331:, who needed a pre-amp to drive his new Crown DC-300 power amplifiers. Smith added an extra tube gain stage to the preamp, with three variable gain controls at different points in the circuit, in what is now called a "cascaded" design. The amount of gain produced surprised both men, and Smith combined the cascaded design with the small form factor of the Fender Princeton, creating the first high-gain amp, the "Princeton Boogie." Released in 1972, the Boogies solved the issue of amps not having enough gain to sustain notes at volumes suitable for smaller venues. An early customer, Santana took a snakeskin-covered model to a jam session with
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1983 to fix a noticeable "pop" when switching channels, while subsequent improvements to the effects loop resulted in a handwritten "+" designation on the rear of each amplifier's chassis. Notably, this new IIC+ variant also featured an altered preamp to create a more aggressive sound, with a strong midrange focus and tight low end. Combined with its graphic EQ, the amp excelled at "soaring lead sounds and huge crunch chords." Early adopters included heavy metal guitarists like
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347:," Santana's guitar tone turned the band into fans of the brand, and the Stones' next tour exclusively featured Boogie amps. As the demand for his amps grew, Smith decided to move his workshop out of the Prune Music storefront to get away from the distractions of the store having become a busy local hangout. He relocated to what was formerly a plywood dog kennel, then, eventually, to his home.
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415:. As the Mark III was already deep in development, fewer then 3,000 IIC+ amps were made during its short production run between January 1984 and March 1985. Additionally, some players had earlier Mark II models modified to IIC+ specs. The IIC+ is Mesa/Boogie's most valuable amp on the secondary market, with models often selling for over $ 15,000, as of 2023.
443:. Particularly inspired by Soldano's SLO 100—itself derived from the Mark series circuits—Mesa introduced the Dual Rectifier in 1991. With a "raw, aggressive bass-heavy sound" and sporting a characteristic steel, diamond faceplate, the Rectifier was Mesa's take on a "big, monster-metal head" and intended to look threatening compared to the Mark amps.
258:. However, he would hop freight trains nearly every weekend from Santa Barbara back to the Bay Area to see friends and return to the Beat coffee houses and bookstores of Berkeley. During the next four years he attended UC Berkeley, studying humanities, English Literature and creative writing courses, but never graduated.
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keyboardist Dave
Kessner's amp failed, and after Smith successfully repaired it, an impressed Kessner proposed opening a music store together with Smith as the repairman. They opened Prune Music in 1967, inside a building that had been a Chinese grocery store. Smith's clientele included area bands like the
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Smith wanted to participate in the burgeoning San
Francisco music scene, having been taught clarinet and a little sax by his father, but he took up drums, as it was the easiest to learn quickly. He played with a local blues and jam band and co-founded the band Martha's Laundry. While playing a gig,
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As Mesa continued to grow, Smith moved the company to
Petaluma in 1980 and continued to improve his amp designs to meet players' requests. Revisions to the Mark II resulted in amplifier milestones such as channel switching (Mark IIA) and the first effects loop (Mark IIB). The IIC was introduced in
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Throughout the decade, Mesa continued to produce combo and head amplifiers, and began production of rack power and pre-amps, developing power amplifiers such as the M180/190 and
Strategy series, as well as pre-amps such as the Quad and Studio. Other models developed in the 1980s included the Mark
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Mesa has continued to introduce new models in the 2000s and 2010s, with models such as the Road King II, the Lone Star and Lone Star
Special, the Stiletto and Express lines along with lower watt versions of its large amps, such as the mini Rectifier, and the Mark V:25 and Mark V:35.
486:—Smith has said the overwhelming success of the amp with its distinctive sound and styling has led many people to associate the entire Mesa brand exclusively with metal, despite the company's roots in the "Fender legacy" and its initial reputation as a "
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Offshoots of Prune Music continue in
Berkeley to this day with Subway Guitars, Sam Cohen (aka Fat Dog) and Guitar Resurrection in Austin, TX with former Martha's Laundry guitarist, Jim Lehman (aka Lizard Slim). They were partners until 1975.
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automobile engines. Smith made up Mesa
Engineering, an official-sounding name, as the umbrella company for these efforts: purchasing concrete by the truckload for house projects, as well as wholesale parts for amps and engines.
208:, which popularized modern, high-gain circuits, while the 1990s saw the introduction of Mesa's flagship Rectifier amps, the success of which made the brand a staple of modern rock tone. In 2021, Mesa/Boogie was acquired by
235:, Smith became friends with his troop leader's son and they built ham radios together. Smith's father had a friend, Ernie, who built hi-fi turntables and gave him a couple to experiment on until he was 11 or 12.
311:, a customer at Prune Music, to demo the amp. Despite initial skepticism at the sight of the seemingly stock amplifier, Santana played it and was impressed, exclaiming, "Man, that amp really boogies!"
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Mesa continued to revise the design of the
Rectifiers as the decade went on, with "Revisions" F and G having a darker, looser sound that extended the model's popularity into the 2000s.
185:. Smith's modifications gave the small amps much more input gain, making them much louder as well as creating a high-gain, distorted guitar tone. Prominent early customers included
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Smith produced a number of custom variations of the Boogie through the late 1970s, with options including reverb, a five-band graphic EQ, various speakers (most often
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of a local guitarist into a significantly louder 100-watt amp without altering its appearance. He accomplished this by replacing the amplifier section with that of a
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as the primary reason for its "holy grail" status in the rock and metal genres, while noting the amp was also a favorite of top session musicians at the time like
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As the 1980s came to a close, the complicated features and boutique styling of the Mark series began losing popularity in favor of simpler designs by
Marshall,
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If hot-rodding
Fenders was the first breakthrough, the second was developing an extra gain stage for the guitar input. Smith was building a preamplifier for
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had acquired Mesa/Boogie. As a result of the acquisition, then-75-year-old Smith joined Gibson as "Master Designer and Pioneer of Mesa/Boogie and beyond."
197:. Exposure from these top players helped to establish Mesa/Boogie's position on the market, and it is frequently referred to as the first manufacturer of
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228:, played tenor sax, had a radio show and led a hotel dance band. Smith believes all of his early musical experiences taught him how to hear tone.
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In addition to the amp repair business, Smith supplemented his income by building concrete foundations for summer houses and rebuilding
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jointed cabinets, and wicker grills. Upon the 1978 release of the Boogie's successor—the "Mark II"—the Boogie was renamed the
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Mesa followed up the success of the Rectifiers with the short-lived Maverick and Blue Angel models, as well as the Nomads.
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900:"In praise of the 1984-85 Mesa/Boogie Mark IIC+, the high-gain boutique amp behind rock and metal's holy grail tones"
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870:"Metallica's James Hetfield and Kirk Hammett, John Petrucci and more on why they love Mesa/Boogie's Mark II amps"
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Electric & Acoustic Guitar Gear, Lessons, News, Blogs, Video, Tabs & Chords - GuitarPlayer.com
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and replacing the 10-inch speaker with a 12-inch speaker. To ensure the joke would work, Smith asked
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Mesa/Boogie began with a practical joke when Smith was commissioned to secretly convert the 20-watt
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in 1946. His mother and sister played piano and his father was the first-chair clarinet with the
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amps at the time and wanted something "percussive tight and in your face."
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Mesa was started by Randall Smith as a small repair shop which modified
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Subsequent design revisions to Mesa's early amps lead to the
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583:"Boogie wonderland: 8 of the best Mesa/Boogie guitar amps"
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466:. While an array of bands have used Rectifiers—including
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III, Mark IV, the Son of Boogie, and the Studio .22.
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1677:Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States
709:"Randall Smith on Conjuring the Mesa/Boogie Tone"
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220:Randall Smith was born into a musical family in
550:Guitar Tone: Pursuing the Ultimate Guitar Sound
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343:. Joining the Stones onstage for an encore of "
369:
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952:"Gibson Announces Acquisition of Mesa/Boogie"
843:"A history of the Mesa Boogie Mark II series"
734:MESA/Boogie Founder – Randall Smith Interview
250:, as his parents wanted him removed from the
1672:Companies based in Sonoma County, California
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786:"A Brief History of Mesa/Boogie Amplifiers"
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508:On January 6, 2021, it was announced that
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174:. It has been in operation since 1969.
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926:"6 landmark Mesa/Boogie guitar amps"
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868:Bienstock, Richard (30 March 2020).
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323:The 1970s and the Princeton Boogie
256:University of California, Berkeley
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627:"A brief history of Mesa/Boogie"
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490:outfit" aimed at blues players.
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759:. John Wiley. pp. 288–89.
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665:"Builder Profile: Mesa/Boogie"
181:, particularly the diminutive
1:
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898:Gill, Chris (2 March 2023).
581:Stick, Don (26 April 2019).
423:The 1990s and the Rectifiers
395:, who was dissatisfied with
158:) is an American company in
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370:The 1980s and the Mark IIC+
68:; 55 years ago
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932:. Music Radar. August 2016
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166:and other accessories for
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547:Gallagher, Mitch (2012).
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295:Several Mesa/Boogie amps.
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756:Blues Guitar For Dummies
553:. Cengage. p. 251.
500:The 2000s to present day
405:cited the IIC+'s use on
814:"A Mesa Boogie History"
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753:Chappell, Jon (2011).
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431:A Dual Rectifier head.
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345:Sympathy for the Devil
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282:History of Mesa/Boogie
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341:Madison Square Garden
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240:Miramonte High School
66:, United States (1969
1667:Petaluma, California
1168:Gibson Barney Kessel
254:influences of local
222:Berkeley, California
162:, that manufactures
160:Petaluma, California
95:Petaluma, California
64:Petaluma, California
820:. PremierGuitar.com
378:Mesa Boogie Mark IV
199:boutique amplifiers
54:Musical instruments
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792:. 17 December 2015
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337:the Rolling Stones
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244:Orinda, California
195:The Rolling Stones
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685:"Randall's Story"
625:Stoner, Brandon.
408:Master of Puppets
264:Steve Miller Band
179:Fender amplifiers
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1037:Key figures
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460:post-grunge
206:Mark Series
152:Mesa/Boogie
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1050:Lloyd Loar
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527:References
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120:Amplifiers
107:Key people
38:Subsidiary
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1398:LG Series
1331:J Series
1298:Super 400
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1178:Blueshawk
1107:ES Series
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456:hard rock
385:Metallica
333:Bob Dylan
233:Boy Scout
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1579:Epiphone
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1378:B Series
1317:Acoustic
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1183:Citation
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1142:Les Paul
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1132:Firebird
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1065:Les Paul
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360:koa wood
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1095:Current
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1233:GK-55
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