438:"he chord playing of the rhythm guitar was broken up into a series of separate strokes, often one to the bar, with the regular plodding of the bass guitar and crisp drumming behind it. This gave a very different effect from the monolithic character of rock, in that the beat was given not by the duplication of one instrument in the rhythm section by another, but by an interplay between all three. This flexibility also meant that beat music could cope with a greater range of time-signatures and song shapes than rock & roll had been able to".
608:
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scene, in major urban centres in the UK like
Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham and London. This was particularly true in Liverpool, where it has been estimated that there were around 350 different bands active, often playing ballrooms, concert halls and clubs. Liverpool was perhaps uniquely placed
895:
WĂ€hrend der fĂŒnfziger Jahre schrieb ich eine wöchentliche Spalte in der englischen
Musikzeitschrift 'Melody Maker'. Um den englischen Imitationen der amerikanischen Rhythm-and-Blues, Rock-and-Roll und Skiffle Bands einen Namen zu geben, erfand ich das Wort 'beat music', das sich mittlerweile in
389:
in 1963, the terms Mersey sound and
Merseybeat were applied to bands and singers from Liverpool, the first time in British pop music that a sound and a location were linked together. The equivalent scenes in Birmingham and London were described as
507:, which made for much greater access to American records and instruments like guitars, which could not easily be imported due to trade restrictions. As a result, Beat bands were heavily influenced by American groups of the era, such as
503:, social deprivation, and the existence of a large population of Irish origin, the influence of which has been detected in Beat music. It was also a major port with links to America, particularly through the
325:
literary movement of the 1950s. As the initial wave of rock and roll subsided in the later 1950s, "big beat" music, later shortened to "beat", became a live dance alternative to the balladeers like
1434:
1539:
4008:
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After the national success of the
Beatles in Britain from 1962, a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts, including
1426:
430:(make show) beat. The 8/8 rhythm was flexible enough to be adopted for songs from a range of genres. In addition, according to music writer
453:
and catchy tunes. The most common instrumentation of beat groups featured lead, rhythm and bass guitars plus drums, as popularised by
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1493:
1332:
1306:
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The exact origins of the terms 'beat music' and 'Merseybeat' are uncertain. The "beat" in each, however, derived from the driving
511:(from which group the Beatles derived their name, combining it with a pun on the beat in their music), and to a lesser extent by
499:
within
Britain to be the point of origin of a new form of music. Commentators have pointed to a combination of local solidarity,
1355:"Looking Back: 80 Mod, Freakbeat & Swinging London Nuggets - Various Artists | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic"
719:. AllMusic writes that "freakbeat" is loosely defined, but generally describes the more obscure but hard-edged artists of the
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426:, West Germany, where many English groups, including the Beatles, performed in the early 1960s and where it was known as the
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1540:"The British Are Coming! The British Are Coming!: The U.S.A. is invaded by a wave of long-haired English rockers"
1333:"Looking Back: 80 Mod, Freakbeat & Swinging London Nuggets - Various Artists | Songs, Reviews, Credits"
545:. These included bands from Birmingham who were often grouped with the beat movement, the most successful being
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Most of the groups that had not already disbanded by 1967, like the
Beatles, moved into different forms of
56:
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3638:
959:
The Beat Goes on: Liverpool, Popular Music and the
Changing City (editors Marion Leonard, Robert Strachan)
345:
magazine to describe the
British imitation of American rock'n'roll, rhythm & blues and skiffle bands.
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which the bands had adopted from their rock and roll, R&B and soul music influences, rather than the
52:
461:, and others. Beat groupsâeven those with a separate lead singerâoften sang both verses and choruses in
4221:
4216:
2911:
1307:"Joe Meek's Freakbeat: 30 Freakbeat, Mod and R&B Nuggets - Joe Meek | Songs, Reviews, Credits"
263:
17:
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By 1967, beat music was beginning to sound out of date, particularly compared with the "harder edged"
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1993:
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and not that of the music". The band the
Pacifics were renamed the Mersey Beats in February 1962 by
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movements, and would be a source of inspiration for subsequent rock music subgenres, including
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In the late 1950s, a flourishing culture of groups began to emerge, often out of the declining
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553:. Similar blues influenced bands who broke out from local scenes to national prominence were
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Outside of
Liverpool many local scenes were less influenced by rock and roll and more by the
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259:
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1988:
1427:"Various Artists: Nuggets, Vol. 2: Original Artyfacts from the British Empire & Beyond"
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Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Volume II: Performance and Production
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8:
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341:, who lived in England from 1933 to 1960, claimed to have coined the term in a column in
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1087:
Creating Black Americans: African-American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present
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Gladsongs and Gatherings: Poetry and its Social Context in Liverpool Since the 1960s
607:
422:
as "a changeless four-four offbeat on the snare drum"âwas developed in the clubs in
407:
285:. It rose to mainstream popularity in the UK and Europe by 1963 before spreading to
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1973:
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1963:
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The most distinctive characteristic of beat music was its strong beat, using the
382:
322:
278:
225:
98:
51:"Merseybeat" and "Mersey Sound" redirect here. For other uses of Merseybeat, see
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Britpop and the English Music Tradition (editors Andy Bennett, Jon Stratton)
699:
music developed mainly by harder-driving British groups, often those with a
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who were dominating the charts. The German anthropologist and music critic
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33:
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period of the mid to late 1960s. Freakbeat bridges "British Invasion mod/
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2018:
2013:
2003:
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1751:
1746:
1724:
1642:
1561:
Twist and Shout!: Merseybeat, The Cavern, The Star-Club and The Beatles
1509:
D. B. Scott, "The Britpop sound", in A. Bennett and J. Stratton, eds.,
771:
764:
736:
678:
477:
431:
370:
362:
282:
88:
3964:
258:, in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The genre melded influences from
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3029:
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2008:
1998:
1983:
1978:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1902:
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1457:
Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture
1139:
825:
799:
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581:
and rock bands who benefited from the beat boom of this era included
450:
395:
391:
302:
255:
177:
172:
157:
142:
1478:
All music guide to rock: the definitive guide to rock, pop, and soul
4123:
3905:
3782:
3767:
3711:
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3648:
3567:
3503:
3483:
3454:
3434:
3429:
3094:
3065:
3015:
2359:
2084:
2074:
1852:
1772:
1729:
1686:
1430:
1404:
1358:
1310:
1101:
R. Stakes, "Those boys: the rise of Mersey beat", in S. Wade, ed.,
740:
37:
3878:
1418:
3927:
3915:
3888:
3824:
3488:
3478:
3335:
3145:
3055:
3039:
2896:
2705:
2579:
2330:
2110:
1385:
803:
735:'s early solo work. Other bands often mentioned as Freakbeat are
646:
566:
495:
466:
423:
274:
108:
93:
3976:
3883:
3873:
3723:
2059:
1215:
1213:
1179:
1177:
1175:
443:
318:
293:. The beat style had a significant impact on popular music and
526:(who achieved a number one hit in the UK before the Beatles),
3849:
3817:
3804:
3777:
3755:
3691:
1611:
879:
Borneman, Ernest (1984). "Ăber die sexuelle Umgangssprache".
542:
352:. Liverpool lies on the eastern side of the river's estuary.
3218:
1258:
1246:
1210:
1172:
1159:
The Beatles as Musicians: The Quarry Men through Rubber Soul
629:
soon after led to chart success. During the next two years,
2984:
2821:
361:
was used for a Liverpool music magazine founded in 1961 by
2115:
4066:
881:
Sex im Volksmund. Der obszöne Wortschatz der Deutschen
681:
would have one or more number one singles in America.
912:"The Founders' Story 2 - Bill & Virginia Harry"
883:(in German). Herrsching: Manfred Pawlak. p. .
715:". The term was coined by English music journalist
365:. Harry claims to have coined the term "based on a
1330:
1301:
1034:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2010. pp. 41â46.
469:, with nonsense syllables in the backing vocals.
4158:
1602:Mersey Beat magazine, including history of genre
1089:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 261.
1105:(Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2001),
1470:
1233:Understanding Rock: Essays in Musical Analysis
3234:
3000:
1627:
1480:(Backbeat Books, 3rd end., 2002), pp. 1320-1.
1476:V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine,
1097:
1095:
992:Brum Beat: the Story of the 60s Midland Sound
1197:Urban Rhythms: Pop Music and Popular Culture
1025:
853:
851:
794:Beat was a major influence on the American
348:The 'Mersey' of 'Merseybeat' refers to the
254:that developed, particularly in and around
3241:
3227:
3007:
2993:
1634:
1620:
1270:
1092:
1021:
1019:
961:. Liverpool University Press. p. 11.
952:
619:, marked the start of the British Invasion
615:in the U.S., and subsequent appearance on
1534:
1459:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997),
1264:
1252:
1235:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997),
1219:
1183:
1161:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1145:
878:
848:
606:
476:
1511:Britpop and the English Music Tradition
1331:Richie Unterberger (29 November 2011).
1028:"Englishing Popular Music in the 1960s"
1016:
1009:P. Hurry, M. Phillips and M. Richards,
906:
904:
14:
4159:
1378:
3222:
2988:
1615:
1381:"20 best: UK psych records ever made"
1231:J. R. Covach and G. MacDonald Boone.
955:"Historical approaches to Merseybeat"
381:, and in April that year they became
2859:Rock music and the fall of communism
1424:
901:
1553:University of North Texas Libraries
1122:
596:
24:
1578:May, Chris; Phillips, Tim (1974).
401:
25:
4233:
1595:
1379:Norris, Richard (11 March 2012).
896:vielen Sprachen eingebĂŒrgert hat.
3200:
3189:
3188:
2966:
2955:
2954:
1437:from the original on 5 July 2015
1401:"Freakbeat Music Genre Overview"
1199:(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985),
55:. For the poetry anthology, see
2777:Progressive rock (radio format)
1503:
1483:
1449:
1393:
1372:
1347:
1324:
1295:
1225:
1189:
1151:
1116:
1076:
442:Beat groups usually had simple
297:, from 1960s movements such as
1641:
1055:
1003:
982:
946:
929:
872:
767:that was beginning to emerge.
13:
1:
3248:
1528:
3371:Contemporary Christian music
3014:
1513:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010),
1500:, retrieved 5 February 2011.
1000:, retrieved 5 February 2011.
935:B. Eder and R. Unterberger,
789:
684:
509:Buddy Holly and the Crickets
472:
121:Late 1950s â early 1960s, UK
57:The Mersey Sound (anthology)
7:
4067:
2807:List of years in rock music
1573:Let's Go Down to the Cavern
809:
695:Freakbeat is a subgenre of
623:The Beatles' appearance on
53:Merseybeat (disambiguation)
10:
4238:
2912:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
1425:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas.
1013:(Heinemann, 2001), p. 158.
861:(Polity, 2nd edn., 2007),
758:
688:
600:
541:and later directly by the
524:Gerry & The Pacemakers
446:-dominated line-ups, with
50:
31:
4187:20th-century music genres
4038:
3858:
3669:
3621:
3593:
3586:
3282:
3256:
3184:
3108:
3048:
3022:
2950:
2879:
2834:Electronics in rock music
2785:
2739:
2714:
2688:
2537:
2500:Hard rock and heavy metal
2293:
2225:
2160:
2153:
2103:
2027:
1994:Pub rock (United Kingdom)
1926:
1760:
1712:
1697:
1649:
943:, retrieved 16 June 2009.
859:Popular Music and Society
577:, but other London-based
573:was largely based around
312:
211:
206:
168:
163:
156:
151:
125:
117:
71:
66:
2812:Origins of rock and roll
1584:. Socion Books. London.
1011:Heinemann Advanced Music
841:
821:British rhythm and blues
659:Freddie and the Dreamers
579:British rhythm and blues
569:. From London, the term
32:Not to be confused with
29:Pop and rock music genre
4207:English styles of music
4202:British styles of music
2752:Adult album alternative
1282:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
547:the Spencer Davis Group
46:The Beat (British band)
4092:Popular music pedagogy
2844:Rock Against Communism
2243:Brazilian thrash metal
620:
491:
440:
4197:British music history
4097:Rockism and poptimism
2866:Rockism and poptimism
2326:British rock and roll
1496:23 April 2012 at the
1026:Jon Stratton (2010).
703:following during the
610:
513:British rock and roll
480:
436:
4087:Pop music automation
2701:Sahara desert region
1989:Pub rock (Australia)
1607:Merseybeat Nostalgia
1571:(updated version of
816:Category:Beat groups
626:The Ed Sullivan Show
617:The Ed Sullivan Show
487:The Ed Sullivan Show
398:Sound respectively.
4077:Honorific nicknames
3324:Paisley Underground
3195:Category:Rock music
3083:Paisley Underground
2892:List of rock genres
2854:Rock Against Sexism
2849:Rock Against Racism
2757:Album-oriented rock
1148:, show 27, track 4.
1065:(Continuum, 2003),
953:Ian Inglis (2010).
639:the Dave Clark Five
575:the Dave Clark Five
482:The Dave Clark Five
385:. With the rise of
4182:1960s in Liverpool
4177:1950s in Liverpool
3292:Adult contemporary
1559:Leigh, S., (2004)
1303:Richie Unterberger
1278:"British Invasion"
1083:Nell Irvin Painter
990:"Various artists:
836:Popular beat combo
621:
583:the Rolling Stones
501:industrial decline
492:
104:Brill Building pop
4222:The Beatles music
4217:Rock music genres
4154:
4153:
4136:Verseâchorus form
4082:Music and fashion
4034:
4033:
3741:Hong Kong English
3587:Regional variants
3257:Stylistic origins
3216:
3215:
3207:Portal:Rock music
2982:
2981:
2907:Progressive music
2735:
2734:
2173:Palm Desert Scene
2149:
2148:
1823:Experimental rock
1720:Instrumental rock
1590:978-0-903-98501-7
1563:(Nirvana Books),
937:"The Merseybeats"
729:the Pretty Things
307:psychedelic music
289:in 1964 with the
234:
233:
72:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
4229:
4212:Pop music genres
4192:British Invasion
4070:
3870:Balkan pop-folk
3591:
3590:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3204:
3192:
3191:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2970:
2958:
2957:
2827:Rhythm and blues
2802:British Invasion
2158:
2157:
2035:Alternative rock
1974:Post-progressive
1883:Psychedelic rock
1878:Progressive rock
1710:
1709:
1706:
1700:decade of origin
1636:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1556:
1544:
1522:
1507:
1501:
1489:R. Unterberger,
1487:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1305:(3 April 2007).
1299:
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1288:
1274:
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1262:
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1244:
1229:
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1208:
1193:
1187:
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1170:
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1143:
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1134:
1132:
1120:
1114:
1099:
1090:
1080:
1074:
1059:
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1052:
1050:
1048:
1023:
1014:
1007:
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986:
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979:
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950:
944:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
908:
899:
898:
876:
870:
855:
784:progressive rock
780:psychedelic rock
721:British Invasion
675:Herman's Hermits
651:Peter and Gordon
603:British Invasion
597:British Invasion
539:rhythm and blues
416:rhythm and blues
367:policeman's beat
291:British Invasion
271:rhythm and blues
216:British Invasion
138:psychedelic rock
126:Derivative forms
118:Cultural origins
84:rhythm and blues
64:
63:
21:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4030:
3938:French Mandopop
3854:
3665:
3639:Brazilian (MPB)
3617:
3582:
3278:
3269:Traditional pop
3252:
3247:
3217:
3212:
3180:
3104:
3044:
3018:
3013:
2983:
2978:
2946:
2875:
2795:
2781:
2767:Mainstream rock
2731:
2710:
2684:
2533:
2289:
2221:
2154:Regional scenes
2145:
2099:
2023:
1964:Industrial rock
1922:
1818:Electronic rock
1756:
1704:
1703:(sub-subgenres
1702:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1672:Electric guitar
1645:
1640:
1598:
1542:
1536:Gilliland, John
1531:
1526:
1525:
1508:
1504:
1498:Wayback Machine
1488:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1211:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1173:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1127:. BBC Liverpool
1123:Coslett, Paul.
1121:
1117:
1100:
1093:
1081:
1077:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1024:
1017:
1008:
1004:
987:
983:
973:
971:
969:
951:
947:
934:
930:
920:
918:
910:
909:
902:
891:
877:
873:
856:
849:
844:
812:
792:
782:and eventually
761:
705:Swinging London
693:
687:
671:the Mindbenders
611:The arrival of
605:
599:
571:Tottenham Sound
551:the Moody Blues
515:groups such as
475:
404:
402:Characteristics
383:the Merseybeats
339:Ernest Borneman
323:Beat Generation
315:
279:traditional pop
230:
226:Swinging London
202:
164:Regional scenes
147:
113:
99:traditional pop
60:
49:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4235:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4172:1960s in music
4169:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4107:Talent manager
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4042:
4040:
4039:Related topics
4036:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4011:
4009:SFR Yugoslavia
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3597:
3595:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3526:Schlager music
3523:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:Brill Building
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3198:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:Brill Building
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3109:Related styles
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2937:Wagnerian rock
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2902:Outlaw country
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2839:Social effects
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2567:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:Neo-rockabilly
2509:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2328:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2164:
2162:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1959:Heartland rock
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1803:Christian rock
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:Anatolian rock
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1682:Rhythm section
1679:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1596:External links
1594:
1593:
1592:
1576:
1557:
1548:Pop Chronicles
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:, pp. 103-122.
1502:
1482:
1469:
1448:
1417:
1392:
1371:
1346:
1323:
1294:
1269:
1265:Gilliland 1969
1257:
1253:Gilliland 1969
1245:
1224:
1220:Gilliland 1969
1209:
1188:
1184:Gilliland 1969
1171:
1150:
1146:Gilliland 1969
1138:
1125:"Cunard Yanks"
1115:
1091:
1075:
1054:
1040:
1015:
1002:
981:
967:
945:
928:
900:
889:
871:
857:B. Longhurst,
846:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
811:
808:
806:in the 1990s.
791:
788:
760:
757:
689:Main article:
686:
683:
643:Rolling Stones
601:Main article:
598:
595:
474:
471:
403:
400:
314:
311:
232:
231:
229:
228:
223:
221:Carnaby Street
218:
212:
209:
208:
204:
203:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
169:
166:
165:
161:
160:
154:
153:
149:
148:
146:
145:
140:
135:
129:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
73:
69:
68:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4234:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:Zhongguo feng
3727:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Dunedin sound
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3274:Rock and roll
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:Tin Pan Alley
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Dunedin Sound
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2942:Wall of Sound
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Rock festival
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2871:Women in rock
2869:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:Country music
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:Radio formats
2738:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
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2505:Extreme metal
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2226:South America
2224:
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2161:North America
2159:
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2020:
2017:
2015:
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1909:
1908:Southern rock
1906:
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1828:Flamenco rock
1826:
1824:
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1737:
1736:
1735:Rock and roll
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1705:not included)
1696:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Electric bass
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
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1577:
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1570:
1569:0-9506201-5-7
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
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1549:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1519:0-7546-6805-3
1516:
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1473:
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1465:0-19-509888-9
1462:
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1242:
1241:0-19-510005-0
1238:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1205:0-312-83469-1
1202:
1198:
1195:I. Chambers,
1192:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1167:0-19-514105-9
1164:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1126:
1119:
1113:, pp. 157â66.
1112:
1111:0-85323-727-1
1108:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1071:0-8264-6322-3
1068:
1064:
1061:J. Shepherd,
1058:
1043:
1041:9780754668053
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1006:
999:
995:
993:
985:
970:
968:9781846311901
964:
960:
956:
949:
942:
938:
932:
917:
916:Triumphpc.com
913:
907:
905:
897:
892:
890:3-88199-145-X
886:
882:
875:
868:
867:0-7456-3162-2
864:
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837:
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718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:rock and roll
692:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:Wayne Fontana
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
627:
618:
614:
609:
604:
594:
592:
591:the Yardbirds
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
528:the Searchers
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
489:
488:
484:appearing on
483:
479:
470:
468:
465:, resembling
464:
463:close harmony
460:
459:the Searchers
456:
452:
449:
445:
439:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:rock and roll
409:
399:
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388:
384:
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372:
368:
364:
360:
359:
353:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
335:Cliff Richard
332:
328:
324:
320:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:youth culture
292:
288:
287:North America
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:rock and roll
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
249:popular music
247:is a British
246:
242:
238:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
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210:
205:
199:
196:
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116:
110:
107:
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97:
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92:
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85:
82:
80:
79:Rock and roll
77:
76:
74:
70:
65:
62:
58:
54:
47:
43:
39:
35:
27:
19:
4141:Virtual band
4112:Talent agent
3622:The Americas
3531:Sophisti-pop
3425:Experimental
3350:
3205:
3193:
3115:
2971:
2959:
2927:Rock musical
2917:Rock concert
2762:Classic rock
2491:Yugoslavian
2336:Post-Britpop
2217:Puerto Rican
2210:Chicano rock
2090:Slacker rock
1813:Country rock
1782:
1778:Baroque rock
1581:British Beat
1579:
1572:
1560:
1546:
1510:
1505:
1491:"Merseybeat"
1485:
1477:
1472:
1456:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1395:
1384:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1232:
1227:
1196:
1191:
1158:
1157:W. Everett,
1153:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1118:
1102:
1086:
1078:
1062:
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1031:
1010:
1005:
997:
991:
984:
972:. Retrieved
958:
948:
940:
931:
919:. Retrieved
915:
894:
880:
874:
858:
793:
778:, including
769:
762:
753:Wimple Winch
725:the Creation
723:era such as
694:
655:Manfred Mann
635:Petula Clark
624:
622:
616:
570:
536:
521:
505:Cunard Yanks
493:
485:
441:
437:
427:
420:Alan Clayson
405:
356:
354:
350:River Mersey
347:
343:Melody Maker
342:
327:Tommy Steele
316:
244:
241:British beat
240:
236:
235:
207:Other topics
198:Group sounds
193:Italian beat
61:
34:Beat (music)
26:
4061:Teenybopper
4056:Sasaeng fan
4051:Bobby soxer
3805:Kazakhstani
3798:Shibuya-kei
3734:Chinoiserie
3687:Azerbaijani
3573:Traditional
3521:Psychedelic
3516:Progressive
3381:Bro-country
3319:Alternative
3302:Quiet storm
3151:Post-grunge
2772:Modern rock
2747:Active rock
2727:New Zealand
2555:Bangladeshi
2550:Azerbaijani
2185:Costa Rican
2141:Viking rock
2131:Stoner rock
2050:Gothic rock
1873:Occult rock
1848:Heavy metal
1838:Garage rock
1808:Comedy rock
1798:Chamber pop
1793:Boogie rock
1410:5 September
1364:5 September
1339:29 November
1316:29 November
1169:, pp. 37â8.
1131:31 December
831:Garage rock
796:garage rock
749:the Sorrows
733:Denny Laine
713:psychedelia
663:The Zombies
631:the Animals
613:the Beatles
555:the Animals
532:Cilla Black
517:the Shadows
455:the Beatles
387:the Beatles
379:Cavern Club
358:Mersey Beat
331:Marty Wilde
299:garage rock
133:Garage rock
42:Beats Music
4167:Beat music
4161:Categories
4129:Girl group
4102:Songwriter
3960:Macedonian
3933:French pop
3894:Turbo-folk
3850:Vietnamese
3840:Philippine
3768:Indonesian
3556:Electropop
3467:Orchestral
3440:Hypnagogic
3415:Disco polo
3176:Yacht rock
3166:Vocal surf
3141:Indie rock
3136:Dance-rock
3121:Beatlesque
3116:Beat music
3073:Jangle pop
3035:Rock music
3023:Influences
2932:Rock opera
2887:Beatlesque
2722:Australian
2641:Rock kapak
2624:Visual kei
2604:Indonesian
2447:Portuguese
2432:Macedonian
2427:Lithuanian
2306:Belarusian
2285:Venezuelan
2270:Ecuadorian
2253:TropicĂĄlia
2248:Samba rock
2080:Rock kapak
2070:Jangle pop
2065:Indie rock
2019:Yacht rock
2014:Visual kei
2004:Shock rock
1944:Dance-rock
1934:Arena rock
1918:Swamp rock
1913:Space rock
1898:Samba rock
1893:Roots rock
1868:Noise rock
1788:Blues rock
1783:Beat music
1752:Surf music
1747:Rockabilly
1725:Latin rock
1662:Distortion
1650:Components
1643:Rock music
1529:References
1455:E. Macan,
1335:. AllMusic
1287:23 January
1267:, show 48.
1255:, show 28.
1222:, show 30.
1186:, show 29.
772:rock music
765:blues rock
737:the Action
679:the Troggs
432:Dave Laing
428:mach schau
410:common to
371:Bob Wooler
363:Bill Harry
283:music hall
245:Merseybeat
237:Beat music
89:rockabilly
18:Merseybeat
4146:Worldbeat
4119:Teen idol
4046:Celebrity
4026:Ukrainian
4019:VIA music
3950:Hungarian
3923:Eurodance
3911:Nederbeat
3866:Austropop
3835:Pakistani
3830:Malaysian
3788:KayĆkyoku
3661:Nueva ola
3634:Argentine
3606:Afrobeats
3561:Futurepop
3551:Synth-pop
3536:Space age
3499:Pop metal
3408:Freestyle
3398:Dancehall
3361:Bubblegum
3297:Christian
3250:Pop music
3171:Worldbeat
3161:Soft rock
3156:Post-punk
3131:Bubblegum
3100:Power pop
3090:Pop metal
3061:Indie pop
3049:Subgenres
3030:Pop music
2670:Taiwanese
2653:Pakistani
2636:Malaysian
2564:1959â1975
2560:Cambodian
2522:Post-punk
2487:Ukrainian
2467:Slovenian
2437:Norwegian
2407:Icelandic
2402:Hungarian
2365:Nederbeat
2280:Uruguayan
2265:Colombian
2238:Brazilian
2233:Argentine
2195:Dominican
2136:Sufi rock
2126:Post-rock
2121:Math rock
2095:Trop rock
2045:Dream pop
2040:Deathrock
2009:Soft rock
1999:Punk rock
1984:Power pop
1979:Post-punk
1954:Glam rock
1949:Funk rock
1939:Cock rock
1903:Soft rock
1888:Raga rock
1863:Krautrock
1858:Jazz rock
1843:Hard rock
1833:Folk rock
1698:Genres by
1667:Rock band
988:B. Eder,
826:Freakbeat
800:folk rock
790:Influence
776:pop music
745:the Smoke
717:Phil Smee
711:/pop and
691:Freakbeat
685:Freakbeat
587:the Kinks
559:Newcastle
473:Emergence
451:harmonies
396:Tottenham
392:Brum Beat
355:The name
303:folk rock
256:Liverpool
178:Nederbeat
158:Freakbeat
152:Subgenres
143:folk rock
4124:Boy band
3989:Schlager
3972:Romanian
3778:Japanese
3761:Hindutva
3712:Mandopop
3697:Cantopop
3682:Assyrian
3649:Tropipop
3629:American
3611:Moroccan
3541:Sunshine
3504:Pop-punk
3484:Pop rock
3462:Operatic
3435:Hyperpop
3307:Rhythmic
3095:Pop-punk
3066:Twee pop
3016:Pop rock
2961:Category
2648:Nepalese
2619:Japanese
2575:Filipino
2545:Armenian
2517:New wave
2495:Art rock
2452:Romanian
2377:Estonian
2360:Indorock
2345:Croatian
2301:Albanian
2275:Peruvian
2180:Canadian
2168:American
2085:Shoegaze
2075:Rap rock
1969:New wave
1773:Art rock
1730:Pop rock
1687:Drum kit
1657:Backbeat
1538:(1969).
1494:Archived
1467:, p. 11.
1435:Archived
1431:AllMusic
1405:AllMusic
1359:AllMusic
1311:AllMusic
1243:, p. 60.
1207:, p. 75.
1073:, p. 78.
998:AllMusic
941:AllMusic
921:2 August
869:, p. 98.
810:See also
741:the Move
408:backbeat
394:and the
264:American
188:Big-beat
173:Brumbeat
38:Big beat
4004:Turkish
3999:Swedish
3994:Serbian
3984:Russian
3965:Äalgija
3955:Italian
3928:Europop
3916:New pop
3901:British
3889:Tallava
3809:Korean
3793:RyĆ«kĆka
3773:Iranian
3751:Bhangra
3707:Hokkien
3692:Chinese
3654:Mexican
3479:Pop rap
3472:Baroque
3376:Country
3366:Chamber
3331:Ambient
3146:New Pop
3056:Emo pop
3040:Doo-wop
2897:Motorik
2880:Related
2792:Culture
2789:History
2715:Oceania
2706:Zambian
2696:Angolan
2680:Turkish
2665:Russian
2614:Israeli
2609:Iranian
2592:Bengali
2580:Bisrock
2570:Chinese
2477:Swedish
2472:Spanish
2462:Serbian
2457:Russian
2422:Latvian
2417:Italian
2382:Finnish
2331:Britpop
2321:British
2316:Bosnian
2311:Belgian
2260:Chilean
2205:Mexican
2200:Haitian
2111:Britpop
1740:British
1543:(audio)
1441:10 July
1386:Factmag
974:20 June
804:Britpop
759:Decline
709:R&B
647:Donovan
567:Belfast
496:skiffle
490:in 1966
467:doo wop
424:Hamburg
377:at the
319:rhythms
275:skiffle
260:British
109:doo-wop
94:skiffle
4014:Soviet
3977:Manele
3884:Manele
3874:Chalga
3859:Europe
3746:Indian
3724:Xinyao
3717:French
3677:Arabic
3601:Africa
3594:Africa
3494:Jangle
3393:Cringe
3386:Cowboy
3284:Styles
2973:Portal
2689:Africa
2631:Korean
2587:Indian
2442:Polish
2392:German
2387:French
2350:Danish
2294:Europe
2060:Grunge
1588:
1567:
1517:
1463:
1239:
1203:
1165:
1109:
1069:
1047:2 July
1038:
965:
887:
865:
751:, and
677:, and
641:, the
530:, and
444:guitar
333:, and
313:Origin
3943:Yé-yé
3906:Dutch
3879:LaĂŻko
3818:South
3813:North
3756:Filmi
3702:Hakka
3644:Latin
3578:Wonky
3546:Swamp
3509:Power
3445:Indie
3420:Dream
3403:Dance
3346:Beach
3341:Avant
3312:Urban
2482:Swiss
2412:Irish
2397:Greek
2370:Ultra
2355:Dutch
2190:Cuban
2104:1990s
2055:Grebo
2028:1980s
1927:1970s
1761:1960s
1713:1950s
842:Notes
565:from
557:from
543:blues
448:vocal
252:genre
243:, or
44:, or
4068:Wota
3845:Thai
3783:City
3670:Asia
3568:Teen
3455:Twee
3430:Folk
3351:Beat
2822:Jazz
2675:Thai
2658:Sufi
2597:Raga
2538:Asia
2527:Punk
1586:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1443:2015
1412:2020
1366:2020
1341:2015
1318:2015
1289:2016
1237:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1133:2018
1107:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1049:2013
1036:ISBN
976:2013
963:ISBN
923:2019
885:ISBN
863:ISBN
798:and
774:and
669:and
589:and
563:Them
561:and
549:and
414:and
305:and
281:and
262:and
67:Beat
3825:Lao
3489:Emo
3336:Art
2116:Emo
1853:Jam
731:or
701:mod
183:VIA
4163::
1551:.
1545:.
1433:.
1429:.
1403:.
1383:.
1357:.
1309:.
1280:.
1212:^
1174:^
1094:^
1085:,
1030:.
1018:^
996:,
957:.
939:,
914:.
903:^
893:.
850:^
786:.
755:.
747:,
743:,
739:,
727:,
673:,
665:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
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