850:
255:
599:
1660:, p. 202: "Because of the high birthrates their number is constantly increasing and, according to sources, has already reached 400,000 (Panesh and Ermolov, 1990)... It is true that the last Soviet census of 1989 gives a lower figure - 207,369; however, one should take into account that far from all Meskhetian Turks have been registered as such. For years many were even denied the right to register their nationality in legal documents. Thus, by 1988 in Kazakhstan, only one third of them were recorded as Turks on their passports. The rest had been arbitrarily declared members of other ethnic groups.."
345:
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1032:. The actual wedding lasts for two days. On the first day the bride leaves her house and on the second day is when the marriage happens. Before the bride enters her husband's house she uses the heel on her shoe to break two plates with her foot and applies honey on the doorway. This tradition serves the purpose of wishing happiness upon the new bride and groom in their marriage. At the end of the wedding, a dance ensues with the men and women dancing separately. Finally, the newlyweds have their last dance which is called the ‘
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725:
465:
235:
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195:
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115:
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885:". Hence, official censuses do not necessarily show a true reflection of the real population of the Meskhetian Turks; for example, according to the 2009 Azerbaijani census, there were 38,000 Turks living in the country; however, no distinction is made in the census between Meskhetian Turks and Turks from Turkey who have become Azerbaijani citizens, as both groups are classified in the official census as "Turks" or "Azerbaijani". According to the
9654:
215:
71:
91:
678:, ordered the deportation of over 115,000 Meskhetian Turks from their homeland, who were secretly driven from their homes and herded onto rail cars. As many as 30,000 to 50,000 deportees died of hunger, thirst and cold and as a direct result of the deportations and the deprivations suffered in exile. The Soviet guards dumped the Meskhetian Turks at rail sidings across a vast region, often without food, water, or shelter.
155:
1076:
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3503:С началом Великой Отечественной войны было мобилизовано практически всё взрослое мужское турецкое население (более 40 тыс. человек, 26 тыс. из них погибли), восемь человек стали Героями Советского Союза, трое – полными кавалерами орденов Славы. Тремя орденами Славы был награждён Минур Иса оглы Мамедов, который последний период жизни провёл в Кабардино-Балкарии, в городе Нарткале.
2460:
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697:, no reason was given for the deportation of the Meskhetian Turks, which remained secret until 1968. It was only in 1968 that the Soviet government finally recognised that the Meskhetian Turks had been deported. The reason for the deportation of the Meskhetian Turks was because in 1944 the Soviet Union was preparing to launch a pressure campaign against
2764:(Gülerek) Herkes etnik kökenine bakıyor. Vallahi ben çok safkan bir Türküm. Ahıska Türkleri derler bize Kars'ta. Ve, bizim sülalemizden birilerinin Ermeni çeteleri tarafından öldürülmüş olabileceği ihtimali de oldukça kuvvetli. Ama bu tür şeyler benim için hiç önemli değil. Ben sonuçta bir akademisyenim ve bilim adamı olarak konuyu araştırıyorum.
897:, have faced hostility from the local population. The Krasnodar Meskhetian Turks have suffered significant human rights violations, including the deprivation of their citizenship. They are deprived of civil, political and social rights and are prohibited from owning property and employment. Thus, since 2004, many Turks have left the
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they faced discrimination and human rights abuses before and after deportation. Approximately 115,000 Meskhetian Turks were deported to
Central Asia and subsequently only a few hundred have been able to return to Georgia as Georgia does not allow repatriation. Those who migrated to Ukraine in 1990 settled in
717:). As Moscow was also preparing to support Armenian claims to several other Anatolian provinces, war against Turkey seemed possible, and Joseph Stalin wanted to clear the strategic Georgian-Turkish border where the Meskhetian Turks were settled and who were likely to be hostile to such Soviet intentions.
3380:
Mediha Kayra was born in 1902 in
Trabzon and died 2003 in Kadıköy, Istanbul, when she was 101 years old. Her father was the merchant (tüccar) Ali Lütfi Dihkanzade (1869–1931). His family originated from Azerbaijan. Her mother, Kadriye Salihoğlu, originated from Akhaltsikhe (türk. Ahıska) in southwest
551:
The people of the city of Batumi and the autonomous region of Adjara (and the Borcka-Hopa side of Artvin and the
Meydancık valley of Şavşat) are Muslim Georgians, speaking the Adjara dialect. They were subject to Georgia until the 1810s and lived under direct or indirect Christian rule. The people of
3421:
Azerbaycan'ın önde gelen
Sporcularından, Judo dalında Olimpiyat Oyunları ve Dünya birincisi, ayrıca Sambo dalında Dünya ve Avrupa Şampiyonu, emektar Spor ustası, aslen Ahıska Türkü olan hamşehrimiz, Azerbaycan'ın emektar Anrenörü Mevlüd Miraliyev Göygöl Olimpiyat Kompleksinin Mudürü vazifesine tayın
3264:
At that time, Muharrem Ergin (1923-1995) was one of the leading
Turkish philologists and an expert in ancient Turkish literature. Ergin was the descendant of an emigrant family from the Ahiska region of Georgia and studied philology at Istanbul University under the exiled Azerbaijani professor Ahmet
3042:
Babanov'un annesinin Kırgız olmamasını zaman zaman siyasi malzeme olarak kullanıyor. Babanov da durumu "Rahmetli annem, İkinci Dünya Savaşı döneminde Gürcistan'ın Batum şehrinden Kırgızistan'a sürüldü. Uzun tren yolculuğu sırasında anne ve babasını kaybeden küçük kıza bir Kırgız ailesi sahip çıktı.
720:
Unlike the other deported Muslim groups, the
Meskhetians have not been rehabilitated nor permitted to return to their homeland. In April 1970, the leaders of the Turkish Meskhetian national movement applied to the Turkish Embassy in Moscow for permission to emigrate to Turkey as Turkish citizens if
431:
wanted to clear the strategic
Turkish population in Meskheti who were likely to be hostile to Soviet intentions. In 1944, the Meskhetian Turks were accused of smuggling, banditry and espionage in collaboration with their kin across the Turkish border. Expelled by Joseph Stalin from Georgia in 1944,
556:
Anthropologist
Kathryn Tomlinson has pointed out that in Soviet documents about the 1944 deportations of the Meskhetian Turks, the community were referred to simply as "Turks" because of their faith Islam, not only them but also every Muslim of Georgia was referred as Turks and that it was after
3235:
Bizim Ahıska'mızın okuyucularıyla paylaştığımız Ahıskalı kadın aydınımız Şefika Şeyhzade-Efendizade'dir. Övüncümüzün kaynağı, onun birkaç yönden ilk ve öncü olmasıdır. Azerbaycan ve genellikle Türk dünyası eğitim, kültür, edebiyat tarihinde önemli yer tutan Şefika Şeyhzade-Efendizade, ilk kadın
889:
report published in 1999, that 100,000 Meskhetian Turks lived in
Azerbaijan and the defunct Baku Institute of Peace and Democracy stated, in 2001, that between 90,000 and 110,000 Meskhetian Turks lived in Azerbaijan, similarly, academic estimates have also suggested that the Turkish Meskhetian
3296:
Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın talimatı, Başbakanlık koordinasyonuyla
Ukrayna'dan Türkiye'ye getirilerek Erzincan'ın Üzümlü ilçesine yerleştirilen Ahıska Türklerinden 16 yaşındaki Elvira, Slovenya'da 3-5 Kasım'da düzenlenen Yıldızlar Balkan Şampiyonası'nda kızlar 46 kiloda şampiyonluğa
3129:
Bunlar; Ömer Faik Nemanzade, Osman Server Atabek, Hafız Efendi, Şefika Hanım Efendi Zade, Prof. Cerrah Fuat Efendiyev, Adil Efendiyev, Ahmet Bey Pepinov, Enver Odabaşev (Odabaş), Yusuf Serverov, (Serveroğlu), Cevat Koçiyev, Saadat Gülahmedova ve saymakla sonu gelmeyen nice şahıslarımız
3562:
Fatih Osmanlı; 11 Eylül 1979 Almatı Kazakistan doğumlu aslen Ahıska Türkü'dür. 2017 yılında Vatanı Türkiye'ye yerleşip temel oyunculuk dersleri alıp hayal ettiği oyunculuk kariyerine başladı. Kuruluş dizisinde başarılı oyunculuk performansı ile dikkatleri çekmeyi
840:
and different parts of Ukraine. Over 300 Meskhetian Turks from the Turkish-speaking minority in eastern Ukraine have arrived in eastern Turkey's Erzincan province where they will live under the country's recently adopted asylum measures.
561:
that the term "Meskhetian Turks" was invented. According to Ronald Wixman, the term "Meskhetian" only came into use in the late 1950s. Indeed, the majority of the Meskhetian Turks call themselves simply as "Turks" or "Ahiskan Turks"
811:
militants and she was hit by an Armenian soldier who took her for one of the captives when she was helping a Meskhetian Turk woman falling behind the crowd with four children, one of which wounded, and the other one newly born.
3534:
Sovyetler Birliği'nce 14 Kasım 1944'de Gürcistan'ın Ahıska bölgesinden sürgün edilen Ahıska Türkü ailelerinden Emrah Ormanoğlu, Ukrayna'daki iç karışıklık dolayısıyla zor şartlarda başladığı güreşi, çok sevmesine rağmen devam
539:, but to some extent also the Georgian traditional culture and self-identification. Contrary to this, the traditional culture of Meskhetian Turks, though it contained some Georgian elements, was similar to the Turkish one.
1448:
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boiled over. Hundreds of Meskhetian Turks were killed or injured, nearly 1,000 properties were destroyed and thousands of Meskhetian Turks fled into exile. The majority of Meskhetian Turks, about 70,000, went to
2934:
Ailemiz Posof'a 1921 yılında gelmiş. Öyle anlaşılıyor ki, 16 Mart 1921 tarihinde imzalanan Moskova Antlaşması'yla Ahıska'nın ötede kalması kesinleşince, ailemiz Türkiye'ye göç etmiş ve Posof'a yerleşmiş.
2791:
Ahıska Türkü oyuncular Celal Al ve Ladibek Fatih Osmanlı, Kazakistan'dan gelen Ahıskalı Muhammed Mustafayev, Mevlüt Karimov ve DATÜB Gençlik Kolları Yönetim Kurulu Üyesi İskender Ziyaoğlu ile bir araya
2849:
Dünya Grekoromen Güreş Şampiyonası'nda 80 kiloda mücadele eden milli sporcu ahıska Türkü Aslan Atem, finalde Rus güreşçi Ramazan Abacharaev'e 3-1 yenilerek dünya 2'incisi olarak gümüş madalya kazandı.
2984:
Ahıska Türklerinin milli kahramanı Şehit İskender Aznaurov'un Moskova'da yaşayan 84 yaşındaki annesi Kamile Mustafayeva, Dünya Ahıska Türkleri Birliği'nin (DATÜB) girişimleri ile Türkiye'ye getirildi.
1512:
5087:
643:, and by 1582 the Ottomans were in possession of the eastern (Safavid) part of Meskheti. The Safavids regained control over the eastern part of Meskheti in the early 17th century. However, by the
4079:
Pepinov, Fuad (2008), "The Role of Political Caricature in the Cultural Development of the Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks", in Kellner-Heinkele, Barbara; Gierlichs, Joachim; Heuer, Brigitte (eds.),
3723:
1944'te Sovyetler Birliği döneminde Kazakistan'a sürgüne gönderilen Ahıska Türkleri'nden olan Tagir ailesinin kaderi, Ravil'in teyzesi Maygül Hanım'ın evlenip Bursa'ya yerleşmesiyle değişiyor.
3750:
Fırat Tanış, 5 Mayıs 1975 tarihinde İstanbul, Kadıköy'de doğmuştur. Tam adı Nuri Fırat Tanış'dır. Gürcistan; Ahıska kökenli ve annesi babası terzi olan Fırat Tanış ailenin en küçük çocuğudur.
909:. They are still barred from full repatriation to Georgia. Apart from that, in Georgia, racism against Meskheti Turks is still prevalent due to differences in beliefs and ethnic tensions.
3777:
esepsiyonda konuşan Topçu minnettarlıklarını belirterek "ben bir Ahıska Türk'ü ailenin çocuğuyum. Yıllar önce akrabalarımı bağırlarına bastıkları için Kazakistan halkına minnettarım.
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and pro-Russian separatists. Turkish Meskhetian community representative in the eastern city of Donetsk, Nebican Basatov, said that those who have fled have sought refuge in
531:
it is quite possible that the adherents of this view oversimplified the ethnic history of the group, particularly if one compares it with another Muslim Georgian group, the
1507:
1558:
807:
took photos of the town streets strewn with dead bodies of its inhabitants, including women and children. She described Meskhetian Turks from Khojaly who were captured by
667:
552:
Ahıska (and Şavşat-Yusufeli, Posof) have lived under Islamic rule for 450 years. They have long spoken Turkish, perhaps intertwined with other elements of Ottoman Islam.
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721:
the Soviet government persisted its refusal to allow them to resettle in Meskheti. However, the response of the Soviet government was to arrest the Meskhetian leaders.
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3948:
Elbaqidze, Marina (2005), "Multiculturalism in Georgia: Unclaimed Asset or Threat to the State?", in Czyzewski, Krzystof; Kulas, Joanna; Golubiewski, Mikolaj (eds.),
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However, when making this comparison, Michailovich ignores the period during which the Adjara and Mesheti regions were under Turkish rule. Turkish-Armenian writer
800:
in 1992. According to Thomas de Waal, Khojaly had been the focus of a large resettlement program by the Azerbaijan government in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
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showing they merit inclusion in this article AND are residents, or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate
869:, there were 207,502 Turks living in the Soviet Union. However, Soviet authorities recorded many Meskhetian Turks as belonging to other nationalities such as "
1477:
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7467:
3055:
1199:
4182:
Tomlinson, Kathryn (2005), "Living Yesterday in Today and Tomorrow: Meskhetian Turks in Southern Russia", in Crossley, James G.; Karner, Christian (eds.),
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3957:
Enwall, Joakim (2010), "Turkish texts in Georgian script: Sociolinguistic and ethno-linguistic aspects", in Boeschoten, Hendrik; Rentzsch, Julian (eds.),
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6499:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
2445:
Victoria Ivleva. The corpses of people killed during the Armenian attack in the streets of the settlement of Khojaly, Nagorno-Karabakh, February 1992.
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705:, who was then Minister of Foreign Affairs, presented a demand to the Turkish Ambassador in Moscow for the surrender of three Anatolia provinces (
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582:) may have been one of their possible ancestors. According to historians, it is less likely because part of the Kipchaks left Georgia during the
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Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks holding a banner which reads "Osmanlıların Torunları: Ahıskalı Türkler" (The Ottoman Grandchildren: Ahıska Turks)
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Kazakistan'ın Aktobe takımında top koşturan Özbekistan vatandaşı Ahıskalı Türkü Timur Kapadze, Haziran ayının en iyi futbolcusu seçildi.
3094:
Efendiyev, Adil (1907-1973). Azerbaijani poet, translator, and intellectual Efendiyev was born into a family of Ahiska Turkish teachers.
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405:
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Kurbanov, Rafik Osman-Ogly; Kurbanov, Erjan Rafik-Ogly (1995), "Religion and Politics in the Caucasus", in Bourdeaux, Michael (ed.),
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3602:
2822:
Canımdan çok sevdiğim, hiçbir zaman unutamadığım rahmetli babam Osman Server Atabek, 20 Ağustos 1886'da Ahıska'da dünyaya gelmiştir.
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explains the loss of the Georgian language by the Meskhetians, although the Adjarians preserved the Georgian language, as follows:
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Gasimov, Zaur (2019), ""The Turkish Wall": Turkey as an Anti-communist and Anti-Russian Bulwark in the Twentieth Century",
1700:
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Azerbaycan'ın önde gelen sporcularından Mevlüd Miraliyev, 27 Şubat 1974 Özbekistan doğumlu. Aslen Ahıska Türklerindendir.
2055:
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Documents: working papers, 2005 ordinary session (second part), 25–29 April 2005, Vol. 3: Documents 10407, 10449-10533
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Sürgün Öncesinde Ahıska Türkleri İçerisinde Eğitim Anlayışı: Şefika Şeyhzade-Efendizade ve Fürget Hocazade Örneğinde
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647:(1639), all of Meskheti fell under Ottoman control, and it brought an end to Iranian attempts to retake the region.
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Ceremony of the Ahiska Turks, is hold in a big way of Dance, Music, Guests, recitation of the Koran and a special
751:. Nationalist resentments against the Meskhetians who had competed with Uzbeks for resources in the overpopulated
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1959:
519:, theory of the Georgian historians is supported by the fact Meskhetian Turks genetically are closely related to
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570:) referring to the region, meaning "Turks of Ahiska Region". The Meskhetians claim sometimes that the medieval
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Central Asia on Display: Proceedings of the VIIth Conference of the European Society for Central Asian Studies
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3236:öğretmen, ilk kadın eğitimci-pedagog, ilk kadın gazeteci, ilk kadın yazar olmak gibi şeref payelerine sahiptir
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consist of a traditional proposal from the groom's parents and if the bride's parents accept the proposal, an
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Benim annem güzel mantı yapar. Ahıska Türklerinden bizim sülale. Bizim oraların mantısına hingel denir.
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The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War
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Sovyet Döneminden Günümüze Ahıska Türklerinin Yasadıkları Cografyaya Göçlerle Birlikte Genel Bir Bakıs
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Rampart Nations: Bulwark Myths of East European Multiconfessional Societies in the Age of Nationalism
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Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Harding, Çiğdem Balım; Hoover, Matthew; Kuznetsov, Igor; Swerdlow, Steve (2006),
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Islamic Art and Architecture in the European Periphery: Crimea, Caucasus, and the Volga-Ural Region
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Onlardan biri de Azerbaycan' Milli Kahramanı Ahıskalı Türk İskender Aznaurov'dur (Topçu İskender)
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Georgia. The families had emigrated to Trabzon following the wars with Russia in 1878 and 1828.
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Dogan, Hulya (2020). "Homeland-Making among Cultural and Ethnic Kin: Ahıska Turks in Turkey".
507:) converted to Islam in the period between the sixteenth century and 1829, when the region of
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After the USSR: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States
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Ben Kırgız ailesinde büyüdüm. Annem Ahıska Türkü'dür babam da Kırgız" sözleriyle açıklıyor.
2876:
milyarderi Kazak kökenli işadamı Tevfik Arif'in ailesi Ahıska Türklerinden. Tevfik Arif,...
1501:
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1329:, one of the first female journalists, educators, writers and philanthropists in Azerbaijan
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283:
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S. Enders Wimbush and Ronald Wixman, "The Meskhetian Turks: A New Voice in Central Asia,"
3144:"Ben bunu yemeeem" diyen kadın beni yorar- Kadın yemekten zevk almazsa suçluluk hissederim
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1259:, Kyrgyz billionaire and politician who served as Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011-2012)
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Daniloff, Caleb. “The Exile of the Meskheti Turks: Still Homesick Half a Century Later”.
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Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences
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Roman değilim, olsam gururla söylerdim. Annem Ahıska Türkleri'nden, babam ise Arnavut...
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Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture and Resettlement Experiences
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682:
344:
3366:
Women and the City, Women in the City: A Gendered Perspective on Ottoman Urban History
2749:
1523:
1162:
9741:
9244:
9238:
9218:
9174:
8985:
8704:
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3981:
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3934:
3915:
3896:
3835:
3369:
3253:
3083:
2948:
Kassanov'dan Ahıskalı Türklerin Milli Kahramanı İskender Aznaurov'un Annesine Ziyaret
2894:
2429:
2409:
2002:
1978:
1956:
Documents of the Helsinki Monitoring Groups in the U.S.S.R. and Lithuania (1976–1986)
1864:"The Effects of Language Characters and Identity of Meskhetian Turkish in Kazakhstan"
1571:
1489:
1337:
1279:
1243:
967:
536:
477:
453:
397:
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299:
76:
2403:
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5119:
4992:
4741:
4736:
4724:
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4709:
4699:
4694:
4638:
4616:
4596:
4581:
4496:
4456:
4418:
4269:
1483:
1350:
1221:, Kazakh-Turkish billionaire, real estate developer and investor residing in the US
979:
962:. The Turkish Meskhetian dialect has also borrowed from other languages (including
947:
738:
563:
524:
485:
368:
291:
3893:
Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus
2574:
724:
9704:
9677:
9604:
9553:
9528:
9448:
9404:
9352:
9278:
8886:
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4686:
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4501:
4481:
4451:
4288:
3518:Çiftçilik yaparken keşfedilen Ahıskalı Emrah'ın milli takıma uzanan başarı öyküsü
3057:
FATMA GİRİK VE TÜRKAN ŞORAY'I SİNEMAMIZA KAZANDIRAN AHISKA KÖKENLİ Erdoğan Çakıcı
2464:
2453:
2401:
2021:
1495:
1064:
975:
971:
858:
804:
644:
636:
624:
616:
480:
historiography has traditionally argued that the Meskhetian Turks, who speak the
412:
tribes had settled in the region as early as the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
307:
260:
8529:
6510:
4213:
4202:
2480:
9672:
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5753:
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5616:
5581:
5556:
5541:
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5299:
5264:
5256:
4951:
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4925:
4852:
4776:
4746:
4659:
4633:
4628:
4591:
4410:
4396:
4383:
3688:
3522:
3284:
3029:
2043:
987:
983:
905:
as refugees. A large number of them, comprising nearly 1300 individuals, is in
898:
793:
761:
752:
628:
516:
473:
464:
409:
389:
7445:
6269:
5667:
4099:
Against Their will: The History and Geography of Forced Migrations in the USSR
3929:
Drobizheva, Leokadia; Gottemoeller, Rose; Kelleher, Catherine McArdle (1998),
3735:
3362:"The Urban Experience in Women's Memoirs: Mediha Kayra's World War I Notebook"
2657:
2059:
1176:
9835:
9543:
9494:
9380:
9341:
9336:
9292:
9181:
9116:
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6428:
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6076:
5968:
5961:
5908:
5796:
5786:
5561:
5381:
4791:
4552:
3025:
Kırgızistan'da cumhurbaşkanlığı seçim yarışında iki eski başbakan öne çıkıyor
1456:
1428:
1235:
1079:
951:
902:
878:
732:
675:
497:
428:
240:
4352:
3859:
1765:
9594:
9331:
8917:
8840:
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8591:
8581:
8462:
8406:
8310:
8297:
8232:
8144:
8139:
8125:
7974:
7713:
7683:
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7529:
7300:
7125:
7033:
6974:
6783:
6758:
6748:
6733:
6728:
6710:
6593:
6476:
6343:
6328:
6142:
6081:
6051:
6015:
5975:
5839:
5711:
5688:
5456:
5392:
5279:
5062:
4464:
991:
934:
Most Meskhetian Turks are Sunni Muslims and a minority are Shiite Muslims.
906:
820:
Around 2,000 Meskhetian Turks have been forced to flee from their homes in
797:
785:
694:
424:
7897:
6588:
1480:, Russian architect and owner of the KavkazStroyGrupp construction company
9584:
9574:
9513:
9430:
9252:
9148:
9006:
8847:
8763:
8676:
8616:
8601:
8496:
8239:
8149:
8041:
7946:
7837:
7815:
7765:
7603:
7512:
7327:
7292:
7130:
7028:
7023:
6924:
6852:
6801:
6791:
6670:
6634:
6613:
6480:
6363:
6358:
6302:
5806:
5722:
5649:
5518:
5499:
5322:
5197:
5007:
4621:
4332:
3581:
1755:
1634:
1583:
1313:
1218:
854:
743:
In 1989, riots broke out between the Meskhetian Turks who had settled in
500:
493:
433:
336:
320:
20:
3577:
Boxing becomes a bridge between Ahiska Turks, Americans in Ohio's Dayton
3179:
2907:
Tevfik Arif Bey Ahıska Türkü. Doğma büyüme Kazakistanlı. ABD'de yaşıyor.
1002:
535:, who in spite of their conversion to Islam have retained, not only the
9453:
9386:
9360:
9346:
9141:
9039:
8980:
8650:
8606:
8426:
8416:
8131:
8077:
7877:
7808:
7788:
7760:
7690:
7673:
7613:
7576:
7310:
7208:
7097:
7040:
6959:
6949:
6912:
6773:
6743:
6629:
6608:
6603:
6163:
5410:
4557:
4273:
3608:
3488:
2279:. "Central Asia and Caucasus" (Lulea, Sweden), 1999 # 1(2), p. 162-165.
2123:"Clashes force 2,000 Meskhetian Turks to flee Ukraine - World Bulletin"
1212:
1090:
1015:
833:
789:
769:
765:
757:
744:
690:
686:
558:
324:
200:
180:
140:
120:
6348:
5492:
3310:
9589:
9419:
9394:
9273:
9127:
8990:
8955:
8639:
8524:
8478:
8330:
8226:
8218:
8092:
8087:
7987:
7959:
7752:
7315:
7272:
7120:
7018:
6990:
6964:
6620:
6578:
6573:
6378:
6368:
6315:
6282:
6168:
5954:
5916:
5897:
5877:
5852:
5758:
5292:
3114:
2722:
2688:. Washington, DC: the Center for Applied Linguistics. pp. 18–19.
2503:"Turkey welcomes Meskhetian Turks from east Ukraine - World Bulletin"
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
894:
808:
760:, whilst the remainder went to various regions of Russia (especially
693:. As opposed to the other nationalities who had been deported during
520:
504:
3873:
Ahiska/Meskhetian Turks in Tucson: An Examination of Ethnic Identity
893:
More recently, some Meskhetian Turks in Russia, especially those in
9599:
9414:
9223:
9029:
8909:
8902:
8634:
8586:
8568:
8539:
8441:
8411:
8253:
8247:
8191:
8047:
8017:
8007:
7980:
7966:
7952:
7259:
7213:
7203:
6969:
6954:
6944:
6939:
6796:
6544:
6488:
6333:
6277:
6263:
6248:
6223:
6213:
6183:
5872:
5859:
5845:
5426:
3931:
Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World: Case Studies and Analysis
3148:
1639:
1182:
796:
in Nagorno Karabakh before being subsequently massacred along with
620:
575:
512:
472:
Most Meskhetian Turks identify themselves as having descended from
444:
Out of the tested DNA samples of Meskhetian Turks, the most common
393:
103:
47:
2919:
2371:
2089:
986:) which the Meskhetian Turks have been in contact with during the
9569:
9548:
9468:
9409:
9365:
8891:
8866:
8860:
8735:
8717:
8712:
8544:
8436:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8305:
8197:
8110:
8082:
8012:
8002:
7994:
7544:
7406:
7267:
7159:
6929:
6907:
6872:
6868:
6753:
6423:
6373:
6323:
6297:
6292:
6253:
6243:
6198:
6193:
6178:
6095:
6041:
6004:
5999:
5892:
5882:
5867:
5716:
5485:
5439:
5350:
5225:
5088:
Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations
4414:
3807:
Barton, Frederick D.; Heffernan, John; Armstrong, Andrea (2002),
1466:
1011:
955:
874:
821:
773:
710:
587:
527:
has argued against the pro-Georgian narrative and has said that:
220:
4022:
The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia
2806:
Zeynep Atabekoğlu ile Babası Osman Server Atabek Üzerine Konuşma
1075:
1071:, Billionaire and former Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011-12).
655:
415:
Today, the Meskhetian Turks are widely dispersed throughout the
9653:
9523:
9424:
9399:
9059:
9054:
8896:
8881:
8562:
8431:
8421:
8381:
8352:
8315:
8291:
8283:
8204:
8120:
8097:
8054:
7524:
7305:
7282:
7277:
6398:
6388:
6338:
6287:
6238:
6228:
6208:
6188:
6173:
6087:
6023:
6009:
5941:
5926:
5921:
5902:
5730:
5644:
5178:
Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
4204:
Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Azerbaijan
3997:"People with Nowhere To Go: The Plight of the Meskhetian Turks"
3764:
Kazakistan Cumhurbaşkanı Nazarbayev'den Yalçın Topçu'ya Madalya
3668:
Ahiska Turks Historical, social and cultural life in Azerbaijan
2527:
The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
2402:
Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (Organization : U.S.) (1994).
1943:
An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires
1625:
Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
1053:
959:
882:
837:
829:
748:
714:
698:
571:
532:
489:
427:
was preparing to launch a pressure campaign against Turkey and
401:
160:
96:
3928:
3792:
2644:
2083:
1927:
1912:
1838:
1680:
1674:
9195:
9155:
9083:
9075:
8745:
8658:
8644:
8576:
8534:
8447:
8023:
7770:
7135:
7063:
6806:
6641:
6583:
6496:
6393:
6353:
6258:
6218:
5936:
5931:
5763:
5478:
2405:
Azerbaijan : Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh
1756:
Assembly of Turkish American Associations (5 February 2008).
1370:
1153:
The following is list of people of Turkish Meshetian origin:
1033:
4215:
Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Georgia
3395:
ABUBEKİR KURŞUMOV Avrupa'nın En Büyük Cami'sini İnşa Ediyor.
523:
However, the Russian anthropologist and historian Professor
9579:
7374:
6917:
6624:
6492:
6484:
4293:
The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities
3280:
Ahıskalı Elvira'dan ay-yıldızlı mayoyla Balkan şampiyonluğu
2778:
DATÜB Gençlik Kolları, Ahıskalı oyuncularla bir araya geldi
2282:
706:
671:
481:
3684:
Dünyanın ilk ve tek Ahıska tiyatro ekibi 20 yıldır sahnede
2571:"Minorities in the South Caucasus: Factor of Instability?"
733:
1989 deportation from Uzbekistan to other Soviet countries
685:, 106,000 Meskhetian Turks lived in Uzbekistan, 50,000 in
102:
100,000–1,500,000 (latter including 19th and 20th century
4115:
3806:
3710:
Altınordu'nun genç yıldızı Avrupa devlerini peşine taktı
3663:
Ahıska Türkləri Azərbaycanda tarixi sosial medeni heyati
3604:
Buğra Öner ve Altuğ Öner'e silahlı saldırı düzenlenen an
2595:
2408:. Internet Archive. New York : Human Rights Watch.
2349:
2347:
2179:
2177:
3454:
Ahıska'lı Bahram Muzaffer 1.Avrupa Oyunları'nda 2.Turda
2568:
1923:
1921:
1908:
1906:
1904:
3621:
Anne tarafı selanik muhaciri, Babası Ahıska Türk'üdür.
2311:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2245:
2079:
2077:
1999:
State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1651:
3858:, European Centre for Minority Issues, archived from
2344:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2277:
The Akhiska (Meskhetian Turks): Twice Deported People
2174:
1975:
Beyond Totalitarianism: Stalinism and Nazism Compared
1670:
1668:
1666:
4116:
Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele; Katschnig, Julia (2005),
3312:
Ahıskalı Türkü Kazakistan'da En İyi Futbolcu Seçildi
2638:
2552:
2550:
2117:
2115:
2113:
1918:
1901:
1532:, Kazakh-born actor in the Turkish historical drama
784:
Meskhetian Turk refugees who had been persecuted in
602:
The area of distribution of Meskhetian Turks within
419:(as well as in Turkey and the United States) due to
3339:
Handan Musaoğlu Kasa ile medya ve spikerlik üzerine
2359:
2294:
2257:
2171:
Helmut Glück: Metzler Lexikon Sprache, 2005, p. 774
2074:
1823:
1758:"ATAA and ATA-SC Visit Ahiska Turks in Los Angeles"
890:community of Azerbaijan numbers 90,000 to 110,000.
4019:
2323:
1718:
1663:
404:. The Turkish presence in Meskheti began with the
6540:
5016:Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction
4331:Emma Kh. Panesh and L. B. Ermolov (Translated by
4310:27, Nos. 2 and 3 (Summer and Fall, 1975): 320-340
4225:The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook
3909:
2547:
2383:
2110:
1698:
1431:, Russian judoka; medalists in the 2018 and 2019
251:
9833:
4163:, Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, archived from
4017:
3490:Культурный центр турок-месхетинцев «Ватан Ёлунда
2197:"FamilyTreeDNA - Ahiska DNA Project (Meskhetia)"
2148:"FamilyTreeDNA - Ahiska DNA Project (Meskhetia)"
1972:
631:gaining the western part. In 1578, the Ottomans
7475:
4218:, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
4207:, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
3829:
2377:
2104:
1727:"Return of Meskhetian Turks to Georgia delayed"
1128:by removing names that do not have independent
231:
3818:, Commission on Human Security, archived from
2659:Sürgünün 75. Yılında Ahıska Türkleri Belgeseli
1701:"Historic Meskhetian Turk documents destroyed"
380:
9636:
7913:
7729:
7461:
6526:
5241:
4382:
4368:
3852:Finding Durable Solutions for the Meskhetians
3308:
3112:
2971:Şehit Aznaurov'un annesi Türkiye'ye getirildi
887:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
656:1944 deportation from Georgia to Central Asia
7743:
3980:. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers.
3830:Bennigsen, Alexandre; Broxup, Marie (1983),
3802:, Cultural Orientation Resource (COR) Center
2698:
1973:Geyer, Michael; Fitzpatrick, Sheila (2009),
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
191:
171:
131:
111:
7927:
4153:
4040:
2737:O an çok gururlandım Ahıskalı olduğum için.
2288:
1977:, Cambridge University Press, p. 222,
1887:Bursa'da Ahıskalıların vatandaşlık kuyruğu!
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1686:
1580:, Uzbek actor, copywriter and film director
1526:, Ukrainian-born Turkish freestyle wrestler
452:, in the second place is the Y-chromosomal
9643:
9629:
7920:
7906:
7736:
7722:
7468:
7454:
6533:
6519:
5248:
5234:
4375:
4361:
4062:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: L-R
3950:A Handbook of Dialogue: Trust and Identity
2621:"Meskhetian Turks - Minority Rights Group"
1803:
1692:
1026:is given a ceremonial sweet drink, called
5048:1956–1989 Assimilation of Bulgarian Turks
5043:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)
4181:
3947:
3848:
3486:
2317:
2251:
1780:
211:
67:
57:(excludes pre-1944 descendants in Turkey)
5033:1944 Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks
4045:(2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
3994:
3659:
3474:
3223:
3082:, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 86,
2229:. nisanyan1.blogspot.com. Archived from
2220:
2183:
1844:
1724:
1657:
1440:, Ukrainian-born Turkish female wrestler
1089:
1074:
1063:
1001:
916:
848:
723:
597:
463:
343:
151:
87:
4255:, Vol. 5:1 (Spring 1997), pp. 12-16, 88
4078:
4059:
3995:Khazanov, Anatoly Michailovich (1995),
3890:
3879:, University of Arizona, archived from
3552:, Güneydoğu Güncel Haber Gazetesi, 2020
3514:
3247:
3203:
3077:
2836:Ahıska Türkü: Aslan Atem dünya ikincisi
2353:
1006:Meskhetian bride in traditional attire.
9834:
5140:National Socialist Underground murders
5083:Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre
4222:
4211:
4200:
4184:Writing History, Constructing Religion
4134:
4096:
3956:
3869:
3832:The Islamic threat to the Soviet State
3680:
3359:
2683:
2607:
2596:Barton, Heffernan & Armstrong 2002
2562:
2556:
2520:
2477:"Дочь войны - Общество - Новая Газета"
2389:
2365:
2338:
2263:
1806:"Ahıska Türklerinin 70 yıllık sürgünü"
815:
423:during World War II. At the time, the
9624:
7901:
7717:
7449:
6514:
5229:
4356:
4259:
4154:Seferov, Rehman; Akış, Ayhan (2011),
4101:, Central European University Press,
3975:
3648:Ah benim öz be öz Ahıska Türkü annem.
3276:
3175:Roman değilim olsam gururla söylerdim
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
2666:from the original on 12 December 2021
2305:
1996:
1938:
1936:
1861:
1586:, Kazakh-born Turkish football player
1574:, Azerbaijani Minister of Agriculture
1082:, football player and manager of the
824:since May 2014 amid fighting between
5021:Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)
4262:Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism
3433:
2701:"Ahıskalı Türklerde Sünnet Geleneği"
1474:, Ottoman-Turkish writer and teacher
1100:
921:The former Ahmediye Mosque near the
459:
62:Regions with significant populations
3080:Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan
2023:Turkish Ahiskan American Foundation
1749:
779:
728:Meskhetian Turk woman and her child
662:Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks
610:
406:Ottoman military expedition of 1578
348:Meskhetian Turks in Karabük, Turkey
13:
9892:Muslim communities of the Caucasus
9877:Turkish communities outside Turkey
5255:
4243:
3099:
2428:The Black Garden, Thomas de Waal,
1933:
1342:, Turkish linguist and Turkologist
1036:’ and that completes the wedding.
950:, which hails from the regions of
925:was built by the Ottomans in 1749.
14:
9903:
4348:
4003:, University of Wisconsin Press,
2751:Taner Akçam'la "soykırım" üzerine
2479:. 9 February 2013. Archived from
1284:, Turkish painter and museologist
1114:This article's list of residents
1084:Uzbekistan national football team
1059:
627:keeping the eastern part and the
436:, inhabited by seasonal workers.
53:current deportee population only:
9652:
6989:
6491:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
5210:Turks in the former Soviet Union
4343:. Accessed on September 1, 2007.
4320:(New York: W. W. Norton, 1978) (
4043:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
2998:Ahıskalı Türkler Savaşa Hazırdır
2227:Sevan Nişanyan / En son yazıları
1725:Kanbolat, Hasan (7 April 2009).
1699:Today's Zaman (15 August 2011).
1630:Turks in the former Soviet Union
1598:, Turkish politician and former
1316:, Turkish filmmaker and comedian
1105:
641:Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590
253:
233:
213:
193:
173:
153:
133:
113:
89:
69:
7425:Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan
4041:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015).
3978:Safavid Government Institutions
3785:
3755:
3728:
3701:
3674:
3653:
3626:
3595:
3568:
3540:
3508:
3480:
3468:
3445:
3427:
3409:
3386:
3368:, Berghahn Books, p. 154,
3353:
3330:
3302:
3270:
3241:
3217:
3197:
3166:
3135:
3071:
3048:
3016:
2989:
2962:
2951:, Dünya Ahıska Türkleri Birliği
2939:
2912:
2881:
2854:
2827:
2797:
2769:
2742:
2715:
2692:
2677:
2650:
2613:
2601:
2589:
2495:
2469:
2439:
2422:
2395:
2269:
2214:
2189:
2165:
2140:
2048:
2037:
2014:
1990:
1966:
1960:U.S. Government Printing Office
1948:
1878:
1600:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
1486:, Uzbek-born Azerbaijani judoka
1039:
844:
788:were forcibly relocated to the
623:was divided into two, with the
392:people formerly inhabiting the
42:1944 deportee population only:
9816:Cities and towns by population
8068:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
4961:Diaspora in Post-Soviet States
4064:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
3809:"Being Recognised as Citizens"
3493:, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Pravda
2863:Gözaltındaki milyarder işadamı
1517:, Russian war hero during the
942:The Meskhetian Turks speak an
666:On 15 November 1944, the then
650:
637:Safavid possessions in Georgia
557:their second deportation from
1:
5108:Assassination of Galip Balkar
5098:Assassination of Orhan Gündüz
3309:Meşedihasanlı, Ramiz (2013),
3113:Meşedihasanlı, Ramiz (2010),
2890:Ne şanslı adam diyorlar ya...
2781:, DATÜB Gençlik Kolları, 2020
2569:NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
2529:"Population by ethnic groups"
1412:, Azerbaijani literary critic
1355:, Azerbaijani military doctor
1310:, Azerbaijani literary critic
525:Anatoly Michailovich Khazanov
503:(an ethnographic subgroup of
9867:Muslim communities of Russia
9821:Provinces by life expectancy
7889:Ethnic minorities in Georgia
7430:Ethnic minorities in Georgia
7420:Ethnic minorities in Armenia
5103:Assassination of Erkut Akbay
4841:Diaspora in the Persian Gulf
4083:, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,
3961:, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,
3233:, Bizim Ahıska, p. 13,
2684:Ranard, Donald, ed. (2006).
1868:The Journal of Kesit Academy
1549:, Turkish professional boxer
1543:, Turkish professional boxer
515:) was under the rule of the
7:
9857:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
7477:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
7435:Ethnic minorities in Russia
5093:Assassination of Taha Carım
4295:(London: Macmillan, 1970) (
3891:Cornell, Svante E. (2001),
3549:Fatih AHISKALI ile Röportaj
3436:Ahıskalı Türklerinin Gururu
3224:Memmedli, Şureddin (2012),
2724:Fatih AHISKALI ile Röportaj
2378:Bennigsen & Broxup 1983
2105:Bennigsen & Broxup 1983
2056:"ahiskalilar.org (turkish)"
1618:
1248:National Hero of Azerbaijan
1116:may not follow Knowledge's
1046:Religious male circumcision
1022:, is done. Everyone at the
937:
929:
439:
388:) are a subgroup of ethnic
10:
9908:
9882:Islam in Georgia (country)
7705:Demographics of Azerbaijan
5157:Banya Bashi Mosque clashes
5135:1993 Solingen arson attack
4341:World Culture Encyclopedia
3910:Council of Europe (2006),
3849:Blacklock, Denika (2005),
3360:Herzog, Christoph (2014),
3227:ŞEFİKA ŞEYHZADE-EFENDİZADE
1320:Şefika Şeyhzade-Efendizade
1252:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
997:
912:
736:
659:
593:
18:
9842:Meskhetian Turkish people
9803:
9755:
9665:
9562:
9487:
8973:
8946:
8726:
8625:
8553:
8515:
8372:
8361:
7935:
7886:
7779:
7751:
7699:
7483:
7415:
7350:
7291:
7258:
7249:
7229:
7172:
7111:
7088:
7079:
7049:
7009:
6998:
6987:
6896:
6861:
6822:
6782:
6719:
6661:
6650:
6564:
6551:
6473:
6437:
6411:
6156:
6114:
6060:
6032:
5830:
5772:
5739:
5658:
5635:
5592:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
5465:
5419:
5374:
5343:
5272:
5263:
5170:
5130:1991 Altun Kupri massacre
5006:
4960:
4939:
4913:
4888:Diaspora in South America
4887:
4866:
4840:
4808:Diaspora in North America
4807:
4684:
4672:
4647:
4607:
4543:
4510:
4434:
4405:
4393:
3816:www.humansecurity-chs.org
3487:Bogacheva, Irina (2018),
3204:Agezova, Sevilya (2019),
1997:Hille, Charlotte (2010),
1265:, Ottoman soldier in the
853:Ahiska Turks outside the
381:
335:
330:
318:
313:
275:
270:
250:
230:
210:
190:
170:
150:
130:
110:
86:
66:
61:
41:
36:
9747:Demographics of Istanbul
7745:Ethnic groups in Georgia
6460:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
6128:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
5115:1983 Orly Airport attack
4423:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
4308:Canadian Slavonic Papers
4253:Azerbaijan International
4135:Rywkin, Michael (1994),
3834:, Taylor & Francis,
3660:Piriyeva, Sevil (2005),
3635:Başörtülü annenin evlâdı
3419:, Ahıskanın Sesi, 2018,
2221:Nişanyan, Sevan (2018).
1645:
1614:, Uzbek-Russian educator
1504:, Azerbaijani journalist
1492:, Kazakh football player
1433:World Judo Championships
446:Y-chromosomal haplogroup
400:, along the border with
19:Not to be confused with
16:Ethnic subgroup of Turks
9862:Ethnic groups in Russia
9852:Peoples of the Caucasus
9811:Provinces by population
7929:Ethnic groups in Russia
5617:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
5273:Azerbaijani communities
5193:Turks in the Arab world
5058:Bloody Christmas (1963)
5028:Kirkuk Massacre of 1924
4223:Wixman, Ronald (1984),
4060:Minahan, James (2002),
3515:Özdemir, Kemal (2022),
2974:, Ekovitrin Haber, 2020
2705:Folklor Akademi Dergisi
1687:Seferov & Akış 2011
1465:, Turkish presenter on
1459:, Uzbek football player
1399:, Azerbaijani scientist
1386:, Azerbaijani scientist
1097:, writer in Azerbaijan.
9872:Turkic peoples of Asia
9659:Demographics of Turkey
6450:Crimean Tatar diaspora
5627:Western Thracian Turks
5562:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
5162:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
5145:Murder of Enver Şimşek
4914:Diaspora in South Asia
4447:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4186:, Ashgate Publishing,
4120:, LIT Verlag Münster,
4097:Polian, Pavel (2004),
3976:Floor, Willem (2001).
3681:Aliyev, Nezir (2018),
3670:], Elm, p. 60
3078:Gasimov, Zaur (2017),
3001:, Ahıska Gençlik, 2020
2001:, Brill, p. 241,
1862:Karcı, Durmuş (2018),
1508:Mamedov Minur İsa Oğlu
1453:, Uzbek football coach
1377:Abdurrahman Gulahmadov
1098:
1087:
1072:
1007:
926:
862:
792:where they settled in
729:
639:, which initiated the
607:
586:, while others joined
567:
554:
541:
469:
372:
355:, also referred to as
349:
6157:Extinct Turkic groups
6115:Turkic minorities in
6062:Turkic minorities in
6033:Turkic minorities in
5831:Turkic minorities in
5309:Georgian Azerbaijanis
5120:1989 Fergana massacre
5068:Afrikaanderwijk riots
4940:Diaspora in East Asia
3914:, Council of Europe,
3870:Coşkun, Ufuk (2009),
3434:Arif, Bayram (2020),
3277:Bakar, Yakup (2017),
2921:Fuat Azgur'la Mülakat
2754:, Bizim Anadolu, 2010
2699:Erol Sakallı (2020).
2625:Minority Rights Group
2463:24 March 2012 at the
2452:24 March 2012 at the
2201:www.familytreedna.com
2152:www.familytreedna.com
1890:, Bursada Bugün, 2018
1559:Silahdar İbrahim Paşa
1093:
1078:
1067:
1005:
920:
852:
727:
660:Further information:
601:
549:
529:
467:
347:
331:Related ethnic groups
44:est. 400,000 in 1990
9488:Unrecognized peoples
8974:Other ethnic peoples
8261:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
6542:Ethnic groups in the
6475:Central Asian (i.e.
6445:Azerbaijani diaspora
5782:Iranian Azerbaijanis
5420:Turkmen communities
5316:Western Azerbaijanis
5286:Iranian Azerbaijanis
5205:Turks in the Balkans
5152:2004 Cologne bombing
5125:1990 Komotini events
5053:1959 Kirkuk massacre
4858:United Arab Emirates
4394:Traditional areas of
4170:on 27 September 2013
4137:Moscow's Lost Empire
3713:, Milli Gazete, 2020
3457:, Ajans Ahiska, 2015
3342:, Ajans Ahiska, 2018
3060:, Ajans Ahiska, 2015
2924:, Bizim Ahıska, 2011
2839:, Ajans Ahıska, 2016
2812:, Bizim Ahıska, 2011
2727:, Ahiska Press, 2010
2662:, 10 December 2019,
2645:Aydıngün et al. 2006
2084:Aydıngün et al. 2006
1928:Aydıngün et al. 2006
1913:Aydıngün et al. 2006
1839:Aydıngün et al. 2006
1675:Aydıngün et al. 2006
1555:, Turkish journalist
1463:Handan Musaoğlu Kasa
1227:, Kazakh businessman
1209:, Turkish politician
1167:, Azerbaijani artist
1126:improve this article
1095:Omar Faig Nemanzadeh
9563:Assimilated peoples
8156:Meadow-Eastern Mari
5466:Turkish communities
5332:Javanshir Qizilbash
4867:Diaspora in Oceania
4608:Turkish minorities
4544:Turkish minorities
4511:Turkish minorities
4435:Turkish minorities
4406:Turkish majorities:
3737:Fırat Tanış Kimdir?
2535:on 30 November 2012
2026:, Charity Navigator
1804:Al Jazeera (2014).
1768:on 12 December 2010
1568:, Ottoman statesman
1519:Great Patriotic War
1502:Ömer Faik Nemanzade
1425:, lawyer and mystic
1416:Ahıskalı Ali Haydar
1200:Osman Server Atabek
1185:, Turkish actor in
1179:, Turkish historian
816:Russo-Ukrainian War
803:Russian journalist
584:invasion of Mongols
580:Kipchaks in Georgia
421:forced deportations
417:former Soviet Union
357:Turkish Meskhetians
46:(excludes pre-1944
33:
9610:Siberian Bukharans
8746:Aukhovite Chechens
8698:Siberian Bukharans
8024:Aukhovite Chechens
7143:Trialeti Ossetians
5990:Siberian Bukharans
5792:Chaharmahali Turks
5773:Turkic minorities
5740:Turkic minorities
5659:Turkic minorities
5375:Kyrgyz communities
5344:Kazakh communities
5183:Turkish population
5038:Gavurbağı massacre
4673:Diaspora in Africa
4274:10.1111/sena.12318
3959:Turcology in Mainz
3886:on 11 January 2012
3398:, Haber Pars, 2020
3252:, Berghahn Books,
2483:on 9 February 2013
2233:on 7 December 2023
1962:, 1986, p. 97
1737:on 25 January 2011
1605:Malik Mukhlis Ugli
1268:Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa
1250:who fought in the
1215:, Turkish wrestler
1173:, Turkish musician
1099:
1088:
1073:
1010:Meskhetian Turks'
1008:
927:
923:Akhaltsikhe Castle
867:1989 Soviet Census
863:
730:
703:Vyacheslav Molotov
683:1989 Soviet Census
608:
509:Samtskhe–Javakheti
488:and belong to the
470:
386:Meskhetis turk'ebi
350:
278:Meskhetian Turkish
31:
9829:
9828:
9618:
9617:
9247:
9245:Astrakhan Kazakhs
8969:
8968:
8705:Zabolotnie Tatars
8184:Northwestern Mari
7895:
7894:
7781:Ethnic minorities
7711:
7710:
7443:
7442:
7346:
7345:
7245:
7244:
7168:
7167:
6985:
6984:
6892:
6891:
6508:
6507:
6407:
6406:
6318:
6311:
6272:
6148:Tatars of Romania
6121:
6090:
6047:Mongolian Kazakhs
6018:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5725:
5691:
5602:Palestinian Turks
5597:Montenegrin Turks
5521:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5451:
5442:
5435:
5395:
5366:Mongolian Kazakhs
5334:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5223:
5222:
4668:
4667:
4314:Alexander Nekrich
4090:978-3-447-05753-0
3968:978-3-447-06113-1
2415:978-1-56432-142-8
2223:"Ahıska Türkleri"
1578:Mikail Suleymanov
1572:Ahmad bey Pepinov
1490:Mukhtar Mukhtarov
1478:Abubekir Kurşumov
1390:Khalis Gulahmadov
1244:Isgender Aznaurov
1188:Diriliş: Ertuğrul
1151:
1150:
944:Eastern Anatolian
865:According to the
826:government forces
681:According to the
668:General Secretary
537:Georgian language
460:Origins and terms
342:
341:
9899:
9847:Turkish diaspora
9757:Census in Turkey
9693:Turkish language
9657:
9656:
9645:
9638:
9631:
9622:
9621:
9534:Crimean Italians
9503:
9433:
9389:
9355:
9322:Meskhetian Turks
9306:
9287:
9268:
9266:Sakhalin Koreans
9261:
9243:
9198:
9184:
9177:
9158:
9151:
9144:
9137:
9130:
9106:
9099:
9092:
9078:
9050:Crimean Karaites
9009:
8912:
8905:
8876:
8869:
8850:
8843:
8836:
8829:
8822:
8815:
8808:
8801:
8794:
8787:
8780:
8773:
8766:
8759:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8679:
8672:
8653:
8571:
8481:
8457:
8450:
8370:
8369:
8347:
8340:
8333:
8326:
8324:Astrakhan Tatars
8319:
8300:
8286:
8277:
8270:
8263:
8256:
8242:
8235:
8221:
8207:
8200:
8186:
8179:
8178:
8165:
8164:
8134:
8113:
8106:
8057:
8050:
8026:
7997:
7990:
7983:
7969:
7962:
7955:
7922:
7915:
7908:
7899:
7898:
7738:
7731:
7724:
7715:
7714:
7599:Meskhetian Turks
7470:
7463:
7456:
7447:
7446:
7390:Azerbaijani Jews
7338:Meskhetian Turks
7256:
7255:
7086:
7085:
7007:
7006:
6993:
6659:
6658:
6562:
6561:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6512:
6511:
6455:Turkish diaspora
6314:
6307:
6268:
6119:
6101:Karategin Uzbeks
6086:
6014:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5948:Astrakhan Tatars
5946:
5911:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5817:Iranian Turkmens
5749:Crimean Karaites
5721:
5687:
5587:Macedonian Turks
5552:Dodecanese Turks
5517:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5449:Iranian Turkmens
5447:
5438:
5431:
5391:
5330:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5270:
5269:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5227:
5226:
5215:Turkish diaspora
4610:in North Africa:
4597:Turkmen Mountain
4513:in the Caucasus:
4403:
4402:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4285:
4237:
4219:
4208:
4196:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4169:
4162:
4149:
4130:
4111:
4093:
4074:
4056:
4036:
4025:
4013:
3991:
3971:
3952:
3943:
3924:
3905:
3887:
3885:
3878:
3866:
3864:
3857:
3844:
3826:
3824:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3772:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3232:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3110:
3097:
3096:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3006:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2979:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2573:. Archived from
2566:
2560:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2531:. Archived from
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2443:
2437:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2342:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2292:
2289:Mikaberidze 2015
2286:
2280:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2119:
2108:
2102:
2087:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2058:. Archived from
2052:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1859:
1842:
1836:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1764:. Archived from
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1733:. Archived from
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1661:
1655:
1613:
1567:
1516:
1484:Movlud Miraliyev
1452:
1438:Elvira Kamaloğlu
1424:
1411:
1398:
1385:
1367:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1309:
1296:
1283:
1239:
1208:
1166:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1130:reliable sources
1109:
1108:
1101:
899:Krasnodar region
780:Khojaly Massacre
739:Fergana massacre
689:, and 21,000 in
611:Ottoman conquest
486:Turkish language
384:
383:
382:მესხეთის თურქები
365:Turkish Ahiskans
353:Meskhetian Turks
263:
259:
257:
256:
243:
239:
237:
236:
223:
219:
217:
216:
203:
199:
197:
196:
183:
179:
177:
176:
163:
159:
157:
156:
143:
139:
137:
136:
123:
119:
117:
116:
99:
95:
93:
92:
79:
75:
73:
72:
55:500,000–600,000
37:Total population
34:
32:Meskhetian Turks
30:
9907:
9906:
9902:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9897:
9896:
9832:
9831:
9830:
9825:
9799:
9751:
9661:
9651:
9649:
9619:
9614:
9558:
9529:Caucasus Greeks
9501:Afro-Abkhazians
9499:
9483:
9429:
9385:
9353:Kola Norwegians
9351:
9302:
9283:
9264:
9257:
9194:
9180:
9173:
9154:
9147:
9140:
9133:
9126:
9102:
9095:
9088:
9074:
9005:
8965:
8942:
8908:
8901:
8872:
8865:
8846:
8839:
8832:
8825:
8818:
8811:
8804:
8797:
8790:
8783:
8776:
8769:
8762:
8755:
8722:
8703:
8696:
8689:
8682:
8675:
8668:
8664:Siberian Tatars
8649:
8621:
8567:
8549:
8511:
8477:
8453:
8446:
8364:
8357:
8343:
8336:
8329:
8322:
8313:
8296:
8282:
8273:
8268:Baikal Cossacks
8266:
8259:
8252:
8238:
8231:
8217:
8203:
8196:
8182:
8172:
8168:
8158:
8154:
8130:
8109:
8102:
8053:
8046:
8022:
7993:
7986:
7979:
7965:
7958:
7951:
7938:
7931:
7926:
7896:
7891:
7882:
7775:
7747:
7742:
7712:
7707:
7695:
7664:Shahdagh people
7479:
7474:
7444:
7439:
7411:
7342:
7287:
7241:
7225:
7164:
7107:
7075:
7059:Caucasus Greeks
7045:
7001:
6994:
6981:
6900:
6888:
6857:
6818:
6778:
6715:
6654:
6646:
6555:
6547:
6539:
6509:
6504:
6469:
6465:Kazakh diaspora
6433:
6403:
6152:
6118:
6116:
6110:
6072:Afghan Turkmens
6063:
6056:
6034:
6028:
5983:Siberian Tatars
5907:
5832:
5826:
5822:Iranian Kazakhs
5802:Khorasani Turks
5774:
5768:
5741:
5735:
5678:Chinese Kazakhs
5660:
5654:
5637:
5636:Turkic peoples
5631:
5532:Bulgarian Turks
5508:Abkhazian Turks
5461:
5433:Afghan Turkmens
5415:
5370:
5361:Iranian Kazakhs
5356:Chinese Kazakhs
5339:
5259:
5254:
5224:
5219:
5188:Turks in Europe
5166:
5078:Tochni massacre
5073:Revival Process
5002:
4956:
4935:
4909:
4883:
4862:
4836:
4803:
4680:
4664:
4643:
4609:
4603:
4545:
4539:
4512:
4506:
4487:North Macedonia
4436:
4430:
4419:Northern Cyprus
4395:
4389:
4381:
4351:
4346:
4289:Robert Conquest
4246:
4244:Further reading
4241:
4235:
4227:, M.E. Sharpe,
4212:UNHCR (1999b),
4201:UNHCR (1999a),
4194:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4147:
4139:, M.E. Sharpe,
4128:
4109:
4091:
4072:
4053:
4034:
4026:, M.E. Sharpe,
4011:
3988:
3969:
3941:
3933:, M.E. Sharpe,
3922:
3903:
3883:
3876:
3862:
3855:
3842:
3825:on 17 July 2011
3822:
3811:
3799:
3788:
3783:
3770:
3768:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3743:
3741:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3716:
3714:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3693:
3691:
3679:
3675:
3658:
3654:
3641:
3639:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3614:
3612:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3587:
3585:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3555:
3553:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3527:
3525:
3513:
3509:
3496:
3494:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3460:
3458:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3432:
3428:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3401:
3399:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3376:
3358:
3354:
3345:
3343:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3318:
3316:
3307:
3303:
3289:
3287:
3275:
3271:
3260:
3246:
3242:
3230:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3185:
3183:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3154:
3152:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3122:
3120:
3111:
3100:
3090:
3076:
3072:
3063:
3061:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3035:
3033:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2977:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2954:
2952:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2900:
2898:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2869:
2867:
2866:, Radikal, 2010
2860:
2859:
2855:
2842:
2840:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2784:
2782:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2757:
2755:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2697:
2693:
2682:
2678:
2669:
2667:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2577:on 8 March 2012
2567:
2563:
2555:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2525:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2465:Wayback Machine
2454:Wayback Machine
2444:
2440:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2295:
2291:, p. xxxi.
2287:
2283:
2275:Yunusov, Arif.
2274:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2103:
2090:
2082:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2062:on 23 June 2011
2054:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1971:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1860:
1845:
1837:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1802:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1621:
1607:
1592:, Turkish actor
1561:
1524:Emrah Ormanoğlu
1510:
1496:Bahram Muzaffer
1446:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1379:
1361:
1348:
1335:
1322:
1303:
1297:, Turkish actor
1290:
1277:
1257:Ömürbek Babanov
1233:
1202:
1160:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1123:
1110:
1106:
1069:Ömürbek Babanov
1062:
1042:
1000:
940:
932:
915:
859:Washington D.C.
847:
818:
805:Victoria Ivleva
782:
747:and the native
741:
735:
701:. In June 1945
664:
658:
653:
645:Treaty of Zuhab
617:Peace of Amasya
613:
596:
568:Ahıska Türkleri
484:dialect of the
462:
442:
373:Ahıska Türkleri
282:
261:Northern Cyprus
254:
252:
234:
232:
214:
212:
194:
192:
174:
172:
154:
152:
134:
132:
126:150,000–250,000
114:
112:
90:
88:
70:
68:
56:
54:
52:
51:
45:
43:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9905:
9895:
9894:
9889:
9887:Turkic peoples
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9827:
9826:
9824:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9807:
9805:
9801:
9800:
9798:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9761:
9759:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9723:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9697:
9696:
9695:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9673:Turkish people
9669:
9667:
9663:
9662:
9648:
9647:
9640:
9633:
9625:
9616:
9615:
9613:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9572:
9566:
9564:
9560:
9559:
9557:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9519:Astrakhan Jews
9516:
9511:
9506:
9505:
9504:
9491:
9489:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9435:
9434:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9391:
9390:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9357:
9356:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9308:
9307:
9295:
9290:
9289:
9288:
9276:
9271:
9270:
9269:
9262:
9250:
9249:
9248:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9200:
9199:
9187:
9186:
9185:
9178:
9166:
9161:
9160:
9159:
9152:
9145:
9138:
9131:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9108:
9107:
9104:Siberian Finns
9100:
9097:Murmansk Finns
9093:
9081:
9080:
9079:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9011:
9010:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8977:
8975:
8971:
8970:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8963:
8961:Tver Karelians
8958:
8952:
8950:
8944:
8943:
8941:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8906:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8870:
8858:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8844:
8837:
8830:
8823:
8816:
8809:
8802:
8795:
8788:
8781:
8774:
8767:
8760:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8732:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8709:
8708:
8701:
8694:
8687:
8680:
8673:
8661:
8656:
8655:
8654:
8642:
8637:
8631:
8629:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8559:
8557:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8521:
8519:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8483:
8482:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8459:
8458:
8451:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8378:
8376:
8367:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8349:
8348:
8341:
8334:
8327:
8308:
8303:
8302:
8301:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8275:Kuban Cossacks
8271:
8264:
8245:
8244:
8243:
8236:
8224:
8223:
8222:
8210:
8209:
8208:
8201:
8189:
8188:
8187:
8180:
8166:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8123:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8114:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8063:Crimean Tatars
8060:
8059:
8058:
8051:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7991:
7984:
7972:
7971:
7970:
7963:
7956:
7943:
7941:
7933:
7932:
7925:
7924:
7917:
7910:
7902:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7881:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7785:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7757:
7755:
7749:
7748:
7741:
7740:
7733:
7726:
7718:
7709:
7708:
7700:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7590:
7589:
7579:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7567:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7516:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7495:
7490:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7473:
7472:
7465:
7458:
7450:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7297:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7262:
7253:
7247:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7239:
7233:
7231:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7189:
7178:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7128:
7117:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7100:
7094:
7092:
7083:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7067:
7066:
7055:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7043:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7015:
7013:
7004:
6996:
6995:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6910:
6904:
6902:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6865:
6863:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6829:
6827:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6794:
6788:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6723:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6667:
6665:
6656:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6570:
6568:
6559:
6549:
6548:
6538:
6537:
6530:
6523:
6515:
6506:
6505:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6441:
6439:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6413:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6384:Yenisei Kyrgyz
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6312:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6133:Finnish Tatars
6130:
6124:
6122:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6079:
6074:
6068:
6066:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5836:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5754:Crimean Tatars
5751:
5745:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5697:Chinese Uzbeks
5694:
5693:
5692:
5683:Chinese Kyrgyz
5680:
5675:
5673:Chinese Tatars
5670:
5664:
5662:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5622:Tunisian Turks
5619:
5614:
5609:
5607:Romanian Turks
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5577:Lebanese Turks
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Egyptian Turks
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5537:Croatian Turks
5534:
5529:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5513:Algerian Turks
5510:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5387:Chinese Kyrgyz
5384:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5312:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5276:
5274:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5257:Turkic peoples
5253:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5230:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5012:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4830:South Carolina
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4792:United Kingdom
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4705:Czech Republic
4702:
4697:
4691:
4689:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4549:
4547:
4546:in the Levant:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4475:Western Thrace
4472:
4467:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4438:in the Balkans
4432:
4431:
4427:Mainland Turks
4409:
4407:
4400:
4391:
4390:
4384:Turkish people
4380:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4357:
4350:
4349:External links
4347:
4345:
4344:
4329:
4311:
4304:
4286:
4268:(2): 169–187.
4257:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4233:
4220:
4209:
4198:
4192:
4179:
4151:
4145:
4132:
4126:
4113:
4107:
4094:
4089:
4076:
4070:
4057:
4052:978-1442241466
4051:
4038:
4032:
4015:
4009:
3992:
3987:978-1568591353
3986:
3973:
3967:
3954:
3945:
3939:
3926:
3920:
3907:
3901:
3888:
3867:
3865:on 2 June 2010
3846:
3840:
3827:
3804:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3767:, Haber7, 2019
3754:
3727:
3700:
3689:Anadolu Agency
3673:
3652:
3625:
3594:
3567:
3539:
3523:Anadolu Agency
3507:
3479:
3467:
3444:
3426:
3408:
3385:
3375:978-1782384120
3374:
3352:
3329:
3315:, Ahıska Press
3301:
3285:Anadolu Agency
3269:
3259:978-1789201482
3258:
3240:
3216:
3196:
3165:
3134:
3119:, Ahıska Press
3098:
3089:978-1538110423
3088:
3070:
3047:
3030:Anadolu Agency
3015:
2988:
2961:
2938:
2911:
2880:
2853:
2826:
2796:
2768:
2741:
2714:
2707:(in Turkish).
2691:
2676:
2649:
2637:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2561:
2546:
2519:
2507:World Bulletin
2494:
2468:
2438:
2421:
2414:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2343:
2322:
2318:Tomlinson 2005
2310:
2293:
2281:
2268:
2256:
2252:Tomlinson 2005
2244:
2213:
2188:
2173:
2164:
2139:
2127:World Bulletin
2109:
2088:
2073:
2047:
2036:
2013:
2007:
1989:
1983:
1965:
1947:
1932:
1917:
1900:
1877:
1843:
1822:
1779:
1748:
1717:
1691:
1679:
1662:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1556:
1553:Cüneyt Özdemir
1550:
1544:
1538:
1535:Kuruluş: Osman
1527:
1521:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1444:Takhir Kapadze
1441:
1435:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1368:, Azerbaijani
1356:
1343:
1333:Muharrem Ergin
1330:
1317:
1311:
1301:Adil Efendiyev
1298:
1288:Erdoğan Çakıcı
1285:
1275:Ali Sami Boyar
1272:
1271:special forces
1263:Yusuf Rıza Bey
1260:
1254:
1241:
1240:, Turkish poet
1231:Ali Fuat Azgur
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1197:
1194:Kuruluş: Osman
1180:
1174:
1171:Fatih Ahıskalı
1168:
1149:
1148:
1142:September 2022
1113:
1111:
1104:
1061:
1060:Notable people
1058:
1041:
1038:
999:
996:
939:
936:
931:
928:
914:
911:
846:
843:
817:
814:
781:
778:
762:Krasnodar Krai
753:Fergana Valley
737:Main article:
734:
731:
657:
654:
652:
649:
612:
609:
595:
592:
517:Ottoman Empire
476:settlers. Pro-
461:
458:
448:among them is
441:
438:
340:
339:
333:
332:
328:
327:
319:Predominantly
316:
315:
311:
310:
273:
272:
268:
267:
264:
248:
247:
244:
228:
227:
224:
208:
207:
204:
188:
187:
184:
168:
167:
166:70,000–100,000
164:
148:
147:
146:90,000–130,000
144:
128:
127:
124:
108:
107:
100:
84:
83:
80:
64:
63:
59:
58:
39:
38:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9904:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9802:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9758:
9754:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9702:
9701:
9698:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9670:
9668:
9664:
9660:
9655:
9646:
9641:
9639:
9634:
9632:
9627:
9626:
9623:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9567:
9565:
9561:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9544:Pontic Greeks
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9502:
9498:
9497:
9496:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9432:
9428:
9427:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9388:
9384:
9383:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9354:
9350:
9349:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9337:Mountain Jews
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9305:
9301:
9300:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9286:
9282:
9281:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9267:
9263:
9260:
9259:North Koreans
9256:
9255:
9254:
9251:
9246:
9242:
9241:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9197:
9193:
9192:
9191:
9188:
9183:
9182:Volga Germans
9179:
9176:
9172:
9171:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9164:Georgian Jews
9162:
9157:
9153:
9150:
9146:
9143:
9139:
9136:
9132:
9129:
9125:
9124:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9105:
9101:
9098:
9094:
9091:
9090:Ingrian Finns
9087:
9086:
9085:
9082:
9077:
9073:
9072:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9045:Bukharan Jews
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9008:
9004:
9003:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8978:
8976:
8972:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8949:
8945:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8911:
8907:
8904:
8900:
8899:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8875:
8871:
8868:
8864:
8863:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8849:
8845:
8842:
8838:
8835:
8831:
8828:
8824:
8821:
8817:
8814:
8810:
8807:
8803:
8800:
8796:
8793:
8789:
8786:
8782:
8779:
8775:
8772:
8768:
8765:
8761:
8758:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8729:
8725:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8706:
8702:
8699:
8695:
8692:
8691:Kalmak Tatars
8688:
8685:
8684:Eushta Tatars
8681:
8678:
8674:
8671:
8670:Baraba Tatars
8667:
8666:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8652:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8632:
8630:
8628:
8624:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8570:
8566:
8565:
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8560:
8558:
8556:
8552:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8514:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8480:
8476:
8475:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8375:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8360:
8354:
8351:
8346:
8342:
8339:
8338:Mishar Tatars
8335:
8332:
8328:
8325:
8321:
8320:
8317:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8299:
8295:
8294:
8293:
8290:
8285:
8281:
8276:
8272:
8269:
8265:
8262:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8251:
8250:
8249:
8246:
8241:
8237:
8234:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8225:
8220:
8216:
8215:
8214:
8211:
8206:
8202:
8199:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8190:
8185:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8170:Mountain Mari
8167:
8162:
8157:
8153:
8152:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8133:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8112:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8045:
8044:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8025:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7996:
7992:
7989:
7985:
7982:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7973:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7957:
7954:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7939:nationalities
7934:
7930:
7923:
7918:
7916:
7911:
7909:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7890:
7885:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7832:
7831:Pontic Greeks
7829:
7828:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7739:
7734:
7732:
7727:
7725:
7720:
7719:
7716:
7706:
7703:
7698:
7692:
7689:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7588:
7585:
7584:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7471:
7466:
7464:
7459:
7457:
7452:
7451:
7448:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7400:Mountain Jews
7398:
7396:
7395:Georgian Jews
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7385:Armenian Jews
7383:
7381:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7373:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7294:
7290:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7248:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7222:
7219:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7197:
7193:
7192:in Azerbaijan
7190:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7171:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7091:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7078:
7072:
7071:Pontic Greeks
7069:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7042:
7039:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7012:
7008:
7005:
7003:
6997:
6992:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6860:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6821:
6815:
6812:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6536:
6531:
6529:
6524:
6522:
6517:
6516:
6513:
6503:territories).
6502:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6317:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6204:Black Klobuks
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6120:(exc. Russia)
6113:
6107:
6106:Afghan Kyrgyz
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:Mishar Tatars
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5910:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5771:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5724:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:in Uzbekistan
5634:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5612:Serbian Turks
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5572:Kosovan Turks
5570:
5568:
5567:Israeli Turks
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5547:Cypriot Turks
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5527:Bosnian Turks
5525:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5450:
5446:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5401:Afghan Kyrgyz
5399:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5246:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:United States
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:Liechtenstein
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:Other regions
4646:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4326:0-393-00068-0
4323:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:0-333-10575-3
4298:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4236:
4234:0-87332-506-0
4230:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4199:
4195:
4193:0-7546-5183-5
4189:
4185:
4180:
4166:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4148:
4146:1-56324-237-0
4142:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4127:3-8258-8309-4
4123:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4108:963-9241-68-7
4104:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4071:0-313-32111-6
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4033:1-56324-357-1
4029:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4012:
4010:0-299-14894-7
4006:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3940:1-56324-741-0
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3921:92-871-5754-5
3917:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3902:0-7007-1162-7
3898:
3895:, Routledge,
3894:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3874:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3843:
3841:0-7099-0619-6
3837:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3740:, Sabah, 2016
3739:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3656:
3649:
3638:, Sabah, 2010
3637:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3598:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3511:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3483:
3476:
3475:Piriyeva 2005
3471:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3314:
3313:
3305:
3298:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3220:
3209:
3208:
3200:
3193:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2808:
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2800:
2793:
2780:
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2772:
2765:
2753:
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2745:
2738:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2680:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2641:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2435:
2434:0-8147-1944-9
2431:
2425:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2308:, p. 85.
2307:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2185:
2184:Khazanov 1995
2180:
2178:
2168:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2008:9789004179011
2004:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1984:9780521897969
1980:
1976:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1874:(13): 301–303
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1767:
1763:
1762:Today's Zaman
1759:
1752:
1736:
1732:
1731:Today's Zaman
1728:
1721:
1706:
1705:Today's Zaman
1702:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1658:Khazanov 1995
1654:
1650:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:
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1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1530:Fatih Osmanlı
1528:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:, Uzbek boxer
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:Timur Kapadze
1455:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:Niyaz Ilyasov
1427:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:Cabbar Faiqov
1344:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1246:, Uzbek-born
1245:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1118:verifiability
1112:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1080:Timur Kapadze
1077:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1004:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
935:
924:
919:
910:
908:
904:
903:United States
900:
896:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
860:
856:
851:
842:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
813:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
750:
746:
740:
726:
722:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
676:Joseph Stalin
673:
669:
663:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
605:
600:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
553:
548:
546:
540:
538:
534:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
496:, are simply
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
466:
457:
455:
451:
447:
437:
435:
430:
429:Joseph Stalin
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
346:
338:
334:
329:
326:
322:
317:
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
279:
274:
269:
265:
262:
249:
245:
242:
241:United States
229:
225:
222:
209:
206:15,000–38,000
205:
202:
189:
186:42,000–55,000
185:
182:
169:
165:
162:
149:
145:
142:
129:
125:
122:
109:
105:
101:
98:
85:
81:
78:
65:
60:
49:
40:
35:
26:
22:
9710:Christianity
9678:Ethnic Kurds
9332:Montenegrins
9321:
9020:Azerbaijanis
8856:Azerbaijanis
8311:Volga Tatars
8298:Tozhu Tuvans
8140:Komi-Permyak
7867:
7804:Azerbaijanis
7701:
7598:
7530:Azerbaijanis
7337:
7301:Azerbaijanis
7081:Indo-Iranian
6594:Imerkhevians
6556:
6143:Lipka Tatars
6016:Tozhu Tuvans
5976:Volga Tatars
5689:Akto Turkmen
5591:
5582:Libyan Turks
5542:Cretan Turks
5457:Akto Turkmen
5406:Tajik Kyrgyz
5393:Akto Turkmen
5280:Azerbaijanis
5063:Akritas plan
4988:Turkmenistan
4685:Diaspora in
4678:South Africa
4655:Saudi Arabia
4532:
4340:
4317:
4307:
4292:
4265:
4261:
4252:
4224:
4214:
4203:
4183:
4172:, retrieved
4165:the original
4156:
4136:
4117:
4098:
4080:
4061:
4042:
4021:
4000:
3977:
3958:
3949:
3930:
3911:
3892:
3881:the original
3872:
3860:the original
3851:
3831:
3820:the original
3815:
3795:
3786:Bibliography
3776:
3769:, retrieved
3763:
3757:
3749:
3742:, retrieved
3736:
3730:
3722:
3715:, retrieved
3709:
3703:
3692:, retrieved
3683:
3676:
3667:
3662:
3655:
3647:
3640:, retrieved
3634:
3628:
3620:
3613:, retrieved
3603:
3597:
3586:, retrieved
3576:
3570:
3561:
3554:, retrieved
3548:
3542:
3533:
3526:, retrieved
3517:
3510:
3502:
3495:, retrieved
3489:
3482:
3470:
3459:, retrieved
3453:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3400:, retrieved
3394:
3388:
3379:
3365:
3355:
3344:, retrieved
3338:
3332:
3324:
3317:, retrieved
3311:
3304:
3295:
3288:, retrieved
3279:
3272:
3263:
3249:
3243:
3234:
3226:
3219:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3184:, retrieved
3174:
3168:
3160:
3153:, retrieved
3143:
3137:
3128:
3121:, retrieved
3115:
3093:
3079:
3073:
3062:, retrieved
3056:
3050:
3041:
3034:, retrieved
3024:
3018:
3010:
3003:, retrieved
2997:
2991:
2983:
2976:, retrieved
2970:
2964:
2953:, retrieved
2947:
2941:
2933:
2926:, retrieved
2920:
2914:
2906:
2899:, retrieved
2889:
2883:
2875:
2868:, retrieved
2862:
2856:
2848:
2841:, retrieved
2835:
2829:
2821:
2814:, retrieved
2805:
2799:
2790:
2783:, retrieved
2777:
2771:
2763:
2756:, retrieved
2750:
2744:
2736:
2729:, retrieved
2723:
2717:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2685:
2679:
2668:, retrieved
2658:
2652:
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2624:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:the original
2564:
2537:. Retrieved
2533:the original
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2506:
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2481:the original
2471:
2458:Photograph 2
2447:Photograph 1
2441:
2424:
2404:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2361:
2354:Minahan 2002
2313:
2284:
2276:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:the original
2226:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2200:
2191:
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:the original
2050:
2039:
2030:26 September
2028:, retrieved
2022:
2016:
1998:
1992:
1974:
1968:
1955:
1950:
1892:, retrieved
1886:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1761:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1735:the original
1730:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:
1682:
1653:
1596:Yalçın Topçu
1533:
1472:Mediha Kayra
1369:
1359:Aşıq Feydayi
1266:
1192:
1186:
1158:Sima Ağayeva
1152:
1139:
1115:
1049:
1043:
1040:Circumcision
1027:
1023:
1019:
1009:
941:
933:
907:Dayton, Ohio
892:
864:
845:Demographics
819:
802:
798:Azerbaijanis
786:Central Asia
783:
742:
719:
695:World War II
680:
665:
614:
604:Georgian SSR
578:of Georgia (
555:
550:
542:
530:
511:(Historical
471:
454:haplogroup G
450:Haplogroup J
443:
434:shanty towns
425:Soviet Union
414:
385:
364:
361:Ahiska Turks
360:
356:
352:
351:
303:
295:
287:
276:
246:9,000–16,000
226:8,000–15,000
106:descendants)
28:Ethnic group
25:
9737:Immigration
9514:Armeno-Tats
9431:Ural Swedes
9317:Macedonians
9312:Lithuanians
9149:Mingrelians
9025:Belarusians
9007:Cherkesogai
8677:Chat Tatars
8173: [
8159: [
7766:Mingrelians
7753:Kartvelians
7513:Armeno-Tats
7380:Abkhaz Jews
7328:Karapapakhs
7293:Oghuz Turks
7029:Cherkesogai
7024:Armeno-Tats
6925:Circassians
6635:Mingrelians
6614:Meskhetians
6364:Toquz Oghuz
6303:Oghuz Turks
6270:Sir-Kıvchak
6064:Afghanistan
5807:Qarai Turks
5723:Tor Uyghurs
5702:Fuyu Kyrgyz
5650:Karakalpaks
5519:Kouloughlis
5323:Karapapakhs
5198:Kouloughlis
5008:Turkophobia
4921:Afghanistan
4879:New Zealand
4787:Switzerland
4757:Netherlands
4622:Kouloughlis
4337:Meskhetians
4333:Kevin Tuite
3771:20 December
3744:20 December
3717:20 December
3694:21 December
3642:20 December
3615:21 December
3588:20 December
3582:Daily Sabah
3556:21 December
3535:ettiremedi.
3461:21 December
3346:20 December
3319:21 December
3186:21 December
3155:21 December
3123:21 December
3064:20 December
3036:20 December
3005:21 December
2978:21 December
2955:21 December
2928:21 December
2901:20 December
2870:22 December
2843:21 December
2816:21 December
2785:21 December
2758:21 December
2731:20 December
2608:Coşkun 2009
2557:UNHCR 1999a
2487:19 February
2390:UNHCR 1999b
2366:Polian 2004
2339:UNHCR 1999b
2264:Wixman 1984
2206:29 February
2157:17 February
1772:21 February
1741:21 February
1710:21 February
1635:Meskhetians
1608: [
1590:Fırat Tanış
1584:Ravil Tagir
1562: [
1547:Alptuğ Öner
1511: [
1447: [
1419: [
1406: [
1403:Asif Hacılı
1393: [
1380: [
1362: [
1349: [
1336: [
1323: [
1314:Ata Demirer
1304: [
1291: [
1278: [
1234: [
1219:Tevfik Arif
1203: [
1177:Taner Akçam
1161: [
964:Azerbaijani
946:dialect of
855:White House
651:Soviet rule
501:Meskhetians
494:Sunni Islam
408:, although
337:Karapapakhs
323:, minority
321:Sunni Islam
284:Azerbaijani
50:in Turkey)
21:Meskhetians
9836:Categories
9720:Irreligion
9683:Minorities
9474:Vietnamese
9459:Ukrainians
9387:Ruska Roma
9361:Pakistanis
9347:Norwegians
9304:Latgalians
9214:Hungarians
9175:Mennonites
9040:Bulgarians
8923:Tabasarans
8417:Kamchadals
8363:Indigenous
8132:Izhma Komi
8078:Kabardians
7878:Lom people
7809:Qarapapaqs
7789:Abkhazians
7614:Qarapapaqs
7577:Karadaghis
7508:Nakhchivan
7368:in Georgia
7363:in Armenia
7311:Karadaghis
7221:Ukrainians
7209:Doukhobors
7187:in Armenia
7090:Indo-Aryan
6960:Kabardians
6950:Chemirgoys
6913:Abkhazians
6764:Tabasarans
6663:Avar–Andic
6609:Kakhetians
6604:Javakhians
6566:Kartvelian
5411:Van Kyrgyz
5293:Shahsevans
4998:Uzbekistan
4978:Kyrgyzstan
4973:Kazakhstan
4968:Azerbaijan
4558:Turkmeneli
4520:Azerbaijan
4492:Montenegro
4470:Dodecanese
4399:settlement
4387:by country
3609:TGRT Haber
2581:16 January
2539:16 January
2512:3 February
2436:, Page 170
2306:Floor 2001
2237:6 December
2132:3 February
1810:Al Jazeera
1541:Buğra Öner
1225:Refik Arif
1213:Aslan Atem
1018:party, or
1016:engagement
834:Azerbaijan
790:Azerbaijan
770:Kyrgyzstan
766:Kazakhstan
758:Azerbaijan
745:Uzbekistan
691:Kyrgyzstan
687:Kazakhstan
559:Uzbekistan
492:school of
396:region of
325:Shia Islam
201:Uzbekistan
181:Kyrgyzstan
141:Azerbaijan
121:Kazakhstan
9727:Education
9688:Languages
9605:Pumpokols
9420:Spaniards
9395:Romanians
9327:Moldovans
9274:Krymchaks
9209:Hamshenis
9128:Adjarians
9122:Georgians
9070:Estonians
9015:Assyrians
9001:Armenians
8991:Americans
8956:Besermyan
8874:Kubachins
8799:Chamalals
8778:Bagvalals
8640:Kumandins
8569:Hamnigans
8525:Izhorians
8517:Northwest
8487:Nganasans
8479:Khandeyar
8374:Far North
8345:Nağaybäks
8331:Kryashens
8227:Ossetians
8219:Khandeyar
8093:Karelians
8088:Karachays
7988:Telengits
7960:Natukhajs
7848:Ossetians
7799:Assyrians
7794:Armenians
7702:See Also:
7649:Terekemes
7587:Sheylanli
7565:Ashkenazi
7540:Georgians
7498:Armenians
7358:Assyrians
7333:Küresünni
7316:Shahsevan
7273:Karachays
7121:Ossetians
7019:Armenians
6965:Natukhajs
6940:Besleneys
6898:Northwest
6879:Khinalugs
6848:Khwarshis
6701:Godoberis
6696:Chamalals
6686:Bagvalals
6655:(Caspian)
6652:Northeast
6621:Colchians
6579:Adjarians
6574:Georgians
6553:Caucasian
6438:Diasporas
6379:Xueyantuo
6369:Uriankhai
6316:Pechenegs
6309:Turkomans
6283:Kutrigurs
5955:Kryashens
5917:Kumandins
5898:Karachays
5878:Besermyan
5853:Telengits
5759:Krymchaks
5742:in Crimea
5707:Ili Turks
5300:Küresünni
4905:Venezuela
4895:Argentina
4874:Australia
4587:Palestine
4533:Meskhetia
4282:219410349
3528:20 August
3438:, Kuzuk,
3265:Caferoğlu
3130:olmuştur.
1894:30 August
1134:citations
895:Krasnodar
521:Georgians
505:Georgians
498:Turkified
271:Languages
9700:Religion
9600:Meschera
9554:Sireniki
9495:Africans
9444:Turkmens
9415:Slovenes
9371:Persians
9298:Latvians
9229:Japanese
9224:Italians
9030:Bosniaks
8938:Tsakhurs
8910:Karagash
8903:Ak Nogai
8834:Khwarshi
8806:Godoberi
8792:Botlikhs
8757:Akhvakhs
8728:Dagestan
8718:Tofalars
8635:Kamasins
8587:Negidals
8555:Far East
8540:Vepsians
8502:Yukaghir
8442:Alyutors
8412:Itelmens
8387:Chukchis
8254:Cossacks
8248:Russians
8192:Mordvins
8048:Besleney
8042:Cherkess
8018:Chechens
8008:Bashkirs
7995:Tubalars
7981:Chelkans
7975:Altaians
7967:Shapsugs
7953:Bzhedugs
7863:Russians
7679:Khinalug
7619:Russians
7570:Mountain
7520:Akhvakhs
7260:Kipchaks
7214:Molokans
7204:Cossacks
7199:Russians
7051:Hellenic
7011:Armenian
7002:European
6970:Shapsugs
6955:Cherkess
6945:Bzhedugs
6935:Adygeans
6901:(Pontic)
6826:(Didoic)
6797:Chechens
6769:Tsakhurs
6691:Botlikhs
6676:Akhvakhs
6599:Ingiloys
6545:Caucasus
6489:Turkmens
6477:Turkmeni
6334:Saragurs
6278:Kurykans
6264:Kipchaks
6249:Keraites
6234:Göktürks
6224:Dughlats
6214:Dingling
6184:Berendei
6035:Mongolia
6005:Tofalars
5969:Nağaybäk
5873:Bashkirs
5860:Tubalars
5846:Chelkans
5840:Altaians
5661:in China
5493:Tahtacıs
5486:Muhacirs
5427:Turkmens
5171:See also
4931:Pakistan
4772:Portugal
4528:Abkhazia
4524:Georgia
4452:Bulgaria
4415:Muhacirs
3563:başardı.
3213:, ULUSAM
3180:Hürriyet
3149:Milliyet
2670:28 March
2664:archived
2461:Archived
2450:Archived
2066:31 March
1640:Meskheti
1619:See also
1183:Celal Al
1012:weddings
968:Georgian
938:Language
930:Religion
901:for the
881:", and "
809:Armenian
633:attacked
629:Ottomans
625:Safavids
621:Meskheti
619:(1555),
576:Kipchaks
545:Nişanyan
513:Meskheti
478:Georgian
440:Genetics
394:Meskheti
377:Georgian
314:Religion
300:Georgian
48:muhacirs
9742:Poverty
9715:Judaism
9570:Agrzhan
9549:Qaratay
9539:Korlaks
9479:Yazidis
9469:Uyghurs
9410:Slovaks
9366:Pamiris
9285:Kurmanj
9253:Koreans
9239:Kazakhs
9219:Indians
9169:Germans
9135:Ingiloy
9065:Dungans
9035:Britons
8986:Afghans
8892:Lezgins
8867:Kaitags
8861:Dargins
8827:Karatas
8820:Hunzibs
8813:Hinukhs
8785:Bezhtas
8736:Abazins
8713:Teleuts
8627:Siberia
8545:Votians
8492:Selkups
8437:Koryaks
8402:Dolgans
8397:Chuvans
8392:Chulyms
8365:peoples
8306:Udmurts
8198:Mokshas
8111:Abugach
8104:Koibals
8083:Kalmyks
8037:Chuvash
8032:Chukchi
8013:Buryats
8003:Balkars
7937:Titular
7821:Germans
7654:Tsakhur
7594:Lezgins
7550:Germans
7545:Garachi
7488:Afshars
7407:Kalmyks
7268:Balkars
7237:Germans
7160:Yazidis
7113:Iranian
6930:Abzakhs
6908:Abazins
6873:Kaitags
6869:Dargins
6843:Hunzibs
6838:Hinukhs
6833:Bezhtas
6754:Lezgins
6739:Budukhs
6706:Karatas
6589:Gurians
6557:(areal)
6501:Ottoman
6485:Iranian
6481:Afghani
6429:Mughals
6424:Hazaras
6374:Utigurs
6349:Türgesh
6324:Onogurs
6298:Nushibi
6293:Naimans
6254:Khazars
6244:Karluks
6199:Chigils
6194:Bulgars
6179:Barsils
6117:Europe
6096:Ansarlu
6042:Khotons
6000:Teleuts
5893:Dolgans
5888:Chuvash
5883:Chulyms
5868:Balkars
5812:Qashqai
5797:Khalajs
5775:in Iran
5717:Uyghurs
5440:Ansarlu
5351:Kazakhs
5265:Peoples
4993:Ukraine
4742:Ireland
4737:Hungary
4725:Germany
4715:Finland
4710:Denmark
4700:Belgium
4695:Austria
4639:Tunisia
4617:Algeria
4582:Lebanon
4497:Romania
4461:Greece
4457:Croatia
4397:Turkish
4174:2 March
3497:19 June
3422:edildi.
3402:20 June
3297:ulaştı.
3290:20 June
2630:25 July
2356:, 1240.
2044:page78.
1467:TBMM TV
1124:Please
1029:Sharbat
998:Wedding
988:Russian
980:Russian
956:Ardahan
948:Turkish
913:Culture
822:Ukraine
794:Khojaly
774:Ukraine
711:Ardahan
615:By the
606:, 1926.
594:History
588:Mongols
564:Turkish
474:Ottoman
398:Georgia
390:Turkish
369:Turkish
292:Russian
280:dialect
221:Ukraine
104:muhacir
77:Georgia
9732:Health
9666:Topics
9590:Muroma
9524:Buzava
9464:Uzbeks
9439:Tajiks
9425:Swedes
9400:Rusyns
9293:Kyrgyz
9190:Greeks
9117:Gagauz
9112:French
9060:Czechs
9055:Cubans
8981:Abkhaz
8928:Talysh
8918:Rutuls
8897:Nogais
8882:Kumyks
8841:Tindis
8771:Archis
8741:Aghuls
8659:Soyots
8597:Orochs
8592:Nivkhs
8563:Evenks
8507:Yupiks
8473:Nenets
8468:Naukan
8455:Karaga
8432:Khanty
8422:Kereks
8382:Aleuts
8353:Yakuts
8316:Tatars
8292:Tuvans
8284:Pomors
8233:Digors
8213:Nenets
8205:Erzyas
8121:Khanty
8098:Khakas
8073:Ingush
8055:Ademey
7947:Adyghe
7826:Greeks
7669:Budukh
7639:Tatars
7634:Talysh
7604:Padars
7555:Greeks
7525:Ayrums
7351:Others
7323:Bayats
7306:Ayrums
7283:Nogais
7278:Kumyks
7251:Turkic
7230:Others
7174:Slavic
7150:Talysh
7126:Digors
6975:Ubykhs
6862:Others
6824:Tsezic
6814:Ingush
6759:Rutuls
6734:Archin
6721:Lezgic
6711:Tindis
6497:Syrian
6419:Abdals
6412:Others
6399:Yabaku
6389:Yueban
6339:Shatuo
6329:Sabirs
6288:Merkit
6239:Kangly
6229:Esegel
6209:Cumans
6189:Bulaqs
6174:Basmyl
6138:Gagauz
6088:Timuri
6082:Aimaqs
6077:Afshar
6024:Yakuts
6010:Tuvans
5942:Tatars
5937:Soyots
5927:Nogais
5922:Kumyks
5909:Koibal
5903:Khakas
5833:Russia
5787:Afshar
5731:Yugurs
5645:Uzbeks
5500:Yörüks
5382:Kyrgyz
4983:Russia
4900:Brazil
4848:Kuwait
4820:Mexico
4815:Canada
4797:London
4782:Sweden
4767:Poland
4762:Norway
4730:Berlin
4720:France
4687:Europe
4577:Jordan
4565:Israel
4502:Serbia
4482:Kosovo
4411:Turkey
4324:
4299:
4280:
4231:
4190:
4143:
4124:
4105:
4087:
4068:
4049:
4030:
4007:
3984:
3965:
3937:
3918:
3899:
3838:
3611:, 2016
3584:, 2016
3417:Tebrik
3372:
3256:
3182:, 2011
3151:, 2010
3086:
3032:, 2017
2897:, 2009
2792:geldi.
2432:
2412:
2368:, 155.
2320:, 110.
2266:, 134.
2254:, 111.
2186:, 195.
2005:
1981:
1815:5 July
1689:, 393.
1120:policy
1054:Sandek
994:rule.
992:Soviet
982:, and
976:Kyrgyz
972:Kazakh
960:Artvin
958:, and
879:Kyrgyz
875:Kazakh
838:Turkey
830:Russia
749:Uzbeks
715:Artvin
699:Turkey
572:Cumans
533:Adzhar
490:Hanafi
410:Turkic
402:Turkey
379::
363:, and
308:Kazakh
306:
304:·
302:
298:
296:·
294:
290:
288:·
286:
258:
238:
218:
198:
178:
161:Russia
158:
138:
118:
97:Turkey
94:
74:
9804:Lists
9705:Islam
9595:Merya
9585:Kotts
9575:Asans
9509:Ainus
9449:Turks
9405:Serbs
9376:Poles
9342:Mugat
9279:Kurds
9196:Urums
9156:Svans
9084:Finns
9076:Setos
8996:Arabs
8948:Other
8764:Andis
8751:Avars
8645:Shors
8617:Ulchs
8612:Udege
8602:Oroks
8582:Nanai
8577:Evens
8535:Setos
8497:Yughs
8463:Mansi
8448:Apuka
8407:Enets
8240:Irons
8177:]
8163:]
8145:Mansi
7868:Turks
7853:Poles
7843:Kurds
7838:Kists
7771:Svans
7684:Kryts
7659:Turks
7629:Serbs
7624:Rutul
7609:Poles
7582:Kurds
7535:Avars
7493:Arabs
7182:Poles
7136:Kudar
7131:Irons
7064:Urums
7000:Indo-
6807:Aukhs
6802:Kists
6749:Kryts
6729:Aguls
6681:Avars
6671:Andis
6642:Svans
6584:Dvals
6493:Iraqi
6394:Yagma
6359:Torks
6354:Tuhsi
6344:Tiele
6259:Kimek
6219:Duolu
6052:Dukha
5932:Shors
5764:Urums
5712:Salar
5479:Gajal
5473:Turks
4952:Japan
4947:China
4926:India
4853:Qatar
4777:Spain
4747:Italy
4660:Yemen
4634:Libya
4629:Egypt
4592:Syria
4465:Crete
4278:S2CID
4168:(PDF)
4161:(PDF)
3884:(PDF)
3877:(PDF)
3863:(PDF)
3856:(PDF)
3823:(PDF)
3812:(PDF)
3800:(PDF)
3666:[
3231:(PDF)
3211:(PDF)
3116:BUGÜN
2895:Sabah
2810:(PDF)
2559:, 14.
2392:, 21.
2380:, 31.
2341:, 20.
2107:, 30.
1646:Notes
1612:]
1566:]
1515:]
1451:]
1423:]
1410:]
1397:]
1384:]
1371:ashik
1366:]
1353:]
1340:]
1327:]
1308:]
1295:]
1282:]
1238:]
1207:]
1165:]
1050:Kirve
1034:Waltz
1024:Nişan
1020:Nişan
984:Uzbek
883:Uzbek
871:Azeri
82:1,500
9795:2020
9790:2010
9785:2000
9780:1990
9775:1965
9770:1935
9765:1927
9580:Chud
9454:Udis
9381:Roma
9234:Jews
8933:Tats
8887:Laks
8848:Tsez
8530:Sámi
8427:Kets
8314:(as
8150:Mari
8126:Komi
7873:Jews
7858:Roma
7816:Bats
7761:Lazs
7644:Tats
7560:Jews
7503:Baku
7375:Jews
7155:Tats
7103:Roma
7098:Loms
7034:Zoks
6918:Sadz
6884:Laks
6853:Tsez
6792:Bats
6784:Nakh
6774:Udis
6744:Jeks
6630:Lazs
6625:Zans
6495:and
6483:and
6164:Alat
5668:Äynu
4570:Jews
4553:Iraq
4322:ISBN
4297:ISBN
4229:ISBN
4188:ISBN
4176:2012
4141:ISBN
4122:ISBN
4103:ISBN
4085:ISBN
4066:ISBN
4047:ISBN
4028:ISBN
4005:ISBN
3982:ISBN
3963:ISBN
3935:ISBN
3916:ISBN
3897:ISBN
3836:ISBN
3773:2020
3746:2020
3719:2020
3696:2020
3644:2020
3617:2020
3590:2020
3558:2020
3530:2023
3499:2021
3477:, 6.
3463:2020
3404:2021
3370:ISBN
3348:2020
3321:2020
3292:2021
3254:ISBN
3188:2020
3157:2020
3125:2020
3084:ISBN
3066:2020
3038:2020
3007:2020
2980:2020
2957:2020
2930:2020
2903:2020
2872:2020
2845:2020
2818:2020
2787:2020
2760:2020
2733:2020
2711:(2).
2672:2021
2647:, 23
2632:2017
2610:, 5.
2583:2012
2541:2012
2514:2016
2489:2022
2430:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2239:2023
2208:2024
2159:2024
2134:2016
2068:2016
2032:2021
2003:ISBN
1979:ISBN
1930:, 15
1915:, 14
1896:2021
1841:, 13
1817:2016
1774:2012
1743:2012
1712:2012
1191:and
1044:The
990:and
952:Kars
877:", "
873:", "
772:and
713:and
707:Kars
672:CPSU
635:the
482:Kars
9204:Han
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8607:Taz
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7041:Lom
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4270:doi
2598:, 9
2086:, 4
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1665:^
1610:ru
1564:tr
1513:ru
1449:ru
1421:tr
1408:az
1395:az
1382:az
1364:az
1351:az
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1325:az
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1293:tr
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