Military history of Japan

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military glory and valor. They prize and honor all that has to do with war, and all such things, and there is nothing of which they are so proud as of weapons adorned with gold and silver. They always wear swords and daggers both in and out of the house, and when they go to sleep they hang them at the bed's head. In short, they value arms more than any people I have ever seen. They are excellent archers, and usually fight on foot, though there is no lack of horses in the country. They are very polite to each other, but not to foreigners, whom they utterly despise. They spend their means on arms, bodily adornment, and on a number of attendants, and do not in the least care to save money. They are, in short, a very warlike people, and engaged in continual wars among themselves; the most powerful in arms bearing the most extensive sway. They have all one sovereign, although for one hundred and fifty years past the princes have ceased to obey him, and this is the cause of their perpetual feuds.

5766: 2723: 2401: 2279: 5373: 3959: 1751: 5995: 324: 2635: 86: 62: 3181: 1864: 4142: 2155: 4122: 3229: 2646: 2289: 3244: 74: 3604: 6363: 2409: 14065: 12783: 12793: 2715: 1733: 1843: 4858: 2270:, charging into enemy lines and killing as many as they could without regard to Japanese conceptions of protocol. Though archery and mounted combat were central to Japanese warfare at this time as well, the Mongols remain famous even today for their prowess in these matters. The ways that samurai tactics and attitudes were affected by these experiences are difficult to ascertain, but they were certainly significant. 43: 14054: 12392: 3767:

the northern coast of Taiwan, and ended in October 1895 with the Japanese capture of Tainan, the capital of the self-styled Republic of Formosa. The Japanese defeated regular Chinese and Formosan formations relatively easily but their marching columns were often harassed by guerillas. The Japanese responded with brutal reprisals, and sporadic resistance to their occupation of Taiwan continued until 1902.

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ritual elements of battle, such as a series of archery exchanges conducted before entering into hand-to-hand fighting. The Mongols, of course, knew nothing of Japanese conventions, and were arguably much more organized in their strike tactics. They did not select individual opponents with whom to conduct honorable duels, but rode forth on horseback, with various forms of gunpowder weapons and the famous

1306: 1981: 1851: 2878: 3938: 3826: 2730: 3024:" by Western forces, underscored the weakness of the shogunate and led to its collapse. Though the actual end of the shogunate and establishment of an Imperial Western-style government was handled peacefully, through political petitions and other methods, the years surrounding the event were not entirely bloodless. Following the formal termination of the shogunate, the 5071:"Painfully aware of the regrettable state of affairs that had prevailed in this country until the end of World War II, Japan has adopted systems of uncompromising civilian control that are entirely different from those that existed under the former Constitution, so that the JSDF should be established and operated in accordance with the will of the people." 3851:"), Japan began to build up its military strength in preparation for further confrontations. Japan promulgated a ten-year naval build-up program, under the slogan "Perseverance and determination" (Jp:臥薪嘗胆, Gashinshoutan), in which it commissioned 109 warships, for a total of 200,000 tons, and increased its Navy personnel from 15,100 to 40,800. 1459:

remains do not show wear consistent with use as weapons. The transition from the Jōmon to Yayoi, and later to the Yamato period, is likely to have been characterized by violent struggle as the natives were displaced and assimilated by the invaders with their vastly superior military technology. The most well-regarded theory is that present-day

3809:. In the summer of 1900, when the extra-jurisdictional international legations in Beijing came under attack by Boxer rebels supported by the Qing government, the coalition dispatched their armed forces, in the name of "humanitarian intervention", to defend their respective nations' citizens, as well as a number of 2810:

troops pushed the Japanese army down to the southeast of the Korean peninsula where a military stalemate was established by 1594. Concurrently, the "Righteous Army" of Korean civilians waged guerilla warfare and Admiral Yi Sun-sin repeatedly disrupted the Japanese supply lines at sea. After Hideyoshi's death, the

2258:. It lasted two full days and destroyed most of the Yuan fleet. Over 4,000 ships were destroyed in the storm; 80 percent of the Yuan soldiers drowned or were killed by samurai on the beaches. The loss of ships was so great that "a person could walk across from one point of land to another on a mass of wreckage". 1994:, civil power in Japan was primarily held by the ruling emperors and their regents. The regents were typically appointed from the ranks of the imperial court and the aristocratic clans that vied there. Military affairs were handled under the auspices of the civil government. After defeating their main rival the 6550:

Japan is a very large empire entirely composed of islands. One language is spoken throughout, not very difficult to learn. This country was discovered by the Portuguese eight or nine years ago. The Japanese are very ambitious of honors and distinctions, and think themselves superior to all nations in

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On October 21, 2019, a senior U.S. military officer in Tokyo said that "Japan's avoidance of offensive weaponry under its constitution is no longer acceptable." The officer stated that Japan needs to rethink its rejection of offensive weapons and that the government should discuss it with the public.

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of allies in combat for the first time under its constitution. The Self-Defense Forces may provide material support to allies engaged in combat internationally. It also allows JSDF troops to defend weapons platforms of foreign countries that contribute to Japan's defense. The justification is that by

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and drowning, these acts were excused since they involved the killing of men who had forfeited all rights to be treated with dignity or respect. While civilian internees were certainly in a different category from POWs, it is reasonable to think that there was a "spill-over" effect from the tenets of

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into what has been called "the most decisive naval battle in history". The Russian fleet was almost completely annihilated: out of 38 Russian ships, 21 were sunk, 7 captured, 6 disarmed, 4,545 Russian servicemen died and 6,106 were taken prisoner. On the other hand, the Japanese only lost 117 men and

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was one of the largest in history. It included colonies in Manchuria, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Indochina, Burma and many Pacific islands. In 1937, Japan had one-sixth the industrial capacity than the USA. The Japanese industry was dependent on the shipment of raw

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sent two separate forces. An impressive 900 ships containing 40,000 Yuan troops set out from Masan, Korea, while an even larger force of 100,000 sailed from southern China in 3,500 ships. The Mongols planned an overwhelming coordinated attack by the combined imperial Yuan fleets. The Chinese fleet of

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The great powers are super-sovereign states: an exclusive club of the most powerful states economically, militarily, politically and strategically. These states include veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council (United States, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia), as well as

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The Anti-Terrorism Special Measures Law was passed on October 29, 2001. It allows the JSDF to contribute by itself to international efforts to the prevention and eradication of terrorism. While on duty the JSDF can use weapons to protect themselves and others who come under their control. Previously

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on June 21, 1281. They proceeded without the larger southern force. Waves of samurai responded and prevented the Mongols from forming a beachhead. The samurai used a harassment tactic by boarding the Yuan ships with small boats at night. They killed many of the Yuan forces in the bay and the samurai

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On January 9, 2007, Section 2 of Article 3 of the Self Defense Forces Act was revised. JSDF activities abroad were elevated from "miscellaneous regulations" to "basic duties". This fundamentally changed the nature of the JSDF because its activities are no longer solely defensive. JMSDF ships can be

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by adding mutual defense obligations. This treaty requires the US to pre-inform Japan of US army mobilization and to not impose itself concerning Japanese domestic issues. Japan and the United States are obligated to assist each other if there's an armed attack in territories administered by Japan.

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so mistreated POWs in their custody. Those who had surrendered to the Japanese—regardless of how courageously or honorably they had fought—merited nothing but contempt; they had forfeited all honor and literally deserved nothing. Consequently, when the Japanese murdered POWs by shooting, beheading,

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Western powers viewed Japan's victory over Russia as the emergence of a new Asian regional power. With the Russian defeat, some scholars have argued that the war had set in motion a change in the global world order with the emergence of Japan as not only a regional power, but rather, the main Asian

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was strongly resisted by various interests on the island, and was only completed after a full-scale military campaign requiring the commitment of the Imperial Guards Division and most of the 2nd and 4th Provincial Divisions. The campaign began in late May 1895 with a Japanese landing at Keelung, on

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The Ministry of Defense said from 1 October 2018, the maximum age for enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officer applicants will be raised to 32 from 26 to secure "a stable supply of Self-Defense Forces (military) personnel amid a declining pool of recruits due to the recently declining birth

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in the southernmost parts of the Japanese archipelago. Though the weapon's introduction was not seen to have particularly dramatic effects for several decades, by the 1560s thousands of gunpowder weapons were in use in Japan, and began to have revolutionary effects upon Japanese tactics, strategy,

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Battles grew larger in this period, and were less ritualized. Though single combats and other elements of ritual and honorable battle remained, organized strategies and tactics under military commanders began to emerge, along with a greater degree of organization of formations and divisions within

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said "The reality is that China is rapidly increasing military spending," "China is deploying air and sea assets in the Western Pacific and through the Tsushima Strait into the Sea of Japan with greater frequency." The paper downgraded South Korea for exiting a military intelligence-sharing pact.

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to deal with external aggression against Japan while Japanese ground and maritime forces dealt with internal threats and natural disasters. The United States was permitted to act for the sake of maintaining peace in East Asia and could exert its power on Japanese domestic quarrels. The treaty has

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with an army of 158,800 soldiers between 1592 and 1598. The Japanese army quickly captured several major cities from the unprepared Joseon kingdom including the capital, causing the king to retreat and request military aid from China. With the arrival of the Chinese army, the joint Chinese-Korean

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records that Yamato sent 32,000 troops and 1,000 ships to support Baekje against the Silla-Tang force. However, these ships were intercepted and defeated by a Silla-Tang fleet. Baekje, without aid and surrounded by Silla and Tang forces on land, collapsed. Silla, now viewing Wa Japan as a hostile

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Our nation is a nation of arms. The land to the west is a nation of letters. Nations of letters value the pen. Nations of arms value the sword. That's the way it has been from the beginning... Our country and theirs are separated from one another by hundreds of miles, our customs are completely

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A great many developments and significant events took place during this period, ranging from advances in castle design to the advent of the cavalry charge, the further development of campaign strategies on a grand scale, and the significant changes brought on by the introduction of firearms. The

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and their Mongol opponents differed greatly, and while both invasions failed miserably, their impact on developments and changes in samurai battle were quite significant. The samurai remained attached to ideas of single combat, that of honorable battle between individual warriors, and to certain

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implements and weapons were introduced to Japan near the end of this time (and well into the early Yamato period). Archaeological findings suggest that bronze and iron weapons were not used for war until later, starting at the beginning of the Yamato period, as the metal weapons found with human

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Since March 2016, Japan's Legislation for Peace and Security enables seamless responses of the JSDF to any situation to protect the lives and livelihood of Japanese people. It also increases proactive contributions to peace and security in the world and deepens cooperation with partners. This

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A social hierarchy chart based on old academic theories. Such hierarchical diagrams were removed from Japanese textbooks after various studies in the 1990s revealed that peasants, craftsmen, and merchants were in fact equal and merely social categories. Successive shoguns held the highest or

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As in Europe, the debilitating effects of wet (and therefore largely useless) gunpowder were decisive in a number of battles. But, one of the key advantages of the weapon was that unlike bows, which required years of training largely available only to the samurai class, guns could be used by

5002:(1950–1953) Japan was the forward logistics base and provided many supplies for US and UN forces. The unilateral renunciation of all military capabilities was questioned by conservative politicians. These sentiments were intensified in 1950 as occupation troops were moved from Japan to the 4501:. The total number of casualties shocked American military strategists. This made them apprehensive to invade Japan's main islands, because it would result in a very high death toll. The brutality of the conflict is exemplified by US troops taking body parts from dead Japanese soldiers as 5841:

in Asia. China built military outposts on islands which intimidate and violate the territorial claims of other countries like Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and the Philippines. One third of global seaborne trade ($ 3 trillion) passed through the South China Sea in 2017.

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As of 2021, the Japanese government has discovered that foreign groups funded with Chinese capital are involved in at least 700 land sales within 10 km (6.2 mi) of U.S. military bases—and Japanese Self-Defense Force, Coast Guard, and space development facilities—in Japan. In

2392:, and myriad similar or related blade weapons, appeared at this time and would dominate Japanese arms, relatively unchanged, through the mid-20th century. As a result, it was also during this period that the shift of samurai from being archers to swordsmen began in a significant way . 5643:

to support Japan in a multi-polarizing world. Thus since 2010 Japan has moved to a more autonomous security policy while maintaining the U.S.-Japan alliance. Japan has increased its power projection capabilities such as with the development of homemade long-range cruise missiles, the

5006:(1950–53). This left Japan virtually defenseless and vulnerable. They thought a mutual defense relationship with the United States was needed to protect Japan from foreign threats. In July 1950 the Japanese government, with the encouragement of the US occupation forces, established a 8597:"... Japan was at the forefront of hegemonic wars in a quest to extend the Japanese hegemony over Korea to the entire Asia-Pacific region – the Sino–Japanese War of 1894–95 to gain dominance in Korea" The Two Koreas and the Great Powers, Cambridge University Press, 2006, page 2. 5066:

Strict civilian control over the military was established with the 1947-constitution to prevent the military from regaining overwhelming political power. Thus soldiers, sailors and airforce members cannot be involved in political activities. The Defense Agency of Japan stated that:

2970:, heir to Hideyoshi, and an alliance of clans and other elements who opposed the shogunate. A samurai battle on a grand scale, in terms of strategy, scale, methods employed, and the political causes behind it, this is widely considered the final conflict of the Sengoku period. 5982:

Japan and the United States conducted the biggest military exercise around Japan thus far in the biennial Keen Sword from 29 October to 2 November 2018. It included a total of 57,000 sailors, marines and airmen. 47,000 service members were from the JSDF and 10,000 from the

2571:. Only the fourth battle was a serious, all-out battle between the two. During the fourth battle, Kenshin's forces cleared a path through the Takeda troops and Kenshin engaged Shingen in single combat. Kenshin attacked Shingen with his sword while Shingen defended with his 5756:

The JSDF Act was amended in 2015 in order to make it illegal for JSDF personnel/staff to participate in collective insubordination or to command forces without authority or in violation of orders, which was stated to be the reason why Japan invaded China in World War II.

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changed it into a global alliance with global military cooperation and greater U.S.-Japan coordination. It removed the regional restrictions that the alliance was only for Japan and the surrounding area. This allowed Japan to assume a global military role such as in the

5276:. They were considered "tax thieves" (zeikin dorobo) for being expensive and unnecessary while Japan had decades of booming economy. So the JSDF was still trying to find its place in Japanese society and earn respect and trust from the public. The SDF was managed by the 6269:

The officer also mentioned restrictions that limit the US forces and the JSDF's preparation for contingencies. The officer said that the government of Japan should inform the public about the threats of China and North Korea. In particular China's military buildup with

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from Asia to Africa for economic purposes. By implementing and guarding the rule of law in the oceans, peace, stability and prosperity can be promoted. The FOIP strategy became the official policy of Japan and the United States in 2017. This is the opposite to China's

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with $ 250 billion (1.9% of GDP). This has strengthened its military power in the seas and skies around Japan. Comparatively, Japan's expenditure was $ 46.6 billion (0.9% of GDP). Japan still depends on America for deterrence and offensive attack capabilities due to

5342:) did not earn Japan international respect. Furthermore, Japan couldn't provide much support to US forces which caused frustration. This humiliation was decisive in making policymakers and military planners determined to depart from Japan's pacifist foreign policy. 3070:

in July 1853, Japan lacked industrial and military power to prevent western coercion with unequal treaties that took advantage of Japan. Japan had antiquated and decentralized military forces. The feudal lords were pressured into signing multiple treaties with the

2622:. Though debate continues today as to the force of his charges, and the appropriateness of comparing them to Western cavalry charges, it is evident from contemporary sources that it was a revolutionary development, and powerful against defenders unused to it. The 6319:

reported that the Chinese military used a hacker group called Tick for cyberattacks on nearly 200 Japanese research institutions and firms. A member of China's Communist Party used a false name to rent servers in Japan from which the cyberattacks were conducted.

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destroyers chased the ship. Eventually the spy vessel opened fire and, after receiving fire from JCG cutters, sunk with self-destructive explosion. All 15 crew members died. This was the first time since World War 2 that Japan attacked and sank a foreign ship in

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to intercept Chinese aircraft has increased rapidly. In 2010 there were scrambles against 31 Chinese aircraft and 193 Russian aircraft. In 2018 this increased to 638 Chinese aircraft and 343 Russian aircraft. Chinese aircraft flight paths are mostly in the

2711:, and other commanders developed tactics that honed arquebus use to the greatest advantage. At Nagashino, Nobunaga's gunners hid behind wooden barricades, embedded with large wooden spikes to ward off cavalry, and took turns firing volleys and reloading. 6248:

so that Japan can have an official and normal military with offensive capabilities to share an equal burden of national security duties. This was prevented by an anti-war sentiment among the populace and politicians. In May 2017, Japanese Prime Minister

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The Japanese government approved the first ever JSDF dispatch to a peacekeeping operation that's not led by the United Nations. Two JGSDF officers will monitor a cease-fire between Israel and Egypt at the Multinational Force and Observers command in the

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Since 1991, the JSDF has conducted international activities to provide support for peacekeeping missions and disaster relief efforts as well as to help prevent conflict and terrorism. Particularly humanitarian aid such as helping the victims of the 1995

1952:, saw a brief period of peace as the power of the traditional systems of administration by the Imperial Court gradually declined. Later, the position of the provincial governors and other officials under the shogunate slowly gave way into a new class of 2254:. During the next few weeks up to 3000 Yuan were killed in close quarters. On July 16, the first of the Southern force ships arrived. By August 12, the two fleets were ready to attack Japan. However, on August 15 a major typhoon (kamikaze) struck the 5752:

and his cabinet agreed to lift the long-term ban on Japanese troops engaging in combat abroad. This was in a bid to strengthen the Japanese situation amid an ever-growing Chinese military aggression and North Korea's nuclear weapons programme.

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was a major naval battle between these clans on April 25, 1185. Minamoto had a fleet of 300 ships and Taira had 400 to 500 ships. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Minamoto clan and the destruction of the Taira clan. The end of the

6191:, during his visit in Japan and supported the country's effort for an active role in the defense and security of the Pacific region. This was the first ever inspection by a U.S. president of a Japanese warship. Trump also stated that the 5934:, Shizuoka prefecture. This also marked the first time in history that foreign soldiers other than Americans exercised on Japanese soil. The purpose was to improve their strategic partnership and security cooperation. Lieutenant General 5611:

Since 2010, Japan reemerged as a major military power. Various policies increased the role of Japan's military in its foreign policy. Japan's 2010 National Defense Program Guidelines changed its defense policy from a focus on the former

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code of behavior "was inculcated into the Japanese soldier as part of his basic training." Each soldier was indoctrinated to accept that it was the greatest honor to die for the Emperor and it was cowardly to surrender to the enemy. ...

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was the first major land battle during the Russo-Japanese War from 30 April to 1 May 1904. It was also the first victory in decades of an Asian power over a European power. It marked Russia's inability to match Japan's military prowess.

2213:. The Japanese army conducted night attacks and killed as many soldiers as they could. On the night of October 19, a typhoon caused one-third of their returning ships to sink and many Mongol soldiers drowned. This typhoon was called the 1448:. The rapid increase of roughly four million people in Japan between the Jōmon and Yayoi periods are partially due to migration and due to a shift from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural diet with the introduction of rice cultivation. 2833:. Hideyori's Western Army consisted of many clans from Western Japan with a total of 120,000 men. The Eastern Army was 75,000 men strong with clans from Eastern Japan. The decisive victory of the Eastern Army solidified the rule of 1767:

The Heian Period marks a crucial shift, away from a state that was united in relative peace against outside threats to one that did not fear invasion and, instead, focused on internal division and clashes between ruling factions of

4493:, and others resulted in horrific casualties, mostly on the Japanese side, and produced further Japanese retreats. Very few Japanese ended up in POW camps. This may have been due to Japanese soldiers' reluctance to surrender. The 5085:

was the basis for strong political objections to any sort of armed force other than a conventional police force. In 1954, however, separate land, sea, and air forces were created for defensive purposes, under the command of the

4885:(1) Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes. 2908:

and ensured their loyalty to the shogunate. Since 1660, Japan had 200 years of peace with no major domestic or foreign conflicts. The Tokugawa peace was ruptured only rarely and briefly prior to the violence that surrounded the

12748: 9186: 2955:("closed country"), which prohibited most foreign contact and trade between 1641 and 1853. Under the policy, most foreign nationals were barred from entering Japan and common Japanese people couldn't leave. By restricting the 2489:

in ancient Chinese history. Over one hundred domains clashed and warred throughout the archipelago, as clans rose and fell, boundaries shifted, and some of the largest battles in all of global pre-modern history were fought.

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Throughout history Japan has never been fully invaded nor conquered by a foreign power. Japan also never capitulated to a foreign power, thus Japan was unwilling to surrender. However, Japan couldn't counter the destructive

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by the Emperor in 1879 which literally means "Pacifying the Nation". The Emperor wrote a poem "I assure those of you who fought and died for your country that your names will live forever at this shrine in Musashino." The

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Though civil strife continued to rage as it had for the previous century, the battles growing larger and more tactically complex, it was at this time that the many "warring states" began to be united. There were 3 powerful

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of particular interest or significance are too numerous to list here. Suffice to say this period saw a myriad of strategic and tactical developments, and some of the longest sieges and largest battles in the history of the

1608:. Gaya, where there was an abundance of naturally occurring iron, exported abundant quantities of iron armor and weapons to Wa, and there may have even been a Japanese military post there with Gaya and Baekje cooperation.. 5627:

approved the National Security Strategy (NSS) in December 2013. This explains what instigated Japan's military resurgence: China is using military force in the skies and seas to unilaterally change the status quo in the

11476: 5338:. However, Japan did make a financial contribution of $ 10 billion and sent military hardware. Japan's inability to send troops was regarded as a big humiliation. They learned that only making financial contributions ( 6615:

in favor of a western-style conscripted army. They lost their privileges such as the only class allowed to wield weapons. Many samurai volunteered as soldiers, and many advanced to be trained as officers. Much of the

9940: 4532:. Mistreatment of Allied prisoners of war through forced labour and brutality received extensive coverage in the west. During that period there were significant underlying cultural differences, because according to 12758: 1383:. The pottery style characteristic of the first phases of Jōmon culture was decorated by impressing cords into the surface of wet clay and is generally accepted to be among the oldest in East Asia and the world. 7547:

Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama; Kirill Kryukov; Timothy A Jinam; Kazuyoshi Hosomichi; Aiko Saso; Gen Suwa; Shintaroh Ueda; Minoru Yoneda; Atsushi Tajima; Ken-ichi Shinoda; Ituro Inoue; Naruya Saitou1 (February 2017).

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called the Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA). The pact allows them to exchange logistical support and supplies. This includes transportation and cross-use of facilities during joint exercises and

4889:(2) In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized. 3153:. Japan set out to "gather wisdom from all over the world" and embarked on an ambitious program of military, social, political, and economic reforms. Japan quickly transformed in one generation from an isolated 5435: 9888: 4185:, a full-scale invasion of China began. Japanese military superiority over a weak and demoralized Chinese Republican army allowed for swift advances down the eastern coast, leading to the fall of Shanghai and 5126:

was appointed as the first Chairman of Joint Staff Council—professional head of the three branches. Conscription was abolished on 3 May 1947. Enlistment in the JSDF is voluntary at 18 years of age and older.

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which says Japan forever renounces war as an instrument for settling international disputes and declares that Japan will never again maintain "land, sea, or air forces or other war potential". Japan became a

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were fully responsible for protecting Japan from external threats. Japan only had a minor police force for domestic security. Japan was under the sole control of the U.S. military. This was the only time in

11393: 11245: 2193:, Iki island, Hirato island, Taka and Nokono. The Mongols slaughtered the inhabitants of Tsushima and about 1000 Japanese soldiers were killed on Iki island. When the Mongols arrived on Japan's mainland of 1667:

made their appearance. The country was unified and centralized, with basic features of the later feudal system. Succession disputes were widespread during this period, just as in most of the later periods.

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After a long period of peace, Japan quickly rearmed and modernized by importing western weapons, then manufacturing them domestically, and finally by manufacturing weapons of Japanese design. During the

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era of Japan from 1000 BC to 300 AD. Japan transitioned to a settled agricultural society. There was a big influx of farmers from the Asian continent to Japan. The Yayoi culture flourished from southern

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of 1904–1905 marks the emergence of Japan as a major military power. Japan demonstrated that it could apply Western technology, discipline, strategy, and tactics effectively. The war concluded with the

1482:". According to this work, Wa was "divided into more than 100 tribes", and for some 70 or 80 years there were many disturbances and wars. About 30 communities had been united by a sorceress-queen named 10871: 5063:

was expanded to 110,000 men and renamed the National Safety Forces. The Coastal Safety Force was an embryonic navy that was transferred with the National Police Reserve to the National Safety Agency.

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it is according to the dictates of time and fate that We have resolved to pave the way for a grand peace for all the generations to come by enduring the unendurable and suffering what is unsufferable.

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As Japan continued its modernization in the early 20th century, her armed forces became convinced that success in battle would be assured if Japanese soldiers, sailors, and airmen had the "spirit" of

4193:) the same year. The Chinese suffered greatly in both military and civilian casualties. An estimated 300,000 civilians were killed during the first weeks of Japanese occupation of Nanjing, during the 10684: 2973:

Outside of the siege of Osaka, and the later conflicts of the 1850s to 1860s, violence in the Edo period was restricted to small skirmishes in the streets, peasant rebellions, and the enforcement of

10143: 8512: 5090:. The 1954 Self-Defense Forces Act (Act No. 165 of 1954) reorganized the National Security Board as the Defense Agency on July 1, 1954. Afterward, the National Security Force was reorganized as the 3732:. As a result of this war, Korea ceased to be a tributary state of China, but fell into Japan's sphere of influence. However, many of the material gains from this war were lost by Japan due to the 11013: 10811: 3173:(1904–1905), Japan became the first modern Asian nation to win a war against a European nation. In 1902, it became the first Asian nation to sign a mutual defense pact with a European nation, 2959:' ability to trade with foreign ships coming to Japan or pursue trade opportunities overseas, the Tokugawa shogunate could ensure none would become powerful enough to challenge its supremacy. 12753: 11337: 6628: 5454:, with global political influence, some debate whether or not a country with no official standing military can be considered a world power that should have a permanent seat on the council. 5734:. Japan pays 75% ($ 4.4 billion) of all US basing costs. Japan's willingness to host the majority of the US Armed Forces in Asia makes Japan essential to America's security policy in the 10005: 9857: 2755:

and a handful of other militant religious factions thus became powers unto themselves, and fought fierce battles against some of the chief generals and samurai clans of the archipelago.

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it was cowardly and shameful to surrender to the enemy. Thus soldiers who surrendered had relinquished their honor and did not deserve respect or basic treatment. Fred Borch explained:

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The Eight-Nation Alliance was an international military coalition set up in response to the Boxer Rebellion in the Qing Empire of China. The eight nations were the Empire of Japan, the

3282:) in overall control since 1603. The bakufu army was a large force, but only one among others. The Shogunate's efforts to control the nation depended upon the cooperation of its vassal 10841: 10755: 6655:. The military class has arguably been the de facto rulers of Japan for about 753 years from 1192 until 1945, starting with the first shogun until the last ex-samurai politicians. The 4603:

technology so this new type of atomic bomb was a surprise. Hiroshima was totally unprepared. 69% of Hiroshima's buildings were destroyed and 6% damaged. At this time, on 8 August, the

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The Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation were revised in 1997 which increased the scope for the JSDF as rear-support for US forces by providing logistics support near Japan.

10654: 6773: 5134:, U.S. Air Force, announced on 6 January 1955, that 85 aircraft would be turned over to the fledgling Japanese air force on about 15 January, the first equipment of the new force. 3402:. The law established military service for males of all classes, for a duration of 3 years, with an additional 4 years in the reserve. Yamagata modernized and modeled it after the 12567: 12547: 12497: 2388:

armies. It was in this period, as well, that weaponsmithing techniques emerged, creating so-called "Japanese steel" blades, prone to breaking yet extremely precise and sharp. The

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On 28 May 1999, the Regional Affairs Law was enacted. It allows Japan to automatically participate as "rear support" if the United States begins a war under "regional affairs".

5738:. This helps the U.S. to project military force in the Pacific and Asia. The U.S.-Japan alliance is the cornerstone of peace, stability and economic prosperity in the Pacific. 2934:(sword saint) of Japan. He had a unique double-bladed swordsmanship (Nito-Ichi-ryū) and an undefeated record in 61 duels. He wrote the classic Japanese martial arts literature 1880:

This period is marked by the departure from relatively small or medium-sized clan-like battles, to massive clashes of clans over the control of Japan. The establishment of the

12707: 12592: 11419: 10608: 10441: 6257:, a clause in the national Constitution of Japan outlawing war as a means to settle international disputes involving the state. This charter was written by the United States. 5590: 12462: 9948: 6368: 2347: 6446:). The samurai were idolized and their conduct was role model behavior for other social classes. This resulted in Japanese culture to have a long militaristic heritage. In 4695:

officially proclaimed an end to hostilities on 31 December 1946. As the de facto military ruler of Japan, Douglas MacArthur's influence was so great that he was dubbed the

12562: 12477: 6906: 3289:

From 1867, Japan requested various Western military missions in order to help Japan to modernize its armed forces. The first foreign military mission in Japan was held by

2920:

to increasingly become courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. The conduct of samurai served as role model behavior for the other social classes.

1791:

of this period involved archery and swordsmanship. Nearly all duels and battles began with an exchange of arrow fire and then hand-to-hand combat with swords and daggers.

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with practical abilities. The shogun and daimyo were abolished. Their domains were returned to the emperor. Power was mainly transferred to a group of people called the

2066:. This brought a period of peace. The battles fought during this period mainly consisted of agents of the Minamoto suppressing rebellions. Yoritomo's wife's family, the 14689: 6778: 1179:

policy effectively closed Japan from foreign influences for 212 years - from 1641 to 1853. Feudal militarism transitioned to imperialism in the 19th century after the

5956:

Japan christened the 84-meter long, 2,950 tons Oryu submarine on October 4, 2018. It is Japan's first submarine powered by lithium-ion batteries and was developed by

5789:

reaffirmed that America has an ironclad commitment to Japan's security which covers all territories under Japan's administration. Constitutional reinterpretations of

5636:. This is based on China's assertions that are incompatible with the established order. China also lacks transparency of its military and national security policies. 5392:

is one of the most technologically advanced armed forces in the world. The JSDF ranked as the world's fourth most-powerful military in conventional capabilities in a

14257: 3720:

signed between Japan and China ended the war. Through this treaty, Japan forced China to open ports for international trade and cede the southern portion of China's

2548:(1553–1564) are one of the most cherished tales in Japanese military history and the epitome of Japanese chivalry and romance. They're mentioned in epic literature, 11389: 11237: 8358: 1454:

goods and bronze-making techniques from the Asian mainland reached the Japanese archipelago as early as the 3rd century BC. It is believed that bronze and, later,

11035: 10521: 14442: 11877:

Watanabe, H. A History of Japanese Political Thought, 1600–1901. Translated by David Noble. LTCB International Library Trust, International House of Japan, 2012.

2997:

who controlled the region, and it was the last major uprising against Japanese control of the region. It was put down in 1672. In 1789, another Ainu revolt, the

1294: 14467: 9554:

Defense Agency, Defense of Japan 1998, P-70; originally published by the Defense Agency in June 1998 in Japanese and translated into English by the Japan Times.

7925:『高麗史』巻一百四列伝十七金方慶「諸軍與戰、及暮乃解、方慶謂忽敦茶丘曰、『兵法千里縣軍、其鋒不可當、我師雖少、已入敵境、人自爲戰、即孟明焚船淮陰背水也、請復戰』、忽敦曰、『兵法小敵之堅、大敵之擒、策疲乏之兵、敵日滋之衆、非完計也、不若回軍』復亨中流矢、先登舟、遂引兵還、會夜大風雨、戰艦觸岩多敗、?堕水死、到合浦、」 4580:

The Japanese government has been criticized for inadequate acknowledgement of the suffering caused during World War II in history teaching in its schools which

1787:

in the 16th century. Thus, pre-modern Japanese military history is largely defined not by wars with other states, but by internal conflicts. The tactics of the

1637:

rival, prevented Japan from having any further meaningful contact with the Korean Peninsula until a far later time. The Japanese then turned directly to China.

6071:

announced plans to deploy Type 12 surface-to-ship missiles in March 2020. They have an increased range of 300 km and will be used to protect the southern

10300: 9395: 9376: 6620:

officer class was of samurai origin, and were highly motivated, disciplined, and exceptionally trained. Many samurai were literate and well-educated. Such as

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class in the top of Japanese society since the 12th century. Thus many experts consider pre-modern Japan a "warrior nation" as the ideals, ideologies of the

2610:, were among the first to establish networks of satellite castles, and the complex use of these castles both for mutual defense and coordinated attacks. The 1275: 11367: 5809:

not defending/supporting an ally, it would weaken alliances and endanger Japan. These were Japan's broadest changes to its defense laws since World War II.

2743:

wielded the guns. Some militant Buddhist factions began to produce firearms in foundries normally employed to make bronze temple bells. In this manner, the

2078:

himself became a hereditary figurehead. Real power rested with the Hōjō regents. The Kamakura shogunate lasted for almost 150 years, from 1192 to 1333. The

1570:

in the Korean peninsula. As a result, the Japanese were banished from the peninsula. To defend the Japanese archipelago, a military base was constructed in

14252: 14206: 10688: 10139: 7162: 6328:, a Chinese government–linked land buyer acquired multiple high-rise buildings and other locations overlooking the bases. Similar instances were found in 4714:

from colonies and military camps throughout Asia. This largely eliminated the Japanese Empire and restored the independence of its conquered territories.

1697:

of Japan with near absolute power over territories via the military. Ōtomo was declared "Sei-i Taishōgun" which means "Barbarian-subduing Great General".

14764: 11005: 9187:"U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers" 5678:. In 2013 there were approximately 50,000 U.S. military personnel stationed in Japan with 40,000 dependents and 5,500 American civilians employed by the 5192: 5047: 10583: 10034: 5164:

by which Japan stands against the production or possession of nuclear weaponry. However, due to its high technology level and large number of operating

2101:

is closest to the southernmost point of the Korean peninsula with a distance of 190 km (120 mi). That's almost 6 times farther away than from

10819: 9467: 5280:

which had little political influence compared to ministries. The JSDF had good personnel and equipment, but mainly served a supplementary role for the

11298: 5829:

where China seeks to become the main economic partner with major or dominant influence in countries in Eurasia, the Middle-East and Africa. There are

5014:). This consisted of 75,000 men equipped with light infantry weapons. This was the first step of its postwar rearmament. In 1952, Coastal Safety Force 3678:

shifted from China to Japan; The prestige of the Qing Dynasty, along with the classical tradition in China, suffered a major blow. The Qing's loss of

3196:. Japan was the last major power to enter the race for global colonization. It expanded rapidly, with colonial acquisitions, from 1895 till 1942. The 14744: 14709: 7071:

and had a long landing deck, but was designed and initially built as an ocean liner. The first purpose-designed aircraft carrier to be laid down was

5582:

dispatched worldwide such as in activities against pirates. The JSDF's first postwar overseas base was established in Djibouti, Somalia (July 2010).

2704: 1491: 11842: 6560:

different, the temperaments of our people are dissimilar – so how could we possibly share the same Way? (Nakamura 1843 cited in Watanabe 2012: 285).

14101: 11329: 11185: 6543: 6201:

There is increasing support among Japanese to change Japan from being a pacifist to a "normal" country with an official military. In April 2019, a

2350:

in 1880. Kusunoki "stands in the history of his country as the ideal figure of a warrior, compact of civil and military virtues in a high degree".

13761: 11533: 7599: 5979:

from 27 October to 18 November 2018. It's primarily anti-terror drills and improving bilateral cooperation with 60 Japanese and Indian officers.

4181:, in which Japan claimed to have had territory attacked by the Chinese. By 1937, Japan had annexed territory north of Beijing and, following the 4034:. On 6 September 1914 was the very first air-sea battle in history. A Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser 2229:

anticipated a second invasion so they constructed walls and fortresses along the shore and gathered forces to defend it. In the spring of 1281,

14774: 14580: 14550: 14533: 12048: 11267: 11090: 11060: 10013: 9865: 6237:. Japanese claim that the U.S. has failed to properly address these issues, so Japan must grant itself the means to adequately protect itself. 5816:

As of 2012, Japan and its allies want to maintain a "Free and Open Indo-Pacific" (FOIP). This means any country can freely navigate across the

3482: 3201:

materials from Japan's overseas territories and foreign imports. A series of increasingly stringent economic embargoes on raw materials by the

2384:

wars began. For over fifty years, the archipelago became embroiled in disputes over control of Imperial succession, and thus over the country.

11623: 11509: 9506: 6116:

at the forefront of Japan's national defense. By 2030 China could have four aircraft carriers. Meanwhile, Japan only has two relatively small

5230:, the Philippines. He returned to Japan when he was relieved from duty by his commanding officer, Major Yoshimi Taniguchi as per the order of 2109:

33.3 km (20.7 mi). Throughout history, Japan was never fully invaded nor colonized by foreigners. Japan only surrendered once after

14575: 12219: 11726: 10849: 10763: 7197: 6222: 6188: 6125: 6117: 4927: 4750:

were lost. Japan was reduced to the territories that were traditionally within the Japanese cultural sphere pre-1895: the four main islands (

4111: 3398:

to organize a national army for Japan. So Yamagata convinced the government and enacted a conscription law in 1873 which established the new

11868:

Nakamura, M. Shoburon (1843), In Vol. 6 of Bushido Zensho, ed., Inoue Tetsujiro, Saeki Ariyoshi, Ueki Naoichiro, and Kokusho Kankokai, 1998.

10496: 6741:

are integral parts of Japanese culture. The ideologies that originated from Japan's military class are adapted and utilized when necessary.

14508: 14373: 12672: 9990: 4049: 3206: 3072: 10710: 10662: 5953:

5) or faster. A scramjet engine prototype, jet fuel technology and heat-resistant materials will be built with testing from 2023 to 2025.

3485:. The inauguration was in 1875. This was an important Military Academy for Japanese Army officers. It is on the same ground as the modern 14590: 13631: 13102: 5830: 4801:

Over the course of the war, Japan displayed many significant advances in military technology, strategy, and tactics. Among them were the

3991: 2699:, remains one of the chief examples of the effect of these weapons. Highly inaccurate, and taking a long time to reload, arquebusses, or 537: 200: 14237: 10736: 5714:

is the largest and strategically most important U.S. naval base in the western Pacific. The base was previously the headquarters of the

14769: 14749: 12396: 11441: 10927: 10552: 10352: 8780:"The Imperial Japanese Navy was a pioneer in naval aviation, having commissioned the world's first built-from-the-keel-up carrier, the 6132: 6041:

In December 2018, the Ministry of Defense announced they would procure an additional 63 F-35As and 42 F-35Bs. This increases the total

5397: 4375: 1108: 1048: 10901: 3493:, and establish the first draft law (January 1873). Some members of the mission became some of the first western students of Japanese 6034:

by the JASDF since 1958. 638 (64%) were Chinese aircraft and 343 (34%) were Russian aircraft. On June 20, 2019, two Russian bombers (

5765: 5150: 4588: 4371: 4067:. A small group of Japanese cruisers and destroyers also participated in various missions in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. 4038:

and the German gunboat Jaguar off Qingdao. Four seaplanes bombarded German land targets. The Germans surrendered on 6 November 1914.

2806: 2197:

they encountered the first real Japanese army. During the Battle of Akasaka the Japanese won with a surprise attack by the forces of

1487: 811: 11555: 11415: 10983: 1293:. The Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, is the highest-ranking military officer in the Japan Self-Defense Forces, and is the head of the 14704: 11214: 11120: 10949: 10598: 9962: 8498: 8447: 4502: 1944:

as an elite force and as commanders. Following roughly fifty years of bitter fighting over control of the Imperial succession, the

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magazine, August, 1986, p. 42: "... in October 1944. At that time he had well over 100 victories..." His article has no citations.

8418: 14559: 12697: 10112: 9680:"The actual and potential development of Nuclear Weapons Technology in the area of North East Asia (Korean Peninsular and Japan)" 9396:"The Korean War and The National Police Reserve of Japan: Impact of the US Army's Far East Command on Japan's Defense Capability" 6844: 5884:, the Philippines from 2 to 11 October 2018. This was the first time that Japanese armored vehicles landed on foreign soil since 5307:. Japan exerted disproportionately small political and military influence in the world. This made Japan an abnormal great power. 4725: 4581: 4415: 10183: 6729:

are associated with the samurai and were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries (1200–1600). There are influential

6064:. This will be judged on a case-by-case basis. Defense cooperation will increase for outer space, cyber and electronic warfare. 5776:

Until 2015, the U.S.-Japan alliance was a regional alliance with an exclusively defense oriented policy on defending Japan. The

3902:. The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers. The consequences transformed the balance of power in 14129: 12829: 11663: 6254: 6206: 6137: 5935: 5813:

enhanced the Japan-US alliance as global partners to promote peace and security in the region and the international community.

5790: 5082: 4979: 4879: 2737:

relatively untrained footmen. Samurai stuck to their swords and their bows, engaging in cavalry or infantry tactics, while the

2623: 2438:

is marked by social upheaval, political intrigue and near-constant military conflict. Less than a century after the end of the

1675:

came to be during this period, as techniques of mounted archery, swordsmanship, and spear fighting were adopted and developed.

8922: 4687:

established bases in Japan to oversee the postwar development of the country. This period in Japanese history is known as the

14447: 13404: 12918: 12507: 12067: 11984: 11934: 11706: 11147: 10329: 9758: 9299: 8863: 8810: 8741: 8612: 8228: 8209: 8190: 8131: 8096: 8077: 8058: 7515: 7358: 6996: 6974: 3376: 2664:. It's named for the increasingly important castle-cities, is marked by the introduction of firearms, after contact with the 1058: 983: 264: 13278: 12263: 12188:

Friday K. F. "Bushido or Bull? A Medieval Historian's Perspective on the Imperial Army and the Japanese Warrior Tradition,"

8892: 883: 14094: 13515: 12424: 11696: 8574:

How the Japanese became foreign to themselves : the impact of globalization on the private and public spheres in Japan

5723: 4809: 4633: 4513: 4105: 4075: 4064: 3964: 12209: 10270: 8943: 1917:

rulers of Japan. They dominated Japanese politics for nearly seven hundred years (1185–1868), subverting the power of the

14383: 13574: 12712: 12617: 12089: 10756:"Amid rising tensions with China, Japan just sent armored vehicles to foreign soil for the first time since World War II" 9135: 8162: 8154: 6162: 5904: 5869: 5857: 5679: 5649: 5645: 5176: 1313: 504: 10622: 8834: 8362: 3640:, and the coast of China. It was the first major conflict between Japan and an overseas military power in modern times. 3510: 2567:

they were very cautious, only committing themselves to indecisive skirmishes. There were a total of five engagements at

14795: 14662: 14538: 14149: 13898: 13522: 9898: 9890:

The right to self-determination under international law : "selfistans", secession and the rule of the great powers

9272: 9065: 8582: 7115: 6955: 6938: 6423:

nobility was a nominal ruling court with little influence. The actual ruling class were Japanese military figures: the

6375:

What distinguishes Japan from other countries is that Japan was near continuously ruled by the military class with the

6169:

with naval ships of the United States, India, Japan and the Philippines. The second was the La Pérouse exercise in the

5865: 5801: 5131: 4360: 4017: 3944: 3757: 1228: 661: 636: 236: 11589: 6805: 4647:, along with representatives of each Allied nation. A separate surrender ceremony between Japan and China was held in 2668:, and a further push towards all-out battle, away from individual combats and concepts of personal honor and bravery. 1397:

and wooden fences due to increasing violence within or between communities. Battles were fought with weapons like the

14759: 14684: 14630: 14610: 14378: 14320: 14287: 14211: 14144: 13537: 13301: 12311: 12032: 11904: 9841: 9714: 9661: 9539: 9444: 9324: 9228: 9041: 8637: 8402: 7987: 7956: 7745: 7694: 7535: 7475: 6760: 6580:

who helped restore imperial power. The Genrō were retired senior statesmen and informal advisers to the emperor. All

6144: 6121: 6042: 5961: 5742: 5660: 5103: 4978:

changed to a symbolic status as "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people." Douglas MacArthur included

4254: 4190: 3737: 1247: 888: 79: 4063:

in Russia. The Allied Powers withdrew in 1920. The Japanese military stayed until 1925 following the signing of the

14716: 14452: 14400: 14390: 13594: 13505: 12632: 10468: 10304: 9418: 6089: 5487: 5442:

seeking to gain permanent membership of the Security Council. In 2004, the former United Nations Secretary General

5142:

Japan and the United States are required to maintain capacities to resist common armed attacks. This established a

4618: 4022:

conducted the world's first successful naval-launched air raids on 5 September 1914 and during the first months of

3125:

realized that in order to preserve the independence of Japan it had to modernize to become an equal of the western

2977:. Social tension in the Edo period brought a number of rebellions and uprisings, the largest of which was the 1638 2334:, helped enable Emperor Go-Daigo to briefly regain power. In 1333, Go-Daigo rewarded Kusunoki with governorship of 1006: 719: 14650: 9380: 5860:, its first marine unit since World War Two, on April 7, 2018. They're trained to counter invaders from occupying 2278: 14405: 14087: 13656: 13532: 13364: 12853: 12842: 12557: 12552: 12447: 12200: 11359: 7177: 6850: 6784: 6498: 5968: 5769: 5671: 5447: 5431: 5377: 5169: 5091: 4306: 3910: 3647:. After more than six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces and the loss of the port of 1243: 948: 67: 14585: 6308:(RAA) on 17, November 2020. This will enhance and streamline strategic and defense co-operation. Prime Minister 5772:

and U.S. soldiers participate in the Orient Shield 2017 opening ceremony at Camp Shin Yokotsuka, Sept. 11, 2017.

3321:

commemorates the honor and achievements of the millions of men, women, children and pets who died in service of

3102:

from another American incursion. Thereafter Industrial developments started in order to build modern cannons. A

14739: 14694: 14277: 14267: 13601: 12677: 12652: 12467: 12457: 12183: 11765: 8966: 8271: 8037: 8012: 7669: 6928: 6510:, literally "the blossom is the cherry blossom; the man is the warrior"). Comparatively the Chinese idiom is 5711: 5695: 5663:. There's gradual integration among the three JSDF branches so they can operate more autonomously from the US. 5594: 5411:

and disaster relief. From 1991 to 2016 the JSDF had approximately 32 overseas dispatches. These were mainly in

3454: 3232: 2998: 2722: 1101: 766: 686: 256: 13219: 2400: 724: 14427: 14412: 14335: 14305: 14282: 14124: 13359: 12913: 12763: 12637: 12517: 10603: 10575: 10038: 9485: 6214: 5617: 5372: 4395: 4281:, and other materials had virtually ceased. Meanwhile, American economic support to China began to increase. 4027: 3330: 3054:

was fought in 1868–1869 between the Tokugawa army and a number of factions of nominally pro-Imperial forces.

973: 220: 9790: 9586: 7650:"...the Gempei conflict was a national civil war" Warrior Rule in Japan, page 2. Cambridge University Press. 5991:

also participated. There were simulations of air combat, ballistic missile defense and amphibious landings.

5469:

spy and infiltration ship. The spy ship was heavily armed and 400 km north west of the Japanese island

2675:

was introduced to Japan in 1543, by Portuguese on board a Chinese ship that crashed upon the tiny island of

14754: 14635: 14625: 14615: 14503: 14351: 14325: 14315: 14201: 13542: 13354: 12901: 12657: 12612: 12582: 12482: 12352: 11306: 7001: 6960: 6794: 6286: 6027: 6003: 5927: 5498: 5161: 5115: 4668: 4478: 4224: 3813:

who had taken shelter in the legations. The incident ended with a coalition victory and the signing of the

3691: 3334: 2575:(tessen). Both lords lost many men in this fight, and Shingen in particular lost two of his main generals, 1251: 1082: 1072: 1016: 1001: 958: 292: 276: 91: 12289: 9161: 6260:

The 'Defense of Japan 2019' white paper lists China as a bigger threat than North Korea. Defense Minister

3256: 14645: 14605: 14600: 14330: 14262: 13165: 12682: 12597: 12577: 12452: 11178: 6923: 6305: 6023: 5957: 5683: 5539: 5494: 5482: 5408: 5355: 5277: 4691:(1945–1952), when for the first time in history of Japan was occupied by a foreign power. U.S. President 3667: 3486: 3189: 3118: 2510:. Naval battles likewise consisted of little more than using boats to move troops within range of bow or 1271: 1267: 1263: 1192: 916: 846: 104: 9807: 7546: 5872:

soldiers were deployed with 4 armored vehicles for the first time in an overseas training exercise with

4599:. An estimated 150,000–246,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. Japan did not have 2318:. Kusunoki was also a brilliant tactician and strategist. The defense of two key Loyalist fortresses at 14721: 14679: 14667: 14640: 14595: 14528: 14272: 14247: 14174: 14159: 14154: 13791: 13461: 13334: 13306: 13090: 12822: 12727: 12662: 12627: 12542: 12532: 12492: 12472: 12299: 11177:

Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Kuimova, Alexandra; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (28 April 2019).

7769: 7255: 6826: 6209:

of the constitution should be revised. This support for revision is partially due to: the hostility of

5873: 5667: 5281: 5242: 5051: 5043:

on 8 September 1951, which became effective on 28 April 1952, thus restoring the sovereignty of Japan.

4967: 4411: 4217: 4182: 4127: 3859: 3763: 3548:, most leaders in Japanese society (politics, business and military) were ex-samurai or descendants of 2587:

borrowed heavily from Shingen's governmental and military innovations after he had taken leadership of

2576: 1262:

of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Military authority runs from the Prime Minister to the cabinet-level

1215:

prohibits Japan from offensively using war against other nations. This led to the establishment of the

1053: 911: 666: 525: 12339: 11523: 10389: 5785:. It was the first defense cooperation guidelines revision since 1997. Former U.S. Secretary of State 5172:

within one year if the political situation changed significantly. Thus many analysts consider Japan a

5137:

On 19 January 1960, the unequal status of Japan with the United States was corrected with the amended

3958: 1750: 14657: 14422: 14242: 14196: 13971: 13685: 13567: 13527: 13449: 13399: 13261: 13231: 13150: 13048: 12908: 12647: 12602: 12512: 12502: 12487: 12108:

Gary P. Cox (January 2006). "The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero (review)".

9013: 8992: 8711: 8690: 7944: 7554: 6901: 5850: 5389: 5331: 5300: 5292: 5265: 4873: 4506: 4093: 3433:. He was one of the main architects of the military and political foundations of early modern Japan. 2159: 2079: 1937: 1780: 1543: 1239: 1216: 1094: 1011: 963: 841: 796: 691: 471: 433: 307: 184: 168: 148: 47: 11275: 11098: 11068: 9564: 6838: 6764: 6480:, peasants, artisans and merchants. The Confucian literati and landlords were at the top of Chinese 6030:

jets against mainly Chinese and Russian unidentified aircraft. That is the second highest amount of

5462: 4841: 4295:

during most of the Pacific War (his tenure being 17 October 1941 to 22 July 1944). Tojo supported a

3266:

In the mid-19th century Japan did not have a unified national army. The country consisted of feudal

2481:), and others for land and power for the next 150 years or so. The period has come to be called the 1297:

over the JSDF, executing orders of the Minister of Defense with directions from the Prime Minister.

751: 280: 14672: 14457: 14432: 14361: 14232: 13786: 13697: 13495: 13478: 13384: 13369: 13273: 13241: 13214: 12607: 12572: 12527: 12522: 12439: 12417: 12025:

The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear—A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5

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though experts say Japan needs at least four carriers for effective use in real combat situations.

5994: 5826: 5347: 4747: 4644: 4439: 4383: 4326: 4162: 4101: 3927: 3686:

sparked an unprecedented public outcry. Throughout most of history Korea was a tributary state and

3537: 3383: 3248: 2465:

The authority of both the shogunate and the Imperial Court had weakened, and provincial Governors (

2174: 1196: 873: 791: 756: 714: 260: 212: 11896: 10979: 8257:

by Miyamoto Musashi (translation from Japanese by Victor Harris), London: Allison and Busby, 1974.

7467: 7206: 2896:

for use as a "katana" by cutting off the original tang and reforming it higher up the cutting edge

323: 14699: 14620: 14570: 14565: 14555: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14498: 14488: 14189: 14169: 14110: 13661: 13589: 13579: 13456: 13389: 13188: 10842:"British troops join forces with Japanese for first time on their soil amid North Korea tensions" 10473: 10419: 6420: 6131:

China's military spending has increased greatly since 1999. In 2019 China was the second highest

6109: 5910:

Military cooperation increased significantly with other like-minded democratic countries such as

5877: 5715: 5381: 5246: 5154: 5143: 5087: 5060: 5040: 5007: 4959: 4915: 4861: 4802: 4608: 4556: 4525: 4342: 4292: 4213: 4084:

in the world. Japan subsequently developed a fleet of aircraft carriers that was second to none.

3987: 3840: 3695: 3625: 3619: 3592: 3568: 3430: 3252: 2931: 2568: 2537: 2421: 2029: 1926: 1819: 1806:). Feudal conflicts over land, political power, and influence eventually reached its apex in the 1795: 1784: 1551: 1255: 1220: 993: 816: 646: 631: 232: 14079: 9987:"The Overseas Dispatch of Japan's Self-Defense Forces and U.S. War Preparations 自衛隊海外派遣と米国の戦争準備" 9986: 7108:

Japan's Arduous Rejuvenation as a Global Power: Democratic Resilience and the US-China Challenge

5574:, so long as they were kept at a minimum and were tactical weapons, and Chief Cabinet Secretary 3887: 3874: 3866: 2462:

was converted into a battlefield and a heavily fortified city that suffered severe destruction.

14356: 14310: 14227: 14179: 13646: 13483: 13394: 13374: 13095: 12938: 12933: 12928: 10714: 10060: 7382:

Kuzmin, Y.V. (2006). "Chronology of the Earliest Pottery in East Asia: Progress and Pitfalls".

6950: 6933: 6867: 6800: 6617: 6443: 5846: 5719: 5535: 5253:, Indonesia and discovered by a pilot in mid-1974. Nakamura was repatriated to Taiwan in 1975. 5219: 4721: 4717: 4379: 4367: 4338: 4334: 4310: 4288: 4221: 4035: 3882: 3607: 3584: 3526: 3490: 3445: 3426: 3399: 3260: 2990: 2935: 2811: 1702: 1033: 801: 593: 288: 11974: 11757: 10374: 10258: 8334: 8293: 7979: 7973: 7907: 7904: 7786: 7716: 7613: 3498: 2634: 2234:

the Yuan was delayed by difficulties in provisioning and manning their large number of ships.

14462: 14437: 14395: 14164: 14134: 14014: 13946: 13936: 13838: 13776: 13742: 13712: 13641: 13466: 13434: 12986: 12815: 10234: 9963:"Two Decades of International Cooperation: A Look Back on 20 Years of JSDF Activities Abroad" 9055: 8779: 8627: 8572: 8426: 8394: 8388: 8323: 7593: 6965: 6881: 6714: 6706: 6656: 6297:

believe it will boost a Free and Open Indo-Pacific region and to deter Chinese aggression in

6245: 6234: 6031: 5335: 5304: 5303:. However, its military power was very limited due to pacifist policies and article 9 of the 4943: 4813: 4795: 4729: 4451: 4447: 4046: 3979: 3810: 3790: 3702: 3422: 2486: 2404:

A re-creation of an armored samurai riding a horse, showing horse armour (uma yoroi or bagai)

2327: 2319: 1694: 1611:

In 552, the ruler of Baekje appealed to Yamato for help against its enemies, the neighboring

1519: 1212: 651: 252: 13073: 11888: 11061:"Japan approves plan to send JSDF officers to Sinai, on first non-U.N. peacekeeping mission" 10548: 9108: 7459: 7024: 4938:

and was not required to include a pacifist clause in their constitution. Meanwhile, General

1803: 1227:

to protect Japan and to conduct offensive duties. In 2015, the Japanese government voted to

14472: 14029: 13771: 13510: 13471: 13379: 13339: 12956: 9774: 9750: 9744: 8918: 6722: 6392: 5478: 5474: 5238: 4963: 4663:

and rebuild Japan rather than continue fighting with millions of casualties and decades of

4622: 4482: 4427: 3899: 3290: 2818: 2783: 2764: 2603: 2094: 2047: 2007: 1963: 1823: 1783:

of the 13th century, Japan did not face a considerable outside threat until the arrival of

1773: 1757: 1348: 776: 681: 542: 438: 345: 216: 164: 11238:"Trump becomes first US leader to inspect Japanese warship in show of solidarity with Abe" 10497:"Japanese pacifists unnerved by lifting of ban on military intervention | World news" 10140:"Joining Forces Against Terrorism: Japan's New Law Commits More Than Words to U.S. Effort" 7508:

The Archaeology of Japan: From the Earliest Rice Farming Villages to the Rise of the State

5895:

The Ministry of Defense is developing supersonic glide bombs to strengthen the defense of

3967:(1922) was the first commissioned ship that was designed and built as an aircraft carrier. 3670:

and fend off threats to its sovereignty, especially when compared with Japan's successful

3180: 1363:

and cultural complexity. The name "cord-marked" was first applied by the American scholar

8: 14019: 13951: 13941: 13824: 13702: 13584: 13554: 13251: 12737: 12410: 11889: 11857: 11783: 11567: 9966: 8694: 7831:

State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu

7782: 7712: 7460: 7019: 6847:– a peace museum dedicated to the hundreds of Kamikaze pilots from the airbase at Chiran. 6830: 6702: 6648: 6468:

One key difference between ancient China and Japanese society was the development of the

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After a decade of defense spending cuts, Japan increased its defense budget in 2013. The

5339: 5165: 5056: 5036: 4903: 4833: 4817: 4688: 4660: 4470: 4443: 4435: 4407: 4399: 4352: 4151: 4147: 4056:

sent the largest military force of 70,000 soldiers to the eastern region. They supported

3848: 3733: 3553: 3521:

advisor of the Japanese central government, eventually took up arms alongside the Shōgun

3506: 3438: 3103: 2978: 2684: 2638: 2628: 2182: 1910: 1336: 1232: 826: 781: 746: 656: 208: 11206: 11124: 10957: 8495:

Japan's emergence as a modern state: political and economic problems of the Meiji period

8451: 3364: 3356: 1686: 13961: 13873: 13796: 13749: 13722: 13717: 13666: 13439: 13349: 13322: 13193: 13145: 13123: 13068: 13041: 12125: 12042: 11800: 11469:"Australia agrees landmark defence pact with Japan in face of rising Chinese ambitions" 10157: 10089: 9686: 9261: 9233: 8689:

Wakamiya is "credited with conducting the first successful carrier air raid in history"

8150:

The Imjin War: Japan's Sixteenth-century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China

7763: 7576: 7549: 7399: 6790: 6597: 6593: 6333: 6329: 6270: 6218: 5942: 5699: 5687: 5675: 5269: 4899: 4614: 4486: 4330: 4314: 3894: 3870: 3855: 3844: 3834: 3564: 3522: 3275: 3170: 3130: 3111: 3095: 3009: 2946: 2901: 2851: 2798: 2775: 2708: 2596: 2592: 2549: 2451: 2443: 2377: 2307: 2299: 2292: 2226: 2214: 2093:

Japan's remote location makes it secure against invaders from the Asian continent. The

2015: 1991: 1949: 1881: 1627: 1615:. Along with his emissaries to the Yamato court, the Baekje king sent bronze images of 1567: 1259: 1204: 988: 821: 676: 573: 568: 244: 204: 11819: 10215: 9356: 8547: 6147:

participated for the first time in two quadrilateral naval exercises. It included the

3145:. This caused enormous change in Japan's political and social structure from the late 2751:

cathedral-fortress into some of the most well-defended fortresses in the country. The

1655:

was the beginning of Japanese culture as we know it today. It was in this period that

14184: 13883: 13781: 13754: 13727: 13418: 13175: 13160: 13058: 12886: 12792: 12145:

Crowley, James B. "Japan's military foreign policies." in James William Morley, ed.,

12129: 12085: 12063: 12028: 11980: 11940: 11930: 11924: 11900: 11761: 11750: 11702: 11673: 11148:"Japan's plan to remodel Izumo-class carriers: Needed upgrade or mere show of force?" 10193: 9894: 9837: 9754: 9710: 9657: 9650: 9535: 9440: 9410: 9320: 9295: 9268: 9061: 9037: 8859: 8806: 8633: 8578: 8522: 8398: 8158: 8127: 8033: 8008: 7983: 7952: 7751: 7741: 7690: 7665: 7581: 7550:"A partial nuclear genome of the Jomons who lived 3000 years ago in Fukushima, Japan" 7531: 7511: 7471: 7354: 7329: 7265: 7111: 6819:– this is the first and oldest war and military museum in Japan, established in 1882. 6756: 6718: 6689:

In modern Japan, the warrior heritage is remembered and revered. For example, famous

6668: 6565: 6503: 6075:. Japan is also developing high-speed gliding missiles with a range of 1000 km. 5984: 5656: 5513: 5502: 5215: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4711: 4684: 4664: 4640: 4636: 4529: 4494: 4490: 4042: 3745: 3671: 3572: 3138: 3017: 2967: 2910: 2904:, a forced peace that was maintained through a variety of measures that weakened the 2855: 2826: 2748: 2665: 2373: 1999: 1376: 1344: 1038: 1021: 968: 953: 641: 603: 481: 228: 7403: 6733:

in business and politics who are descendants of samurai families. The ideals of the

6632: 2238: 1810:(1180–1185). This was a national civil war between the two most powerful clans: the 98: 14139: 14024: 13863: 13816: 13801: 13737: 13619: 13562: 13444: 13063: 12868: 12858: 12251:

Hesselink, Reinier H. "The introduction of the art of mounted archery into Japan."

12239:

Factories of death: Japanese biological warfare, 1932–45, and the American cover-up

12117: 11792: 11006:"Russian bombers violated Japan's airspace twice in one day, defense ministry says" 8272:"Black Ships and the Samurai: Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan (1853–1854)" 7571: 7563: 7391: 7319: 6991: 6861: 6767: 6694: 6585: 6569: 6515: 6481: 6458: 6408: 6388: 5861: 5624: 5509: 5268:. They were seen as remnants of the imperial military who caused a severe loss and 5223: 5196: 4975: 4908: 4517: 4474: 4463: 4459: 4431: 4403: 4390:. Japanese forces initially experienced great success against Allied forces in the 4346: 4302: 4220:). In July 1940, the U.S. banned the shipment of aviation gasoline to Japan, while 4194: 4081: 4014: 4007: 4003: 3802: 3698:

put Korea completely under Japanese control. Korea became a Japanese vassal state.

3633: 3576: 3434: 3410: 3386: 3372: 3359:

led the organization of a national army. It consisted exclusively of 10,000 strong

3333:(1946–1954). Later the shrine would include the worship of all who died serving in 3063: 3049: 3021: 2926:

was one of the most famous Japanese swordsman, philosopher, strategist, writer and

2923: 2844: 2619: 2580: 2572: 2369: 2359: 2339: 2331: 2323: 2315: 2282: 2202: 2198: 2166: 2087: 1945: 1918: 1863: 1690: 1605: 1597: 1571: 1535: 1180: 1172: 1156: 1077: 588: 497: 315: 12991: 8148: 7305: 6864:– the second floor features a collection of feudal guns, armor, and other weapons. 6522:, means "Good iron is not cast into nails; good men are not made into soldiers"). 5231: 5123: 4771: 4212:. Germany, which had previously trained and supplied the Chinese army, halted all 3544:

lost their status as the only class with military privileges. However, during the

3338: 2707:) as they are called in Japanese, did not win battles on their own. Oda Nobunaga, 2097:

is surrounded by vast seas and has rugged, mountainous terrain with steep rivers.

1372: 144: 14417: 13888: 13858: 13853: 13766: 13732: 13651: 13344: 13236: 13155: 13135: 13036: 12896: 12308:

The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War

12100: 12075: 12057: 10526: 9740: 9704: 9289: 8853: 8800: 7348: 7072: 7061: 6783:– Asaka, Saitama. It has a museum with real combat equipment and vehicles of the 6730: 6652: 6647:

or descendants of samurai. They shared a set of values and outlooks. This caused

6573: 6533: 6230: 6226: 6198:

will help defend Japan and America against threats in the region and far beyond.

6166: 6050: 5941:

The Ministry of Defense allocated $ 57 million for research and development of a

5931: 5900: 5834: 5727: 5707: 5703: 5629: 5571: 5261: 5188: 4825: 4743: 4692: 4419: 4325:. Isoroku's extensive naval career started when he served on the armored cruiser 4253:

to cooperate in economic matters. Following Japan's refusal to withdraw from the

4231: 4209: 4178: 4174: 4071: 4053: 3999: 3975: 3806: 3776: 3683: 3656: 3418: 3318: 3313: 3197: 3193: 3126: 3107: 3091: 3082:

Thereafter in 1853 six island fortifications with cannon batteries were built at

2834: 2830: 2779: 2584: 2533: 2335: 2303: 2255: 2251: 2190: 2181:. Subsequently, they attempted to invade Japan twice. In early October 1274, the 2142: 2083: 2055: 2033: 1975: 1933: 1867: 1836: 1364: 1356: 1188: 978: 786: 771: 761: 671: 459: 240: 156: 140: 54: 12961: 12294: 12223: 10035:"SIPRI Yearbook 2012–15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2011" 7308:"Human genetic diversity in the Japanese Archipelago: dual structure and beyond" 6301:. Japan already had such agreements with Australia, Canada, France, UK and USA. 5470: 5354:(2003 till 2009). In 1992 a law was passed to permit the JSDF to participate in 5257: 3342: 3037: 3034: 2607: 2154: 1464: 1332: 1326: 1130: 357: 192: 29: 14068: 14004: 13956: 13913: 13806: 13707: 13085: 12891: 12316: 12213: 10786:"Japan to raise maximum age for new recruits to boost dwindling military ranks" 10278: 9702: 9463: 9315:

Peattie, Mark R. (1988). "Chapter 5 – The Japanese Colonial Empire 1895–1945".

9218:, Pearl Harbor, Historical Marker Database, www.hmdb.org, Retrieved 2012-03-27. 9082: 8796: 7158: 7131: 6710: 6589: 6539: 6526: 6338: 6309: 6113: 6072: 6012: 6008: 5946: 5923: 5633: 5427: 5412: 5250: 5211: 4829: 4767: 4600: 4455: 4423: 4318: 4296: 4250: 4141: 4057: 3878: 3814: 3786: 3782: 3583:, and the Cabinet were his followers. The Prime Minister would be elected by a 3580: 3352: 3305: 3174: 3076: 2963: 2822: 2661: 2615: 2564: 2560: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2529: 2521: 2482: 2435: 2429: 2417: 2413: 2067: 2010:

seized power from the central government and the aristocracy and established a

1769: 1616: 1402: 1043: 578: 509: 466: 180: 12286:

Japan's First Modern War: Army and Society in the Conflict with China, 1894–95

11723:"Imperial Japan saw itself as a "warrior nation" – and the idea lingers today" 10413: 9211: 9139: 7395: 7230: 5157: 4121: 3228: 2439: 2381: 1538:

sent envoys to China to recognize their dominion of the Japanese Islands. The

14789: 13966: 13878: 13867: 13636: 13500: 13256: 12786: 11920: 11596: 11562: 10685:"U.S. sends bombers over disputed South China Sea for second time in 10 days" 10629: 10442:"Trump muses privately about ending "unfair" postwar U.S.-Japan defense pact" 10009: 9414: 8900: 8384: 8267: 7269: 6822: 6816: 6608: 6447: 6396: 6351: 6290: 6281: 6170: 6105: 6104:

is one of the few international waterways through which China can access the

6101: 6097: 6093: 6068: 6035: 5919: 5821: 5640: 5560: 5393: 5227: 5139:

Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan

4852: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4656: 4442:

but suffered significant defeats or were forced to retreat at the battles of

4291:. Politically, he was a fascist, nationalist, and militarist. Tojo served as 4205: 4166: 3995: 3798: 3794: 3588: 3403: 3301: 3297: 3202: 3142: 3122: 2994: 2787: 2649: 2343: 2186: 2011: 2003: 1815: 1799: 1698: 1583: 1527: 1460: 1224: 1184: 836: 831: 136: 13209: 12981: 12099:

Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David. "The Immediate Origins of the War". In

11944: 8526: 7755: 5567: 5450:. Despite being the third largest national economy in the world in terms of 4946:

was mostly written by the United States and under the guidelines of General

4659:

of America. So the Japanese thought it was better to accept the humiliating

2645: 2288: 2201:. The second victory was at the Battle of Torikai-Gata where the samurai of 1554:). Yamato Japan had close relations with the southwestern Korean kingdom of 707: 14545: 14058: 14034: 13977: 13843: 13671: 13490: 13015: 13003: 12998: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12402: 11601: 9029: 7914: 7585: 7436: 7333: 6853:– dedicated to documenting the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in World War II. 6797:

with Japanese aviation, planes, technology, tokusatsu and military history.

6640: 6473: 6454: 6177: 6057: 6016: 5930:(HAC) exercised together for the first time with Japanese GSDF soldiers in 5885: 5817: 5782: 5735: 5613: 5575: 5404: 5285: 5273: 5203: 5184: 4988: 4971: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4895: 4604: 4387: 4322: 4239: 4235: 4201: 4060: 3687: 3663: 3629: 3611: 3545: 3536:

Class distinctions were mostly eliminated during modernization to create a

3514: 3494: 3243: 3218: 3158: 3150: 3117:

Japan was determined to avoid the fate of other Asian countries which were

2939: 2794: 2771: 2767:. In the second half of the 16th century, Japan was first fully unified by 2692: 2588: 2525: 2210: 2178: 2110: 1832: 1722: 1593: 1589: 1559: 1468: 1426: 1410: 1208: 868: 532: 426: 398: 384: 370: 272: 172: 13226: 13053: 12121: 9645: 9619:(Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), 7 January 1955, Volume 28, Number 137, page 2. 8671: 7803: 7199:

The Ministry of Defense Reorganized: For the Support of Peace and Security

5191:. They should be kept at a minimum and used as tactical weapons. The 1951 4869: 2744: 2478: 2365: 2311: 739: 476: 188: 13246: 13010: 12796: 12268: 12176: 11633: 11528: 10737:

Japan activates first marines since WW2 to bolster defenses against China

10334: 9057:

Military Trials of War Criminals in the Netherlands East Indies 1946–1949

7567: 7011: 6698: 6624: 6210: 6155: 5972: 5950: 5466: 5451: 5420: 5296: 5235: 5207: 5055:

lasted longer than any other alliance between two great powers since the

4783: 4574:

Military Trials of War Criminals in the Netherlands East Indies 1946–1949

4498: 4391: 4284: 4274: 4266: 4243: 4097: 4023: 3983: 3603: 3349: 3162: 2986: 2676: 2611: 2306:

and represents the ideal of samurai loyalty. Kusunoki fought against the

2230: 2037: 1652: 1646: 1632: 1558:. In 663, Japan, supporting Baekje, was defeated by the allied forces of 1539: 1475: 1441: 806: 412: 268: 248: 160: 13080: 10324: 10322: 5639:

The Japanese are concerned about a gradual decline in commitment by the

5601: 2850:. This made Ieyasu the nominal ruler of the whole country of Japan. The 2847: 2825:

on October 21, 1600. This was a huge battle between the forces loyal to

2447: 2408: 1664: 196: 13903: 13268: 13170: 13118: 13031: 12204:(Jan 2006) v 70#1, pp 137–82. Historiographical overview of major books 11847:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: Burns and Oates. pp. 331–350 11804: 9291:

When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan

9263:

Gaijin Shogun : Gen. Douglas MacArthur Stepfather of Postwar Japan

7324: 7307: 6726: 6636: 6601: 6536: 6416: 6362: 6347: 6294: 6250: 6202: 6112:

which are owned by Japan, but claimed by China. This puts the Southern

5786: 5749: 5745:

was established to coordinate the national security policies of Japan.

5443: 5439: 5416: 5316: 5180: 5003: 4999: 4791: 4569: 4466:, leading to the greatest defeat in Japanese history up to that point. 4356: 3741: 3530: 3326: 3312:(1868–1869) to honor those who died for the Emperor. It was renamed to 3309: 3267: 3146: 3026: 2893: 2872: 2267: 2242: 2129: 1995: 1958:(feudal lords) in the early 11th century. The Daimyō were protected by 1922: 1828: 1811: 1807: 1739: 1531: 1479: 878: 861: 608: 557: 443: 224: 176: 12193: 11268:"40% back Abe-proposed approach to revise pacifist Constitution: poll" 11036:"With massive F-35 increase, Japan is now biggest international buyer" 10628:. International Cooperation Bureau, MOFA. 1 April 2017. Archived from 9706:

The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices

7884:

Goryeosa volume 104 episode 17 "invasion of Tsushima and annihilation"

7350:

Diachrony of Verb Morphology: Japanese and the Transeurasian Languages

7205:. Tokyo: Japan Ministry of Defense. 2007. pp. 4–5. Archived from 6312:

said it is a "pivotal moment in the history of Japan-Australia ties".

6265:

This could make it more difficult to manage threats from North Korea.

3728:

to Japan. China also had to pay a war indemnity of 200 million Kuping

1872: 14493: 14366: 13993: 13296: 13140: 13130: 12378:

Japanese Military Strategy in the Pacific War: Was Defeat Inevitable?

10319: 9928:

The Gulf Conflict 1990–1991: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order

8303: 8301: 6943: 6713:, entertainment, art and feudal castles. Cultural practices like the 6664: 6477: 6261: 6108:. There is also increased Chinese naval and aerial activity near the 6084: 5975:

conducted their first joint military exercise in the Indian state of

5915: 5838: 5570:

said that Japan's constitution did not necessarily ban possession of

4629: 4592: 4521: 4262: 4258: 4170: 3950:

conducted the world's first sea-launched air raids in September 1914.

3903: 3675: 3637: 3518: 3154: 3134: 3087: 3005: 2206: 2063: 1906: 1515: 1360: 1126: 904: 624: 598: 152: 12246:

Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army

11796: 10576:"U.S., Japan unveil new defense guidelines for global Japanese role" 9472:[Japan Maritime Self Defense Force in the New Maritime Era] 6424: 6412: 6376: 6161:. It was also the first extended naval deployment of marines of the 5793:

and military legislation have expanded the role of the JSDF such as

2956: 2839: 2768: 2760: 2714: 2473: 2455: 2058:. The political system that Yoritomo developed with a succession of 1954: 1772:, over political power and control of the line of succession to the 1681: 1445: 1160: 1152: 11390:"Japan lists China as bigger threat than nuclear-armed North Korea" 10812:"Japan developing supersonic glide bombs to defend Senkaku Islands" 8359:"How U.S. Economic Warfare Provoked Japan's Attack on Pearl Harbor" 6875: 6660: 6439: 6436: 6404: 6343: 6273:

and its antagonistic behavior threatens Japan and other countries.

6148: 5731: 5327: 4995: 4984: 4935: 4821: 4755: 4672: 4596: 4270: 3721: 3474: 3236: 2982: 2966:, which took place in 1614–1615, was essentially the last gasp for 2739: 2688: 2672: 2511: 2496: 2189:

and Koreans. They arrived on ships and seized the Japanese islands

2116: 1984: 1940:, and this saw a large growth in the size of military forces, with 1914: 1656: 1620: 1547: 1436: 284: 13987: 12157: 9834:

Japanese Army Stragglers and Memories of the War in Japan, 1950–75

9532:

An Inoffensive Rearmament: The Making of the Postwar Japanese Army

8493:

Norman, E. Herbert and Lawrence Timothy Woods. "The Restoration."

8298: 6588:

were descendants of medium or lower ranking samurai families from

6581: 6577: 4898:, Japan was deprived of any military capability after signing the 2927: 2205:

and Shiraishi Michiyasu killed 3,500 Mongols. The Mongol army and

2137: 1842: 1732: 1623:. These gifts triggered a powerful burst of interest in Buddhism. 1352: 14109: 13999: 13926: 13921: 12807: 12260:

Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security

10741: 10390:"Defending Allies: Here is how much US Gains from Policing World" 10188: 9930:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. Print. 9893:. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. xii (preface). 9594: 9189:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. p. 9. Archived from 7029: 6738: 6734: 6690: 6644: 6612: 6530: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6469: 6451: 6432: 6384: 6192: 6181: 5976: 4998:

and Japan did not have adequate forces to counter it. During the

4857: 4763: 4648: 4542: 4533: 4512:

During the Pacific War, some units of the Imperial Japanese Army

4186: 4031: 3557: 3549: 3541: 3414: 3368: 3360: 3209:

pushed the Empire of Japan into conflict with the United States.

3067: 2917: 2900:

This period was one of relative peace under the authority of the

2786:

in 1600. This resulted in 268 years of uninterrupted rule by the

2696: 2507: 2262: 2163: 2102: 2042: 2019: 1959: 1941: 1885: 1788: 1672: 1499: 1495: 1168: 1141: 12334:

Tarling, Nicholas. "The Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia."

11972: 5446:

announced a plan to expand the number of permanent seats on the

5403:

Since 1991 the JSDF has participated in dozens of international

4710:. The Allies (led by the United States) repatriated millions of 4632:. The surrender was accepted, from a Japanese delegation led by 3489:. The second French Military Mission also helped reorganize the 2801:

requested passage through the Korean peninsula from the King of

2380:

was established in 1336, and a series of conflicts known as the

2346:

government posthumously gave Kusunoki the highest decoration of

1534:

plain with considerable control over the surrounding areas. The

1270:. The Prime Minister and Minister of Defense are advised by the 1175:- only the aristocratic nobility nominally outranked them. The 14009: 13931: 13908: 13893: 13848: 13182: 12391: 12081: 11524:"Chinese buying up land around military bases in Japan: report" 10950:"U.S. carrier leads warships in biggest Japan defense war game" 7306:

Timothy Jinam; Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama; Naruya Saitou (2015).

6834: 6749:

These are significant museums about Japanese military history.

6428: 6380: 5563:

in December 2006, and has been enforced since January 9, 2007.

4837: 4759: 4751: 4458:

turned, as the Japanese forces suffered catastrophic losses at

4430:. The Allies turned the tide of war at sea in mid-1942, at the 4246: 3725: 3648: 3644: 3283: 3279: 3083: 3013: 2974: 2951: 2802: 2518: 2389: 2246: 2194: 2106: 2098: 1962:

and they dominated Japan's internal politics. This brought the

1710: 1706: 1601: 1555: 1510: 1483: 1451: 1176: 1145: 583: 12347:

From ally to enemy: Anglo-Japanese military relations, 1900–45

12171:

Heavenly Warriors: The Evolution of Japan's Military, 500–1300

12164:

Warriors of the Rising Sun: A History of the Japanese Military

9965:. Japan Ministry of Defense. December 24, 2011. Archived from 9018:

The Knights of Bushido, a short history of Japanese War Crimes

6663:

country. The former soldiers gained other professions such as

5998:

Number of scrambles and its breakdown of the JASDF (2010–2018)

5903:. The anti-surface strike capability will be used to help the 5187:

explained that Japan's constitution doesn't ban possession of

5168:, Japan is considered to be "nuclear capable", i.e., it could 4950:. This changed Japan's previous authoritarian system of quasi- 4370:

and against several other countries on 7–8 December 1941, the

1626:

In 663, near the end of the Korean Three Kingdoms period, the

1305: 13983: 13833: 13829: 12838: 11416:"U.S. Military says Japan must inform public of China threat" 10522:"Jail in Japan for cannabis in Canada? Possible but unlikely" 9631:

A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa times to the Present

9557: 9377:"Resurgent Japan military 'can stand toe to toe with anybody" 9357:"Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: Japan, 1900 a.d.–present" 8756:

The Way of the Heavenly Sword: The Japanese Army in the 1920s

8521:] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Oraisha, Showa 46. 8310:

A modern history of Japan: From Tokugawa times to the present

7101: 7099: 7034: 6871: 6621: 6277: 6056:

On 19 April 2019, Japan and the United States confirmed that

5911: 5896: 5881: 5804:, a series of laws that allow Japan's Self-Defense Forces to 4733: 4675:

was released to the public. The last sentence is indicative:

4278: 4238:

signed a neutrality pact and Japan increased pressure on the

3998:

in 1914. Japan quickly seized the German island colonies the

3843:(1894–1895), and the humiliation of the forced return of the 3679: 3478: 3449: 3322: 2467: 2459: 2133: 1980: 1850: 1660: 1612: 1563: 1494:, Nashonmi in Chinese) with a tribute of slaves and cloth to 1432: 1414: 1406: 1398: 1368: 1309: 1164: 112: 108: 42: 12098: 12078:

The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero

11891:

A Modern History of Japan From Tokugawa Times to the Present

11418:. Bloomberg, republished on Eurasia Diary. 21 October 2019. 10872:"Japan to develop hypersonic missile for "defense purposes"" 9703:

Kurt M. Campbell; Robert J. Einhorn; Mitchell Reiss (2004).

9615:

Associated Press, "Jap Air Force Will Get 85 U. S. Planes",

8944:"Battle of Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of the Pacific War" 8677: 7273: 6907:

Military ranks and insignia of the Japan Self-Defense Forces

6686:

for being the military governor of Japan from 1945 to 1951.

3825: 3141:

restored practical abilities and the political system under

2877: 1822:. Each side had a large number of smaller allied clans. The 11502:"Chinese Military Seen Behind Japan Cyberattacks, NHK Says" 10898:"Japan's silent submarines extend range with new batteries" 10677: 10259:

https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/siryou/131217anzenhoshou/nss-e.pdf

8629:

Japanese Assimilation Policies in Colonial Korea, 1910–1945

8084: 8046: 7833:, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, (1984) 1991. 7163:"Japan Maritime Self Defense Force in the New Maritime Era" 6484:. Japanese feudal society was also stratified, but had the 6298: 6225:

being signed. There are territorial disputes involving the

6092:

vessels (PLAN) increasingly make incursions in the Western

5945:

in the 2019 Defense Budget. It could travel five times the

5351: 5111: 5099: 4469:

From 1943 onwards, hard-fought campaigns at the battles of

3937: 3748:, who became the first Japanese Governor-General of Korea. 3729: 3652: 3502: 3407: 3382:

In 1873, the Imperial government asked the newly appointed

2814:

ordered the remaining Japanese forces in Korea to retreat.

2747:, a group of monks and lay religious zealots, turned their 2502: 2024: 1891: 1802:, which almost exclusively monopolized the post of regent ( 1455: 1394: 1138: 11360:"Japan's Abe hopes for reform of pacifist charter by 2020" 11176: 9354: 7096: 6461:, a class that was practically above the aristocracy. Few 5477:

and tried to escape. 12 patrol boats and 13 planes of the

4853:

Shōwa era, Occupation (1945–1952) and Post-war (1952–1989)

4333:(1904–1905). He oversaw many naval operations such as the 3552:. They shared a set of values and outlooks that supported 2506:), archers, and, later, gunners serving alongside mounted 1966:

into a period of 150 years of fractious disunity and war.

11820:"Letter from Japan, to the Society of Jesus at Goa, 1552" 11091:"US to defend Japan from cyberattack under security pact" 10541: 10004:

O'Sullivan, Michael; Subramanian, Krithika (2015-10-17).

10003: 9933: 9113: 9087: 8659: 7857: 7842: 6391:

for 676 years (from 1192 till 1868). In 1192, the shōgun

6316: 6026:

reported in fiscal 2018 that there were 999 scrambles by

5222:. He continued his campaign after WWII for 29 years in a 4087: 3921: 3567:

was enacted on November 29, 1890. It was a form of mixed

3099: 2989:

villagers and Japanese settlers. In 1669, an Ainu leader

2729: 2595:'s rise to power. Many of these designs were used by the 1167:

for 676 years - from 1192 until 1868. The Shōgun and the

1148: 11781:

Pacheco, Diego (Winter 1974). "Xavier and Tanegashima".

11121:"Japan deploying longer-range missiles to counter China" 7951:. Overlook Duckworth. pp. 160, 164, 173, 175, 180. 7908:

100 decisive battles: from ancient times to the present,

7493:

Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia

6639:

in 1870. So most leaders in Japanese society during the

6492:

permeated through Japanese culture and society. Such as

6165:. The first exercise was a four-way sail-through in the 5730:

is the largest and most active US Air Force base in the

4227:

and occupied its naval and air bases in September 1940.

3886:

3 torpedo boats. This overwhelming victory made admiral

2074:. When Yoritomo's sons and heirs were assassinated, the 11973:

R. H. P. Mason; John Godwin Caiger (15 November 1997).

10494: 9138:. Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Archived from 8065: 5907:'s landing and recapture operations of remote islands. 5122:) was established as a new branch of the JSDF. General 5032:, the waterborne counterpart of NPR, was also founded. 4794:. However, the Kuril Islands weren't included due to a 3133:

resigned which ended the Tokugawa dynasty and the last

2477:, who battled each other, religious factions (e.g. the 2022:

gained political power over the aristocratic nobility (

12180:

Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan

11962:. No. 31373. London. 18 February 1885. p. 6. 10406: 9915:

economic powerhouses such as Germany, Italy and Japan.

8482:

Yamagata Aritomo in the Rise of Modern Japan 1838–1922

7893:『高麗史』巻八十七　表巻第二「十月、金方慶與元元帥忽敦洪茶丘等征日本、至壹岐戰敗、軍不還者萬三千五百餘人」 7825: 7823: 4991:

produced strong pacifist sentiments among the nation.

2261:

The equipment, tactics, and military attitudes of the

12149:(Columbia UP, 1974), Covers, pp 3–117; historiography 11747: 11496: 11494: 10900:. Nikkei Asian Review. 5 October 2018. Archived from 10599:"Japan enacts major changes to its self-defense laws" 10186:[Japan's Elite Forces & Special Forces]. 9980: 9978: 9976: 9941:"Gulf war trauma began Japan's retreat from pacifism" 7287: 6019:. Russia frequently conducts flights orbiting Japan. 5465:

was a six hour long confrontation with an undercover

5430:

since 18 December 1956 and served as a non-permanent

4966:-based political system. The constitution guarantees 3751: 2655: 2412:

Depiction of the legendary personal conflict between

2368:, an uprising against the shogunate organized by the 2250:

left before dawn. This caused the Yuan to retreat to

1151:

that culminated in military governments known as the

11725:. The Conversation. 22 December 2017. Archived from 11207:"Warship shows Japan's plan to expand military role" 10623:"Priority Policy for Development Cooperation FY2017" 10434: 10263: 10006:

The End of Globalization or a more Multipolar World?

8729: 8216: 8197: 8178: 7689:. Vol. 17. World Book. 1992. pp. 432–433. 7410: 6342:

reported that Chinese capital had purchased land in

6038:) violated Japanese airspace twice on the same day. 5800:

On 18 September 2015, the National Diet enacted the

5778:

Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation (2015)

5722:, but now only a small portion of it is used by the 3829:

Cavalry combat between the Japanese and Russian army

3304:

called Tōkyō Shōkonsha in Kudan, Tokyo (present-day

2082:(1274 and 1281) were the most important wars of the 1514:

Iron helmet and armour with gilt bronze decoration,

1137:

1000 BC) to the present day. After a long period of

12154:

Japan's Imperial Army: Its Rise and Fall, 1853–1945

12147:

Japan's foreign policy, 1868–1941: a research guide

11442:"Japan and India sign military supply-sharing pact" 10926:. Moneycontrol.com. 1 November 2018. Archived from 10549:"The Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation" 10351:. US Navy Website. 18 December 2018. Archived from 10113:"China confirmed as World's Second Largest Economy" 9796:(17 February 2011). Retrieved on 16 September 2011. 9780:(12 November 2010). Retrieved on 16 September 2011. 9746:

The Seventh Decade: The New Shape of Nuclear Danger

8351: 8126:. Tokyo: Boulder, CO: Westview Press. p. 133. 7820: 5926:. Such as on 2 October 2018, British troops of the 5864:. Japan did not have an amphibious force since the 5249:of the Imperial Japanese army. He was stationed on 5048:

Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan

4434:. Japanese land forces continued to advance in the 2132:. He created the finest swords and daggers (called 1417:. Some human remains were found with arrow wounds. 12198:Gordon, David M. "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945" 11749: 11491: 10713:. Yahoo! News Japan. 19 March 2019. Archived from 10703: 10615: 9973: 9656:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 9649: 9643: 9260: 8632:. University of Washington Press. pp. 82–83. 8600: 8361:. Mises Institute. 7 December 2012. Archived from 7441:Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology 7437:"A Comment on the Yayoi Period Dating Controversy" 7132:"Japan military legislation changes draw protests" 6304:Australia and Japan agreed in-principle to sign a 5102:. The Coastal Safety Force was reorganized as the 4942:had near complete control over Japanese politics. 4621:was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship 3481:. The second Army Academy was built by the second 2837:. In 1603, Ieyasu was appointed with the title of 1818:clans. They fought for control over the declining 1671:Much of the discipline, weapons, and armor of the 1619:, some Buddhist scriptures, and a letter praising 1542:states that the Yamato were strong enough to have 1420: 14448:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo 11408: 10924:"India-Japan military exercise begins in Mizoram" 10729: 10293: 10235:"Japan Announces Defense Policy to Counter China" 9997: 9709:. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 243–246. 9565:"Japan Self-Defense Force | Defending Japan" 9254: 9252: 6651:to dominate the political and social life of the 6354:intends to pass a foreign land use control bill. 6173:with France, United States, Australia and Japan. 5291:Japan had record high economic growth during the 4524:. Between 1937 and 1945, approximately 7,357,000 4305:was the most famous military commander. He was a 3020:in Japan in the 1850s, and the forced so-called " 2981:. In the far north of the country, the island of 2471:) and other local samurai leaders emerged as the 1678:The Nara period saw the appointment of the first 1498:in China, establishing diplomatic relations with 14787: 11460: 11330:"Abe declares 2020 as goal for new Constitution" 11328:Osaki, Tomohiro; Kikuchi, Daisuke (3 May 2017). 11186:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 10778: 10711:"自衛隊への好印象度は89.8％ (Good impression of SDF 89.8%)" 10687:. The Japan Times. 14 March 2019. Archived from 10466: 7678: 6357: 6176:On May 28, 2019, President of the United States 5334:couldn't participate due to restrictions of the 5059:treaties in 1648. Accordingly, in mid-1952, the 3598: 3016:policy between 1853 and 1867. The appearance of 2494:composition of the army changed, with masses of 2220: 1701:granted the second title of Sei-i Tai-shōgun to 1320: 1300: 1195:policies impacted on Japan's outlook and led to 11715: 10271:"Japan boosts military forces to counter China" 10226: 9775:Japanese holdouts fought for decades after WWII 9548: 9507:"The United States-Japan Security Treaty at 50" 7664:. Stanford University Press. pp. 302–303. 6884:– dedicated to the art of Japanese swordmaking. 6672: 6472:class in Japan. Feudal China had four classes: 6124:. There are currently no plans to build bigger 5550: 5525: 5350:and humanitarian, reconstruction assistance in 5214:in 1974. Onoda was an intelligence officer and 5023: 4696: 3713: 3466: 3184:A map of the Japanese advance from 1937 to 1942 3043: 2353: 2149: 1889: 1286: 12076:Steinberg, John W.; et al., eds. (2005). 11895:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 10834: 10647: 10303:. East Asia Forum. 6 June 2019. Archived from 9955: 9880: 9696: 9409:. National Institute for Defense Studies: 96. 9249: 9179: 8241:Miyamoto Musashi, trans.S. F. Kaufman (1994), 7708: 7706: 6825:– it has a 1/10 scale model of the battleship 6679: 5544: 5519: 5516:) endorsed a bill elevating the Defense Agency 5017: 4737: 4703: 3707: 3556:. Thus the military class that began with the 3460: 3444:The principal officer training school for the 3391: 3379:and one of the main founders of modern Japan. 3121:. The Japanese people and the government with 3032: 2450:(1467–1477). This was a civil war between the 2121: 1969: 1898: 1546:against the powerful northern Korean state of 1359:culture that reached a considerable degree of 1280: 14111:History of World War II by region and country 14095: 12823: 12418: 12336:SEJARAH: Journal of the Department of History 12220:United States Army Center of Military History 11548: 11466: 10982:. Japan Ministry of Defense. 26 August 2018. 10655:"What does the "Indo-Pacific strategy" mean?" 10469:"Japan to Form Own National Security Council" 9677: 8654:Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 7880: 7878: 7419: 6596:. They were instrumental in overthrowing the 5760: 4516:. This was in particular the mistreatment of 4112:Development of Japanese tanks in World War II 3643:The conflict was primarily over influence in 2395: 1716: 1577: 1171:warriors stood near the apex of the Japanese 1102: 12432: 12253:Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 11616: 11352: 11327: 11179:"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2018" 9850: 9767: 9458: 9456: 8121: 7858:Fujishiro, Yoshio; Fujishiro Matsuo (1935). 7843:Fujishiro, Yoshio; Fujishiro Matsuo (1935). 6744: 6568:consolidated the political system under the 5473:. The spy ship did not heed warnings of the 4987:country since September 1945. The trauma of 4265:; the United States, Great Britain, and the 3736:. Korea was fully annexed by Japan with the 3674:. For the first time, regional dominance in 2680:army compositions, and castle architecture. 1375:in 1877 and subsequently translated it into 12022: 11822:(letter). Letter to Society of Jesus at Goa 11591:第35回　教科書から『士農工商』が消えたー後編ー　令和3年広報うき「ウキカラ」8月号 11516: 11434: 11382: 11299:"Abe's New Vision for Japan's Constitution" 11260: 11170: 10027: 9783: 9500: 9498: 9060:. Oxford University Press. pp. 31–32. 8851: 8748: 8665: 8342: 8095:sfn error: no target: CITEREFTurnbull1998 ( 8076:sfn error: no target: CITEREFTurnbull2013 ( 8057:sfn error: no target: CITEREFTurnbull1998 ( 7703: 7598:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 7510:. Cambridge University Press. p. 119. 6415:and revered as the sovereign, but merely a 6221:due to territorial disputes that prevent a 6078: 6002:Since 2008, the number of scrambles by the 5938:said that Japan won't have to fight alone. 5831:territorial disputes in the South China Sea 5149:Japan is the only country to have suffered 5098:), which is the de facto post-war Japanese 4994:There were growing external threats of the 4555:therefore explains why the Japanese in the 3114:to cast cannons. It was completed in 1857. 2930:who lived from 1584 to 1645. He became the 2618:, developed the Japanese equivalent of the 2364:The shogunate fell in the wake of the 1331 1640: 1393:), villages and towns became surrounded by 14102: 14088: 12830: 12816: 12425: 12411: 12272:Yamamoto: The Man Who Planned Pearl Harbor 12047:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11844:The life and letters of St. Francis Xavier 11582: 9805: 9735: 9733: 9344:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 50–56. 9294:. Harvard University Press. pp. 1–4. 8964: 8845: 8740:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPeattie2007 ( 8312:. New York : Oxford University Press. 7875: 7540: 7462:Historical Dictionary of Japanese Business 6643:(military, politics and business) were ex- 5849:found 89.8% have a good impression of the 5321: 4355:was arguably the most successful Japanese 3223: 2175:the Mongols conquered and controlled China 1109: 1095: 11840: 10972: 10301:"Japan's awakening to a multipolar world" 9989:. The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. 9587:"Military Conscription Policy by Country" 9453: 9319:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 9083:"What Japanese history lessons leave out" 9080: 8227:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBryant1995 ( 8110:Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume One 8007:. Stanford University Press. p. 53. 7928: 7575: 7505: 7499: 7495:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 13. 7366: 7323: 5987:. A naval supply ship and frigate of the 5702:. 130 USAF fighters are stationed in the 5400:in the world with just 1% of GDP (2011). 5310: 4911:that it was occupied by a foreign power. 3308:). It was established in the wake of the 2866: 2805:. Upon being refused, Hideyoshi launched 2778:. The third daimyō who unified Japan was 11756:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 10874:. UPI. 19 September 2018. Archived from 10573: 10387: 9993:from the original on September 30, 2018. 9984: 9825: 9799: 9668:See section 2: "The Self Defense Forces" 9529: 9495: 9393: 8789: 8611:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPaine2003 ( 8510: 8208:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDavis1999 ( 8189:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDavis1999 ( 8090: 8071: 8052: 8027: 8021: 7346: 7264:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. 6361: 5993: 5833:, because China claims nearly the whole 5764: 5589: 5501:with the mandate under the JGSDF as its 5371: 4856: 4587:On 6 August and 9 August 1945, the U.S. 4363:with an estimated 120 to 150 victories. 3824: 3662:The war demonstrated the failure of the 3602: 3242: 3227: 3212: 3179: 2876: 2728: 2721: 2713: 2695:cut down charging ranks of thousands of 2644: 2633: 2407: 2399: 2287: 2277: 2153: 1979: 1862: 1849: 1841: 1596:. Ancient Japan had close ties with the 1509: 1304: 1181:arrival of U.S. Admiral Matthew C. Perry 1125:covers a vast time-period of over three 13103:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) 12008:Japanese Tokko Soldiers and Their Jisei 11780: 11698:An Introduction to the History of Japan 11694: 11656: 11145: 10551:. Ministry of Defense. April 27, 2015. 10460: 10232: 10137: 9831: 9730: 9637: 9339: 9314: 8802:Hirohito and the making of modern Japan 8735: 8700:launched sea plane raids a year earlier 8274:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 8032:. Arms and Armour Press. pp. 7–8. 7996: 7978:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 7192: 7190: 7153: 7151: 7149: 6845:Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots 6120:carriers. Each Izumo can carry just 10 5052:United States forces stationed in Japan 4778:also historically belong to Japan. The 4726:Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers 4428:air and naval attacks against Australia 4161:Already controlling the area along the 4080:, which was the first purpose-designed 3854:These dispositions culminated with the 3452:in 1868. It was renamed in 1874 to the 3192:which caused Japan to participate as a 2514:, and then into hand-to-hand fighting. 2500:, footsoldiers armed with long lances ( 1562:and the southeastern Korean kingdom of 1463:are descendants of both the Indigenous 1144:until the 12th century, there followed 14788: 12303:(Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, 1969) 12207: 12173:(Harvard East Asian Monographs) (1996) 12080:. History of Warfare/29. Vol. I. 11919: 11886: 11880: 11817: 11444:. The Japan Times. 10 September 2020. 11123:. Asahi. 30 April 2019. Archived from 10596: 10520:Jones, Colin P. A. (8 November 2018). 10495:Justin McCurry in Tokyo (2014-07-01). 10418:. U.S. Forces Japan. 17 January 2019. 9926:Freedman, Lawrence, and Efraim Karsh. 9886: 9739: 9628: 9379:. CNN. 7 December 2016. Archived from 9258: 9023: 8625: 8383: 8307: 8222: 8146: 8002: 7971: 7965: 7659: 7653: 7457: 7428: 7381: 7110:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 43–44. 6546:. Francis described Japan as follows: 6289:and to share food, fuel, spare parts. 6255:Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution 4880:Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution 4847: 4386:became part of the global conflict of 4088:Shōwa era and World War II (1926–1945) 3922:Taishō era and World War I (1912–1926) 3890:one of Japan's greatest naval heroes. 3847:to China under Russian pressure (the " 3770: 2861: 2517:The long-standing rivalry between the 2217:which means "divinely conjured wind". 1159:records that a military class and the 14083: 12811: 12406: 11033: 10519: 10467:Alexander Martin (21 November 2013). 10349:"Commander Fleet Activities Yokosuka" 10341: 10233:Fackler, Martin (December 16, 2010). 10158:"Japan says "spy ship" fired rockets" 10146:from the original on October 6, 2018. 10110: 9836:. RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 160–178. 9644:Dolan, Ronald; Robert Worden (1992). 9584: 9534:. Naval Institute Press. p. 72. 9317:The Cambridge History of Japan Vol. 6 9053: 8990: 8965:Manchester, William (June 14, 1987). 8709: 8619: 8606: 8519:A History of Budo in the Meiji Period 8266: 8203: 8184: 7434: 7157: 6997:History of Japanese foreign relations 6975:Japan and weapons of mass destruction 6512:Haonan budang Bing, Hao tie bu dading 6253:set a 2020 deadline for revising the 6053:from 19 April till 30 November 2019. 5146:between Japan and the United States. 4293:Prime Minister of the Empire of Japan 4269:imposed an embargo (22 July 1941) on 4216:, and recalled its military advisor ( 3820: 3628:was fought against the forces of the 3501:and Joseph Kiehl were members of the 3377:Three Great Nobles of the Restoration 2446:was disrupted by the outbreak of the 2273: 1884:coincided with the ascendancy of the 1798:struggled against the control of the 12212:. In Kent Roberts Greenfield (ed.). 12055: 11979:. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 152–. 10586:from the original on March 22, 2016. 10330:Basics of the U.S. military presence 9791:Japan: No Surrender in World War Two 9633:. New York: Oxford University Press. 9462: 9434: 9403:NIDS Journal of Defense and Security 9287: 9162:"Memories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 8570: 8393:. Harvard University Press. p. 8348:Henry Kissinger On China. 2011 p. 79 8316: 8124:Premodern Japan: A Historical Survey 7943: 7937: 7293: 7187: 7146: 7078:in 1918 but she was completed after 6895: 6240:Attempts have been made by multiple 5458:Japan's policy was non-involvement. 4922:had almost zero influence in Japan. 4808:, aircraft carrier innovation (e.g. 4786:and then controlled by the Japanese 4287:was a politician and general of the 4208:, and Japan became allies under the 3560:in 1192 AD continued to rule Japan. 3119:colonized by western imperial powers 2793:With an ambition to conquer China's 2241:. The Eastern Route Army arrived at 2209:withdrew to their ships towards the 2169:fights back Mongol warriors in 1274. 2128:, is recognized as Japan's greatest 2126:, Priest Gorō Masamune, c.1264–1343) 2006:established the Kamakura shogunate. 1846:The Gosannen War in the 11th century 12323:(Stanford University Press, 1958); 11748:Daniel Crump Buchanan, ed. (1965). 11467:Victoria Craw (November 18, 2020). 11296: 11235: 10986:from the original on 26 August 2018 10818:. 25 September 2018. Archived from 10611:from the original on June 19, 2018. 10192:(in Japanese). 2004. Archived from 10176: 9947:. December 20, 2015. Archived from 9504: 9259:Valley, David J. (April 15, 2000). 9229:"Text of Hirohito's Radio Rescript" 8832: 8155:Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch 7490: 7105: 6163:Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade 5905:Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade 5858:Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade 5680:United States Department of Defense 5646:Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade 4349:. He became an exalted naval hero. 4074:, Japan developed and launched the 3595:was the actual head of government. 3565:Constitution of the Empire of Japan 3448:was established as the Heigakkō in 3396:, June 14, 1838 – February 1, 1922) 1526:By the end of the 4th century, the 1314:National Museum of Japanese History 13: 13279:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami 12837: 12359:. London: Cassell & Co. (1998) 12139: 11701:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 291. 10597:Slavin, Erik (18 September 2015). 10574:Mohammed, Arshad (28 April 2015). 10138:Wortzel, Larry (5 November 2011). 9858:"New era, new Self-Defense Forces" 9439:(in Japanese). 吉川弘文館. p. 23. 9109:"Japan textbook angers neighbours" 8548:"Meiji Constitution | 1889, Japan" 7730: 7262:Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) 7124: 6956:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service 6939:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service 6544:first westerners who visited Japan 6126:multi-purpose operation destroyers 5866:Imperial Japanese Navy Land Forces 5802:2015 Japanese military legislation 5607:after the exercise Keen Sword 2013 5110:), which is the de facto Japanese 4669:radio broadcast of recorded speech 4361:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service 3758:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895) 3752:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895) 3724:province as well as the island of 3668:attempts to modernize its military 3251:Bay, May 1869. In the foreground, 2656:Azuchi–Momoyama period (1568–1600) 2442:, peace under the relatively weak 1936:, Japan successfully repulsed the 1505: 1386:Near the end of the Jōmon period ( 14: 14807: 13146:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947) 12384: 12380:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2007). 11536:from the original on May 14, 2021 11034:Mehta, Aaron (18 December 2018). 10956:. 4 November 2018. Archived from 10555:from the original on June 8, 2019 10277:. 1 December 2013. Archived from 10111:Inman, James (January 21, 2011). 8678:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005 6693:and soldiers in literature (e.g. 6346:equivalent to the acreage of 513 6276:On September 10, 2020, Japan and 5962:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 5899:'s remote islands, including the 5674:of 1951. Most US military are in 5299:status again. It had the world's 5295:. By the 1970s Japan ascended to 5104:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 4930:under supervision of the Allies. 4503:"war trophies" or "war souvenirs" 2854:was the last shogunate until the 2821:was the last major battle of the 2070:, seized power from the Kamakura 1478:first referred to the nation of " 1248:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 80:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 14064: 14063: 14052: 12791: 12782: 12781: 12390: 12000: 11966: 11951: 11913: 11871: 11862: 11841:Coleridge, Henry James (1872) . 11834: 11811: 11774: 11741: 11688: 11508:. April 20, 2021. Archived from 11321: 11290: 11248:from the original on 30 May 2019 11229: 11217:from the original on 4 July 2019 11199: 11158:from the original on 4 June 2019 11139: 11113: 11083: 11053: 11027: 10998: 10942: 10916: 10890: 10864: 10848:. 2 October 2018. Archived from 10804: 10762:. 6 October 2018. Archived from 10748: 10590: 10567: 10513: 10488: 10415:The Mission of U.S. Forces Japan 10381: 10367: 10252: 10216:"Japan creates defense ministry" 10208: 10150: 10131: 10104: 10074: 10053: 9985:Narusawa, Muneo (28 July 2014). 9920: 9671: 9622: 9609: 9578: 9523: 9428: 9387: 9369: 9355:The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 9348: 9333: 9308: 9281: 9221: 8450:. Yasukuni.or.jp. Archived from 8112:(New York: Kodansha, 1983), 126. 6371:, higher than most court nobles. 5668:American military bases in Japan 4617:on 15 August 1945, and a formal 4528:due to military activity in the 4497:was the bloodiest battle of the 4140: 4120: 4106:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 4065:Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention 3957: 3936: 3483:French Military Mission to Japan 3207:Japanese Oil Embargo (1940–1941) 3057: 2660:This was the final phase of the 2314:(1331–1333) to restore power to 2298:One of the greatest samurai was 1990:Before the establishment of the 1749: 1731: 1588:This period is divided into the 322: 137:East Expedition of Emperor Jimmu 84: 72: 60: 41: 12364:The Samurai: A Military History 12201:The Journal of Military History 12110:The Journal of Military History 11448:from the original on 2020-09-10 11422:from the original on 2019-10-26 11396:from the original on 2019-10-10 11370:from the original on 2019-01-03 11340:from the original on 2019-03-02 11274:. 11 April 2019. Archived from 11097:. 20 April 2019. Archived from 11016:from the original on 2019-06-22 10661:. 11 March 2019. Archived from 10422:from the original on 2021-12-11 9864:. June 27, 2019. Archived from 9205: 9154: 9128: 9101: 9074: 9047: 9020:, Greenhill books, 2002, p.121. 9007: 8984: 8958: 8936: 8907: 8885: 8872: 8826: 8795: 8773: 8768:League of Nations Treaty Series 8761: 8712:"IJN Wakamiya Aircraft Carrier" 8703: 8683: 8646: 8591: 8564: 8540: 8504: 8487: 8474: 8465: 8440: 8423:: 基礎からわかる靖国神社問題】Q 戦前、戦後どんな役割？" 8411: 8377: 8328: 8286: 8260: 8248: 8235: 8140: 8115: 8103: 7919: 7896: 7887: 7866: 7851: 7836: 7796: 7776: 7644: 7631: 7606: 7524: 7484: 7451: 7375: 7055: 6851:Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum 6774:JGSDF Public Information Center 6763:and includes the retired JMSDF 6499:Hana wa sakuragi, hito wa bushi 5964:will utilize it by March 2020. 5837:and wants to control the vital 5448:United Nations Security Council 5426:Japan has been a member of the 5367: 5234:in 1974. Teruo Nakamura was an 5179:. Numerous politicians such as 5092:Japan Ground Self-Defense Force 5081:The war-renunciation clause of 5050:was signed. The treaty allowed 5039:ended after the signing of the 3965:Japanese aircraft carrier Hōshō 3744:, Prime Minister of Korea, and 2916:The lack of warfare caused the 2892:(greatly shortened) during the 2185:began with a combined force of 1888:over the aristocratic nobility 1858: 1421:Yayoi period (1000 BC – 300 AD) 1244:Japan Ground Self-Defense Force 68:Japan Ground Self-Defense Force 13632:Agriculture, forestry, fishing 12749:British Indian Ocean Territory 12222:. CMH Pub 70-7. Archived from 12062:, Cambridge University Press, 11557:「士農工商」や「四民平等」の用語が使われていないことについて 11392:. Reuters. 27 September 2019. 11146:Yoshida, Reiji (23 May 2019). 11067:. 2 April 2019. Archived from 10388:Zeynalov, Mahir (2017-12-25). 9567:. Defendingjapan.wordpress.com 8805:. HarperCollins. p. 244. 8514:明治武道史 [Meiji Budo-shi] 8501:. Retrieved on August 6, 2009. 7872:『高麗史』巻一百四列伝十七金方慶「入對馬島、撃殺甚衆」 7740:. Shōgakkan, 小学館. 2001. 奥州征伐. 7340: 7299: 7260:[JSDF: Organization]. 7248: 7223: 6929:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces 6217:, and unstable relations with 5712:U.S. Fleet Activities Yokosuka 5696:3rd Marine Expeditionary Force 5538:to full-fledged cabinet-level 5398:eighth-largest military budget 5202:The last Japanese soldiers of 5170:develop usable nuclear weapons 4918:, other countries such as the 4546:. ... The result was that the 4154:over the Solomon Islands, 1943 3587:. In reality, the Emperor was 3455:Imperial Japanese Army Academy 3233:Imperial Japanese Army Academy 2583:. After the death of Shingen, 2559:In the first conflict between 2376:under true Imperial rule, the 2062:as the head became known as a 1693:in 794 CE. The shōgun was the 1502:(the Chinese kingdom of Wei). 257:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1: 12329:A History of Japan: 1615–1867 12325:A History of Japan: 1334–1615 11752:Japanese Proverbs and Sayings 11672:(in Japanese). Archived from 11637:(in Japanese). Archived from 11600:(in Japanese). Archived from 11566:(in Japanese). Archived from 10082:"UK backs Japan for UNSC bid" 9808:"The last holdout of Morotai" 9806:Han Cheung (2 January 2016). 9678:John H. Large (May 2, 2005). 9216:Instrument of Surrender, WWII 8967:"The Bloodiest Battle Of All" 8425:(in Japanese). Archived from 8005:A History of Japan, 1334–1615 7458:Picken, Stuart D. B. (2007). 7089: 6358:Japan's militaristic heritage 6090:People's Liberation Army Navy 5845:A January 2018 survey by the 5748:In June 2014, Prime Minister 5585: 4926:was allowed to write its own 4796:dispute with the Soviet Union 3764:Japanese occupation of Taiwan 3599:Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) 3437:is regarded as the father of 3098:. The purpose was to protect 3050:Year of the Yang Earth Dragon 2718:Arquebusses of the Edo period 2624:Battles of the Sengoku period 2221:Second Mongol Invasion (1281) 1486:. She sent an emissary named 1387: 1347:and 1000 BC during which the 1340: 1321:Jōmon period (14,000–1000 BC) 1301:Prehistoric and Ancient Japan 1200: 1183:in 1853 and the elevation of 1134: 12373:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 12244:Harries, M. and S. Harries. 12056:Habu, Junko (29 July 2004), 11929:. Harvard University Press. 10980:"Airspace Surrounding Japan" 9652:Japan : A Country Study 9484:. 波涛編集委員会: 5. Archived from 9136:"Frequently Asked Questions" 8852:Mark Stille (20 June 2012). 7466:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 7416:Schirokauer et al., 133–143. 7002:List of wars involving Japan 6961:Special Naval Landing Forces 6793:– it has a museum about the 6555:Nakamura explained in 1843: 6465:lasted more than 600 years. 6287:U.N. peacekeeping operations 6213:, an increasingly assertive 6045:procurement from 42 to 147. 5928:Honourable Artillery Company 5666:The United States maintains 5648:and the modification of two 5162:Three Non-Nuclear Principles 5116:Japan Air Self-Defense Force 4934:was at the forefront of the 4782:were first inhabited by the 4582:caused international protest 3893:The Japanese victory in the 3865:was the flagship of admiral 3008:were the final years of the 2354:Muromachi period (1336–1467) 2150:First Mongol Invasion (1274) 1530:was well established on the 1268:Japanese Ministry of Defense 1252:Japan Air Self-Defense Force 1229:reinterpret the constitution 1223:(1951 onwards) requires the 293:List of wars involving Japan 265:Invasion of French Indochina 145:Expeditions of Empress Jingū 92:Japan Air Self-Defense Force 7: 13220:1923 Great Kantō earthquake 13166:Abolition of the han system 12023:Connaughton, R. M. (1988). 11236:Sim, Walter (28 May 2019). 10142:. The Heritage Foundation. 10037:. Sipri.org. Archived from 9237:. 15 August 1945. p. 3 9081:Mariko Oi (14 March 2013). 8577:. Berlin: Lit. p. 72. 8147:Hawley, Samuel Jay (2005). 7687:The World Book Encyclopedia 7312:Genes & Genetic Systems 6924:Ministry of Defense (Japan) 6890: 6870:– about the history of the 6673: 6450:only a few countries had a 6387:in the top of the Japanese 6306:Reciprocal Access Agreement 5958:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 5684:United States Seventh Fleet 5551: 5526: 5396:report in 2015. It has the 5380:Bell-Fuji UH-1H conducting 5024: 4816:submarine bomber carriers, 4697: 4299:against the United States. 3714: 3467: 3413:was born in a lower ranked 3190:Western imperialism in Asia 3157:to a modern industrialized 3044: 1970:Kamakura period (1185–1333) 1905:of the Imperial Court. The 1890: 1287: 1272:Chief of Staff, Joint Staff 237:Japanese invasion of Taiwan 10: 14812: 12369:Turnbull, Stephen (2002). 12366:New York: Macmillan, 1977. 12321:A History of Japan to 1334 12300:Bushido: The Soul of Japan 12210:"Japan's Decision for War" 12016: 11926:The Making of Modern Japan 10745:. Retrieved August 2, 2018 9832:Trefalt, Beatrice (2003). 9685:. R3126-A1. Archived from 8390:The Making of Modern Japan 8028:Turnbull, Stephen (1987). 7662:A History of Japan to 1334 7425:Silberman et al., 154–155. 7353:, De Gruyter, p. 26, 7347:Robbeets, Martine (2015), 6140:of the 1947 constitution. 6082: 5761:Global U.S.-Japan alliance 5578:expressed a similar view. 5314: 5153:in history. Thus in 1967, 4944:1947 Japanese constitution 4867: 4392:Pacific and Southeast Asia 4218:Alexander von Falkenhausen 4183:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 4109: 4091: 3925: 3873:, the Mikasa with Admiral 3832: 3774: 3755: 3738:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910 3617: 3216: 2999:Menashi–Kunashir Rebellion 2870: 2427: 2396:Sengoku period (1467–1603) 2357: 1973: 1779:With the exception of the 1720: 1717:Heian period (794–1185 AD) 1661:the Chinese writing system 1644: 1581: 1578:Yamato period (250–710 AD) 1424: 1324: 1213:1947 Japanese Constitution 14796:Military history of Japan 14730: 14481: 14344: 14298: 14220: 14117: 14047: 13815: 13693: 13684: 13627: 13618: 13553: 13430: 13426: 13417: 13330: 13321: 13289: 13232:Japan during World War II 13202: 13111: 13049:Mongol invasions of Japan 13024: 12949: 12876: 12867: 12849: 12777: 12736: 12696: 12438: 12397:Military history of Japan 9394:Kuzuhara, Kazumi (2006). 9267:. Title: Sektor Company. 9014:Lord Russell of Liverpool 8858:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 8691:Source:GlobalSecurity.org 8511:Watanabe, Ichiro (1971). 8336:The architecture of Tokyo 7804:"shogun | Japanese title" 7637:Varley, H. Paul. (1980). 7555:Journal of Human Genetics 7396:10.1017/s0003598x00093686 6902:Japan Self-Defense Forces 6745:Japanese military museums 6680: 6659:transformed Japan into a 6519: 6507: 6496:and the Japanese proverb 6187:, the second ship in the 6062:bilateral security treaty 5880:in Operation Kamandag in 5743:National Security Council 5741:On December 4, 2013, the 5559:. This was passed by the 5545: 5520: 5461:On 22 December 2001, the 5390:Japan Self-Defense Forces 5332:Japan Self-Defense Forces 5293:Japanese economic miracle 5264:had a low opinion of the 5076:Defense Agency (of Japan) 5046:On 8 September 1951, the 5018: 4874:Japan Self-Defense Forces 4738: 4704: 4683:Following the surrender, 4667:. On 15 August 1945, the 4440:Solomon Islands campaigns 4424:major offensives in Burma 4189:(the then capital of the 4177:) in 1931, following the 4094:Japan during World War II 3708: 3694:. Japan's victory of the 3487:Japan Ministry of Defense 3461: 3392: 3062:Since the first visit of 3033: 2942:(The Path of Aloneness). 2458:. The ancient capital of 2122: 2080:Mongol invasions of Japan 2050:was awarded the title of 1899: 1835:and the beginning of the 1281: 1240:Japan Self-Defense Forces 1217:Japan Self-Defense Forces 1199:and rampant imperialism ( 1123:military history of Japan 662:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 637:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 185:Mongol invasions of Japan 124: 119: 97: 53: 48:Japan Self-Defense Forces 36: 25: 21:Military History of Japan 20: 13506:House of Representatives 13302:2019 imperial transition 13274:Great Hanshin earthquake 13242:Second Sino-Japanese War 13215:Japan during World War I 12498:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 12433:Military history of Asia 12349:(Global Oriental, 2006). 11818:Xavier, Francis (1552). 11664: 11624: 11590: 11556: 9530:Kowalski, Frank (2014). 9468: 9436: 9340:Stephan, John J (1974). 8946:. HistoryNet. 2006-06-12 7713:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric 7506:Mizoguchi, Koji (2013). 7256: 7048: 7007:List of Japanese battles 6917:Military budget of Japan 6912:JSDF Overseas Dispatches 6806:The Naval History Museum 6205:poll showed 45% thought 6079:Reiwa era (2019–present) 6060:are also covered by the 5827:Belt and Road Initiative 5566:In 2007, Prime Minister 5499:Special Operations Group 5384:relief activities (2005) 5256:Throughout the post-war 5195:puts Japan under the US 5193:US-Japan Security Treaty 4904:Allied occupation forces 4840:human torpedoes and the 4645:Supreme Allied Commander 4589:dropped two atomic bombs 4384:Second Sino-Japanese War 4225:invaded French Indochina 4163:South Manchuria Railroad 4150:, flown by Japanese ace 4102:Second Sino-Japanese War 3994:, Japan declared war on 3928:Japan during World War I 3538:representative democracy 3249:Naval Battle of Hakodate 3188:Japan was influenced by 2579:and his younger brother 2160:Mongol invasion of Japan 1641:Nara period (710–794 AD) 874:Great Hanshin earthquake 792:Second Sino-Japanese War 261:Second Sino-Japanese War 213:Bombardment of Kagoshima 13189:First Sino-Japanese War 12759:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 12371:War in Japan: 1467–1615 12184:excerpt and text search 12169:Farris, William Wayne. 12101:Steinberg et al. (2005) 11887:Gordon, Andrew (2003). 10474:The Wall Street Journal 9887:Sterio, Milena (2013). 9629:Gordon, Andrew (2003). 9617:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 8552:Encyclopædia Britannica 8308:Andrew, Gordon (2003). 8003:Sansom, George (1961). 7975:The Nobility of Failure 7902:Davis, Paul K. (2001). 7808:Encyclopedia Britannica 7738:Nihon dai hyakka zensho 7660:Sansom, George (1958). 7618:Encyclopædia Britannica 7014:(Greater East Asia War) 6725:and poetry such as the 6719:monochrome ink painting 6431:(feudal lords) and the 5806:collective self-defense 5795:collective self-defense 5716:Yokosuka Naval District 5493:On March 27, 2004, the 5322:Departure from pacifism 5247:Takasago Volunteer Unit 5061:National Police Reserve 5041:Treaty of San Francisco 5008:National Police Reserve 4960:constitutional monarchy 4862:National Police Reserve 4746:was dismantled and all 4728:. Upon adoption of the 4619:Instrument of Surrender 4366:Following the Japanese 4343:Battle of the Coral Sea 4257:(with the exclusion of 4214:Sino-German cooperation 3841:First Sino-Japanese War 3807:Austro-Hungarian Empire 3696:First Sino-Japanese War 3620:First Sino-Japanese War 3431:Prime Minister of Japan 3337:since 1853 such as the 3224:Modern army established 2949:enforced the policy of 2687:, in which about 3,000 2538:Battles of Kawanakajima 2237:This culminated in the 2086:and defining events in 2030:Imperial Court in Kyoto 1927:Imperial Court in Kyoto 1854:Heiji rebellion in 1159 1831:brought the end of the 1820:Imperial Court in Kyoto 1665:codified system of laws 1552:Three Kingdoms of Korea 1233:collective self-defense 1189:Western colonial powers 720:Intervention in Siberia 647:First Sino-Japanese War 233:First Sino-Japanese War 165:Thirty-Eight Years' War 13657:Science and technology 13096:Council of Five Elders 13091:Azuchi–Momoyama period 12357:The Samurai Sourcebook 12277:Kleinschmidt, Harald. 12258:Hook, Glenn D. et al. 12208:Morton, Louis (1960). 12059:Ancient Jomon of Japan 11695:Katsuro, Hara (2009). 10338:, 25 March 2008, p. 3. 10061:"Japan – Introduction" 9034:China's Bloody Century 8571:Hein, Patrick (2009). 8338:Hiroshi Watanabe p.143 8030:Battles of the Samurai 7949:Legends of the Samurai 7768:: CS1 maint: others ( 7435:Shōda, Shinya (2007). 6951:Imperial Japanese Navy 6934:Imperial Japanese Army 6868:Ninja Museum of Igaryu 6839:Kairyū-class submarine 6801:Kanoya Air Base Museum 6765:Yūshio-class submarine 6618:Imperial Japanese Army 6562: 6553: 6372: 5999: 5773: 5720:Imperial Japanese Navy 5698:(III MEF) is based in 5608: 5503:Counter-terrorist unit 5463:Battle of Amami-Ōshima 5438:. Japan is one of the 5434:member for a total of 5385: 5311:Heisei era (1989–2019) 5301:second largest economy 5220:Imperial Japanese Army 5079: 4891: 4865: 4842:Kairyū-class submarine 4724:were disbanded by the 4718:Imperial Japanese Army 4681: 4578: 4422:. They also undertook 4368:attack on Pearl Harbor 4339:Battle of the Java Sea 4335:attack on Pearl Harbor 4311:Imperial Japanese Navy 4289:Imperial Japanese Army 4222:Imperial Japanese Army 3883:Imperial Japanese Navy 3830: 3615: 3610:infantry firing their 3608:Imperial Japanese Army 3491:Imperial Japanese Army 3446:Imperial Japanese Army 3427:Imperial Japanese Army 3400:Imperial Japanese Army 3375:and he was one of the 3263: 3261:Imperial Japanese Navy 3240: 3185: 2936:The Book of Five Rings 2897: 2867:Edo period (1603–1867) 2812:Council of Five Elders 2733: 2726: 2719: 2652: 2642: 2540:between the armies of 2425: 2422:Battle of Kawanakajima 2405: 2302:. He lived during the 2295: 2285: 2170: 1987: 1877: 1855: 1847: 1703:Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 1630:(白村江) took place. The 1523: 1317: 1312:wooden armor replica. 1242:(JSDF) consist of the 1049:Science and technology 802:Attack on Pearl Harbor 725:Great Kantō earthquake 667:Colonization of Taiwan 594:Convention of Kanagawa 434:Former Nine Years' War 377:1000 BC – 300 AD 363:14,000 – 1000 BC 289:Operation Ocean Shield 281:Battle of Amami-Ōshima 169:Former Nine Years' War 13602:Deputy Prime Minister 12987:Asuka Kiyomihara Code 12122:10.1353/jmh.2006.0037 9749:. Macmillan. p. 9142:on September 19, 2007 8893:"Hiroyoshi Nishizawa" 8770:, vol. 34, pp. 32–53. 8626:Caprio, Mark (2009). 8122:Hane, Mikiso (1991). 7972:Morris, Ivan (1975). 7134:. BBC. 30 August 2015 6966:Tokubetsu Keisatsutai 6882:Japanese Sword Museum 6723:Japanese rock gardens 6715:Japanese tea ceremony 6629:Minister of Education 6557: 6548: 6427:(military dictator), 6399:established a feudal 6365: 6246:Japanese Constitution 5997: 5768: 5593: 5488:Japan's sea territory 5407:operations including 5375: 5270:humiliating surrender 5069: 4916:occupation of Germany 4883: 4860: 4677: 4651:on 9 September 1945. 4538: 4514:engaged in war crimes 4273:, while shipments of 3828: 3791:French Third Republic 3703:Treaty of Shimonoseki 3606: 3517:, initially a French 3246: 3231: 3213:Meiji era (1868–1912) 3183: 3012:and the isolationist 2975:maritime restrictions 2880: 2732: 2725: 2717: 2648: 2637: 2487:Warring States period 2411: 2403: 2291: 2281: 2173:In the 13th century, 2157: 1983: 1866: 1853: 1845: 1520:Tokyo National Museum 1513: 1351:was inhabited by the 1308: 1295:Operational Authority 767:Invasion of Manchuria 692:Colonization of Korea 652:Treaty of Shimonoseki 391:300 AD – 538 AD 253:Siberian Intervention 149:Goguryeo–Wa conflicts 13511:House of Councillors 13405:World Heritage Sites 12673:United Arab Emirates 12399:at Wikimedia Commons 12162:Edgerton, Robert B. 10092:on February 21, 2007 10063:. Globalsecurity.org 9773:Willacy, M. (2010): 9491:on 15 December 2018. 9054:Borch, Fred (2017). 8995:. Globalsecurity.org 8919:National Army Museum 8878:Mizrahi, Joseph V., 8835:"Hideki Tojo in WW2" 8255:A Book of Five Rings 8245:, Tuttle Publishing. 7568:10.1038/jhg.2016.110 7231:"Organization of JS" 7183:on 15 December 2018. 7106:Teo, Victor (2019). 6837:human torpedo and a 6808:- Etajima, Hiroshima 6525:In 1551, during the 6463:military governments 6457:at the top of their 6393:Minamoto no Yoritomo 6242:Governments of Japan 5856:Japan activated the 5508:On 8 June 2006, the 5495:Japan Defense Agency 5475:Japanese Coast Guard 5278:Japan Defense Agency 5166:nuclear power plants 4748:overseas territories 4507:Japanese cannibalism 4128:Japanese battleship 4070:In 1921, during the 4050:intervened in Russia 3978:was a member of the 3911:Battle of Yalu River 3900:Treaty of Portsmouth 3525:'s army against the 3497:in history. Such as 3468:Rikugun Shikan Gakkō 3335:wars involving Japan 3077:The Unequal Treaties 2819:Battle of Sekigahara 2784:Battle of Sekigahara 2765:Japanese archipelago 2606:, in and around the 2095:Japanese archipelago 2008:Minamoto no Yoritomo 1964:Japanese archipelago 1911:military governments 1824:Battle of Dan-no-Ura 1774:Chrysanthemum Throne 1758:battle of Dan-no-Ura 1349:Japanese archipelago 1197:Japanese colonialism 1059:World Heritage Sites 777:February 26 incident 682:Treaty of Portsmouth 543:Battle of Sekigahara 439:Later Three-Year War 217:Shimonoseki Campaign 14560:Carpathian Ruthenia 13528:Self-Defense Forces 12700:limited recognition 12237:Harris, Sheldon H. 12192:(1994) 27:339–349, 12190:The History Teacher 11784:Monumenta Nipponica 11570:on 30 November 2023 11479:on 28 November 2020 9789:Powers, D. (2011): 9505:Packard, George R. 9288:Watt, Lori (2010). 9193:on February 1, 2016 9036:. Transaction 1991 8993:"Battle of Okinawa" 8915:"Imphal and Kohima" 8497:. UBC Press. 2000. 8093:, pp. 209–213. 8055:, pp. 212–217. 7235:Ministry of Defense 7176:: 3. Archived from 7020:Japanese militarism 6831:Mitsubishi A6M Zero 6753:Self Defense Force 6703:Shingen-ko Festival 6649:Japanese militarism 6401:military government 6326:Kanagawa Prefecture 6024:Ministry of Defense 5989:Royal Canadian Navy 5692:Kanagawa Prefecture 5672:U.S.-Japan alliance 5540:Ministry of Defense 5340:checkbook diplomacy 5057:Peace of Westphalia 5037:occupation of Japan 4900:surrender agreement 4848:Contemporary period 4834:Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka 4732:, Japan became the 4661:Potsdam Declaration 4353:Hiroyoshi Nishizawa 4230:In April 1941, the 4200:In September 1940, 4152:Hiroyoshi Nishizawa 3849:Triple Intervention 3771:The Boxer Rebellion 3734:Triple Intervention 3715:Shimonoseki Jyoyaku 3554:Japanese militarism 3507:Sakakibara Kenkichi 3499:Étienne de Villaret 3439:Japanese militarism 3331:First Indochina War 3106:was established by 3104:reverbatory furnace 2979:Shimabara Rebellion 2862:Early modern period 2685:Battle of Nagashino 2639:Battle of Nagashino 2536:are legendary. The 2117:Gorō Nyūdō Masamune 1742:in the 12th century 1568:Battle of Hakusonko 1337:Japanese prehistory 1264:Minister of Defense 1235:of Japan's allies. 1221:U.S.–Japan Alliance 1203:1895 - 1945) until 889:Imperial transition 827:Occupation of Japan 817:Soviet–Japanese War 782:Anti-Comintern Pact 657:Triple Intervention 277:Operation Masterdom 209:Shimabara Rebellion 105:Ministry of Defense 14150:French West Africa 14130:British Somaliland 13662:Telecommunications 13194:Russo-Japanese War 13124:Tokugawa shogunate 13074:Nanboku-chō period 13069:Ashikaga shogunate 13042:Kamakura shogunate 12281:(Routledge, 2017). 12241:(Routledge, 1995). 11976:A history of Japan 11512:on April 20, 2021. 11334:Japan Times Online 10239:The New York Times 10196:on 29 October 2004 10164:. 25 December 2001 10012:AG. Archived from 9969:on March 27, 2018. 9597:on 16 October 2016 9234:The New York Times 9016:(Edward Russell), 8971:The New York Times 8716:globalsecurity.org 8480:Roger F. Hackett, 8243:Book Of Five Rings 7934:Winters, pp. 14–15 7791:Japan Encyclopedia 7725:Japan Encyclopedia 7325:10.1266/ggs.90.147 7296:, pp. 3, 258. 7025:Ōban (Great Watch) 6791:Hamamatsu Air Base 6627:who served as the 6598:Tokugawa Shogunate 6474:Confucian literati 6373: 6334:Tottori Prefecture 6330:Okinawa Prefecture 6271:ballistic missiles 6000: 5943:hypersonic missile 5774: 5676:Okinawa Prefecture 5609: 5386: 5382:Kashmir earthquake 5206:to surrender were 5132:Far East Air Force 4866: 4479:the Philippine Sea 4382:declared war. The 4331:Russo-Japanese War 4315:commander-in-chief 4148:A6M3 Zero Model 22 4036:Kaiserin Elisabeth 3895:Russo-Japanese War 3871:Battle of Tsushima 3856:Russo-Japanese War 3845:Liaotung peninsula 3835:Russo-Japanese War 3831: 3821:Russo-Japanese War 3811:Chinese Christians 3659:in February 1895. 3616: 3523:Tokugawa Yoshinobu 3276:Tokugawa shogunate 3264: 3241: 3186: 3171:Russo-Japanese War 3131:Tokugawa Yoshinobu 3096:Tokugawa shogunate 3010:Tokugawa Shogunate 2947:Tokugawa Shogunate 2902:Tokugawa shogunate 2898: 2852:Tokugawa shogunate 2807:invasions of Korea 2799:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 2776:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 2734: 2727: 2720: 2709:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 2653: 2643: 2629:early modern world 2597:Tokugawa shogunate 2593:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 2550:woodblock printing 2452:Ashikaga shogunate 2444:Ashikaga shogunate 2426: 2406: 2378:Ashikaga shogunate 2308:Kamakura shogunate 2300:Kusunoki Masashige 2296: 2293:Kusunoki Masashige 2286: 2274:Kusunoki Masashige 2227:Kamakura shogunate 2171: 1992:Kamakura shogunate 1988: 1950:Ashikaga shogunate 1882:Kamakura shogunate 1878: 1856: 1848: 1804:Sesshō and Kampaku 1651:In many ways, the 1628:Battle of Baekgang 1524: 1474:Around this time, 1467:and the immigrant 1318: 1288:Tōgō Bakuryō Kanbu 1260:commander-in-chief 949:Capital punishment 925:2019–present 847:Asset price bubble 822:Surrender of Japan 687:Japan–Korea Treaty 677:Russo-Japanese War 632:Ryūkyū Disposition 574:Invasion of Ryukyu 569:Tokugawa shogunate 505:Nanboku-chō period 245:Russo-Japanese War 205:Invasion of Ryukyu 14783: 14782: 14374:Dutch East Indies 14212:Southern Rhodesia 14145:French Somaliland 14077: 14076: 14043: 14042: 13792:Sexual minorities 13680: 13679: 13614: 13613: 13610: 13609: 13523:Political parties 13462:Foreign relations 13413: 13412: 13317: 13316: 13307:COVID-19 pandemic 13176:Satsuma Rebellion 13161:Meiji Restoration 13059:Kenmu Restoration 12919:Foreign relations 12805: 12804: 12742:other territories 12395:Media related to 12353:Turnbull, Stephen 12218:(2000 ed.). 12215:Command Decisions 12069:978-0-521-77670-7 11986:978-0-8048-2097-4 11936:978-0-674-00334-7 11921:Jansen, Marius B. 11729:on April 28, 2019 11708:978-1-110-78785-2 11604:on 30 August 2023 11278:on April 11, 2019 11211:The Asahi Shimbun 11010:Stars and Stripes 10739:. April 7, 2018. 10604:Stars and Stripes 10375:"Kadena Air Base" 10328:Yoshida, Reiji, " 10086:Central Chronicle 10041:on March 28, 2010 9760:978-0-8050-8129-9 9342:The Kuril Islands 9301:978-0-674-05598-8 9166:The Asahi Shimbun 8865:978-1-84908-732-2 8812:978-0-06-093130-8 8385:Jansen, Marius B. 8365:on April 28, 2019 8133:978-0-8133-4970-1 7517:978-0-521-88490-7 7360:978-3-11-039994-3 7045: 7044: 6757:JMSDF Kure Museum 6669:Douglas MacArthur 6657:1947 constitution 6566:Meiji Restoration 6143:In May 2019, the 6067:Defense Minister 6043:F-35 Lightning II 5985:U.S. Armed Forces 5657:aircraft carriers 5653:-class destroyers 5597:George Washington 5514:Junichiro Koizumi 5336:1947 constitution 5305:1947 constitution 5216:second lieutenant 5144:military alliance 4956:liberal democracy 4952:absolute monarchy 4948:Douglas MacArthur 4940:Douglas MacArthur 4806:-class battleship 4730:1947 constitution 4689:Allied Occupation 4685:Douglas MacArthur 4665:guerrilla warfare 4641:Douglas MacArthur 4637:Mamoru Shigemitsu 4615:Japan surrendered 4609:war against Japan 4530:Republic of China 4495:Battle of Okinawa 4412:Dutch East Indies 4255:Republic of China 4191:Republic of China 4133:on trials in 1941 4043:Russian Civil War 3945:seaplane carrier 3858:(1904–1905). The 3746:Terauchi Masatake 3692:Chinese dynasties 3672:Meiji Restoration 3626:Sino-Japanese War 3573:absolute monarchy 3473:and relocated to 3296:On June 29, 1869 3139:Meiji Restoration 3018:gunboat diplomacy 2985:was inhabited by 2968:Toyotomi Hideyori 2911:Meiji Restoration 2856:Meiji Restoration 2827:Toyotomi Hideyori 2749:Ishiyama Honganji 2348:Senior First Rank 2046:rulers. In 1192, 2000:Northern Fujiwara 1705:for subduing the 1695:military dictator 1367:, who discovered 1119: 1118: 984:Foreign relations 929: 928: 917:Abe assassination 912:COVID-19 pandemic 884:Tōhoku earthquake 642:Satsuma Rebellion 604:Meiji Restoration 482:Kenmu Restoration 301: 300: 229:Satsuma Rebellion 14803: 14534:Military history 14288:Native Americans 14104: 14097: 14090: 14081: 14080: 14067: 14066: 14059:Japan portal 14057: 14056: 14055: 13972:National symbols 13691: 13690: 13625: 13624: 13428: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13328: 13327: 13262:Economic miracle 13064:Muromachi period 12874: 12873: 12832: 12825: 12818: 12809: 12808: 12795: 12785: 12784: 12754:Christmas Island 12440:Sovereign states 12427: 12420: 12413: 12404: 12403: 12394: 12279:Warfare in Japan 12255:6 (1991): 27–48. 12234: 12232: 12231: 12152:Drea, Edward J. 12133: 12104: 12095: 12072: 12052: 12046: 12038: 12010: 12004: 11998: 11997: 11995: 11993: 11970: 11964: 11963: 11955: 11949: 11948: 11917: 11911: 11910: 11894: 11884: 11878: 11875: 11869: 11866: 11860: 11856: 11854: 11852: 11838: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11827: 11815: 11809: 11808: 11778: 11772: 11771: 11755: 11745: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11734: 11719: 11713: 11712: 11692: 11686: 11685: 11683: 11681: 11660: 11654: 11653: 11651: 11649: 11643: 11630: 11620: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11609: 11586: 11580: 11579: 11577: 11575: 11552: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11532:. May 16, 2021. 11520: 11514: 11513: 11498: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11475:. Archived from 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11438: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11412: 11406: 11405: 11403: 11401: 11386: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11375: 11356: 11350: 11349: 11347: 11345: 11325: 11319: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11305:. Archived from 11294: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11283: 11264: 11258: 11257: 11255: 11253: 11233: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11222: 11203: 11197: 11196: 11194: 11192: 11183: 11174: 11168: 11167: 11165: 11163: 11143: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11132: 11117: 11111: 11110: 11108: 11106: 11101:on 21 April 2019 11087: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11076: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11031: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11021: 11002: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10976: 10970: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10946: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10935: 10920: 10914: 10913: 10911: 10909: 10894: 10888: 10887: 10885: 10883: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10838: 10832: 10831: 10829: 10827: 10808: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10782: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10760:Business Insider 10752: 10746: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10707: 10701: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10651: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10640: 10634: 10627: 10619: 10613: 10612: 10594: 10588: 10587: 10571: 10565: 10564: 10562: 10560: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10534: 10517: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10507: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10483: 10481: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10438: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10410: 10404: 10403: 10401: 10400: 10385: 10379: 10378: 10371: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10345: 10339: 10326: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10267: 10261: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10230: 10224: 10223: 10212: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10201: 10180: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10169: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10097: 10088:. Archived from 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10068: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10031: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10021: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9982: 9971: 9970: 9959: 9953: 9952: 9951:on May 31, 2019. 9937: 9931: 9924: 9918: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9868:on June 27, 2019 9854: 9848: 9847: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9803: 9797: 9787: 9781: 9771: 9765: 9764: 9741:Schell, Jonathan 9737: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9723: 9700: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9684: 9675: 9669: 9667: 9655: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9626: 9620: 9613: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9593:. Archived from 9582: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9572: 9561: 9555: 9552: 9546: 9545: 9527: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9517: 9502: 9493: 9492: 9490: 9475: 9460: 9451: 9450: 9432: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9417:. Archived from 9400: 9391: 9385: 9384: 9373: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9363: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9337: 9331: 9330: 9312: 9306: 9305: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9266: 9256: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9225: 9219: 9209: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9183: 9177: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9158: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9147: 9132: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9122: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9095: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9051: 9045: 9027: 9021: 9011: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8930: 8921:. Archived from 8911: 8905: 8904: 8899:. Archived from 8889: 8883: 8876: 8870: 8869: 8855:Yamamoto Isoroku 8849: 8843: 8842: 8833:Moeller, James. 8830: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8793: 8787: 8777: 8771: 8765: 8759: 8752: 8746: 8745: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8707: 8701: 8687: 8681: 8675: 8669: 8666:Connaughton 1988 8663: 8657: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8623: 8617: 8616: 8604: 8598: 8595: 8589: 8588: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8558: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8508: 8502: 8491: 8485: 8478: 8472: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8459: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8415: 8409: 8408: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8355: 8349: 8346: 8340: 8332: 8326: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8305: 8296: 8290: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8264: 8258: 8252: 8246: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7926: 7923: 7917: 7900: 7894: 7891: 7885: 7882: 7873: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7860:Nihon Toko Jiten 7855: 7849: 7848: 7845:Nihon Toko Jiten 7840: 7834: 7829:Ronald P. Toby, 7827: 7818: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7800: 7794: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7767: 7759: 7734: 7728: 7710: 7701: 7700: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7657: 7651: 7648: 7642: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7610: 7604: 7603: 7597: 7589: 7579: 7544: 7538: 7528: 7522: 7521: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7491:Imamura, Keiji. 7488: 7482: 7481: 7465: 7455: 7449: 7448: 7432: 7426: 7423: 7417: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7390:(308): 362–371. 7379: 7373: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7344: 7338: 7337: 7327: 7303: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7272:. Archived from 7252: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7211: 7204: 7194: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7167: 7155: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7103: 7083: 7059: 6992:History of Japan 6896: 6862:Matsumoto Castle 6782: 6768:Akishio (SS-579) 6695:Miyamoto Musashi 6685: 6683: 6682: 6676: 6586:Saionji Kinmochi 6570:Emperor of Japan 6521: 6509: 6482:social structure 6459:social structure 6389:social structure 6133:military spender 6015:and through the 5878:Filipino marines 5862:Japanese islands 5625:Cabinet of Japan 5558: 5556: 5548: 5547: 5533: 5531: 5523: 5522: 5512:(premiership of 5510:Cabinet of Japan 5432:Security Council 5330:(1990–1991) the 5224:Japanese holdout 5197:nuclear umbrella 5077: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5012:Keisatsu-yobitai 4909:Japanese history 4741: 4740: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4700: 4634:Foreign Minister 4576: 4518:prisoners of war 4432:Battle of Midway 4347:Battle of Midway 4303:Isoroku Yamamoto 4195:Nanjing Massacre 4169:further invaded 4144: 4124: 4082:aircraft carrier 4015:seaplane carrier 4010:in the Pacific. 4008:Marshall Islands 4004:Caroline Islands 3961: 3940: 3803:Kingdom of Italy 3719: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3634:Korean Peninsula 3632:of China in the 3579:was legally the 3577:Emperor of Japan 3511:Jikishinkage-ryu 3472: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3435:Yamagata Aritomo 3411:Yamagata Aritomo 3397: 3395: 3394: 3387:Yamagata Aritomo 3357:Ōkubo Toshimichi 3161:and an emerging 3053: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3022:opening of Japan 2924:Miyamoto Musashi 2763:who unified the 2581:Takeda Nobushige 2577:Yamamoto Kansuke 2573:Japanese war fan 2440:Nanboku-chō Wars 2370:Emperor Go-Daigo 2360:Muromachi Period 2340:Kawachi Province 2332:Siege of Chihaya 2324:Siege of Akasaka 2316:Emperor Go-Daigo 2283:Prince Moriyoshi 2203:Takezaki Suenaga 2199:Kikuchi Takefusa 2183:Battle of Bun'ei 2167:Takezaki Suenaga 2127: 2125: 2124: 2088:Japanese history 1946:Muromachi period 1938:Mongol invasions 1904: 1902: 1901: 1895: 1781:Mongol invasions 1753: 1735: 1687:Ōtomo no Otomaro 1606:Korean Peninsula 1598:Gaya confederacy 1572:Dazaifu, Fukuoka 1536:Five kings of Wa 1392: 1389: 1342: 1292: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1274:, who heads the 1202: 1173:social structure 1157:History of Japan 1136: 1111: 1104: 1097: 941: 842:Economic miracle 757:Nanking incident 752:Financial crisis 589:Perry Expedition 563: 472:Mongol invasions 351:before 14,000 BC 341: 340: 336: 326: 316:History of Japan 303: 302: 120:Related articles 115: 90: 88: 87: 78: 76: 75: 66: 64: 63: 55:Service branches 46: 45: 18: 17: 14811: 14810: 14806: 14805: 14804: 14802: 14801: 14800: 14786: 14785: 14784: 14779: 14775:Pacific Islands 14770:Solomon Islands 14750:Gilbert Islands 14732: 14726: 14705:Channel Islands 14477: 14340: 14294: 14216: 14113: 14108: 14078: 14073: 14053: 14051: 14039: 13859:Class S (genre) 13811: 13787:Sex trafficking 13762:Life expectancy 13698:Anti-monarchism 13676: 13606: 13549: 13516:List of members 13496:Law enforcement 13409: 13313: 13285: 13237:Mukden Incident 13198: 13156:Meiji oligarchy 13136:Empire of Japan 13107: 13037:Kamakura period 13020: 12945: 12863: 12845: 12836: 12806: 12801: 12773: 12741: 12732: 12713:Northern Cyprus 12699: 12692: 12434: 12431: 12387: 12376:Wood, James B. 12345:Towle, Philip. 12229: 12227: 12177:Friday, Karl F. 12142: 12140:Further reading 12107: 12092: 12091:978-900414284-8 12070: 12040: 12039: 12035: 12019: 12014: 12013: 12005: 12001: 11991: 11989: 11987: 11971: 11967: 11957: 11956: 11952: 11937: 11918: 11914: 11907: 11885: 11881: 11876: 11872: 11867: 11863: 11850: 11848: 11839: 11835: 11825: 11823: 11816: 11812: 11797:10.2307/2383897 11779: 11775: 11768: 11746: 11742: 11732: 11730: 11721: 11720: 11716: 11709: 11693: 11689: 11679: 11677: 11676:on 7 March 2024 11666: 11662: 11661: 11657: 11647: 11645: 11641: 11628: 11626: 11622: 11621: 11617: 11607: 11605: 11592: 11588: 11587: 11583: 11573: 11571: 11558: 11554: 11553: 11549: 11539: 11537: 11522: 11521: 11517: 11500: 11499: 11492: 11482: 11480: 11465: 11461: 11451: 11449: 11440: 11439: 11435: 11425: 11423: 11414: 11413: 11409: 11399: 11397: 11388: 11387: 11383: 11373: 11371: 11358: 11357: 11353: 11343: 11341: 11326: 11322: 11312: 11310: 11297:Tatsumi, Yuki. 11295: 11291: 11281: 11279: 11266: 11265: 11261: 11251: 11249: 11234: 11230: 11220: 11218: 11213:. 3 July 2019. 11205: 11204: 11200: 11190: 11188: 11181: 11175: 11171: 11161: 11159: 11152:The Japan Times 11144: 11140: 11130: 11128: 11119: 11118: 11114: 11104: 11102: 11089: 11088: 11084: 11074: 11072: 11071:on 2 April 2019 11059: 11058: 11054: 11044: 11042: 11032: 11028: 11019: 11017: 11004: 11003: 10999: 10989: 10987: 10978: 10977: 10973: 10963: 10961: 10948: 10947: 10943: 10933: 10931: 10922: 10921: 10917: 10907: 10905: 10896: 10895: 10891: 10881: 10879: 10870: 10869: 10865: 10855: 10853: 10840: 10839: 10835: 10825: 10823: 10816:The Japan Times 10810: 10809: 10805: 10795: 10793: 10792:. 9 August 2018 10784: 10783: 10779: 10769: 10767: 10754: 10753: 10749: 10735:Kubo, Nobuhiro 10734: 10730: 10720: 10718: 10709: 10708: 10704: 10694: 10692: 10683: 10682: 10678: 10668: 10666: 10659:The Japan Times 10653: 10652: 10648: 10638: 10636: 10632: 10625: 10621: 10620: 10616: 10595: 10591: 10572: 10568: 10558: 10556: 10547: 10546: 10542: 10532: 10530: 10527:The Japan Times 10518: 10514: 10505: 10503: 10493: 10489: 10479: 10477: 10465: 10461: 10451: 10449: 10446:The Japan Times 10440: 10439: 10435: 10425: 10423: 10412: 10411: 10407: 10398: 10396: 10386: 10382: 10373: 10372: 10368: 10358: 10356: 10347: 10346: 10342: 10327: 10320: 10310: 10308: 10307:on June 8, 2019 10299: 10298: 10294: 10284: 10282: 10269: 10268: 10264: 10257: 10253: 10243: 10241: 10231: 10227: 10214: 10213: 10209: 10199: 10197: 10184:"日本国の精鋭部隊＆特殊部隊" 10182: 10181: 10177: 10167: 10165: 10156: 10155: 10151: 10136: 10132: 10122: 10120: 10109: 10105: 10095: 10093: 10080: 10079: 10075: 10066: 10064: 10059: 10058: 10054: 10044: 10042: 10033: 10032: 10028: 10019: 10017: 10002: 9998: 9983: 9974: 9961: 9960: 9956: 9939: 9938: 9934: 9925: 9921: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9885: 9881: 9871: 9869: 9862:The Japan Times 9856: 9855: 9851: 9844: 9830: 9826: 9816: 9814: 9804: 9800: 9788: 9784: 9772: 9768: 9761: 9738: 9731: 9721: 9719: 9717: 9701: 9697: 9689: 9682: 9676: 9672: 9664: 9642: 9638: 9627: 9623: 9614: 9610: 9600: 9598: 9583: 9579: 9570: 9568: 9563: 9562: 9558: 9553: 9549: 9542: 9528: 9524: 9515: 9513: 9511:Foreign Affairs 9503: 9496: 9488: 9480:(in Japanese). 9473: 9470: 9461: 9454: 9447: 9438: 9433: 9429: 9424:on 6 June 2016. 9421: 9398: 9392: 9388: 9375: 9374: 9370: 9361: 9359: 9353: 9349: 9338: 9334: 9327: 9313: 9309: 9302: 9286: 9282: 9275: 9257: 9250: 9240: 9238: 9227: 9226: 9222: 9210: 9206: 9196: 9194: 9185: 9184: 9180: 9170: 9168: 9160: 9159: 9155: 9145: 9143: 9134: 9133: 9129: 9120: 9118: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9093: 9091: 9079: 9075: 9068: 9052: 9048: 9028: 9024: 9012: 9008: 8998: 8996: 8989: 8985: 8975: 8973: 8963: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8942: 8941: 8937: 8928: 8926: 8913: 8912: 8908: 8891: 8890: 8886: 8877: 8873: 8866: 8850: 8846: 8831: 8827: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8797:Bix, Herbert P. 8794: 8790: 8778: 8774: 8766: 8762: 8753: 8749: 8739: 8734: 8730: 8720: 8718: 8708: 8704: 8688: 8684: 8676: 8672: 8664: 8660: 8651: 8647: 8640: 8624: 8620: 8610: 8605: 8601: 8596: 8592: 8585: 8569: 8565: 8556: 8554: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8531: 8529: 8509: 8505: 8492: 8488: 8479: 8475: 8470: 8466: 8457: 8455: 8446: 8445: 8441: 8432: 8430: 8421:Yomiuri Shimbun 8417: 8416: 8412: 8405: 8382: 8378: 8368: 8366: 8357: 8356: 8352: 8347: 8343: 8333: 8329: 8321: 8317: 8306: 8299: 8291: 8287: 8277: 8275: 8265: 8261: 8253: 8249: 8240: 8236: 8226: 8221: 8217: 8207: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8183: 8179: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8164:978-899544242-5 8145: 8141: 8134: 8120: 8116: 8108: 8104: 8094: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8070: 8066: 8056: 8051: 8047: 8040: 8026: 8022: 8015: 8001: 7997: 7990: 7970: 7966: 7959: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7920: 7901: 7897: 7892: 7888: 7883: 7876: 7871: 7867: 7856: 7852: 7841: 7837: 7828: 7821: 7812: 7810: 7802: 7801: 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In 2017, the 6231:Liancourt Rocks 6227:Senkaku Islands 6167:South China Sea 6110:Senkaku islands 6087: 6081: 6051:Sinai peninsula 5936:Patrick Sanders 5901:Senkaku Islands 5835:South China Sea 5763: 5728:Kadena Air Base 5708:Kadena Air Base 5704:Misawa Air Base 5670:as part of the 5630:South China Sea 5588: 5572:nuclear weapons 5542: 5517: 5409:UN peacekeeping 5370: 5356:UN Peacekeeping 5348:Kobe earthquake 5324: 5319: 5313: 5243:Japanese Taiwan 5189:nuclear weapons 5151:nuclear attacks 5118:(JASDF) (航空自衛隊 5106:(JMSDF) (海上自衛隊 5078: 5075: 5028: 5015: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4876: 4868:Main articles: 4855: 4850: 4826:type 91 torpedo 4818:Mitsubishi Zero 4744:Empire of Japan 4712:ethnic Japanese 4701: 4693:Harry S. Truman 4577: 4568: 4420:Pacific Islands 4232:Empire of Japan 4210:Tripartite Pact 4179:Mukden Incident 4175:Northeast China 4159: 4158: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4145: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4125: 4114: 4108: 4092:Main articles: 4090: 4072:Interwar period 4054:Empire of Japan 4000:Mariana Islands 3976:Empire of Japan 3972: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3941: 3930: 3924: 3867:Tōgō Heihachirō 3837: 3823: 3779: 3777:Boxer Rebellion 3773: 3760: 3754: 3705: 3684:tributary state 3622: 3601: 3527:Imperial troops 3458: 3389: 3319:Yasukuni Shrine 3314:Yasukuni Shrine 3226: 3221: 3215: 3198:Empire of Japan 3127:colonial powers 3108:Egawa Hidetatsu 3092:Egawa Hidetatsu 3064:Commodore Perry 3060: 3030: 3001:, was crushed. 2888:ca. 1300, made 2875: 2869: 2864: 2835:Tokugawa Ieyasu 2831:Tokugawa Ieyasu 2780:Tokugawa Ieyasu 2658: 2585:Tokugawa Ieyasu 2534:Echigo Province 2432: 2398: 2362: 2356: 2336:Settsu Province 2304:Kamakura period 2276: 2256:Tsushima Strait 2223: 2152: 2119: 2084:Kamakura period 2056:Emperor Go-Toba 2052:Sei-i Taishōgun 2034:Emperor Go-Toba 1978: 1976:Kamakura Period 1972: 1934:Kamakura period 1896: 1861: 1837:Kamakura period 1796:Imperial family 1765: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1754: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1736: 1725: 1719: 1649: 1643: 1586: 1580: 1518:, 5th century. 1508: 1506:Classical Japan 1461:Yamato Japanese 1429: 1423: 1390: 1365:Edward S. Morse 1357:hunter-gatherer 1335:is the time in 1329: 1323: 1303: 1278: 1238:As of 1954 the 1115: 1065: 1064: 1063: 943: 942: 939: 931: 930: 922: 921: 897:1989–2019 894: 893: 854:1926–1989 851: 812:Atomic bombings 787:Tripartite Pact 772:May 15 incident 762:Mukden Incident 733:1912–1926 730: 729: 700:1868–1912 697: 696: 672:Boxer Rebellion 617:1603–1868 614: 613: 561: 551:1573–1603 548: 547: 526:Azuchi–Momoyama 518:1336–1573 515: 514: 490:1185–1333 487: 486: 449: 448: 419:710 – 794 416: 405:538 – 710 402: 388: 374: 338: 337: 334: 297: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 241:Boxer Rebellion 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 157:Baekje-Tang War 155: 151: 147: 143: 141:Civil war of Wa 139: 133: 132: 103: 85: 83: 82: 73: 71: 70: 61: 59: 40: 12: 11: 5: 14809: 14799: 14798: 14781: 14780: 14778: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14736: 14734: 14728: 14727: 14725: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14713: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14695:British Empire 14690:United Kingdom 14687: 14682: 14677: 14676: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14663:Basque Country 14655: 14654: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14542: 14541: 14539:Basque Country 14536: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14509:Czechoslovakia 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14485: 14483: 14479: 14478: 14476: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14409: 14408: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14387: 14386: 14381: 14371: 14370: 14369: 14359: 14354: 14348: 14346: 14342: 14341: 14339: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14302: 14300: 14296: 14295: 14293: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14235: 14230: 14224: 14222: 14218: 14217: 14215: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14193: 14192: 14187: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 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13550: 13548: 13547: 13546: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13525: 13520: 13519: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13487: 13486: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13464: 13459: 13457:Imperial House 13454: 13453: 13452: 13442: 13437: 13431: 13421: 13415: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13365:Extreme points 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13331: 13325: 13319: 13318: 13315: 13314: 13312: 13311: 13310: 13309: 13304: 13293: 13291: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13281: 13276: 13266: 13265: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13224: 13223: 13222: 13217: 13206: 13204: 13200: 13199: 13197: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13180: 13179: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13127: 13126: 13115: 13113: 13109: 13108: 13106: 13105: 13100: 13099: 13098: 13093: 13086:Sengoku period 13083: 13078: 13077: 13076: 13071: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13045: 13044: 13034: 13028: 13026: 13025:Post-Classical 13022: 13021: 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12383: 12382: 12381: 12374: 12367: 12360: 12350: 12343: 12332: 12317:Sansom, George 12314: 12304: 12292: 12282: 12275: 12266: 12256: 12249: 12242: 12235: 12205: 12196: 12186: 12182:(2nd ed 2003) 12174: 12167: 12160: 12150: 12141: 12138: 12137: 12136: 12135: 12134: 12116:(1): 250–251. 12105: 12090: 12073: 12068: 12053: 12033: 12018: 12015: 12012: 12011: 11999: 11985: 11965: 11950: 11935: 11912: 11905: 11879: 11870: 11861: 11833: 11810: 11791:(4): 477–480. 11773: 11766: 11740: 11714: 11707: 11687: 11655: 11644:on 6 June 2023 11615: 11581: 11547: 11515: 11490: 11459: 11433: 11407: 11381: 11366:. 3 May 2017. 11351: 11320: 11289: 11259: 11228: 11198: 11169: 11138: 11112: 11082: 11052: 11026: 11012:. 2019-06-21. 10997: 10971: 10941: 10915: 10889: 10863: 10833: 10803: 10777: 10747: 10728: 10717:on May 2, 2019 10702: 10676: 10646: 10614: 10589: 10566: 10540: 10512: 10487: 10459: 10448:. 25 June 2019 10433: 10405: 10394:The Globe Post 10380: 10366: 10340: 10318: 10292: 10281:on May 9, 2017 10262: 10251: 10225: 10207: 10175: 10149: 10130: 10103: 10073: 10052: 10026: 9996: 9972: 9954: 9932: 9919: 9900:978-0415668187 9899: 9879: 9849: 9842: 9824: 9798: 9782: 9766: 9759: 9729: 9715: 9695: 9692:on 2007-07-10. 9670: 9662: 9636: 9621: 9608: 9577: 9556: 9547: 9540: 9522: 9494: 9469:海洋新時代における海上自衛隊 9452: 9445: 9435:佐道明広 (2006). 9427: 9386: 9383:on 2018-12-04. 9368: 9347: 9332: 9325: 9307: 9300: 9280: 9274:978-0967817521 9273: 9248: 9220: 9204: 9178: 9153: 9127: 9117:. 3 April 2001 9100: 9073: 9067:978-0191082955 9066: 9046: 9022: 9006: 8983: 8957: 8935: 8906: 8903:on 2012-11-29. 8884: 8871: 8864: 8844: 8825: 8811: 8799:(2001-09-04). 8788: 8772: 8760: 8747: 8728: 8702: 8682: 8670: 8658: 8645: 8638: 8618: 8599: 8590: 8584:978-3643100856 8583: 8563: 8539: 8503: 8486: 8473: 8464: 8439: 8410: 8403: 8376: 8350: 8341: 8327: 8315: 8297: 8285: 8259: 8247: 8234: 8215: 8206:, p. 208. 8196: 8187:, p. 204. 8177: 8163: 8139: 8132: 8114: 8102: 8083: 8074:, p. 120. 8064: 8045: 8038: 8020: 8013: 7995: 7988: 7964: 7957: 7936: 7927: 7918: 7895: 7886: 7874: 7865: 7862:. p. 387. 7850: 7847:. p. 386. 7835: 7819: 7795: 7783:Louis Frédéric 7775: 7746: 7729: 7719:Kamakura-jidai 7702: 7695: 7677: 7670: 7652: 7643: 7639:Jinnō Shōtōki, 7630: 7605: 7562:(2): 213–221. 7539: 7523: 7516: 7498: 7483: 7476: 7450: 7427: 7418: 7409: 7374: 7365: 7359: 7339: 7318:(3): 147–152. 7298: 7286: 7247: 7222: 7186: 7145: 7123: 7117:978-9811361890 7116: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6926: 6921: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6879: 6865: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6820: 6811: 6810: 6809: 6803: 6798: 6788: 6771: 6746: 6743: 6701:), festivals ( 6633:Iwasaki Yatarō 6611:abolished the 6540:Francis Xavier 6534:Roman Catholic 6527:Sengoku Period 6421:Imperial Court 6411:was above the 6359: 6356: 6339:Sankei Shimbun 6180:inspected the 6114:Ryukyu Islands 6083:Main article: 6080: 6077: 6073:Ryukyu Islands 6013:Ryukyu islands 6009:East China Sea 5947:speed of sound 5924:United Kingdom 5847:Cabinet Office 5762: 5759: 5655:into de facto 5634:East China Sea 5587: 5584: 5536:Cabinet Office 5497:activated the 5428:United Nations 5413:Southeast Asia 5369: 5366: 5323: 5320: 5315:Main article: 5312: 5309: 5251:Morotai Island 5212:Teruo Nakamura 5155:Prime Minister 5096:Rikujō Jieitai 5094:(GSDF) (陸上自衛隊 5088:Prime Minister 5073: 5025:Kaijō Keibitai 4878: 4877: 4864:, May 3rd 1952 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4830:Nakajima Kikka 4768:Ryukyu Islands 4734:State of Japan 4601:nuclear weapon 4566: 4526:civilians died 4456:Burma campaign 4376:United Kingdom 4319:Combined Fleet 4297:preventive war 4251:Southeast Asia 4146: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4126: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4115: 4089: 4086: 4058:anti-communist 3963: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3942: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3926:Main article: 3923: 3920: 3879:Combined Fleet 3839:Following the 3833:Main article: 3822: 3819: 3815:Boxer Protocol 3787:British Empire 3783:Russian Empire 3775:Main article: 3772: 3769: 3756:Main article: 3753: 3750: 3657:sued for peace 3618:Main article: 3600: 3597: 3593:Prime Minister 3581:supreme leader 3569:constitutional 3353:Iwakura Tomomi 3306:Chiyoda, Tokyo 3239:, Tokyo (1874) 3225: 3222: 3217:Main article: 3214: 3211: 3194:colonial power 3155:feudal society 3059: 3056: 3048:, "War of the 2964:Siege of Osaka 2913:of the 1860s. 2871:Main article: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2823:Sengoku period 2662:Sengoku period 2657: 2654: 2620:cavalry charge 2616:Takeda Shingen 2530:Uesugi Kenshin 2522:Takeda Shingen 2483:Sengoku period 2436:Sengoku Period 2430:Sengoku Period 2428:Main article: 2420:at the fourth 2397: 2394: 2358:Main article: 2355: 2352: 2275: 2272: 2239:Battle of Kōan 2222: 2219: 2151: 2148: 1974:Main article: 1971: 1968: 1860: 1857: 1755: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1737: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1721:Main article: 1718: 1715: 1645:Main article: 1642: 1639: 1582:Main article: 1579: 1576: 1507: 1504: 1435:period is the 1425:Main article: 1422: 1419: 1391: 1000 BC 1325:Main article: 1322: 1319: 1302: 1299: 1256:Prime Minister 1205:Japan's defeat 1117: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1106: 1099: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 996: 994:Historiography 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 945: 944: 938: 937: 936: 933: 932: 927: 926: 923: 920: 919: 914: 908: 902: 899: 898: 895: 892: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 865: 859: 856: 855: 852: 850: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 743: 735: 734: 731: 728: 727: 722: 717: 711: 705: 702: 701: 698: 695: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 628: 622: 619: 618: 615: 612: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 579:Siege of Osaka 576: 571: 565: 556: 553: 552: 549: 546: 545: 540: 535: 529: 523: 520: 519: 516: 513: 512: 510:Sengoku period 507: 501: 495: 492: 491: 488: 485: 484: 479: 474: 469: 463: 457: 454: 453: 452:794–1185 450: 447: 446: 441: 436: 430: 424: 421: 420: 417: 410: 407: 406: 403: 396: 393: 392: 389: 382: 379: 378: 375: 368: 365: 364: 361: 353: 352: 349: 339: 333: 332: 331: 328: 327: 319: 318: 312: 311: 299: 298: 296: 295: 201:Seven Year War 130: 129: 128: 126: 122: 121: 117: 116: 101: 95: 94: 57: 51: 50: 38: 34: 33: 27: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14808: 14797: 14794: 14793: 14791: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14737: 14735: 14729: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14692: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14660: 14659: 14656: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14638: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14586:Liechtenstein 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14561: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14531: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14486: 14484: 14480: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14407: 14404: 14403: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14376: 14375: 14372: 14368: 14365: 14364: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14349: 14347: 14343: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14321:Latin America 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14299:South America 14297: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14260: 14259: 14258:United States 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14225: 14223: 14221:North America 14219: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14125:Belgian Congo 14123: 14122: 14120: 14116: 14112: 14105: 14100: 14098: 14093: 14091: 14086: 14085: 14082: 14070: 14062: 14060: 14050: 14049: 14046: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13995: 13991: 13989: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13979: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13869: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13822: 13820: 13818: 13814: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13756: 13753: 13752: 13751: 13748: 13744: 13741: 13740: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13695: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13683: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13647:Manufacturing 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13629: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13617: 13603: 13600: 13596: 13593: 13592: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13575:Fiscal policy 13573: 13569: 13566: 13565: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13530: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13503: 13502: 13501:National Diet 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13485: 13484:Supreme Court 13482: 13481: 13480: 13477: 13473: 13470: 13469: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13451: 13448: 13447: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13432: 13429: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13416: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13332: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13320: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13299: 13298: 13295: 13294: 13292: 13288: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13270: 13267: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13229: 13228: 13225: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13205: 13201: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13184: 13181: 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13125: 13122: 13121: 13120: 13117: 13116: 13114: 13110: 13104: 13101: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13088: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13066: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13043: 13040: 13039: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13029: 13027: 13023: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13005: 13002: 13001: 13000: 12997: 12993: 12992:Hakuhō period 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12979: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12954: 12952: 12948: 12940: 12939:Imperial Navy 12937: 12935: 12934:Imperial Army 12932: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12884: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12866: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12833: 12828: 12826: 12821: 12819: 12814: 12813: 12810: 12798: 12794: 12790: 12788: 12780: 12779: 12776: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12746: 12744: 12739: 12735: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12723:South Ossetia 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12701: 12695: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12445: 12443: 12441: 12437: 12428: 12423: 12421: 12416: 12414: 12409: 12408: 12405: 12398: 12393: 12389: 12388: 12379: 12375: 12372: 12368: 12365: 12361: 12358: 12354: 12351: 12348: 12344: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12330: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12309: 12305: 12302: 12301: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12287: 12283: 12280: 12276: 12273: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12254: 12250: 12247: 12243: 12240: 12236: 12226:on 2007-12-30 12225: 12221: 12217: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12203: 12202: 12197: 12195: 12191: 12187: 12185: 12181: 12178: 12175: 12172: 12168: 12165: 12161: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12148: 12144: 12143: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12119: 12115: 12111: 12106: 12102: 12097: 12096: 12093: 12087: 12083: 12079: 12074: 12071: 12065: 12061: 12060: 12054: 12050: 12044: 12036: 12034:0-415-00906-5 12030: 12026: 12021: 12020: 12009: 12003: 11988: 11982: 11978: 11977: 11969: 11961: 11954: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11932: 11928: 11927: 11922: 11916: 11908: 11906:9780198027089 11902: 11898: 11893: 11892: 11883: 11874: 11865: 11859: 11846: 11845: 11837: 11821: 11814: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11785: 11777: 11769: 11763: 11759: 11754: 11753: 11744: 11728: 11724: 11718: 11710: 11704: 11700: 11699: 11691: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11659: 11640: 11636: 11635: 11627: 11619: 11603: 11599: 11598: 11597:Uki, Kumamoto 11593: 11585: 11569: 11565: 11564: 11563:Tokyo Shoseki 11559: 11551: 11535: 11531: 11530: 11525: 11519: 11511: 11507: 11506:Bloomberg.com 11503: 11497: 11495: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11463: 11447: 11443: 11437: 11421: 11417: 11411: 11395: 11391: 11385: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11355: 11339: 11335: 11331: 11324: 11309:on 2018-11-21 11308: 11304: 11300: 11293: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11263: 11247: 11243: 11242:Straits Times 11239: 11232: 11216: 11212: 11208: 11202: 11187: 11180: 11173: 11157: 11153: 11149: 11142: 11127:on 2019-05-02 11126: 11122: 11116: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11070: 11066: 11062: 11056: 11041: 11037: 11030: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11001: 10985: 10981: 10975: 10960:on 2018-11-05 10959: 10955: 10954:Asahi Shimbun 10951: 10945: 10930:on 2018-11-02 10929: 10925: 10919: 10904:on 2018-10-05 10903: 10899: 10893: 10878:on 2018-10-01 10877: 10873: 10867: 10852:on 2018-10-12 10851: 10847: 10846:The Telegraph 10843: 10837: 10822:on 2018-09-25 10821: 10817: 10813: 10807: 10791: 10787: 10781: 10766:on 2019-08-28 10765: 10761: 10757: 10751: 10744: 10743: 10738: 10732: 10716: 10712: 10706: 10691:on 2019-04-11 10690: 10686: 10680: 10665:on 2019-03-31 10664: 10660: 10656: 10650: 10635:on 2019-05-02 10631: 10624: 10618: 10610: 10606: 10605: 10600: 10593: 10585: 10581: 10577: 10570: 10554: 10550: 10544: 10529: 10528: 10524:. Community. 10523: 10516: 10502: 10498: 10491: 10476: 10475: 10470: 10463: 10447: 10443: 10437: 10421: 10417: 10416: 10409: 10395: 10391: 10384: 10376: 10370: 10355:on 2016-12-01 10354: 10350: 10344: 10337: 10336: 10331: 10325: 10323: 10306: 10302: 10296: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10260: 10255: 10240: 10236: 10229: 10222:. 2006-12-15. 10221: 10217: 10211: 10195: 10191: 10190: 10185: 10179: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10145: 10141: 10134: 10118: 10114: 10107: 10091: 10087: 10083: 10077: 10062: 10056: 10040: 10036: 10030: 10016:on 2018-02-15 10015: 10011: 10010:Credit Suisse 10007: 10000: 9992: 9988: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9968: 9964: 9958: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9936: 9929: 9923: 9916: 9902: 9896: 9892: 9891: 9883: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9853: 9845: 9843:0-415-31218-3 9839: 9835: 9828: 9813: 9809: 9802: 9795: 9792: 9786: 9779: 9776: 9770: 9762: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9747: 9742: 9736: 9734: 9718: 9716:9780815796596 9712: 9708: 9707: 9699: 9688: 9681: 9674: 9665: 9663:0-8444-0731-3 9659: 9654: 9653: 9647: 9640: 9632: 9625: 9618: 9612: 9596: 9592: 9591:chartsbin.com 9588: 9581: 9566: 9560: 9551: 9543: 9541:9781591142263 9537: 9533: 9526: 9512: 9508: 9501: 9499: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9471: 9465: 9459: 9457: 9448: 9446:4-642-05612-2 9442: 9431: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9382: 9378: 9372: 9358: 9351: 9343: 9336: 9328: 9326:0-521-22352-0 9322: 9318: 9311: 9303: 9297: 9293: 9292: 9284: 9276: 9270: 9265: 9264: 9255: 9253: 9236: 9235: 9230: 9224: 9217: 9215: 9208: 9192: 9188: 9182: 9167: 9163: 9157: 9141: 9137: 9131: 9116: 9115: 9110: 9104: 9090: 9089: 9084: 9077: 9069: 9063: 9059: 9058: 9050: 9043: 9042:0-88738-417-X 9039: 9035: 9031: 9026: 9019: 9015: 9010: 8994: 8987: 8972: 8968: 8961: 8945: 8939: 8925:on 2015-02-07 8924: 8920: 8916: 8910: 8902: 8898: 8897:acesofww2.com 8894: 8888: 8881: 8875: 8867: 8861: 8857: 8856: 8848: 8840: 8836: 8829: 8814: 8808: 8804: 8803: 8798: 8792: 8785: 8783: 8776: 8769: 8764: 8757: 8751: 8743: 8737: 8732: 8717: 8713: 8706: 8699: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8680:, p. 83. 8679: 8674: 8668:, p. 86. 8667: 8662: 8655: 8649: 8641: 8639:9780295990408 8635: 8631: 8630: 8622: 8614: 8609:, pp. 3. 8608: 8603: 8594: 8586: 8580: 8576: 8575: 8567: 8553: 8549: 8543: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8515: 8507: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8483: 8477: 8471:『維新元勲十傑論』、16頁 8468: 8454:on 2019-05-24 8453: 8449: 8443: 8429:on 2006-08-31 8428: 8424: 8422: 8414: 8406: 8404:0-6740-0334-9 8400: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8386: 8380: 8364: 8360: 8354: 8345: 8339: 8337: 8331: 8325: 8319: 8311: 8304: 8302: 8295: 8289: 8273: 8269: 8263: 8256: 8251: 8244: 8238: 8230: 8225:, p. 80. 8224: 8219: 8211: 8205: 8200: 8192: 8186: 8181: 8166: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8151: 8143: 8135: 8129: 8125: 8118: 8111: 8106: 8098: 8092: 8091:Turnbull 1998 8087: 8079: 8073: 8072:Turnbull 2013 8068: 8060: 8054: 8053:Turnbull 1998 8049: 8041: 8035: 8031: 8024: 8016: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7991: 7989:9780030108112 7985: 7981: 7977: 7976: 7968: 7960: 7958:9781590207307 7954: 7950: 7946: 7945:Sato, Hiroaki 7940: 7931: 7922: 7916: 7913:, p. 145, at 7912: 7911: 7906: 7905: 7899: 7890: 7881: 7879: 7869: 7861: 7854: 7846: 7839: 7832: 7826: 7824: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7779: 7771: 7765: 7757: 7753: 7749: 7747:4-09-526001-7 7743: 7739: 7733: 7726: 7722: 7720: 7714: 7709: 7707: 7698: 7696:0-7166-0092-7 7692: 7688: 7681: 7673: 7667: 7663: 7656: 7647: 7640: 7634: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7601: 7595: 7587: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7543: 7537: 7536:4-12-201126-4 7533: 7527: 7519: 7513: 7509: 7502: 7494: 7487: 7479: 7477:9780810854697 7473: 7469: 7464: 7463: 7454: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7431: 7422: 7413: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7369: 7362: 7356: 7352: 7351: 7343: 7335: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7302: 7295: 7290: 7276:on 2007-08-25 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7251: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7212:on 2019-04-12 7208: 7201: 7200: 7193: 7191: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7164: 7160: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7133: 7127: 7119: 7113: 7109: 7102: 7100: 7095: 7081: 7077: 7076: 7070: 7066: 7065: 7058: 7054: 7041: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6976: 6973: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6858:Feudal Japan 6857: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6836: 6833:model 62 and 6832: 6828: 6824: 6823:Yamato Museum 6821: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6792: 6789: 6786: 6780: 6775: 6772: 6769: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6750: 6742: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6687: 6675: 6674:Gaijin Shōgun 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6614: 6613:samurai class 6610: 6609:Emperor Meiji 6605: 6604:(1868–1869). 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6517: 6513: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6449: 6448:human history 6445: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6397:Minamoto clan 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6370: 6367:near-highest 6364: 6355: 6353: 6352:Japanese Diet 6349: 6345: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6315:In 2021, the 6313: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6291:Narendra Modi 6288: 6283: 6282:military pact 6279: 6274: 6272: 6266: 6263: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6244:to amend the 6243: 6238: 6236: 6235:Kuril Islands 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6179: 6174: 6172: 6171:Bay of Bengal 6168: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6146: 6141: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6106:Pacific Ocean 6103: 6102:Miyako Strait 6099: 6098:Miyako Strait 6095: 6094:Pacific Ocean 6091: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6069:Takeshi Iwaya 6065: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6052: 6046: 6044: 6039: 6037: 6036:Tupolev Tu-95 6033: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6018: 6014: 6011:, around the 6010: 6005: 5996: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5920:United States 5917: 5913: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5893: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5822:Pacific Ocean 5819: 5814: 5810: 5807: 5803: 5798: 5797:with allies. 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5746: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5641:United States 5637: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5606: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5592: 5583: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5564: 5562: 5561:National Diet 5555: 5554: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5529: 5515: 5511: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5394:Credit Suisse 5391: 5383: 5379: 5374: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5318: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5232:Emperor Shōwa 5229: 5228:Lubang Island 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5177:nuclear state 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5160:outlined the 5159: 5156: 5152: 5147: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5133: 5128: 5125: 5124:Keizō Hayashi 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5108:Kaijō Jieitai 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5026: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4964:parliamentary 4961: 4957: 4954:to a form of 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4910: 4905: 4902:in 1945. The 4901: 4897: 4890: 4888: 4881: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4805: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4788:Matsumae clan 4785: 4781: 4780:Kuril Islands 4777: 4776:Kuril Islands 4773: 4772:Nanpō Islands 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4736:(Nihon Koku, 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4713: 4699: 4698:Gaijin Shōgun 4694: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4676: 4674: 4673:Emperor Shōwa 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4657:nuclear bombs 4652: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4639:, by General 4638: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4626: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4426:and launched 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4372:United States 4369: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4307:Fleet Admiral 4304: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4206:Fascist Italy 4203: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4167:Kwantung Army 4164: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4132: 4131: 4123: 4113: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4047:Allied Powers 4044: 4039: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4013:The Japanese 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3992:Great Britain 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3966: 3960: 3949: 3948: 3943:The Japanese 3939: 3929: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3827: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799:German Empire 3796: 3795:United States 3792: 3788: 3784: 3778: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3704: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3613: 3612:Murata rifles 3609: 3605: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3589:head of state 3586: 3585:Privy Council 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3423:field marshal 3420: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3404:Prussian Army 3401: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3351: 3348:In 1871, the 3346: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3302:Shinto shrine 3299: 3298:Emperor Meiji 3294: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3203:United States 3199: 3195: 3191: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3149:to the early 3148: 3144: 3143:Emperor Meiji 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3123:Emperor Meiji 3120: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3058:Modern period 3055: 3051: 3046: 3039: 3036: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2995:Matsumae clan 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2919: 2914: 2912: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2789: 2788:Tokugawa clan 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2731: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2651: 2650:Himeji Castle 2647: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2498: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2469: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2454:and numerous 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2402: 2393: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2271: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2118: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044: 2040:remained the 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012:feudal system 2009: 2005: 2004:Minamoto clan 2001: 1997: 1993: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1894: 1893: 1887: 1886:samurai class 1883: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1868:Samurai armor 1865: 1852: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1800:Fujiwara clan 1797: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1770:samurai clans 1759: 1752: 1741: 1734: 1724: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1699:Emperor Kanmu 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1584:Yamato Period 1575: 1574:, on Kyushu. 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1338: 1334: 1328: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1298: 1296: 1289: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1254:(JASDF). The 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225:United States 1222: 1219:in 1954. The 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1185:Emperor Meiji 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 999: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 935: 934: 924: 918: 915: 913: 910: 909: 907: 906: 901: 900: 896: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 866: 864: 863: 858: 857: 853: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 837:Anpo protests 835: 833: 832:Postwar Japan 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 744: 742: 741: 737: 736: 732: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 712: 710: 709: 704: 703: 699: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 629: 627: 626: 621: 620: 616: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 564: 560: 555: 554: 550: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 530: 528: 527: 522: 521: 517: 511: 508: 506: 503: 502: 500: 499: 494: 493: 489: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 464: 462: 461: 456: 455: 451: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 431: 429: 428: 423: 422: 418: 415: 414: 409: 408: 404: 401: 400: 395: 394: 390: 387: 386: 381: 380: 376: 373: 372: 367: 366: 362: 360: 359: 355: 354: 350: 348: 347: 343: 342: 330: 329: 325: 321: 320: 317: 314: 313: 309: 305: 304: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 153:Mishihase War 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 134: 127: 123: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 100: 96: 93: 81: 69: 58: 56: 52: 49: 44: 39: 35: 31: 28: 24: 19: 16: 14717:Vatican City 14636:Soviet Union 14384:West Sumatra 14253:Newfoundland 14207:South Africa 14202:Sierra Leone 14180:North Africa 14015:Tea ceremony 13992: 13986: / 13978:No-pan kissa 13976: 13947:Martial arts 13937:LGBT culture 13839:Architecture 13832: / 13777:Prostitution 13743:Homelessness 13713:Demographics 13637:Central bank 13467:Human rights 13435:Constitution 13290:Contemporary 13112:Early Modern 13016:Heian period 13004:Monmu period 12999:Taika Reform 12977:Asuka period 12972:Kofun period 12967:Yayoi period 12962:Jōmon period 12923: 12738:Dependencies 12668:Turkmenistan 12633:Saudi Arabia 12537: 12377: 12370: 12363: 12356: 12346: 12335: 12328: 12324: 12320: 12307: 12306:Paine, S.C. 12298: 12295:Nitobe Inazō 12285: 12278: 12271: 12259: 12252: 12245: 12238: 12228:. Retrieved 12224:the original 12214: 12199: 12189: 12179: 12170: 12163: 12153: 12146: 12113: 12109: 12077: 12058: 12024: 12007: 12006:Mayumi Ito, 12002: 11990:. Retrieved 11975: 11968: 11959: 11958:"Obituary". 11953: 11925: 11915: 11890: 11882: 11873: 11864: 11849:. Retrieved 11843: 11836: 11824:. Retrieved 11813: 11788: 11782: 11776: 11751: 11743: 11731:. Retrieved 11727:the original 11717: 11697: 11690: 11678:. Retrieved 11674:the original 11669: 11658: 11646:. Retrieved 11639:the original 11632: 11618: 11606:. Retrieved 11602:the original 11595: 11584: 11572:. Retrieved 11568:the original 11561: 11550: 11538:. Retrieved 11527: 11518: 11510:the original 11505: 11483:November 30, 11481:. Retrieved 11477:the original 11472: 11462: 11452:11 September 11450:. Retrieved 11436: 11424:. Retrieved 11410: 11398:. Retrieved 11384: 11372:. Retrieved 11363: 11354: 11342:. Retrieved 11333: 11323: 11311:. Retrieved 11307:the original 11303:The Diplomat 11302: 11292: 11280:. Retrieved 11276:the original 11272:The Mainichi 11271: 11262: 11250:. Retrieved 11241: 11231: 11219:. Retrieved 11210: 11201: 11189:. Retrieved 11172: 11160:. Retrieved 11151: 11141: 11129:. Retrieved 11125:the original 11115: 11103:. Retrieved 11099:the original 11095:The Mainichi 11094: 11085: 11073:. Retrieved 11069:the original 11065:The Mainichi 11064: 11055: 11043:. Retrieved 11039: 11029: 11018:. Retrieved 11009: 11000: 10988:. Retrieved 10974: 10962:. Retrieved 10958:the original 10953: 10944: 10932:. Retrieved 10928:the original 10918: 10906:. Retrieved 10902:the original 10892: 10880:. Retrieved 10876:the original 10866: 10854:. Retrieved 10850:the original 10845: 10836: 10826:26 September 10824:. Retrieved 10820:the original 10815: 10806: 10794:. Retrieved 10789: 10780: 10768:. Retrieved 10764:the original 10759: 10750: 10740: 10731: 10719:. Retrieved 10715:the original 10705: 10693:. Retrieved 10689:the original 10679: 10667:. 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Retrieved 9866:the original 9861: 9852: 9833: 9827: 9817:15 September 9815:. Retrieved 9812:Taipei Times 9811: 9801: 9793: 9785: 9778:ABC Lateline 9777: 9769: 9745: 9720:. Retrieved 9705: 9698: 9687:the original 9673: 9651: 9639: 9630: 9624: 9616: 9611: 9599:. Retrieved 9595:the original 9590: 9580: 9569:. Retrieved 9559: 9550: 9531: 9525: 9514:. Retrieved 9510: 9486:the original 9481: 9477: 9430: 9419:the original 9406: 9402: 9389: 9381:the original 9371: 9360:. Retrieved 9350: 9341: 9335: 9316: 9310: 9290: 9283: 9262: 9239:. Retrieved 9232: 9223: 9213: 9207: 9195:. Retrieved 9191:the original 9181: 9169:. Retrieved 9165: 9156: 9144:. Retrieved 9140:the original 9130: 9119:. Retrieved 9112: 9103: 9092:. Retrieved 9086: 9076: 9056: 9049: 9033: 9030:R. J. Rummel 9025: 9017: 9009: 8997:. Retrieved 8986: 8974:. Retrieved 8970: 8960: 8948:. Retrieved 8938: 8927:. Retrieved 8923:the original 8909: 8901:the original 8896: 8887: 8879: 8874: 8854: 8847: 8838: 8828: 8818:November 11, 8816:. Retrieved 8801: 8791: 8781: 8775: 8767: 8763: 8755: 8750: 8738:, p. 9. 8736:Peattie 2007 8731: 8719:. Retrieved 8715: 8705: 8696: 8685: 8673: 8661: 8653: 8648: 8628: 8621: 8602: 8593: 8573: 8566: 8555:. Retrieved 8551: 8542: 8530:. Retrieved 8518: 8513: 8506: 8494: 8489: 8481: 8476: 8467: 8456:. Retrieved 8452:the original 8442: 8431:. Retrieved 8427:the original 8420: 8413: 8389: 8379: 8367:. Retrieved 8363:the original 8353: 8344: 8335: 8330: 8318: 8309: 8288: 8276:. Retrieved 8262: 8254: 8250: 8242: 8237: 8218: 8199: 8180: 8168:. Retrieved 8149: 8142: 8123: 8117: 8109: 8105: 8086: 8067: 8048: 8029: 8023: 8004: 7998: 7974: 7967: 7948: 7939: 7930: 7921: 7915:Google Books 7910:pp. 145–147. 7909: 7903: 7898: 7889: 7868: 7859: 7853: 7844: 7838: 7830: 7811:. Retrieved 7807: 7798: 7790: 7778: 7737: 7732: 7724: 7718: 7686: 7680: 7661: 7655: 7646: 7638: 7633: 7623:November 19, 7621:. Retrieved 7617: 7608: 7594:cite journal 7559: 7553: 7542: 7530:江上波夫騎馬民族国家 7526: 7507: 7501: 7492: 7486: 7461: 7453: 7444: 7440: 7430: 7421: 7412: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7368: 7349: 7342: 7315: 7311: 7301: 7289: 7278:. Retrieved 7274:the original 7261: 7250: 7238:. Retrieved 7234: 7225: 7214:. Retrieved 7207:the original 7198: 7178:the original 7173: 7169: 7138:20 September 7136:. Retrieved 7126: 7107: 7079: 7074: 7068: 7063: 7057: 7039: 6979: 6759:– about the 6748: 6707:martial arts 6688: 6641:Meiji period 6635:who founded 6606: 6563: 6558: 6554: 6549: 6524: 6511: 6497: 6467: 6374: 6337: 6322: 6314: 6303: 6275: 6267: 6259: 6239: 6223:peace treaty 6200: 6194: 6183: 6178:Donald Trump 6175: 6157: 6150: 6142: 6130: 6088: 6066: 6058:cyberattacks 6055: 6047: 6040: 6021: 6017:Korea Strait 6001: 5981: 5966: 5955: 5940: 5909: 5894: 5890: 5886:World War II 5855: 5844: 5818:Indian Ocean 5815: 5811: 5799: 5783:Indo-Pacific 5777: 5775: 5755: 5747: 5740: 5736:Indo-Pacific 5686:is based in 5665: 5650: 5638: 5622: 5614:Soviet Union 5610: 5603: 5596: 5580: 5576:Yasuo Fukuda 5565: 5552: 5527: 5507: 5492: 5471:Amami Ōshima 5467:North Korean 5460: 5456: 5425: 5405:peacekeeping 5402: 5387: 5368:21st Century 5363: 5360: 5344: 5325: 5290: 5286:Soviet Union 5284:against the 5274:World War II 5258:Shōwa period 5255: 5204:World War II 5201: 5185:Yasuo Fukuda 5173: 5148: 5136: 5129: 5120:Kōkū Jieitai 5119: 5107: 5095: 5080: 5070: 5065: 5045: 5034: 5011: 4993: 4989:World War II 4972:human rights 4932:West Germany 4928:constitution 4924:West Germany 4920:Soviet Union 4913: 4896:World War II 4893: 4886: 4884: 4803: 4800: 4716: 4682: 4678: 4653: 4624: 4613: 4607:entered the 4605:Soviet Union 4586: 4579: 4573: 4561: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4539: 4511: 4468: 4448:Kokoda Track 4394:, capturing 4388:World War II 4378:, and other 4365: 4351: 4323:World War II 4301: 4283: 4240:Vichy French 4236:Soviet Union 4229: 4202:Nazi Germany 4199: 4160: 4129: 4076: 4069: 4061:White forces 4040: 4028:Jiaozhou Bay 4018: 4012: 3973: 3946: 3916: 3908: 3892: 3861: 3853: 3838: 3780: 3761: 3700: 3690:of multiple 3688:vassal state 3664:Qing dynasty 3661: 3642: 3630:Qing dynasty 3623: 3562: 3546:Meiji period 3535: 3515:Jules Brunet 3509:and learned 3495:martial arts 3453: 3443: 3417:family from 3384:War Minister 3381: 3347: 3343:Shōwa period 3295: 3288: 3271: 3265: 3219:Meiji Period 3205:such as the 3187: 3167: 3159:nation state 3151:Meiji Period 3116: 3081: 3061: 3045:Boshin Sensō 3025: 3003: 2993:against the 2991:led a revolt 2972: 2961: 2950: 2944: 2922: 2915: 2905: 2899: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2838: 2816: 2795:Ming Dynasty 2792: 2774:and then by 2772:Oda Nobunaga 2757: 2752: 2738: 2735: 2700: 2693:Oda Nobunaga 2689:arquebusiers 2682: 2670: 2659: 2608:Kantō region 2601: 2589:Kai Province 2569:Kawanakajima 2558: 2526:Kai Province 2516: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2485:, after the 2472: 2466: 2464: 2433: 2386: 2374:brief period 2363: 2297: 2260: 2236: 2224: 2211:Yuan Dynasty 2179:Yuan dynasty 2172: 2141: 2115: 2111:World War II 2092: 2075: 2071: 2059: 2051: 2041: 2023: 1989: 1953: 1948:, under the 1931: 1879: 1871: 1859:Feudal Japan 1833:Heian period 1793: 1778: 1766: 1723:Heian Period 1709:in northern 1679: 1677: 1670: 1650: 1631: 1625: 1610: 1594:Asuka period 1587: 1544:sent an army 1525: 1473: 1469:Yayoi people 1465:Jōmon people 1450: 1444:to northern 1430: 1427:Yayoi Period 1385: 1380: 1333:Jōmon period 1330: 1327:Jōmon Period 1250:(JMSDF) and 1237: 1209:World War II 1122: 1120: 1028: 1007:Christianity 903: 869:Lost Decades 860: 797:World War II 738: 706: 623: 558: 533:Nanban trade 524: 496: 458: 425: 411: 397: 383: 369: 356: 344: 273:World War II 193:Ōei Invasion 173:Gosannen War 99:Headquarters 37:Current form 15: 14765:New Zealand 14731:Oceania and 14685:Switzerland 14646:Byelorussia 14601:Netherlands 14443:Philippines 14283:Puerto Rico 14238:El Salvador 14030:Video games 13772:Pornography 13380:Prefectures 13360:Environment 13355:Earthquakes 13340:Archipelago 13247:Pacific War 13203:Late Modern 13011:Nara period 12957:Paleolithic 12797:Asia portal 12698:States with 12618:Philippines 12558:South Korea 12553:North Korea 12448:Afghanistan 12362:Turnbull, 12340:online free 12338:9.9 (2017) 12269:Hoyt, E. P. 11634:Shimonoseki 11625:人権意識のアップデート 11529:Apple Daily 11473:News.com.au 11040:DefenseNews 10335:Japan Times 10123:January 21, 9794:BBC History 9722:24 December 9585:ChartsBin. 9197:January 23, 8991:John Pike. 8754:Humphreys, 8710:John Pike. 8292:Takekoshi, 8268:Dower, John 8223:Bryant 1995 7240:7 September 7012:Pacific War 6777: [ 6699:Hiroo Onoda 6625:Sadao Araki 6520:好铁不打钉、好男不当兵 6369:court ranks 6348:Tokyo Domes 6211:North Korea 6189:Izumo class 6118:Izumo-class 5973:Indian Army 5452:nominal GDP 5421:Middle East 5388:The modern 5326:During the 5297:great power 5282:US military 5208:Hiroo Onoda 5158:Eisaku Satō 5035:The Allied 4914:Unlike the 4784:Ainu people 4499:Pacific War 4452:Guadalcanal 4418:, and many 4416:Philippines 4329:during the 4285:Hideki Tojo 4275:scrap metal 4267:Netherlands 4098:Pacific War 4041:During the 4024:World War I 3984:World War I 3860:battleship 3655:government 3529:during the 3421:. He was a 3367:was also a 3350:politicians 3274:) with the 3163:great power 2677:Tanegashima 2382:Nanboku-chō 2231:Kublai Khan 2146:tradition. 2038:aristocracy 1653:Nara period 1647:Nara Period 1633:Nihon Shoki 1540:Nihon Shoki 1528:Yamato clan 1476:San Guo Zhi 1276:Joint Staff 1193:imperialist 1129:- from the 959:Earthquakes 807:Pacific War 715:World War I 346:Paleolithic 269:Pacific War 249:World War I 161:Jinshin War 14760:New Guinea 14740:Antarctica 14733:Antarctica 14722:Yugoslavia 14641:Azerbaijan 14596:Luxembourg 14379:New Guinea 14278:New Mexico 14268:California 14175:Madagascar 14160:Gold Coast 14155:The Gambia 14020:Television 13942:Literature 13904:Hikikomori 13825:Aesthetics 13703:Censorship 13585:Ministries 13555:Government 13269:Heisei era 13252:Occupation 13210:Taishō era 13171:Boshin War 13151:Government 13119:Edo period 13032:Genpei War 12982:Taihō Code 12678:Uzbekistan 12653:Tajikistan 12568:Kyrgyzstan 12548:Kazakhstan 12468:Bangladesh 12458:Azerbaijan 12230:2010-06-18 12027:. London. 11767:0806110821 11426:27 October 11400:3 November 11020:2019-06-23 10990:28 October 10964:6 November 10934:6 November 10856:18 October 10506:2014-08-03 10480:4 February 10399:2018-05-10 10168:29 January 10067:2006-03-05 10020:2017-07-14 10008:(Report). 9601:15 October 9571:2014-08-03 9516:2013-04-23 9362:2009-02-01 9121:2015-02-06 9094:2015-02-06 9044:. Table 5A 8929:2015-02-06 8607:Paine 2003 8557:2017-08-21 8532:11 October 8458:2019-06-24 8433:2007-01-30 8294:pp. 285–86 8204:Davis 1999 8185:Davis 1999 8039:0853688265 8014:0804705259 7813:2017-08-21 7785:. (2005). 7715:. (2005). 7685:"Shogun". 7671:0804705232 7280:2012-07-15 7216:2019-06-24 7090:References 7067:pre-dated 6727:death poem 6637:Mitsubishi 6602:Boshin War 6537:missionary 6417:figurehead 6295:Shinzo Abe 6251:Shinzo Abe 6233:, and the 6203:Kyodo News 5787:John Kerry 5750:Shinzo Abe 5586:Resurgence 5568:Shinzō Abe 5534:under the 5444:Kofi Annan 5440:G4 nations 5417:South Asia 5358:missions. 5317:Heisei era 5181:Shinzo Abe 5004:Korean War 5000:Korean War 4820:fighters, 4792:Edo Period 4770:, and the 4570:Fred Borch 4483:Leyte Gulf 4436:New Guinea 4357:flying ace 4165:, Japan's 4110:See also: 3988:As an ally 3742:Ye Wanyong 3740:signed by 3531:Boshin War 3513:. Captain 3429:and twice 3327:Boshin War 3310:Boshin War 3300:founded a 3286:' armies. 3147:Edo Period 3129:. In 1868 3075:known as " 3027:Boshin War 2894:Edo period 2873:Edo Period 2782:after the 2666:Portuguese 2372:. After a 2268:Mongol bow 2243:Hakata Bay 2177:under the 2158:The First 2140:), in the 2130:swordsmith 1998:, and the 1996:Taira clan 1923:figurehead 1907:Shogunates 1829:Genpei War 1808:Genpei War 1740:Genpei War 1680:Sei-i Tai- 1560:Tang China 1480:Wa (Japan) 1191:and their 879:Cool Japan 747:Militarism 609:Boshin War 562:(Tokugawa) 444:Genpei War 225:Boshin War 221:Summer War 177:Genpei War 14745:Australia 14710:Gibraltar 14668:Catalonia 14591:Lithuania 14453:Singapore 14401:Indochina 14391:Hong Kong 14367:Manchuria 14336:Venezuela 14306:Argentina 14243:Greenland 14197:Nyasaland 13994:Otokonoko 13962:Mythology 13874:Festivals 13797:Sexuality 13750:Languages 13723:Etiquette 13718:Education 13667:Transport 13479:Judiciary 13440:Elections 13350:Districts 13335:Addresses 13323:Geography 13297:Reiwa era 13227:Shōwa era 13141:Meiji era 13131:Bakumatsu 13054:Genkō War 12914:Education 12877:Overviews 12764:Hong Kong 12718:Palestine 12643:Sri Lanka 12638:Singapore 12518:Indonesia 12130:161979005 12084:: Brill. 12043:cite book 11960:The Times 11733:25 August 10908:5 October 10882:7 October 10796:26 August 10770:31 August 10607:. Tokyo. 10096:March 28, 10045:April 27, 9415:1345-4250 9171:March 18, 8976:March 31, 8839:Study.com 8695:SMS 8693:Austrian 8652:Corbett | 8448:"History" 7793:, p. 570. 7764:cite book 7727:, p. 459. 7384:Antiquity 7372:Mason, 14 7294:Habu 2004 7270:153301537 7073:HMS 7062:HMS 6944:Kempeitai 6665:salaryman 6607:In 1873, 6531:Navarrese 6478:landlords 6280:signed a 6262:Taro Kono 6207:Article 9 6138:Article 9 6085:Reiwa era 6032:scrambles 5916:Australia 5839:sea lanes 5791:Article 9 5595:USS 5239:aborigine 5083:Article 9 4980:Article 9 4870:Shōwa era 4824:bombers, 4630:Tokyo Bay 4593:Hiroshima 4522:civilians 4471:Buna-Gona 4444:Milne Bay 4408:Singapore 4400:Hong Kong 4263:Indochina 4259:Manchukuo 4171:Manchuria 3904:East Asia 3869:. At the 3676:East Asia 3649:Weihaiwei 3638:Manchuria 3519:artillery 3325:from the 3293:in 1867. 3135:shogunate 3073:Americans 3006:Bakumatsu 2890:ō-suriage 2886:Norishige 2858:in 1867. 2745:Ikkō-ikki 2701:hinawa-jū 2683:The 1575 2604:Hōjō clan 2479:Ikkō-ikki 2366:Genkō War 2312:Genkō War 2207:Hong Dagu 2064:shogunate 2028:) of the 2014:based in 1785:Europeans 1566:, at the 1516:Kofun era 1361:sedentism 1246:(JGSDF), 1231:to allow 1187:in 1868. 1153:Shogunate 1127:millennia 998:Religion 989:Geography 974:Education 969:Era names 599:Bakumatsu 538:Imjin War 498:Muromachi 477:Genkō War 467:Jōkyū War 189:Genkō War 181:Jōkyū War 32:– 1000 BC 14790:Category 14631:Slovenia 14626:Slovakia 14616:Portugal 14504:Bulgaria 14458:Thailand 14433:Mongolia 14406:Cambodia 14326:Suriname 14316:Colombia 14140:Ethiopia 14069:Category 13884:Folklore 13782:Religion 13755:Japanese 13728:Gambling 13538:Maritime 13419:Politics 13400:Villages 13081:Ōnin War 12924:Military 12909:Economic 12843:articles 12787:Category 12708:Abkhazia 12658:Thailand 12613:Pakistan 12593:Mongolia 12588:Maldives 12583:Malaysia 12483:Cambodia 12327:(1961); 12288:(1994). 12284:Lone S. 12194:in JSTOR 11945:44090600 11923:(2000). 11670:Kotobank 11534:Archived 11446:Archived 11420:Archived 11394:Archived 11368:Archived 11338:Archived 11246:Archived 11215:Archived 11191:30 April 11156:Archived 11105:21 April 11045:22 April 11014:Archived 10984:Archived 10609:Archived 10584:Archived 10559:June 23, 10553:Archived 10420:Archived 10275:BBC News 10220:BBC News 10162:BBC News 10144:Archived 10119:. London 9991:Archived 9743:(2007). 9466:(2008). 9437:戦後政治と自衛隊 9241:8 August 9214:Missouri 9146:March 6, 8999:April 5, 8950:April 5, 8697:Radetzky 8527:15374653 8387:(2002). 8270:(2010). 7947:(1995). 7756:14970117 7614:"Shogun" 7586:27581845 7404:17316841 7334:26510569 7161:(2008). 6891:See also 6876:ninjutsu 6817:Yūshūkan 6661:pacifist 6576:and the 6508:花は桜木人は武士 6504:Japanese 6444:officers 6440:nobility 6437:military 6405:Kamakura 6395:and the 6344:Hokkaido 6310:Morrison 6193:JS 6182:JS 6158:Murasame 6156:JS 6149:JS 6096:via the 5971:and the 5922:and the 5874:American 5732:Far East 5688:Yokosuka 5602:JS 5436:20 years 5419:and the 5328:Gulf War 5262:Japanese 5174:de facto 5074:— 4996:Cold War 4985:pacifist 4936:Cold War 4822:Kamikaze 4814:Sen-Toku 4756:Hokkaido 4625:Missouri 4597:Nagasaki 4567:— 4487:Iwo Jima 4396:Thailand 4345:and the 4313:and the 4271:gasoline 4247:colonies 4234:and the 4019:Wakamiya 3947:Wakamiya 3877:led the 3805:and the 3722:Liaoning 3591:but the 3475:Ichigaya 3237:Ichigaya 3112:Nirayama 3094:for the 2983:Hokkaido 2848:Go-Yōzei 2740:ashigaru 2673:arquebus 2614:, under 2512:arquebus 2497:ashigaru 2448:Ōnin War 2252:Tsushima 2215:Kamikaze 2191:Tsushima 2048:Yoritomo 2036:and the 2016:Kamakura 1985:Kasagake 1925:and the 1915:de facto 1816:Minamoto 1663:, and a 1657:Buddhism 1621:Buddhism 1550:(of the 1548:Goguryeo 1437:Iron Age 1377:Japanese 1339:between 1083:Timeline 1073:Glossary 1044:Post-war 1039:Politics 1029:Military 1002:Buddhism 954:Currency 460:Kamakura 308:a series 306:Part of 285:Iraq War 197:Ōnin War 14673:Galicia 14651:Ukraine 14621:Romania 14571:Ireland 14566:Iceland 14556:Hungary 14546:Germany 14524:Finland 14519:Estonia 14514:Denmark 14499:Belgium 14494:Austria 14489:Albania 14331:Uruguay 14263:Arizona 14190:Morocco 14185:Tunisia 14170:Liberia 14025:Theatre 14000:Origami 13927:Irezumi 13922:Ikebana 13889:Gardens 13864:Cuisine 13817:Culture 13802:Smoking 13738:Housing 13686:Society 13620:Economy 13563:Cabinet 13445:Emperor 13385:Regions 13370:Islands 13257:Postwar 13185:(noble) 12950:Ancient 12897:Shoguns 12869:History 12859:Outline 12683:Vietnam 12598:Myanmar 12578:Lebanon 12508:Georgia 12463:Bahrain 12453:Armenia 12331:(1963). 12312:excerpt 12310:(2017) 12290:excerpt 12274:(1990). 12264:excerpt 12262:(2011) 12248:(1991). 12156:(2016) 12017:Sources 11992:9 April 11858:Alt URL 11851:17 June 11826:17 June 11805:2383897 11680:7 March 11648:7 March 11608:7 March 11574:7 March 11364:Reuters 11252:20 June 11162:19 June 11131:19 June 11075:3 April 10790:Reuters 10742:Reuters 10669:16 June 10639:16 June 10580:Reuters 10533:27 June 10452:25 June 10426:25 June 10359:15 June 10285:19 June 10200:25 June 10189:BIGLOBE 9945:Reuters 9906:13 June 9872:28 June 8758:, p. 25 8721:1 April 8656:, 2:333 8484:(1971). 8278:15 June 8170:15 June 7641:p. 272. 7577:5285490 7257:自衛隊: 組織 7030:Samurai 6986:Related 6813:Modern 6739:bushido 6735:samurai 6691:samurai 6645:samurai 6600:in the 6590:Satsuma 6584:except 6516:Chinese 6494:bushido 6490:samurai 6486:samurai 6470:samurai 6452:warrior 6433:samurai 6409:Emperor 6407:. The 6385:samurai 5977:Mizoram 5892:rate." 5718:of the 5700:Okinawa 5694:. The 5553:Bōeishō 5528:Bōeichō 5245:in the 5218:in the 5010:(警察予備隊 4976:Emperor 4812:), the 4790:in the 4766:), the 4764:Shikoku 4742:). The 4649:Nanjing 4562:Bushido 4553:Bushido 4548:Bushido 4543:Bushido 4534:Bushido 4491:Okinawa 4359:of the 4327:Nisshin 4321:during 4317:of the 4309:of the 4187:Nanjing 4032:Qingdao 3996:Germany 3982:during 3918:power. 3881:of the 3558:samurai 3550:samurai 3542:samurai 3425:in the 3415:samurai 3373:Satsuma 3369:samurai 3361:samurai 3329:to the 3284:Daimyos 3268:domains 3259:of the 3257:Kōtetsu 3175:Britain 3088:Edo Bay 3068:Edo Bay 2957:daimyōs 2940:Dokkōdō 2918:samurai 2906:daimyōs 2845:Emperor 2829:versus 2697:samurai 2691:led by 2591:during 2565:Kenshin 2561:Shingen 2546:Kenshin 2542:Shingen 2508:samurai 2474:daimyōs 2418:Shingen 2414:Kenshin 2328:Chihaya 2320:Akasaka 2310:in the 2263:samurai 2187:Mongols 2164:samurai 2103:England 2072:shōguns 2060:shōguns 2043:de jure 2020:samurai 1960:samurai 1955:daimyōs 1942:samurai 1932:In the 1919:Emperor 1873:Ō-yoroi 1789:samurai 1760:in 1185 1691:Emperor 1689:by the 1673:samurai 1604:on the 1500:Cao Wei 1496:Daifang 1488:Nashime 1373:pottery 1266:of the 1258:is the 1169:samurai 1142:warfare 1078:History 1017:Judaism 964:Economy 335:Periods 125:History 26:Founded 14680:Sweden 14611:Poland 14606:Norway 14581:Latvia 14551:Greece 14529:France 14482:Europe 14468:Turkey 14428:Malaya 14357:Ceylon 14311:Brazil 14273:Nevada 14248:Mexico 14228:Canada 14118:Africa 14010:Shinto 13932:Kawaii 13909:Hanami 13894:Geisha 13854:Cinema 13849:Bonsai 13767:People 13733:Health 13652:Energy 13533:Ground 13390:Rivers 13345:Cities 13183:Kazoku 12883:Lists 12841: 12728:Taiwan 12663:Turkey 12628:Russia 12563:Kuwait 12543:Jordan 12533:Israel 12493:Cyprus 12478:Brunei 12473:Bhutan 12166:(1997) 12158:online 12128: 12088: 12082:Leiden 12066: 12031: 11983: 11943: 11933: 11903: 11803: 11764: 11705: 11540:16 May 11374:18 May 11344:18 May 11313:18 May 11282:8 June 11221:4 July 10721:8 June 10695:4 July 10311:8 June 9897: 9840: 9757: 9713: 9660: 9538: 9443: 9413: 9323: 9298: 9271: 9064: 9040: 8862: 8809: 8636: 8581: 8525: 8401: 8369:8 June 8322:Iida, 8161: 8130: 8036: 8011: 7986: 7955: 7787:"Kuge" 7754: 7744: 7693: 7668: 7584: 7574: 7534: 7514: 7474: 7402: 7357: 7332: 7268: 7114: 7075:Hermes 7040: 6835:Kaiten 6827:Yamato 6711:movies 6594:Chōshū 6529:, the 6518:: 6429:daimyo 6425:shōgun 6419:. The 6413:shōgun 6381:daimyo 6377:shōgun 6350:. The 6219:Russia 6100:. The 5960:. The 5918:, the 5682:. The 5661:F-35Bs 5481:and 2 5260:, the 5114:. The 4974:. The 4838:Kaiten 4804:Yamato 4774:. The 4762:, and 4760:Kyushu 4752:Honshu 4475:Tarawa 4473:, the 4464:Kohima 4460:Imphal 4454:. The 4450:, and 4446:, the 4414:, the 4410:, the 4404:Malaya 4380:Allies 4261:) and 4130:Yamato 4104:, and 4052:. The 3980:Allies 3862:Mikasa 3801:, the 3797:, the 3793:, the 3789:, the 3785:, the 3726:Taiwan 3651:, the 3614:(1894) 3575:. The 3540:. The 3462:陸軍士官学校 3339:Taishō 3291:France 3280:bakufu 3253:Kasuga 3137:. The 3084:Odaiba 3014:Sakoku 2952:Sakoku 2932:Kensei 2840:shōgun 2803:Joseon 2769:daimyō 2761:daimyō 2641:(1575) 2612:Takeda 2554:movies 2519:daimyo 2456:daimyō 2424:(1561) 2390:katana 2342:. The 2330:, the 2326:, and 2322:, the 2247:Kyushu 2195:Kyushu 2162:. The 2123:五郎入道正宗 2107:France 2099:Kyushu 2076:shōgun 2018:. The 2002:, the 1756:Naval 1711:Honshu 1707:Emishi 1682:shōgun 1617:Buddha 1602:Baekje 1556:Baekje 1484:Himiko 1452:Bronze 1446:Honshū 1442:Kyūshū 1369:sherds 1345:14,000 1343: 1282:統合幕僚監部 1211:. 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