170:
separating the last entry (which has the date "in the same year") may be evidence that the copyist was "faced with an erasure, or simply felt constrained to omit a passage which his court readership wished to suppress", but
Anthony Bryer points out the scribe "made no attempt to cover up the fact." Bryer himself proposed that this gap had contained at least two entries referring to the assassination of Emperor
158:
211:, one of six works contained in this manuscript. All of the works comprising this manuscript were written by the same group of scribes; the paper of this manuscript has watermarks indicating it was made between 1440 and 1450, which led Peter Schreiner to date this manuscript to that decade. Although the manuscript had thought to have come to the
187:
pre-chronicle. He needed only to copy it." Panaretos provides chronological information on rulers up to
Alexios III in two forms -- dates when the ruler began and ended his or her reign, and the length of the reign -- which do not always match, suggesting he drew on at least two written sources for this data.
177:
It is not known where
Panaretos found information for his work; he makes no allusions to his sources in the body of his work. About half of the chronicle is devoted to the years between 1349 and 1390, which falls into his adult lifetime. Interviews with older contemporaries could provide material for
215:
from the private library of
Bessarion, Schreiner's investigation shows it had been owned in the later 15th century (during Bessarion's lifetime) by Johannes Zacharias; at some point in the 18th century the manuscript came into the possession of Giambattisti Recanti, whose will bequeathed his private
186:
which states there was a frescoed hall in the imperial palace displaying portraits of all of the Grand
Komnenoi with their families in chronological order with brief accounts of their reign. "This dynastic gallery with its inscriptions might have easily served Panaretos as a background for his brief
148:
We know that he had at least two sons, both of whom died in 1368 while
Penaretos was away in Constantinople: Constantine who died from drowning at the age of fifteen, and Romanos who died from disease at the age of seventeen. Panaretos was obviously greatly affected by their deaths because these are
169:
is a very brief work of twenty printed pages, covering the history of the Empire of
Trebizond from its foundation in 1204. In its surviving form, there are at least five entries at the end dated from 1395 to 1426 (or 1429) that experts attribute to one or more continuators; a gap of about 10 lines
117:, which he himself barely escaped from with his life. Thereafter, he alludes to himself by using the first person plural when recording events in the annals. But he does not refer to himself by name until his entry dated to April 1363: he was part of an embassy, which included the
113:. What Panaretos' exact position was at this time is not certain, but his next appearance does not come until the Trapezuntine civil war was over when he records he went with the emperor Alexios III in a disastrous attack on
234:
but without translation or commentary. Fallmerayer published an edition of the Greek text with a German translation and commentary in 1844. The first scholarly, critical text of the
Chronicle was done by
57:
and his successors. This chronicle not only provides a chronological framework for this medieval empire, it also contains much valuable material on the early history of the
198:
which was commonly used in the
Trebizond of his time. Throughout the chronicle, Panaretos never refers to his countrymen as Greeks, as was the custom in Byzantium, but as
376:
Peter
Schreiner, "Bemerkungen zur Handschrift der trapezuntinischen Chronik des Michael Panaretos in der Bibliotheca Marciana (Marc.gr.608/coll. 306)", in
240:
124:
204:, or as Christians. Although the chronicle ends in 1426, scholarly consensus is that the last four entries were written by an anonymous contributor.
227:
73:, "it has become possible to a certain extent to restore the chronological sequence of the most important events in the history of Trebizond. This
506:
1060:
465:, edited and translated by Scott Kennedy, Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library 52 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2019), pp. 1-57.
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478:
101:. Panaretos makes his first appearance in an entry for 1351 when he records that he went with the mother of the emperor Alexios III,
127:, sent to Constantinople to negotiate a marriage between one of the daughters of Alexios and one of the sons of the emperor
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Eustathii metropolitae Thessalonicensis opuscula; accedunt Trapezuntinae historiae scriptores Panaretus et Eugenicus
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Fallermerayer, "Original-Fragmente, Chroniken und anderes Materiale zur Geschichte des kaiserthums Trapezunt",
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Lambros, "Τὸ Τραπεζουντιακὸν Χρονικὸν τοῦ πρωτοσεβαστοῦ καὶ πρωτονοταρίου Μιχαῂλ Παναρέτου",
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in 1958. The most recent edition, with an English translation, was by Scott Kennedy in 2019.
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132:
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covers the period from 1204 to 1426 and gives several names of emperors formerly unknown."
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Abhandlungen der histoischen Klasse der königlich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaftern
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All that is known about Panaretos is what little he tells us in his chronicle. He was a
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Panaretos differs from the tradition of Greek historians by not writing in a learned,
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of Venice. "Owing to this drab but truthful chronicle," writes the Russian Byzantist
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historian. His sole surviving work is a chronicle of the Trapezuntine empire of
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Fallmerayer quoted and translated by Vasiliev, "Empire of Trebizond", p. 336.
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Maistor: Classical, Byzantine and Renaissance Studies for Robert Browning
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the generation before his lifetime. Fallmerayer pointed to a passage in
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The historian Fallmerayer, who rediscovered Panaretos' chronicle in 1844
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484:
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Mare et Litora: Essays Presented to Sergei Karpov for his 60th Birthday
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who published the Greek text in 1832 in an appendix to his edition of
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discovered it in the nineteenth century among the manuscripts of the
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131:. Besides the emperor, this embassy also met with the emperor-monk
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from a Byzantine perspective, however it was almost unknown until
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library to the Biblioteca 12 November 1734. Although Panaretos'
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Vasiliev, "The Empire of Trebizond in History and Literature",
349:
Bryer, "'The faithless Kabazitai and Scholarioi'", pp. 309-330
157:
239:, a Greek scholar, in 1907. Another edition was published by
149:
the only personal events that he describes in his chronicle.
28:
380:, edited by Rustam Shukurov (Moscow: Indrik, 2009), pp. 615f
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As expressed by Vasiliev, "Empire of Trebizond", p. 333.
328:
Bryer, "'The faithless Kabazitai and Scholarioi'", in
445:"Michael Panaretos: Concerning the Great Komnenoi",
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404:(Frankfurt: Schmerber, 1832), pp. 362-371
145:the captain of Genoese Galata in that order.
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207:The sole copy of this work is part of
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389:Schreiner, "Bemerkungen", pp. 620-622
1061:People from the Empire of Trebizond
461:"On the Emperors of Trebizond," in
220:was discovered by Fallmerayer, the
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14:
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1056:14th-century Byzantine historians
964:Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos
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887:Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger
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71:Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev
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479:A partial English translation
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452:(1958), pp. 5-128 (in Greek)
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573:Socrates of Constantinople
232:Eustathius of Thessalonica
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639:Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite
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172:Alexios IV Megas Komnenos
63:Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer
45:) was an official of the
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762:Theophanes the Confessor
1005:Laonikos Chalkokondyles
694:Theophanes of Byzantium
644:Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
609:Eustathius of Epiphania
553:Panodorus of Alexandria
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830:Theophanes Continuatus
548:Olympiodorus of Thebes
528:Annianus of Alexandria
463:Two Works on Trebizond
334:Byzantina Australiensa
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1025:Pseudo-George Kodinos
969:John VI Kantakouzenos
943:Theodore Skoutariotes
730:Theophylact Simocatta
659:Liberatus of Carthage
614:Evagrius Scholasticus
332:, Ann Moffatt editor
184:Encomium on Trebizond
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111:Constantine Doranites
917:Constantine Manasses
746:Hippolytus of Thebes
725:Trajan the Patrician
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604:Cyril of Scythopolis
515:Byzantine historians
237:Spyrindon P. Lambros
133:John VI Kantakuzenos
99:Alexios III Komnenos
959:Nicephorus Gregoras
846:Michael Attaleiates
679:Peter the Patrician
568:Sabinus of Heraclea
436:(1907), pp. 266-294
213:Biblioteca Marciana
67:Biblioteca Marciana
47:Trapezuntine empire
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938:George Akropolites
669:Menander Protector
624:John Diakrinomenos
241:Odysseus Lampsides
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129:John V Palaiologos
109:against the rebel
103:Irene of Trebizond
97:in the service of
55:Alexios I Komnenos
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979:Michael Panaretos
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634:John of Epiphania
431:Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων
420:(1844), pp. 11-40
267:(1940-41), p. 333
143:Leonardo Montaldo
20:Michael Panaretos
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713:7th century
592:6th century
521:5th century
315:Panaretos,
302:Panaretos,
289:Panaretos,
276:Panaretos,
192:Attic Greek
43: 1390
39: 1320
1040:Categories
538:John Rufus
247:References
41: – c.
684:Procopius
583:Theodoret
317:Chronicle
304:Chronicle
291:Chronicle
278:Chronicle
261:Byzantion
218:Chronicle
180:Bessarion
167:Chronicle
75:Chronicle
674:Nonnosus
649:Jordanes
599:Agathias
533:Eunapius
319:, ch. 40
306:, ch. 32
293:, ch. 20
280:, ch. 16
115:Cheriana
704:Zosimus
578:Sozomen
563:Priscus
543:Malchus
201:Romaioi
138:podestà
1015:Doukas
141:, and
107:Limnia
49:and a
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51:Greek
24:Greek
165:His
91:and
81:Life
182:'s
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450:22
336:,
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174:.
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36:c.
34:;
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22:(
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