning capabilities. Gotō said "This robot will never die; it will just keep updating itself and evolving. With AI, we hope it will grow in wisdom to help people overcome even the most difficult troubles. It's changing Buddhism."
196:
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describes a field study based on interviews with people who had heard Mindar's sermon. The paper indicates that people do not assign android preachers the same credibility as they do for human preachers. The authors conclude that the automation of religious duties would likely result in a reduction
396:
Public reception of Mindar has been mixed. A survey by Osaka
University found that some people found the android easy to follow, surprisingly human-like, and warm, while others said that it felt unnatural or fake, with expressions that seemed engineered. Several people who have listened to Mindar's
242:
The
Android Kannon Production Committee was established in September 2017 and included staff from Kōdai-ji as well as engineers from Osaka University. Ishiguro proposed that the 'Alter' model of robot be used as a prototype. The subject matter of Mindar's sermon was determined by Buddhist monks of
364:, addressing concepts of compassion and emptiness within Buddhism. Chinese and English subtitles are projected on the back wall of the room. In the pre-programmed sermon's introduction, a spotlight shines on Mindar, and the android begins speaking. It refers to itself as the bodhisattva, saying:
319:
body made from aluminum with silicone skin covering its face, hands, and shoulders. Mindar stands on a platform and does not have working legs. It is capable of blinking and smiling, and moves its head, torso, and arms through air hydraulics. Mindar accompanies its preaching with a variety of
397:
sermon have cried, with some considering the shadow cast by the android to be the "real" Kannon. Foreigners, especially those from
Western countries, have been more critical of the android. Some raised concerns that the android upset the sanctity of religion, while others likened Mindar to
295:, debuted in the late 1920s and could write calligraphy, change its facial expression, and move its head and hands through an air pressure mechanism. As a religion-oriented android, Mindar was preceded by other 21st-century robots, including the Chinese chatbot
330:
by focusing on a person. The top of Mindar's skull is exposed, showing blinking lights and wires within its cranial cavity. Similarly most of the android's body is not covered in silicone, exposing wires and servo motors. Similar to
Ishiguro's
376:, including the projection of a virtual audience on the walls of the room. Mindar interacts with members of the projected audience, answering their questions in a pre-programmed dialogue. The sermon ends with Mindar chanting the
388:
Mindar's introduction in 2019 received international news coverage. Media coverage focused on the novelty of a robot preacher, the cost of the project, and the potential for Mindar to change perceptions about
281:(US$ 227,250). A traditional Buddhist ceremony was held for the android upon its introduction to the public in March 2019. The ceremony was attended by monks and included chanting, bell-ringing, and drumming.
165:(US$ 909,090). Mindar was unveiled to the public at a ceremony in March 2019. Its 25-minute pre-programmed sermon was written by monks and addresses the Buddhist concepts of emptiness and compassion.
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970:
1051:"Does AI Have Buddha-Nature? Reflections on the Metaphysical, Soteriological, and Ethical Dimensions of Including Humanoid Robots in Religious Rituals from one Mahāyāna Buddhist Perspective"
273:
The android Kannon was constructed at a robotics laboratory at Osaka
University. Ogawa Kōhei engineered the android and it was completed in February 2019. The total cost of the project was
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Mindar is situated within the Kōdai-ji temple complex at Kyōka Hall. Its sermons are open to the public, and are typically given twice daily on
Saturdays and Sundays.
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368:"As Kannon Bodhisattva, I can transcend time and space and transform into anything. As you can see, I have decided to meet you all in the form of an android..."
157:. Construction of the 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) tall android began in 2017 at Osaka University's robotics laboratory. Development of the android cost
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262:, and Unrin'in Sōseki of Reigen-in. They devised a narrative explaining the Buddhist concepts of compassion and emptiness, based on works by
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219:'s teachings, though it was determined that a single robot would be preferable from a technical standpoint. A monologue on the
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visited Kōdai-ji in July 2017. Gotō Tenshō, then the temple's chief steward, suggested to
Ishiguro the creation of a robotic
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Mindar is a stationary, 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) tall android, weighing 60 kg (130 lb). It has a slender
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698:"Modelling emotion, perfecting heart: disassembling technologies of affect with an android bodhisattva in Japan"
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were produced in Japan from the 17th century and the country's first robot, the 11 ft (3.4 m)
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robots, Mindar has an androgynous appearance. The voice has been described as feminine and soothing.
412:. It concludes that Mindar could be considered an authentic incarnation of Kannon were it to become
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The multimedia presentation is accompanied by operatic piano music and augmented through 360-degree
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Jackson, Joshua Conrad; Yam, Kai Chi; Tang, Pok Man; Liu, Ting; Shariff, Azim (December 2023).
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482:) refers to "mind", though a monk from the committee described the name as referring more to
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215:. They met again two months later and initially considered having several robots discussing
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Mindar was designed through a collaboration between staff of Kōdai-ji and roboticists from
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1022:[Buddha statues evolve! The impact brought by the android Kannon 'Mindar'].
859:"Pepper Now Available at Funerals as a More Affordable Alternative to Human Priests"
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Mindar has historical precedents that were drawn on by its designers. Mechanized
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840:"The future of funerals? Robot priest launched to undercut human-led rites"
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963:"Japanese temple creates robot priest to help make Buddhism fun again"
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was chosen and it was decided that the android would take the form of
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mentions that Kannon is capable of manifesting in various forms.
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739:"Press Announcement - The Android Kannan (Buddha of Compassion)"
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924:"The In-Credible Robot Priest and the Limits of Robot Workers"
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1100:"Exposure to robot preachers undermines religious commitment"
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Ishiguro
Hiroshi is a roboticist who in part designed Mindar.
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512:"The Android and the Fax: Robots, AI and Buddhism in Japan"
303:(produced 2015–2021), which could be programmed to perform
277:(US$ 909,090), though development of the android only cost
1203:
582:"Robot helps spread Buddhist teachings at a Kyoto temple"
811:['100 million yen robot Kannon' Mindar's aim].
161:(US$ 227,250), while the total cost of the project was
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discusses whether androids such as Mindar can express
1055:
Frontiers in
Artificial Intelligence and Applications
486:, the Japanese term for heart, than the English term.
893:"The android priest that's revolutionizing Buddhism"
779:"An Ancient Japanese Shrine Debuts a Buddhist Robot"
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rites, including chanting sutras and banging drums.
922:Joshua Conrad Jackson; Kai Chi Yam (25 July 2023).
358:Mindar gives a 25-minute sermon in Japanese on the
1097:
1704:
461:Kannon is the Japanese name for the bodhisattva
320:gestures, such as joining its palms together in
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696:White, Daniel; Katsuno, Hirofumi (March 2023).
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138:temple. It was created to represent and embody
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1107:Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
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628:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 149–150.
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891:Hardingham-Gill, Tamara (29 August 2019).
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744:. Kōdai-ji Zen Temple. 23 February 2019.
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809:""1億円のロボット観音"マインダーの狙い 「仏像独特の空気」は感じないが…"
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1655:List of fictional robots and androids
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1161:at the Kōdai-ji website (in Japanese)
1136:from the original on 22 February 2024
973:from the original on 18 November 2023
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347:Mindar gives sermons from within the
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995:(in Japanese). Kōdai-ji Zen Temple.
751:from the original on 1 November 2022
592:from the original on 25 January 2024
433:Buddhism and artificial intelligence
406:Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
1582:Battlefield Extraction-Assist Robot
1194:
946:
903:from the original on 1 January 2024
881:
777:Siripala, Thisanka (5 March 2019).
510:Baffelli, Erica (18 October 2021).
13:
934:from the original on 2 August 2023
658:Samuel, Sigal (9 September 2019).
642:
419:Journal of Experimental Psychology
180:temple established in 1606 in the
14:
1774:
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1079:from the original on 20 June 2024
1049:Kopf, Gereon (15 December 2020).
1020:"仏像は進化する！ アンドロイド観音「マインダー」がもたらす衝撃"
999:from the original on 2 April 2024
869:from the original on 1 April 2024
857:Ackerman, Evan (22 August 2017).
580:Tominaga, Suzuka (8 April 2023).
1030:from the original on 14 May 2023
838:Gibbs, Samuel (23 August 2017).
819:from the original on 22 May 2024
789:from the original on 4 June 2023
233:associated with compassion. The
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720:from the original on 2024-05-22
670:from the original on 8 May 2024
550:from the original on 1 May 2024
128:regularly gives sermons on the
815:(in Japanese). 27 March 2019.
531:10.30687/978-88-6969-527-8/012
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1:
813:President Online（プレジデントオンライン）
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1763:Tourist attractions in Kyoto
1753:2019 establishments in Japan
1018:小川浩平; 後藤典生 (27 April 2019).
519:Ca' Foscari Japanese Studies
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146:associated with compassion.
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1348:Murata Boy and Murata Girl
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169:Background and development
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16:Buddhist android preacher
1748:Japanese Buddhist clergy
993:"アンドロイド観音 マインダー 般若心経を語る"
967:South China Morning Post
620:Takeshi, Kimura (2021).
448:
1743:Buddhism and technology
969:. AFP. 14 August 2019.
714:10.1111/1467-9655.13813
438:Human–robot interaction
1689:34.99972°N 135.78083°E
416:. A 2023 paper in the
399:Frankenstein's monster
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107:Android Kannon Mindar
1358:Toyota Partner Robot
258:, Sakaida Taisen of
188:. It is part of the
134:at the 400-year-old
1694:34.99972; 135.78083
1685: /
1456:Robot Man of Szeged
928:Scientific American
525:. Venice: 249–261.
478:The name 'Mindar' (
21:
1119:10.1037/xge0001443
1063:10.3233/FAIA200965
1024:情報・知識＆オピニオン imidas
374:projection mapping
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297:Robot Monk Xian'er
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87:kodaiji.com/mindar
19:
1758:Buddhism in Japan
1668:
1667:
1500:
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1113:(12): 3344–3358.
1072:978-1-64368-154-2
635:978-1-350-04374-9
586:The Asahi Shimbun
540:978-88-6969-528-5
443:Japanese robotics
391:Buddhism in Japan
105:), also known as
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1723:2019 robots
1692: /
1680:135°46′51″E
1629:Telenoid R1
1604:Gakutensoku
1592:Upper torso
1564:Mitra Robot
1492:Land Walker
1363:Xianxingzhe
1057:: 596–600.
465:, known as
378:Heart Sutra
361:Heart Sutra
328:eye contact
317:mechatronic
311:Description
293:Gakutensoku
279:¥25 million
252: [
236:Lotus Sutra
231:bodhisattva
222:Heart Sutra
203:Roboticist
182:Higashiyama
159:¥25 million
144:bodhisattva
131:Heart Sutra
55:¥25 million
1707:Categories
1677:34°59′59″N
1416:IsaacRobot
1271:and Mirata
1234:RoboSapien
1229:FemiSapien
724:2024-05-22
494:References
414:self-aware
217:the Buddha
120:temple in
1554:TOPIO Dio
469:in China.
384:Reception
260:Kennin-ji
249:Baishō-in
1645:Androids
1619:Robonaut
1559:Wakamaru
1446:P series
1396:E series
1249:RS Media
1131:Archived
1127:37486371
1077:Archived
1028:Archived
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622:"Robots"
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545:Archived
427:See also
349:Kōdai-ji
333:telenoid
287:Karakuri
184:ward of
174:Kōdai-ji
118:Kōdai-ji
114:preacher
109:, is an
99:Japanese
66:Humanoid
25:Inventor
1738:Guanyin
1650:Cyborgs
1638:Related
1574:Tracked
1529:i-SOBOT
1506:Wheeled
1487:Elektro
1441:Optimus
1259:JO-ZERO
1219:Bioloid
1083:19 June
467:Guanyin
339:Sermons
289:puppets
116:at the
111:android
83:Website
77:sermons
75:Giving
72:Purpose
35:Country
1614:Mindar
1584:(BEAR)
1549:Seropi
1544:Sanbot
1539:Pepper
1534:Justin
1466:Surena
1461:Sophia
1451:PETMAN
1421:Kobian
1411:George
1372:Human-
1318:Archie
1311:medium
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1269:Kirobo
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480:Maindā
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227:Kannon
140:Kannon
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57:(2019)
20:Mindar
1624:Shalu
1519:EMIEW
1514:GuRoo
1471:TOPIO
1406:FEDOR
1391:Atlas
1386:Ameca
1381:Ai-Da
1374:sized
1333:GuRoo
1328:Flame
1323:ASIMO
1300:SIGMO
1275:Manav
1264:KHR-1
1244:Ropid
1134:(PDF)
1103:(PDF)
749:(PDF)
742:(PDF)
548:(PDF)
515:(PDF)
449:Notes
256:]
186:Kyoto
176:is a
122:Kyoto
103:マインダー
51:Price
38:Japan
1599:Domo
1524:Enon
1436:Musa
1401:Eric
1353:REEM
1343:iCub
1338:HUBO
1295:QRIO
1290:Plen
1285:PINO
1254:HOAP
1224:Coco
1212:Mini
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1123:PMID
1085:2024
1067:ISBN
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299:and
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