330:
company's failure to account for $ 93.7 million in income on its income tax returns from 1996 through 1999. Compton had assisted the company in setting up secret offshore bank accounts and trusts in the Cayman
Islands and was aware that Bradley, Ellis, and Blevins each had over $ 1 million in unreported cash concealed in safes within their homes. In July 2002, criminal investigators of the Internal Revenue Service raided Compton's office, seizing documents and computer data, and in November 2003, 10 days after a warrant against Metabolife and its principals was unsealed in U.S. District Court, Compton died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.
329:
According to federal prosecutors in the case against
Metabolife and its executives, the company's certified public accountant, Michael Compton, knew about and helped conceal Metabolife's illegal activities. Compton had admitted falsifying tax returns for company executives and was complicit in the
175:
lab. Ellis and a boyhood friend, Michael
Blevins, were arrested in 1989 for producing and distributing methamphetamine. Both Ellis and Blevins cooperated with federal authorities in return for lighter sentences. Following Blevins' release from prison, the two formed Metabolife to market ephedra, a
155:. A congressional investigation found that Metabolife had received thousands of reports of serious adverse events, many occurring in young and otherwise healthy people, and that Metabolife concealed the reports and acted with "indifference to the health of consumers."
318:; ultimately, the company pleaded guilty to filing fraudulent tax returns and was sentenced to pay a criminal fine of $ 600,000. Metabolife owner William Bradley also pleaded guilty to evading millions of dollars in taxes and was sentenced to 6 months in
195:. The product became highly successful due to a marketing plan that enlisted customers to advertise and sell the supplement; at their peak, sales of Metabolife 356 were in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually. At one point, Metabolife offered the
293:
sales of ephedra. Bush subsequently returned the $ 10,000 after Ellis' and
Blevins' methamphetamine convictions were publicized in the media. Other recipients of Metabolife contributions included then-Governor of California
176:
herbal supplement containing compounds chemically related to methamphetamine. Ellis served as the company's CEO until
September 2000, when he was succeeded by David Brown (Brown went on to serve as president and CEO of
277:), among other politicians. Bilbray subsequently criticized the FDA's treatment of Metabolife and its efforts to regulate ephedra. During this period in the late 1990s, Metabolife contributed $ 1.6 million in
362:
Metabolife's non-ephedra assets were acquired by
Ideasphere Inc., a New York-based dietary-supplement manufacturer, for $ 12 million in 2007. In 2008, Michael Ellis authored a memoir entitled
359:
in 2005. The company's furnishings and property, including a large collection of artwork, were liquidated in late 2006 to compensate creditors and settle outstanding personal-injury claims.
526:
151:
Subsequently, Metabolife's founder
Michael Ellis was convicted of lying to the FDA and concealing evidence of ephedra's dangers, and the company and its owner were both convicted of
428:
392:
219:
considered regulating ephedra more strictly, in response to reports of adverse reactions and more than 100 deaths linked to the supplement. These included reports of
140:, once generated hundreds of millions of dollars in annual sales. However, Metabolife 356 and other ephedra-containing supplements were linked to thousands of
551:
421:
536:
348:
to a single count of lying to the FDA about the adverse effects of
Metabolife 356. He was sentenced to 6 months in federal prison and a $ 20,000 fine.
1194:
901:"Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic effects of a multicomponent dietary supplement containing ephedra and caffeine: a randomized controlled trial"
1903:
1893:
1320:
250:
against regulation of ephedra, forming an advocacy group called the
Dietary Supplement Safety and Science Coalition and contributing heavily to
1913:
1742:
943:
1908:
1898:
1883:
807:
Chen C, Biller J, Willing SJ, Lopez AM (January 2004). "Ischemic stroke after using over the counter products containing ephedra".
1341:
400:
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635:
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1313:
950:
311:
1032:
1179:
145:
561:
270:
258:
1427:
367:
764:
Enders JM, Dobesh PP, Ellison JN (December 2003). "Acute myocardial infarction induced by ephedrine alkaloids".
333:
Some of the politicians associated with
Metabolife also encountered legal difficulties; Texas state legislators
1306:
588:
556:
432:
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1004:
500:
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1417:
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216:
1878:
1767:
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200:
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1447:
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243:; the trial concluded that there were serious safety concerns associated with the use of Metabolife.
1067:
307:
1797:
1661:
1651:
1527:
1477:
1437:
1199:
1155:
1009:
721:
Walton R, Manos GH (July 2003). "Psychosis related to ephedra-containing herbal supplement use".
505:
341:
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954:
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1691:
1627:
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1329:
356:
290:
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235:. A clinical trial conducted to address safety concerns found that Metabolife 356 increased
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8:
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special agent who arrested Ellis in 1989 for producing and distributing methamphetamine.
129:
95:
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881:
832:
789:
746:
734:
676:
651:
Wolfe SM (April 2003). "Medicine. Ephedra--scientific evidence versus money/politics".
315:
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133:
84:
584:"Diet drug maker faces wrongful death lawsuits -- maker of Metabolife 356 is targeted"
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899:
McBride BF, Karapanos AK, Krudysz A, Kluger J, Coleman CI, White CM (January 2004).
885:
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1072:
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912:
863:
816:
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Verduin ML, Labbate LA (2002). "Psychosis and delirium following metabolife use".
340:
Following the FDA's ban of ephedra, Michael Ellis was indicted on eight counts of
1812:
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352:
172:
285:. At the state level, Metabolife contributed $ 10,000 to then-Governor of Texas
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820:
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to the FDA in an effort to obstruct regulation of ephedra. Ellis ultimately
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rocket and incorporate Metabolife's ephedra supplement into the diet of its
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785:
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and Rick Green were accused of illegal lobbying on behalf of the company.
1837:
1607:
1472:
1407:
852:"Diabetic ketoacidosis associated with Metabolife: a report of two cases"
345:
251:
148:(FDA) to ban the sale of ephedra-containing dietary supplements in 2004.
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Metabolife was founded in the early 1990s by Michael Ellis, a former
47:
1264:"The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products"
1772:
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1686:
1572:
1542:
1507:
1482:
1467:
1462:
1442:
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247:
944:"Metabolife and owner William Bradley Plead Guilty to Tax Charges"
351:
In response to falling sales, and facing more than $ 1 billion in
1807:
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1582:
1567:
1492:
1487:
1432:
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184:
429:
United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
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1100:
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196:
1847:
1832:
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1387:
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898:
355:
legal claims related to Metabolife 356, Metabolife filed for
1247:
289:, who intervened to stop regulation which would have banned
107:
1643:
1557:
1123:"Criminal investigation sought for diet supplement seller"
806:
183:
Metabolife 356, an ephedra supplement manufactured by
1262:
Bent S, Tiedt TN, Odden MC, Shlipak MG (March 2003).
1261:
1253:
Metabolife 356 Associated With Increased Cardiac Risk
905:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
281:
to both political parties, and almost $ 3 million to
1328:
763:
615:
414:
1180:"Metabolife Founder Gets 6-Month Prison Sentence"
1860:
171:for charges relating to his involvement with a
1222:"Metabolife's Artwork Goes on the Block Today"
1195:"Ex-Metabolife Hopes to Settle Ephedra Claims"
693:
1314:
1151:"Metabolife will plead guilty, end tax probe"
849:
607:
552:"Metabolife and Walgreen's hit up for $ 450k"
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
1743:European Grouping of Marketing Professionals
364:The Metabolife Story: The Rape of Cinderella
187:, was initially marketed by Metabolife as a
998:
996:
720:
393:"Metabolife Continues Its Search for Buyer"
1321:
1307:
481:
210:
191:, but in 1995 was rebranded as an aid for
1523:Juice Plus AKA National Safety Associates
1281:
1174:
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1059:
1057:
1055:
916:
867:
1192:
1148:
1005:"Kickbacks also paid, affidavit alleges"
1002:
993:
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549:
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460:
132:. Metabolife's best-selling product, an
1904:Bankrupt companies of the United States
1894:Defunct multi-level marketing companies
1283:10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00010
1030:
1024:
575:
456:
454:
452:
422:"Adverse Event Reports from Metabolife"
1861:
1169:
1065:
1052:
977:
850:Case CC, Maldonado M (November 2002).
613:
386:
384:
382:
1302:
1093:
1087:
933:
550:Gonzalez, Steve (November 30, 2004).
543:
390:
199:$ 15 million to paint its logo on an
144:, including deaths, which caused the
1914:2006 disestablishments in California
1219:
1003:Crabtree, Penni (December 2, 2003).
809:Journal of the Neurological Sciences
449:
16:Former multi-level marketing company
951:United States Department of Justice
379:
366:, with a testimonial by the former
306:Metabolife was investigated by the
13:
1031:Hettena, Seth (October 17, 2004).
856:Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
735:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000054913.04507.68
582:Bortnick, Barry (April 22, 2000).
246:Metabolife took an active role in
87:assets acquired by Ideasphere Inc.
14:
1925:
1909:1995 establishments in California
1241:
1066:Bauder, Don (November 26, 2003).
146:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
1899:Companies disestablished in 2006
1094:Vardi, Nathan (April 19, 2004).
869:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2002.00235.x
527:"Executive profile: David Brown"
461:Brownlee, Shannon (2000-06-07).
1884:Health law in the United States
1213:
1186:
1142:
1115:
1033:"Metabolife: its rise and fall"
980:"Breaking Stories: Case Closed"
971:
892:
843:
800:
757:
714:
687:
301:
296:Joseph Graham 'Gray' Davis, Jr.
1193:Crabtree, Penni (2002-06-02).
1149:Washburn, David (2005-08-06).
644:
557:The Madison / St. Clair Record
519:
499:Crabtree, Penni (2003-07-20).
431:. October 2002. Archived from
118:Metabolife International, Inc.
20:Metabolife International, Inc.
1:
1874:Companies established in 1995
1869:Companies based in California
778:10.1592/phco.23.15.1645.31959
373:
1428:Discount Home Shoppers' Club
1418:Crowd Sourcing International
953:. 2005-10-05. Archived from
7:
1768:International Heritage Inc.
1269:Annals of Internal Medicine
978:Potter, Matt (2006-10-05).
696:Psychopharmacology Bulletin
298:, who was given $ 175,000.
201:International Space Station
10:
1930:
1828:United Sciences of America
1672:Nature's Sunshine Products
1448:Fuel Freedom International
1220:Bell, Diane (2006-11-30).
501:"Little Pill, Big Trouble"
397:San Diego Business Journal
391:Allen, Mike (2005-10-17).
158:
1758:Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing
1710:
1641:
1355:
1337:
821:10.1016/j.jns.2003.08.012
101:
91:
79:
64:
54:
42:
34:
24:
723:Southern Medical Journal
308:Internal Revenue Service
1662:LifeVantage Corporation
1478:The Longaberger Company
1438:Forever Living Products
1226:San Diego Union-Tribune
1200:San Diego Union-Tribune
1156:San Diego Union-Tribune
1010:San Diego Union-Tribune
665:10.1126/science.1081910
506:San Diego Union-Tribune
342:making false statements
215:In the late 1990s, the
211:Regulation and lobbying
189:bodybuilding supplement
1588:Southwestern Advantage
918:10.1001/jama.291.2.216
142:serious adverse events
1778:Koscot Interplanetary
1728:Black Oxygen Organics
1692:Usana Health Sciences
1628:World Financial Group
1393:Arbonne International
1330:Multi-level marketing
357:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
312:Department of Justice
233:diabetic ketoacidosis
126:San Diego, California
122:multi-level marketing
38:Medicine, weight loss
29:Multi-level marketing
1753:Excel Communications
1748:European Home Retail
1533:North American Power
1528:Neal's Yard Remedies
1248:Metabolife home page
1068:"A Metabolife Death"
982:. SanDiegoReader.com
614:Hurley, Dan (2006).
463:"Swallowing Ephedra"
1889:Dietary supplements
1677:Nu Skin Enterprises
596:on November 5, 2013
564:on October 15, 2013
241:cardiac arrhythmias
130:dietary supplements
128:which manufactured
96:Dietary supplements
21:
1879:Corporate scandals
1718:Aman Futures Group
1613:Usborne Publishing
1598:Success University
316:income tax evasion
197:Russian government
153:income tax evasion
136:supplement called
19:
1856:
1855:
1823:The Trump Network
1803:Royal Tongan Limu
1633:YTB International
637:978-0-7679-2042-1
539:on July 10, 2012.
239:and induced mild
124:company based in
115:
114:
50:, California, USA
1921:
1618:Vector Marketing
1513:Modi Enterprises
1323:
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1073:San Diego Reader
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592:. Archived from
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560:. Archived from
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535:. Archived from
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458:
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399:. Archived from
388:
291:over-the-counter
111:
110:
108:Official website
83:Bankruptcy; non-
75:
73:
22:
18:
1929:
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1813:Sunshine Empire
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772:(12): 1645–51.
766:Pharmacotherapy
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353:personal injury
322:and 2 years of
304:
213:
173:methamphetamine
161:
106:
105:
71:
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60:Michael Blevins
59:
46:Early 1990s in
17:
12:
11:
5:
1927:
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1563:Rodan + Fields
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1503:Market America
1500:
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1453:Grupo Omnilife
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1403:BioPerformance
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1375:
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1347:Direct selling
1344:
1338:
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1318:
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1303:
1297:
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1259:
1255:. Peggy Peck,
1250:
1243:
1242:External links
1240:
1238:
1237:
1212:
1185:
1168:
1141:
1114:
1096:"Poison Pills"
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1023:
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842:
799:
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628:Broadway Books
618:Natural Causes
606:
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413:
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375:
372:
335:Jeff Wentworth
320:federal prison
303:
300:
287:George W. Bush
237:blood pressure
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165:police officer
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138:Metabolife 356
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1798:Nouveau Riche
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1763:Holiday Magic
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1667:Morinda, Inc.
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1593:Stream Energy
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346:pled guilty
252:Congressmen
178:LifeVantage
1863:Categories
1783:Metabolife
1733:BurnLounge
1231:2007-06-22
1206:2007-04-11
1162:2007-04-11
1135:2007-04-11
986:2008-04-11
964:2008-11-24
600:2012-08-23
568:2012-08-22
512:2008-10-07
474:2008-10-07
442:2013-03-29
407:2007-04-11
374:References
279:soft money
267:Dan Burton
205:cosmonauts
180:in 2008).
1843:WakeUpNow
1818:Telexfree
1682:Protandim
1578:SeneGence
1553:Primerica
1498:Mannatech
1458:Herbalife
1332:companies
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1128:USA Today
681:152994880
468:Salon.com
324:probation
283:lobbyists
221:psychosis
169:probation
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1773:Kleeneze
1702:Younique
1687:Sunrider
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1543:Oriflame
1508:Medifast
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1463:Isagenix
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1568:Scentsy
1493:Lyoness
1488:LuLaRoe
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185:Chemins
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