152:). After 5500 years ago, sea level rise slowed down to a rate of 0.15 meters per century. This allowed sedimentation to catch up and fill in the estuary. Tidal inlets further to the west were blocked by sediment by 3300 years ago. However the Boorne remained open and gradually eroded further and further south and then branched west south of what is now Westergo. People started living adjacent to the channels about 600 BC. The tidal channel moved to the east to what would become the Middelzee. Before the year 900, the new tidal channel scoured deeper and deeper and flooding extended even further inland. After 900 the flooding reached its maximum extent, and it became known as the Middelzee. The southwestern extremity joined up with the
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At the beginning of the 10th century people became more organised and worked to prevent the further encroachment of the
Middelzee. Levees and natural marsh bars were raised along the shore north of Steins on the western coast of Oostergo. This also happened on the north west facing coast of Westergo
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time period, and the mouth of the river was forced more and more easterly, until it was heading in a north-northwest direction from Akkrum. In the
Holocene, the sea rose flooding the valley to form an estuary. Before 7000 years ago, the sea was rising at a rate of 0.75 meters per century, and the
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The southwestern arm of the
Middelzee was progressively sectioned off by building dykes across the arm, in four stages. Around 1200 AD a dyke near Rauwerd finished the closure of the arm. This turned what was a mud flat into a salt marsh, and silt gradually collected to fill the areas in.
217:. It can still be recognized as new land since there are only a small number of villages lying in the area of the former Middelzee. The fertile sea clay bottom is mostly used as meadow land but also
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By the fifteenth century the
Middelzee was reduced to a funnel shape along Frisia's north coast and further silting of the remaining part rendered it unusable. From the early sixteenth century the
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in
Friesland, Drenthe, and Groningen. It flowed from Saalien glacial till plateau in a southwest direction, and met the sea west of Het Bildt. The Boorne passed the current location of
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Leeuwarden and the trading terp villages along the coast of
Middelzee lost their ability to trade with watercraft when they became isolated from the route to the Wadden Zee.
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van der Spek, A. J. F. (11 August 1995). "Reconstruction of Tidal Inlet and
Channel Dimensions in the Frisian Middelzee, a Former Tidal Basin in the Dutch Wadden Sea".
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along the Reid. During the 10th century a dyke was established along the east coast of
Westergo along the coast of the Middelzee. The mother
199:. The 12th century also saw land reclamation along the north west shore of Oostergo, shrinking the funnel shaped part of the Middelzee.
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rising sea was faster than the sedimentation There are still estuary sediments west of
Jorwerd, that were deposited during 6400-5300
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213:, literally meaning "new land", and also there are several villages where the lands formerly of the Middelzee are still called
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The name
Middelzee is still used as a name for an administrative coalition between the so-called Middelzee municipalities of
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is situated on the new lands. The border between Eastergoa and Westergoa in the former Middelzee is now drained by the River
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was formed in that funnel, and is now a Frisian municipality that fills the mouth of what once was the Middelzee.
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was dyked off in the first half of the 13th century, and by 1300 it was reclaimed up to
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were established as regions of land completely encircled by dykes.
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This text is based on an article on the West Frisian Knowledge:
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95:(Oostergo). Other historical names for the Middelzee include
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Map of the former Middelzee in West Frisian showing dates of
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362:Tidal Signatures in Modern and Ancient Sediments
205:Gradually the Middelzee silted up, forming the
187:The northern section of the Middelzee, passing
395:"Cultural Entities (The Netherlands) Westergo"
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111:. The names like Bordine, mean "border".
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209:("new lands"). One village is called
324:. CultGIS. 3 May 2015. Archived from
319:"Aandachtsgebied 87: Middelzee-Marne"
287:"Aandachtsgebied 87: Middelzee-Marne"
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139:became blocked by sand dunes in the
83:and marked the border between main
31:An 1834 map of the former Middelzee
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123:the Boorne was a river that had a
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229:), that runs from Sneek to
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371:10.1002/9781444304138.ch16
292:. CultGIS. Archived from
135:. The connection to the
430:Geography of Friesland
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365:. pp. 239–258.
331:on 15 February 2017
299:on 15 February 2017
219:Leeuwarden Air Base
59:mouth of the River
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43:for "middle sea";
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79:northward to the
16:(Redirected from
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165:land reclamation
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261:Leeuwarderadeel
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156:near Bolsward.
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91:(Westergo) and
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398:. Retrieved
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333:. Retrieved
326:the original
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301:. Retrieved
294:the original
265:Menameradiel
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150:Mid-Atlantic
119:Back in the
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71:province of
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45:West Frisian
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303:15 February
207:nije lannen
171:Reclamation
141:Weichselian
121:Pleistocene
115:Pre-history
87:regions of
271:References
231:Leeuwarden
189:Leeuwarden
137:Wadden Sea
81:Wadden Sea
55:, was the
253:Het Bildt
246:Het Bildt
235:Het Bildt
215:it Nijlân
93:Eastergoa
89:Westergoa
73:Friesland
49:Middelsee
37:Middelzee
18:Middelsee
424:Category
400:23 March
335:24 March
105:Boerdiep
101:Borndiep
197:Beetgum
178:polders
133:Rauwerd
109:Bordena
85:Frisian
57:estuary
53:Bordine
377:
263:, and
242:polder
227:Swette
223:Zwette
211:Nijlân
193:Stiens
129:Akkrum
107:, and
97:Bordaa
61:Boorne
329:(PDF)
322:(PDF)
297:(PDF)
290:(PDF)
77:Sneek
69:Dutch
65:Boarn
41:Dutch
402:2018
375:ISBN
337:2018
305:2017
195:and
131:and
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367:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
