Merkava - Knowledge

2220: 1171: 898: 2316:(IED). This tank had additional V-shaped underside armor, limiting casualties to just one of the seven personnel (four crewmen and three infantrymen) on board. In total, five Merkava tanks (two Merkava IIs, one Merkava III, and two Merkava IVs) were destroyed. Of these two Merkava Mark 4, one was damaged by an IED, and the other being destroyed by a Russian AT-14 'Kornet' missile. The Israeli military said that it was satisfied with the Merkava Mark IV's performance, and attributed problems to insufficient training before the war. In total, 50 Merkava tanks (predominantly Merkava IIs and IIIs) were hit, eight of which remained serviceable on the battlefield. 21 tanks suffered armour penetrations (15 from missiles, and 6 from IEDs and anti-tank mines). 2533: 1431: 2392: 3072:, and is kept stationary by a travel lock while the vehicle is on the move. This gun has a maximum rate of fire of 9 rounds/min, and a range in excess of 40,000 m when firing an ERFB-BB round. Though loaded automatically, the gun may be cycled and fire manually if the need arises. While the gun is normally carried by a travel lock as with most other self-propelled howitzers while the Sholef is on the move, the weapon is stabilized and can actually be used for direct-fire while the vehicle is moving, giving it much greater self-defense ability than most other vehicles of its type. 1097: 1352: 615: 2323:, some analysts say the Merkava is too vulnerable to advanced anti-tank missiles, that in their man-portable types can be fielded by guerrilla warfare opponents. Other post-war analysts, including David Eshel, disagree, arguing that reports of losses to Merkavas were overstated and that "summing up the performance of Merkava tanks, especially the latest version Merkava Mark 4, most tank crews agree that, in spite of the losses sustained and some major flaws in tactical conduct, the tank proved its mettle in its first high-saturation combat." 517: 1109: 2752: 997: 2441: 3399: 982: 2373: 1085: 40: 1537: 2976: 3264:(Heavens), a Hebrew acronym for "future manned combat vehicle" (FMCV). The FMCV is planned to weigh 35 tonnes and have sufficient armor and weapons for both urban and conventional military operations. Instead of one multi-mission chassis, separate vehicles in distinct variants will perform different roles with all vehicles using common components. Vehicles are likely to be wheeled to maneuver in urban environments and move troops and equipment around in built-up areas. 7057: 6599: 3361: 1309: 2923: 2834: 2669: 2571: 7067: 6609: 5901: 3427: 3377: 5948: 2736: 2269: 5853: 2357:, as it had been received by the IDF in increasing numbers since 2006, replacing more of the Merkava II and III versions of the tank that were in service. One brigade of Merkava IVs managed to bisect the Gaza strip in five hours without Israeli casualties. The commander of the brigade stated that battlefield tactics had been greatly revised since 2006. Tactics had also been modified to focus on 1282: 1328:. Tank rounds are stored in individual fire-proof canisters, which reduce the chance of cook-offs in a fire inside the tank. The turret is electrically, rather than hydraulically, powered (hydraulic turrets use flammable liquid that ignites if the turret is penetrated) and "dry": no active rounds are stored in it. Some features, such as hull shaping, exterior non-reflective paints ( 1156: 3237:

to intercept anti-tank threats, reducing the crew size, and the type of main gun. Horsepower abilities and heavy and light track systems compared to a wheeled chassis were also considered. With future battlefield condition developments affecting design features, the vehicle may not be considered a "tank" in the traditional sense.

2422:. Before then, it was not suspected that Hamas possessed such an advanced missile. The missile penetrated the tank's armour, but caused no injuries among its crew. As a result of the attack, Israel decided to deploy its first Merkava Mark 4 battalion equipped with the Trophy system along the Gaza border. 3236:

The Merkava Tank Planning Directorate set up a team to study principles for a future tank and present ideas for an armored fighting vehicle to provide mobile firepower on a future battlefield. The team reviewed basic design principles including lessening its weight, armor thickness compared to an APS

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reported that the IDF had begun developing a successor for the Merkava series of tanks. The development was begun in part by the arrival of the Trophy active protection system. With the system's ability to intercept threats at a stand-off distance, there was a review of the need for vehicles like the

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Officials expect requirements for a range of configurations for FMCV light armored vehicles to be approved in 2014 and solicited to Israeli and American companies. The IDF hoped the FMCV family of vehicles would be operational by 2020. The program was named Carmel around 2016, and three contractors,

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in the Gaza Strip. The tank was lured into intervening in an attack on a settler convoy. The tank went over a heavy mine (estimated 100 kg TNT), which detonated and totally destroyed the tank. Four soldiers were killed in the blast. This was the first main battle tank to be destroyed during the

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In 2015 the IDF had begun a plan to take the old models out of storage and repurpose them as heavy armored personnel carriers. Cannons, turrets, and spaces used to store tank shells inside the hull were removed to create a personnel carrier that outperforms the lighter M113 APC. Converting hundreds

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to 1.5 during the 1982 Lebanon War to 1 during the 2006 Lebanon War proving how, even in the face of the improvement in anti-tank weaponry, the Merkava series tanks provide increasingly better protection to its crew. The IDF wanted to increase orders of new Merkava Mark 4 tanks, and planned to add

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and projectiles, especially for the personnel in the main hull, such as the driver. It also creates more space in the rear of the tank that allows increased storage capacity and a rear entrance to the main crew compartment allowing easy access under enemy fire. This allows the tank to be used as a

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service in 1965, with a view to Israel purchasing and domestically producing the vehicle. Two Chieftain prototypes were delivered as part of a four-year trial. However, it was eventually decided not to sell the Chieftain to the Israelis, as the tanks were already being supplied to Arab countries,

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mounted on a modified Merkava Mk 1 chassis. Many of these vehicles are Merkava Mk 1 that were retired after the Merkava Mk 2 and Merkava Mk 3 came into service. The Slammer has a long 52-caliber gun barrel that allows +10% range. Reload speed may be decreased to 1 for one minute every 10 minutes

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Rafael's prototype used a transparent cockpit design that also gave the two soldiers inside a 360-degree field of view. Its augmented reality systems allowed the crew members to quickly see targets, friendly forces and important locations. The Rafael tank also had “an autonomous mission support

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Charge loading is accomplished manually using a loading tray with the ignition primer being inserted automatically. All systems have a manual back-up so that, in the case of failure, the loading system may be operated partly or completely manually by only three crewmen, so allowing a continuous

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No tanks were damaged during Operation Protective Edge. The Merkava Mk 4M tanks, fitted with the Trophy Active Protection system, intercepted anti-tank missiles and RPGs on dozens of different occasions during the ground operation. During the operation, the system intercepted anti-tank weapons,

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The Merkava is equipped with a turret 12.7 mm caliber coaxial machine gun, which enables the crew to lay down fairly heavy cover fire without using the main gun (which is relatively ineffective against individual enemy combatants). Like the new remote-operated weapon station, the coaxial

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The Merkava Mark 3 was introduced in December 1989 and was in production until 2003. As of 2016, the Merkava III was the most numerous tank in frontline IDF service. Compared to the Merkava II, it has upgrades to the drivetrain, powertrain, armament, and electronic systems. The most prominent

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While the FMCV will be a fifth-generation vehicle as a follow-on to the Merkava IV, it will not be a replacement for the tank. The Merkava and Namer heavy tracked vehicles will remain in service for decades, while FMCV vehicles are to address entirely different operational requirements.

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The Mark II used the same 105 mm main gun and 7.62 mm machine guns as the Mark I, but the 60 mm mortar was redesigned during construction to be located within the hull and configured for remote firing to remove the need to expose the operator to enemy small-arms fire. An

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Some Merkava tanks are fitted with full medical and ambulance abilities while retaining their armament (but carrying less ammunition than the standard tank, having both ammunition racks in the rear removed). The cabin area is converted for carrying injured personnel and includes two

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The automatic loader has five main subsystems: projectile storage system; projectile transfer system; loading tray with flick rammer; charge loading tray and elevator for external charge supply; and projectile elevator for reloading the external storage or directly loading the gun.

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The Sholef can be ready to fire only 15 seconds after coming to a complete stop, and fire three projectiles in only 15 seconds. It is compatible with standard NATO 155 mm ammunition, and a total of 75 projectiles can be stowed in one Sholef, 60 of which are ready for combat.

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effort, which failed to produce a family of rapidly deployable lightweight ground vehicles, program officials say they learned from the American experience and that the FMCV was more focused and driven by simpler and more reasonable requirements based on cost considerations.

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Israeli-designed automatic transmission and increased fuel storage for increased range was installed on all further Mark IIs. Anti-rocket netting was fitted for increased survivability against infantry equipped with anti-tank rockets. Many minor improvements were made to the

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that accompanied them were found to have several defects and were withdrawn. Merkavas were converted into makeshift APCs or armored ambulances by taking out the palleted ammunition racks in storage. Ten soldiers or walking wounded could enter and exit through the rear door.

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According to Forbes, Hamas used flyers to disseminate advice for defeating the Merkava's Trophy active protection system. This advice included such things as: firing rocket-propelled grenades from 50 yards or closer; firing several RPG rounds in quick succession; using an

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By late 2016, the last conscripted brigade to operate Merkava 2 was scheduled to transition to Merkava III and Merkava IV tanks for battlefield missions, relegating the vehicles to reserve forces for border patrols during conflicts and conversion to personnel carriers.

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According to Soltam Systems, the 155 mm/52 caliber ordnance and automatic loader, or parts of the system, could be installed in other self-propelled artillery systems and used to upgrade other self-propelled systems such as the US-designed and built 155 mm

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The Terminal Units (TUs) are based on the 8031 controller for purposes of independent control of the drive elements according to a functionally determined division. With the assistance of the terminal unit, a local mode can also be used in working with selected

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armor pack for the underside. This modular system is designed to allow damaged tanks to be rapidly repaired and returned to the field. Because rear armor is thinner, chains with iron balls are attached to detonate projectiles before they hit the main armored

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The 65-tonne Merkava is not regarded as useful for missions other than conventional warfare. The Israeli Army Armored Corps wants a lighter and highly mobile vehicle for rapid-response and urban warfare situations that can fill multiple roles. In 2012, the

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medical station systems supplemented by a full medical team complement to operate under combat conditions with a Merkava battalion. The vehicle retains its rear door to facilitate evacuation under fire, and can provide cover-fire/fire-support to infantry.

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reported finding Kornet ATGMs on Hezbollah positions in the village of Ghandouriyeh. Several months after the cease-fire, reports have provided detailed photographic evidence that Kornet ATGMs were indeed both possessed and used by Hezbollah in this area.

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During the 2006 Lebanon War, five Merkava tanks were destroyed. Most of the tanks engaged were Merkava IIIs and earlier versions; only a few of the tanks used during the war were Merkava Mark 4, since by 2006 they had entered service in limited numbers.

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abilities and advanced processing systems, and a direct energy system capable of intercepting drones and cruise missiles. The Merkava Mark IV tank also has enhanced armor on top of the turret, providing more protection to the crew against drone strikes.

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After the war, many adjustments and additions were noted and designed, including the need for the 60 mm mortar to be installed within the hull and engineered for remote firing—a valuable feature that the Israelis had initially encountered on their

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Development began in 1970, and its first generation, the Merkava Mark 1, entered official service in 1979. Four main variants have been deployed. As of 2023, Merkava Mark 4 Barak is the latest version. The Merkava was first used extensively in the

574:, and most of its parts are manufactured in Israel. The Merkava was designed to provide maximum protection for its crew, and therefore its front armor was fortified and the engine placed in the front part of the tank, unlike most other tanks. 4518: 3202:

The main operational roles are: firing from internal storage; firing for elevator – ground-piled ammunition; loading from elevator – external pile; synthesising fire programs; unloading; manual firing; identification; and fusing and checks.

581:, the turret assembly is located closer to the rear than in most main battle tanks. With the engine in front, this layout is intended to provide additional protection against a frontal attack, so as to absorb some of the force of incoming 3306:

Elbit's model used its Iron Vision helmets, which works with cameras and sensors on the outside of the tank to give the soldiers inside a 360-degree field of vision. It is a variation on a similar helmet that the company created for the

5768: 3049:, along with a much smaller port just in front of it; the exact function of this port is uncertain, though the soot seen around it in photos of the Sholef suggests it may be a new or additional exhaust port, or perhaps an outlet for a 1159: 3149:

The high rate of fire can be achieved using the onboard ammunition supply or from ground-piled ammunition. The loading cycle is operated by two turret crewmen only, with the commander operating the computer and charge loader.

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The internal projectile storage contains 60 projectiles ready for automatic loading with the remaining 15 stored in other locations. The system enables the handling of all kinds of projectiles in use without any adaptation.

909:. The Mark 1 weighed 63 tonnes and had a 908 horsepower (677 kW) diesel engine, with a power-to-weight ratio of 14 hp/Tonne. It was armed with the 105 millimeter M64 L71A main gun (a licensed copy of the American 3029:

Development commenced in the 1970s. The project was considered of high national priority and incorporated the newest technological developments. Instead the Israeli Defense Forces selected an upgraded version of American

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On March 1, 2011, a Merkava Mark IV stationed near the Gaza border, equipped with the Trophy active protection system, successfully foiled a missile attack against it, marking the system's first operational success.

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The Merkava IV has been designed for fast repair and replacement of damaged armour, with modular armour that can be easily removed and replaced. It is designed to be cost-effective in production and maintenance.

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assembly is of the semi-automatic wedge type that contains an automatic primer feeding system that enables manual reloading of the primer without opening the breech. Turret traverse and weapon elevation is

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Giora Katz, head of Rafael's land division, stated that it was a "breakthrough because it is the first time in military history where an active defense system has proven itself in intense fighting."

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has a three-man crew (commander, driver, and RCWS gunner) and may carry up to nine infantrymen and a stretcher. An ambulance variant can carry two casualties on stretchers and medical equipment.

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The most sensitive areas of a tank, its optics, exhaust ports and ventilators, are all protected by a newly developed high-strength metal mesh to prevent explosive charges being planted there.

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By October 2010, the IDF had begun to equip the first Merkava Mark IVs with the Trophy active protection system, to improve the tanks' protection against advanced anti-tank missiles which use

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are responsible for final Merkava assembly. More than 90% of the Merkava 4 tank's components are produced locally in Israel by Israeli defense industries. Contributors to the vehicle include:

4545: 4125: 3045:, which is folded down when not in use. As such, the Sholef and Merkava series share a large percentage of common components. The front-left side of the chassis has a prominent exhaust 3764: 586:

platform for medical disembarkation (with no ammunition, the Merkava can hold up to 4 stretchers, but this is only an emergency measure), a forward command and control station, and an

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video game system; the tank had a large panoramic display, was able to assist the crew members in identifying targets and selecting weapons, and could drive itself in some terrains.

3128:. When travelling, the ordnance is held in position by a travel lock that is mounted on the forward part of the glacis plate and this is remotely operated from the crew compartment. 1166:

Merkava III shooting a shell, FN MAG and smoke grenade. It then turns on the smoke screen system. The demonstration concludes with the throwing a green smoke hand grenade (1 m 16 s).

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Rubber whip pole-markers with LED tips and a driver's rear-facing camera have been installed to improve navigation and maneuverability in an urban environment by day or by night.

2256:. A second Merkava II or Merkava III, was destroyed a month later in the same area and a further three soldiers were killed. A third Merkava II or III tank was destroyed near the 5490: 2471:, proving itself effective against man-portable anti-tank weapons. By identifying the source of fire, Trophy also allowed tanks to kill a Hamas anti-tank team on one occasion. 4944: 3121:

is rear. These may be partially obscured by track skirts, of which the Merkava Mk.III has ten panels, with a wavering underside, and little coverage of the sprocket or idler.

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On a comparison done by the armor corps newsletter, it was shown that the average number of crewmen killed per tank penetrated by missile/rocket was reduced from 2 during the

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By July 2012, details began to emerge of considerations for developing technologies for the new design. One possibility is the replacement of the traditional main gun with a

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In total, 15 tank crewmen were killed by these ATGM penetrations. The penetrations were caused by tandem warhead missiles. Hezbollah weaponry was believed to include Russian

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Each model of the Merkava has two roof-mounted 7.62 mm machine guns for use by the commander and loader and another mounted co-axially with the main gun. A 60 mm

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The Mark II was first introduced into general service in April 1983. It incorporated numerous small adjustments as a result of the previous year's incursion into Lebanon.

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based on a Merkava Mark 3 or 4 chassis. It can tow disabled tanks and carries a complete Merkava back-up power pack that can be changed in the field in under 90 minutes.

2481:, equipped with Merkava Mk 4M tanks, alone killed between 120 and 130 Hamas fighters during the ground fighting phase of Operation Protective Edge, according to the IDF. 3923: 5238: 3978:

The tank utilizes an electric turret and gun control system, designed by Elbit Systems, which comprises two electrical brushless motors, produced by Bental Industries.

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system, for autonomous mission planning, driving, and simultaneous operation of all vehicle weapon systems, all based on combat artificial intelligence capabilities”.

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modular armor system, designed for rapid replacement and repair in the battlefield and for quick upgrading as new designs and sophisticated materials become available

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The Merkava Mark 4 began development in 1999, and production in 2004. The upgrade's development was announced in an October 1999 edition of the military publication

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On 24 May 2024, The Al-Qassam Brigades reported having destroyed an Merkava MK 2 using a “Shawaz” explosive device in the Al-Qasasib neighborhood of Jabalia Camp.

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A maximum rate of fire of 9 rounds/min can be achieved due to the automatic computerised loading system, and a burst rate of fire of three rounds in 15 seconds.

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fired over 1,000 anti-tank missiles during the conflict against both tanks and dismounted infantry. Some 45 percent of all tanks and armoured vehicles hit with

1293:("At the Camp"). However, the Merkava Mark 3 remained in production until 2003. The first Merkava IVs were in production in limited numbers by the end of 2004. 4349: 3725: 3026:

The Slammer 155 mm self-propelled howitzer is based on a modified Merkava MBT chassis fitted with a new welded steel turret, designed by Soltam Systems.

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The commander's panel provides the means for the commander to control the automatic loader and has a dedicated keyboard and supporting electronic circuits

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On August 4, 2019, all three prototypes were tested. IAI's model was based on the company's existing unmanned, autonomous drone platforms, operated by a

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It is the first contemporary tank without a loader's hatch in the turret roof, because any aperture in the turret roof increases risk of penetration by

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Design criteria include rapid repair of battle damage, survivability, cost-effectiveness, and off-road performance. Following the model of contemporary

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and a reduced crew of two. The goals of the new tank are to make it faster, better protected, more interoperable and lethal than the prior Merkava.

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Standard equipment includes an NBC system of the overpressure type and an inertial navigation and aiming system designed for autonomous operations.

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machine gun, 60 mm mortar and smoke grenades. Like the Merkava Mark 4, it is optimized for high level of crew survival on the battlefield. The

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ordnance depot for full-time development and construction. After the new facilities were completed, the Merkava was announced to the public in the

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of Mark 4M tanks began in 2009, and the first whole brigade of Mark 4Ms was declared operational in 2011. The Trophy APS successfully intercepted

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The Mark 1, operational since 1979, is the original design created as a result of Israel Tal's decision, and was fabricated and designed for

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in theater, displays it on color screens, and distributes it in encrypted form to all other units in a given theater equipped with BMS.

7111: 5561: 5535: 5068: 4921: 4785: 4719: 2235:) that were used against it. It was judged to be a significant improvement over Israel's formerly most effective main battle tank, the 1402:) by troops. This system is designed to reduce track-shedding under the harsh basalt rock conditions of Lebanon and the Golan Heights. 5366: 4886: 7070: 6612: 4400: 1359:

The Mark 4 includes the larger 120 mm main gun of the previous versions, but can fire a wider variety of ammunition, including

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of Mark II chassis provides a low-cost way to upgrade support units' abilities to perform medical, logistical, and rescue missions.

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In 2014, Israel reported that exports of the Mk 4 had begun; the purchasing country's name was not disclosed for security reasons.

6871: 4216: 3311:. A number of other autonomous and AI systems also assist the soldiers inside in identifying targets and general decision-making. 3134:

The 155 mm 52 calibre ordnance and recoil system is of the companies well-proven type already used in its towed weapons. The

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Katz, Yaakov (August 13, 2009). "Security and Defense: 'The tank is one of the most technologically advanced platforms around'".

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for the tank commander, and new sensors enabling it to independently acquire targets and strike them rapidly, as well as having

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Russia Military Industries helped to design the KMT-4 & -5 anti-mine rollers and the ABK-3 dozer blade, now built by Urdan;

113: 3920: 2991:("Slammer", Hebrew slang for "Gunslinger") 155 mm self-propelled howitzer with an automatic loading system were built by 2544:", underlining its emphasis on counter-insurgency, street-to-street inner-city asymmetrical type warfare of the 21st century. 6652: 4555: 4029: 2501:

placed above the turrets. Slat armour has proven effective in defense against a number of munitions dropped by small drones.

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or guerrilla war threats, in addition to the conventional war scenarios that the Merkava had mainly been designed to combat.

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through use of an automatic loader. Ammunition racks are large. The Slammer is ready for autonomous operation (without an

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The Sholef's 155 mm/52 gun is an original design created by Soltam, though it bears a resemblance to South Africa's

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By 1974, initial designs were completed and prototypes were built. After a brief set of trials, work began to retool the

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A crew of four is required to fully operate the Sholef. Air conditioning and heating for the crew are provided, as is a

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more than 20 vehicles were operated with great success and post operation analysis recommended procuring more of them.

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HEAT warheads. Added protection systems included an Elbit laser-warning system and IMI in-built smoke-screen grenades.

1133:. This gun and a larger 1,200 horsepower (890 kW) diesel engine raised the total weight of the tank to 65 tonnes ( 960:, where a well-placed shot could jam the turret completely. The installation of chain netting to disperse and destroy 6292: 4670: 4476: 4163: 2962: 2881: 2716: 2618: 1473:

The tank has a high-performance air conditioning system, and can be fitted with a toilet for long-duration missions.

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The computer also controls the functioning of the gun. The Loader Control System (LCS) consists of five main units:

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The hull has the same ballistic protection as the Merkava Mk.III. The armor on the turret is sufficient to defeat

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and produces all of the system's logic equations. The unit transfers commands through the serial communications (

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The Merkava was used widely during the 1982 Lebanon War. The tank outperformed contemporary Syrian tanks (mostly

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to obscure the tank from the laser beam. Electromagnetic warning against radar illumination is also installed.

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The Loader Keyboard Panel (LKP) includes breech block closing switch, fire and local activation of the trays.

2452: 1726: 1705: 1517: 1147:, allowing it to track a target regardless of the tank's movement. Many other changes were made, including: 6023: 4985: 3701: 3257: 2540:

These are Merkava Mark 3 BAZ or Mark 4 tanks, converted for urban warfare. The LIC designation stands for "

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The Sholef's chassis, aside from a few minor modifications, is identical to that of the Merkava Mk 3. The

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BMS (Battle Management System; Hebrew: צי"ד), a centralised system that takes data from tracked units and

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In 2021, Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) was selected to lead the next phase of Carmel's development.

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For guiding operators and making round identification and fusing, the Operator's Panel (OP) includes a

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view of a tank's surroundings to crew members' helmet displays while protected inside. Israeli company

668: 5652:"Israel sells Merkava tank to foreign military for budget reasons: report - World News - SINA English" 5190:"The stars of Operation Protective Edge: the tanks that cracked the terrorist infrastructure of Hamas" 3526: 1528:

A midlife upgrade for the Mk. 4M that is somewhat of a bridge between the Mk. 4M and the Mk. 4 Barak.

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which can fire almost all versions of Western 120 mm smooth bore tank ammunition, as well as the

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Firing an ERFB-BB projectile, the 155 mm 52 calibre ordnance has a maximum range of 40,000+ m.

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machine-gun is fired from inside the tank without exposing the crew to small-arms fire and snipers.

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External two-way telephone for secure communications between the tank crew and dismounted infantry,

961: 578: 5637: 3856: 2532: 2391: 1430: 1140: lb), but the larger engine raised the maximum cruising speed to 60 km/h (37 mph). 6584: 6016: 5452: 3249: 2933: 2848: 2683: 2585: 2445: 2396: 2384: 2332: 2231:), and its front proved largely immune to the anti-tank weapons of the time (the AT-3 Sagger and 1545: 1482: 1463: 1451: 796: 753: 175: 45: 5189: 4830: 3109:

The running gear consists of six unevenly spaced rubber-tired roadwheels on each side, and five

864:.50 caliber heavy machine gun, aligned with the main gun and controlled from within the turret. 6494: 6190: 5606: 4550:(First ed.). Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. p. 110. 3330:. The sale would include 25–40 tanks at an approximate cost of $ 4.5 million each, and several 3241: 3188: 2787: 2541: 2304:

HEAT missiles. The RPG-29 was able to defeat the advanced reactive armor on the Merkava 4. The

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During the late 1960s, the Israeli Army collaborated on certain design aspects for the British

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has released video footage that suggested unsuccessful strikes against Merkavas using drones.

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computer, it was also capable of direct fire while on the move. It never entered production.

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based on the Merkava Mark 4 chassis. In service since 2008, the vehicle was initially called

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Independent, fully stabilised, panoramic commander's sights allowing "hunter-killer" ability.

1056:, with more armor on the top of the turret to improve protection against attack from the air. 949: 532: 6544: 5060: 4913: 4777: 4726: 6892: 5857: 5374: 4890: 2067: 1734: 1713: 655: 653:

periodical. The first official images of the tank were released to the American periodical

148: 6539: 1565:

A main feature of the Barak, unveiled in July 2018, is the integration of the Iron Vision

921:

mounted externally, with the mortar operator not completely protected by the tank's hull.

8: 7081: 7077: 6919: 6623: 6619: 6302: 4692: 4629: 3008: 3004: 2810: 2478: 2348: 2047: 1376: 1329: 1175: 1021: 877: 763: 719: 552: 394: 6322: 6297: 5893: 6903: 6564: 6469: 6277: 6249: 5824: 5018: 4949: 4572: 4220: 3903: 3228: 3091: 3087: 2980: 2644:

The "tankbulance" is not an unarmed ambulance and consequently is not protected by the

2418:

anti-tank missile at a Merkava Mark 3 tank stationed on the Israel-Gaza border near Al-

2319:

After the 2006 war, and as the IDF becomes increasingly involved in unconventional and

1553: 1544:

The Merkava Mark 4 Barak (Lightning) entered service in 2023. The tank has an upgraded

1333: 857:

is also fitted for firing smoke rounds or suppressing dug-in infantry anti-tank teams.

594:-style doors provide overhead protection when off- and on-loading cargo and personnel. 5805:

Merkava: A History of Israel's Main Battle Tank Der Kampfpanzer der Israelischen Armee

5651: 5467: 5422: 5239:"The Russians Are Wrapping Their Old T-62 Tanks In Drone Armor, From Tracks To Turret" 5091: 4422: 4392: 1443: 1351: 614: 6914: 6841: 6579: 6574: 6413: 6340: 6098: 5831: 5826:

The 188th Crybaby Brigade: A Skinny Jewish Kid from Chicago Fights Hezbollah—A Memoir

5037: 5010: 4860: 4755: 4666: 4551: 4492: 4472: 4159: 4025: 3895: 3676: 3095: 2645: 2336: 2320: 2257: 2022: 1999: 1505: 1420: 1387: 1345: 1037: 629: 5992: 5513:"Israel lightens up: Will replace heavy tanks with versatile light armored vehicles" 4186: 6714: 6676: 6403: 6088: 6071: 6051: 5914: 5709:"In first, Israel plans to sell vaunted Merkava tank to 2 countries, one in Europe" 5006: 5002: 3260:

drafted a program for development of a new family of light armored vehicles called

2043: 1882: 1718: 1697: 1676: 1659: 1643: 1364: 1255:), which included several components as prototypes to be introduced in the Mark 4. 1229: 1188: 932: 809: 802: 603: 591: 564: 556: 528: 315: 128: 108: 61: 5315: 2520:

the Israel Defense Forces modified some of their Merkavas to satisfy the needs of

2335:

to Merkava Mark 4 tanks, and to increase joint training between crews and Israeli

1332:

reduction), and shielding for engine heat plumes mixing with outside air (reduced

570:

The tank was developed in the Merkava and Armored Combat Vehicles Division of the

567:. The name "Merkava" was derived from the IDF's initial development program name. 6819: 6637: 6554: 4656: 4353: 3927: 3921:

In wake of last year's war in Gaza, Defense Ministry ramps up orders for new APCs

3411: 2751: 2517: 2464: 2297: 2253: 1968: 1951: 1693: 1672: 1655: 1570: 1497: 1489: 1395: 918: 914: 906: 854: 667:

The lead organization for system integration of the Merkava's main components is

582: 511: 502: 375: 123: 6459: 3835:"House of Commons Will Hold Debate on Issue of Sale of Chieftain Tanks to Libya" 3525:(Report). The Institute for National Security. November 20, 2014. Archived from 3106:

as the Merkava Mk.III is fitted. There is also a back-up collective NBC system.

6774: 6764: 6709: 6689: 6684: 6549: 6317: 6312: 6212: 6160: 4378: 3972: 3471: 3327: 3114: 3065: 2802: 2756: 2740: 2358: 2327: 2239:. Israel lost dozens of tanks during the conflict, including several Merkavas. 2236: 1897: 1689: 1668: 1647: 1435: 1337: 1313: 1130: 988: 945: 925: 910: 843: 835: 831: 683: 637: 309: 118: 3113:, the second from the rear of which is noticeably larger than the others. The 2440: 1870:

4 (tank commander, driver, gunner, loader). May carry infantry as passengers.

1481:

The Merkava Mark 4M (Mk 4M) Windbreaker is a Merkava Mark 4 equipped with the

7095: 6851: 6719: 6370: 6365: 6282: 5987: 5972: 5819: 5167: 5014: 3899: 3281: 3211: 3180:) to the computerised units and controls the display on the commander's panel 3110: 3076: 3031: 2521: 2404: 2293: 2057: 2054: 2038: 2025: 2002: 1973: 1956: 1730: 1709: 1459: 1424: 1297: 715: 404: 397: 381: 319: 5536:"Defense ministry unveils three prototypes for Israel's tanks of the future" 1259:

Upgraded and strengthened tracks (built by Caterpillar, designed in Israel),

1096: 6987: 6909: 6897: 6861: 6846: 6809: 6804: 6769: 6759: 6724: 6704: 6699: 6484: 6232: 6217: 6207: 6083: 5932: 4046:"Israel Military Industries 120 mm smoothbore tank gun MG251 (Israel)" 3135: 3125: 3103: 3099: 3069: 3050: 3038: 2637: 2460: 2415: 2372: 2301: 1509: 1417: 1238:

The Mark 3D has removable modular composite armor on the chassis and turret

1114:

Merkava Mark III Dor Dalet BAZ Kasag, the most advanced Merkava III variant

1033: 705: 644: 607: 548: 401: 255: 39: 5734: 2975: 1569:, using high-resolution cameras arrayed around the tank to provide a 360° 1536: 1300:, from the Merkava Mark 3D, is used on all sides, including the top and a 7011: 7006: 6969: 6833: 6739: 6524: 6464: 6332: 6237: 3404: 3173: 3061: 1439: 1182: 1050:, with thermal optics and unspecified updates to the fire control system. 1025: 861: 766:

MT883 1500 hp diesel engine powerplant and RENK RK325 transmissions;

728:

provides cabin air conditioning, crew cabin intercom and radio equipment;

679: 633: 442: 360: 6008: 5562:"Defense Ministry unveils 3 prototypes for Israel's tanks of the future" 4983:"The Israeli Arsenal Deployed against Gaza during Operation Cast Lead". 4278: 3907: 3883: 1102:

The more advanced, Merkava Mark III Baz model, with weaponry highlighted

957: 7035: 6941: 6936: 6881: 6856: 6829: 6754: 6734: 6534: 6529: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6390: 6350: 6345: 6259: 6128: 6123: 6103: 5997: 5977: 5967: 5339:"Al-Qassam Brigades operations on the 231st day of the "Al-Aqsa Flood"" 5141: 3192: 3083: 3042: 2947: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2498: 2051: 2034: 2019: 2011: 1996: 1988: 1084: 924:

The general design borrows the tracks and road wheels from the British

788: 693: 625: 618: 6993: 4323:"Israel's Merkava Mark IV Tanks Are More Drone-Proof Than Other Tanks" 3619:"Israel's Merkava Mark IV Tanks Are More Drone-Proof Than Other Tanks" 2285:(ATGMs) during the conflict suffered some form of armour penetration. 2247:

In February 2002, a Merkava III was destroyed by a roadside bomb near

659:

on May 4, 1977. The IDF officially adopted the tank in December 1979.

6744: 6729: 6428: 6418: 6380: 6360: 6355: 6242: 6165: 6155: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6093: 5607:"For the first time: the chariot tank will be sold to a foreign army" 3940: 3668: 3140: 3015: 2633: 2278: 1348:

to make the tank harder to spot and target by heat sensors and radar.

1029: 996: 981: 953: 935:, where Israel deployed 180 units. Although they were a success, the 544: 540: 4519:"Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000" 3360: 2922: 2833: 2668: 2570: 1308: 1108: 6947: 6866: 6799: 6779: 6135: 6076: 6043: 5982: 5937: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 3326:

In May 2012, Israel offered procurement of Merkava IV tanks to the

3041:

is unchanged, except for the addition of a support bracket for the

2387:. The Trophy protective system has been used by the IDF since 2011. 2312:

Another Merkava IV tank crewman was killed when a tank ran over an

2248: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2015: 1992: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1901: 1341: 936: 769: 709: 335: 194:$ 10 million (Merkava IV) (2014 price for sales to other countries) 20: 4257:"Israel Defense Forces test the Merkava 4 "Barak" tank prototypes" 3338:, it would strengthen Colombian armored forces against Venezuelan 2767:, which is also an abbreviation of Nagmash (APC) Merkava"), is an 1523: 1143:

The turret was re-engineered for movement independent of the tank

7029: 7016: 6958: 6794: 6474: 6307: 6222: 6064: 5947: 5119: 3245: 3124:

The ordnance is fitted with a fume extractor and a double-baffle

2786:(RCWS) armed with either a .50 M2 Browning Heavy Machinegun or a 2764: 1144: 725: 524: 4679: 4604: 4585: 689:

TGL SP Industries LTD develop and production of the road wheels.

6953: 6694: 6559: 6504: 6499: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6398: 6267: 6140: 6059: 5962: 5927: 5906: 5852: 5149: 3432: 3382: 3177: 3046: 2996: 2992: 2791: 2735: 2468: 2419: 2289: 2268: 1965: 1948: 1447: 1301: 792: 775: 735: 699: 611:

which prompted them to follow their own development programme.

5265:"Cope Cages Come To Israel As IDF Tanks Get Extra Drone Armor" 5115:"IDF armor-defense system foils attack on tank for first time" 1181:

Upgraded ammunition storage containers to minimize ammunition

1002:

Merkava Mark II with chain netting installed behind the turret

640:– when Israel had suffered heavy losses of mechanized armour. 7000: 6963: 6287: 6202: 6150: 5213:"Hamas Distributed A Handy Guide To Destroying Israeli Tanks" 4119: 4117: 3544:"Israel plans first sale of Merkava tank to European country" 3331: 2730: 2502: 2491: 2411: 2364:

The IDF also deployed the Merkava II and III during the war.

2232: 1907: 1881:

Cast and welded steel, in a spaced configuration with add-on

1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1574: 1513: 1406: 847: 779: 731: 551:. The current iteration of this vehicle also shares the same 339: 245: 5168:"התעניינות-עצומה-במעיל-רוח התעניינות עצומה ב'מעיל רוח מערכת" 4801:"Defense establishment favors Rafael tank protection system" 4279:"ברקע המלחמה באוקראינה: צה"ל מאיץ את שילוב טנק מרכבה סימן 5" 1560: 968:

before impacting the primary armor increased survivability.

7022: 6814: 6789: 6784: 6479: 6408: 6197: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6039: 5338: 4945:"New training aims to help tanks cope in hostile territory" 4760: 3593:"How Good is the Merkava Tank? (Pretty Good, It Turns Out)" 3339: 3308: 3300: 2497:

On 16 October 2023, Merkavas were seen equipped with added

2380: 2228: 2073: 1578: 1325: 1281: 873: 830:

The Merkava Mark 1 and 2 were armed with a 105 mm IMI

477: 431: 342: 4114: 3757:"America's M1 Abrams Tank vs. Israel's Merkava: Who Wins?" 928:, which had seen extensive use during the Yom Kippur war. 189:$ 3.5 million (Merkava IV for delivery to the IDF, FY2003) 6924: 3570:"Merkava Tanks: Are they world leading? - Technology Org" 3000: 2353:

The Merkava Mark IV was used more extensively during the

1476: 5588:"IAI to Lead Development of Israel's Future Carmel Tank" 5092:"IDF predicts violence to subside despite Gaza pounding" 4720:"Hezbollah's use of Lebanese civilians as human shields" 1247:

The last generation of the Mark 3 class was the Mark 3D

1129:

addition was the incorporation of the locally developed

1043:

Newer versions of the original Mark II were designated:

782:, ballistic, and fire-retardant materials used by Hagor; 5090:

Katz, Yaakov; Stoil, Rebecca Anna (December 21, 2010).

2211:

The Merkava has participated in the following actions.

1272:

Advanced thermal imagers for both gunner and commander.

4452:

Katz, Samuel M; Russell, Lee; Volstad, Ronald (1985).

2894:

The Merkava armored recovery vehicle initially called

860:

All Merkava tanks are fitted with a remote-controlled

5423:"IDF considering replacements for heavy Merkava tank" 5291:"Israeli Merkava Tanks Appear With 'Cope Cage' Armor" 4102: 4090: 5144:[Rescued 15 tanks: Armored Iron Dome Gaza]. 4471:. University of California Press. pp. 382–383. 4155:

Modern Israeli Tanks and Infantry Carriers 1985–2004

708:

designs and manufactures the electronic sensors and

692:

Urdan Industries assembles and constructs the hull,

5674: 5598: 5136: 5134: 4543: 3502:"Singapore looks out for Israeli defence interests" 3271:Although the program seems similar to the American 1851:3.72 m (12 ft 2 in), without skirts 1848:3.70 m (12 ft 2 in), without skirts 1218:) had several updates and added systems including: 1040:gave greater visibility and battlefield awareness. 6667: 5823: 5794:Cordesman, Anthony H; Sullivan, William D (2007). 5761:"Israel Plans to Sell Its Merkava Tanks to Cyprus" 5491:"Israel to Develop Family of New Armored Vehicles" 4544:Cordesman, Sullivan, Anthony H, William D (2007). 4451: 4187:"Merkava 4 Israel Defence Forces Main Battle Tank" 3446: 1838:9.04 m (29 ft 8 in), rear to muzzle 1833:8.30 m (27 ft 3 in), rear to muzzle 772:supplies Tadiran communication encryption systems; 228:Mark 4: 360 in service + 300 units being delivered 5793: 5288: 4610: 4598: 3364:A map of operators of the Merkava or its variants 2429: 1878:Cast and welded steel, in a spaced configuration 1840:7.60 m (24 ft 11 in), without gun 1434:A profile of a Merkava Mk 4M tank, armed with an 816:used in the Mark 4 turret and gun control system. 722:(FCS) and electric turret and gun control system; 19:For the religious/mystical uses of the word, see 7093: 5131: 5061:"IDF successfully tests new tank defense system" 4347:"IDF to trial Elbit's IronVision in Merkava MBT" 4243:"Israel To Equip Troop Carriers With Trophy APS" 3801: 3414:: Merkava AVLB armoured vehicle-launcher bridge. 1835:7.45 m (24 ft 5 in), without gun 1312:The Merkava Mark IV in its first public show at 931:The Merkava was first used in combat during the 5468:"The IDF's future tank: Electromagnetic cannon" 3644:"First 1650 Horsepower EuroPowerPack delivered" 3172:The Central Control Unit (CCU) is based on the 2272:The AT-14 Kornet anti-tank laser-guided missile 2260:, when one soldier was killed and two wounded. 1524:Mark 4 Meil Ru'ach 400 (Mk. 4M 400) Windbreaker 805:assisted with an Israeli-designed track system. 742:implement the optics and laser warning systems; 5735:"Army's Israeli-made AVLBs now for inspection" 3881: 3233:Merkava to have thick, heavy layers of armor. 1369:armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot 1178:increases the Merkava's accuracy and lethality 555:EuroPowerPack powerplant as a number of other 272:7.60 m or 24.9 ft (excl. gun barrel) 269:9.04 m or 29.7 ft (incl. gun barrel) 6653: 6024: 5879: 5445:"After the Merkava: The Next Generation Tank" 5038:"IDF launches massive Ground Forces exercise" 4019: 3726:"Merkava 4 MBT to commence series production" 2136:Vertical coil spring with rotary coil spring 1405:The model has a new fire-control system, the 44:Merkava Mk 4M Windbreaker, equipped with the 5630:"Israel Offers Merkava IV Tanks to Colombia" 4887:"Assessing the performance of Merkava Tanks" 4754:. Center for Special Studies. Archived from 4725:. Center for Special Studies. Archived from 4577:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3930:By YAAKOV LAPPIN, 05/05/2015, Jerusalem Post 3882:Whetten, Lawrence; Johnson, Michael (1974). 3435:: Discussing the purchase of Merkava Mark 3. 3292:, were to produce three prototypes by 2019. 2995:in 1984–86. The 45-tonne vehicle had a long 2898:(Hebrew: leopard), but subsequently renamed 2383:on the Gaza border. It is equipped with the 917:for anti-infantry defense, and a 60 mm 702:manufactures the 60 mm internal mortar; 5683:"Merkava-based AVLBs reach the Philippines" 5361: 5359: 3809:"The Knight That Gave Birth To The Chariot" 2999:gun barrel giving a range of 45+ km. Using 2862:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2775:(Hebrew: leopardess), but later renamed to 2697:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2599:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1584: 882:L-3 Communication Combat Propulsion Systems 876:turbocharged diesel engine was designed by 760:L-3 Communication Combat Propulsion Systems 291:2.66 m or 8.7 ft (to turret roof) 7066: 6660: 6646: 6608: 6031: 6017: 5886: 5872: 5759:Tibon, Amir; Yaron, Oded (June 22, 2023). 5758: 5732: 5488: 3837:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. June 17, 1969 3143:, with manual controls for emergency use. 2909: 2223:IDF Merkava I in the eastern Lebanon, 1983 2033:AVDS-1790-9AR 1,200 hp (895 kW) 1937:48 rounds, 10 ready in an electrical drum 1235:Added improvements in ballistic protection 820: 799:) coaxial and pintle-mounted machine guns; 606:which had originally been introduced into 283:3.72 m or 12.2 ft (excl. skirts) 7122:Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s 7071:List of modern armoured fighting vehicles 6613:List of modern armoured fighting vehicles 6038: 5796:Lessons of the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah War 5489:Opall-Rome, Barbara (December 16, 2012). 5336: 5210: 5089: 4775: 4685: 4616: 4547:Lessons of the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah War 3699:[Chariot tanks for generations]. 3675:. University of Michigan Press. note 16. 3117:is forward, and the conspicuously spoked 2963:Learn how and when to remove this message 2882:Learn how and when to remove this message 2717:Learn how and when to remove this message 2619:Learn how and when to remove this message 1888:Steel frame with modular composite armor 1561:Iron Vision helmet-mounted display system 956:was found beneath the rear of the turret 299:4 (commander, driver, gunner, and loader) 5818: 5726: 5356: 4798: 4778:"Why did Armored Corps fail in Lebanon?" 4625:"Ali Saleh: Destroying the Merkava Myth" 4298: 4296: 4147: 4145: 4143: 3884:"Military Lessons of the Yom Kippur War" 3590: 3359: 2974: 2750: 2734: 2531: 2484: 2439: 2390: 2371: 2267: 2218: 1934:46 rounds, 5 ready in a mechanical drum 1535: 1429: 1350: 1307: 1280: 1206:The 1995 Mark 3 BAZ (Hebrew acronym for 1169: 1154: 901:IDF Merkava I in the Golan Heights, 1987 896: 613: 5802: 5585: 5102:from the original on December 23, 2010. 4788:from the original on September 1, 2006. 4752:"Kornet ATGMs captured in Ghandouriyeh" 4151: 4108: 4096: 3755:Roblin, Sebastien (December 31, 2016). 3750: 3748: 3746: 3730:www.defenceprocurementinternational.com 3334:APCs. With the threat of the expanding 2784:Samson Remote Controlled Weapon Station 2444:Merkava Mk 4M Windbreaker, fitted with 1862:2.66 m (8.7 ft), turret roof 1859:2.65 m (8.7 ft), turret roof 1567:helmet-mounted augmented reality system 1423:and the fire-control system can launch 7094: 5680: 5604: 5289:Joseph Trevithick (October 16, 2023). 5156:from the original on February 8, 2015. 5048:from the original on October 20, 2010. 5035: 4858: 4840:from the original on February 22, 2011 4658:Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets 4622: 4123: 4056:from the original on November 1, 2010. 4020:Dunstan, Simon; Sarson, Peter (2003). 3754: 3418: 2820: 2557: 2342: 1477:Mark 4 Meil Ru'ach (Mk 4M) Windbreaker 762:produces licensed copies of Germany's 662: 374:1 × 60 mm (2.4 in) internal 6641: 6012: 5867: 5627: 5478:from the original on January 3, 2013. 5433:from the original on January 9, 2013. 5318:. Norfolk Tank Museum. March 27, 2015 5112: 5058: 5052: 4911: 4811:from the original on November 3, 2013 4686:Blomfield, Adrian (August 15, 2006). 4499:from the original on November 4, 2013 4493:"Israel investigates Gaza tank blast" 4466: 4433:from the original on November 5, 2016 4371:"Israel at Eurosatory 2010 - Merkava" 4293: 4254: 4140: 3951:from the original on December 1, 2017 3767:from the original on December 1, 2017 3248:. Other improvements could include a 3221: 1386:(tracks, springs, and wheels system) 1382:The Mark IV has the Israeli-designed 880:and is manufactured under license by 510: 6749: 5533: 5465: 5178:from the original on March 16, 2016. 5127:from the original on April 26, 2015. 4967: 4942: 4867:from the original on January 7, 2009 4859:Marcus, Jonathan (August 15, 2006). 4776:Greenberg, Hanan (August 29, 2006). 4197:from the original on August 13, 2006 3743: 3667: 3591:Mizokami, Kyle (November 18, 2020). 3368: 2945:adding citations to reliable sources 2916: 2860:adding citations to reliable sources 2827: 2695:adding citations to reliable sources 2662: 2655: 2597:adding citations to reliable sources 2564: 2367: 834:gun, a license-built variant of the 535:(IDF) and the backbone of the IDF's 5733:Nepomuceno, Priam (July 14, 2022). 5262: 5200:from the original on July 15, 2015. 5071:from the original on August 9, 2009 5036:Lappin, Yaakov (October 13, 2010). 4799:Barzilai, Amnon (August 30, 2006). 3508: 3482:from the original on April 17, 2017 2536:Merkava Mk 3D Baz with LIC upgrades 2263: 2214: 2050:883) 1,500 hp (1,119 kW) 1493: 1400:מערכת זחלים קפיצים ומרכובים, מזקו"ם 1399: 842:, and the Mark 4 are armed with an 506: 488:55 km/h (34 mph) off road 365:3 × 7.62 mm (0.300 in) MG 13: 5812: 5771:from the original on June 25, 2023 5706: 5662:from the original on March 4, 2016 5617:from the original on May 24, 2016. 5534:Groß, Judah Ari (August 4, 2019). 5519:. January 16, 2013. Archived from 4861:"Tough lessons for Israeli armour" 4688:"Israel humbled by arms from Iran" 4022:Centurion Universal Tank 1943–2003 3863:. HowStuffWorks. November 20, 2007 3815:. Military quotes. January 7, 2004 3098:rounds. The armor is augmented by 2242: 2180:400–500 km (250–310 mi) 2158:0.45 m (1 ft 6 in) 2155:0.53 m (1 ft 9 in) 1964:1 × internally-mounted 60 mm 1947:1 × externally-mounted 60 mm 1531: 1416:notifies the crew of threats like 971: 718:delivers the ballistics computer, 485:64 km/h (40 mph) on road 338:smoothbore gun, capable of firing 14: 7133: 7112:Main battle tanks of the Cold War 5845: 5586:Saballa, Joe (October 12, 2021). 5559: 5451:. August 14, 2011. Archived from 5399:. Israeli Weapons. Archived from 4924:from the original on June 9, 2008 4623:Nazzal, Mohamed (July 12, 2012). 4078:from the original on May 26, 2008 4001:from the original on May 26, 2008 3290:Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) 3014:The Slammer is a heavily armored 2206: 1931:53 to 62 rounds, 6 per container 1496:; "Windbreaker" or "Wind Coat"). 1276: 1174:Merkava IIID Baz fires – the Baz 1074: 892: 682:manufactures the 105 mm and 7065: 7056: 7055: 6607: 6598: 6597: 5946: 5899: 5851: 5681:Arthur, Gordon (July 15, 2022). 4943:Katz, Yaakov (August 31, 2007). 4912:Egozy, Aryeh (August 20, 2007). 4889:. Defense Update. Archived from 4665:. August 30, 2012. p. 326. 4403:from the original on May 6, 2016 4219:. Defense Update. Archived from 3425: 3397: 3375: 3350:armoured vehicle-launched bridge 3191:with fixed instructions and one 2921: 2832: 2788:Mk 19 Automatic Grenade Launcher 2759:68th Independence Day exhibition 2667: 2569: 1488:(APS), designated "Meil Ruach" ( 1121:Variants of the Merkava Mark III 1107: 1095: 1083: 995: 980: 359:1 × 12.7 mm (0.50 in) 38: 7117:Post–Cold War main battle tanks 5787: 5752: 5700: 5644: 5621: 5579: 5553: 5527: 5505: 5482: 5459: 5437: 5415: 5389: 5330: 5308: 5282: 5263:Axe, David (October 16, 2023). 5256: 5236: 5230: 5204: 5182: 5160: 5106: 5083: 5059:Weiss, Efrat (August 7, 2009). 5029: 4999:Institute for Palestine Studies 4976: 4961: 4936: 4905: 4879: 4852: 4823: 4792: 4769: 4744: 4712: 4649: 4537: 4511: 4485: 4460: 4445: 4415: 4385: 4363: 4340: 4320: 4314: 4271: 4248: 4235: 4209: 4179: 4152:Gelbart, Marsh (May 20, 2012). 4124:Donald, David (June 14, 2010). 4060: 4038: 4013: 3983: 3963: 3933: 3914: 3875: 3849: 3827: 3779: 3718: 3689: 3661: 3616: 2932:needs additional citations for 1452:Trophy active protection system 754:Trophy active protection system 746:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems 686:main guns and their ammunition; 621:with a Merkava tank model, 2005 46:Trophy active protection system 6669:Tanks of the post–Cold War era 5466:Katz, Yaakov (July 12, 2012). 5367:"LIC Modeled Merkava Mk-3 Baz" 5211:David Axe (October 15, 2023). 5023:10.1525/jps.2009.XXXVIII.3.175 5007:10.1525/jps.2009.XXXVIII.3.175 4995:University of California Press 4304:"Meet the Merkava Mk. 4 Barak" 4255:Egozi, Arie (April 15, 2023). 4245:Defense News, January 28, 2016 3636: 3610: 3584: 3562: 3536: 3494: 3464: 2527: 2511: 2430:Operation Protective Edge 2014 1264:Rafael Overhead Weapon Station 844:IMI 120 mm smoothbore gun 750:Rafael Overhead Weapon Station 597: 210: 94: 1: 7049:Cancelled or derelict project 5113:Harel, Amos (March 1, 2011). 4611:Cordesman & Sullivan 2007 4599:Cordesman & Sullivan 2007 4050:Armour and Artillery Upgrades 3787:"Israel and Depleted Uranium" 3439: 3162:firing rate of 4 rounds/min. 2790:. It also has a 7.62 mm 2395:Merkava IV equipped with the 1757:MANTAK (Merkava Tank Office) 1749:MANTAK (Merkava Tank Office) 1577:developed the system for the 1458:The tank carries the Israeli 1340:, were carried over from the 1201: 884:(formerly General Dynamics). 5628:Egozi, Arie (May 17, 2012). 5605:Etzion, Udi (June 8, 2014). 4986:Journal of Palestine Studies 4469:Asad: The Struggle for Syria 4126:"Merkava Mk IV breaks cover" 3857:"Chieftain Main Battle Tank" 3355: 3102:, and the same overpressure 2333:Trophy active defense system 2141:Total vertical wheel travel 2133:Vertical double coil spring 2084:acceleration 0–32 km/h 1242: 825: 650:International Defense Review 400:1119 kW (1501 hp) 7: 7107:Main battle tanks of Israel 5196:. Israel. August 25, 2014. 2979:Sholef in Beit ha-Totchan, 2902:(Hebrew: leopardess) is an 2314:improvised explosive device 2200:64 km/h (40 mph) 2197:60 km/h (37 mph) 2194:55 km/h (34 mph) 2191:46 km/h (29 mph) 2079:Renk RK 325 (5 fwd, 2 rev) 887: 867: 572:Israeli Ministry of Defense 191:(c. $ 5.85 million, FY2023) 139:Operation Pillar of Defense 10: 7138: 5337:Gaza-Safa (May 24, 2024). 4663:Cambridge University Press 4495:. BBC. February 15, 2002. 4375:Israel Ministry of Defense 3789:. Salem-News. May 13, 2010 2728: 2433: 2346: 2183:500 km (310 mi) 1916:120 mm (4.7 in) 1906:120 mm (4.7 in) 1896:105 mm (4.1 in) 1228:Locally developed central 850:anti-tank guided missile. 669:Israel Military Industries 334:120 mm (4.7 in) 18: 7044: 6977:Main Ground Combat System 6880: 6828: 6675: 6593: 6427: 6389: 6331: 6258: 6050: 5955: 5944: 5913: 4914:"IDF mulls spending plan" 4454:Armies in Lebanon 1982–84 4358:IHS Jane's Defence Weekly 4259:. Defence Industry Europe 4175:– via Google Books. 4158:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 3970:"Merkava Mk-4 Detailed". 3321: 2815:Operation Protective Edge 2782:Namer is equipped with a 2769:infantry fighting vehicle 2650:armored personnel carrier 2494:, and other information. 2453:Operation Protective Edge 2436:Operation Protective Edge 2283:anti-tank guided missiles 2182: 2165: 2157: 2154: 2146: 2143: 2135: 2132: 2072: 2070:CD850-6BX (2 fwd, 1 rev) 1961: 1930: 1895: 1887: 1869: 1861: 1858: 1847: 1837: 1832: 1795: 1756: 1748: 1740: 1731:Operation Protective Edge 1727:2014 Israel–Gaza conflict 1710:Operation Protective Edge 1706:2014 Israel–Gaza conflict 1632: 1607: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1518:Operation Protective Edge 1502:rocket-propelled grenades 1373:kinetic energy penetrator 962:rocket propelled grenades 812:subsidiary, produced the 588:infantry fighting vehicle 476: 472:500 km (310 mi) 464: 456: 452:0.45 m (1.5 ft) 448: 438: 427: 419: 411: 390: 348: 326: 308: 303: 295: 287: 279: 262: 240: 235: 209: 201: 182: 170: 162: 157: 144:Operation Protective Edge 101: 88: 80: 75: 68:Place of origin 67: 57: 50:Operation Protective Edge 37: 30: 6565:Vickers MBT Mk 4 Valiant 5343:Palestinian Press Agency 4696:. London. Archived from 4281:. Walla!. March 10, 2022 2904:armored recovery vehicle 2449:active protection system 1585:Specifications of models 1486:active protection system 1450:, and equipped with the 1361:high-explosive anti-tank 1318:Israeli Independence Day 748:builds and installs the 696:, and turret assemblies; 579:self-propelled howitzers 16:Israeli main battle tank 5807:. Tankograd Publishing. 5803:Gelbart, Marsh (2005). 5142:"אמיר בוחבוט יום רביעי" 4467:Seale, Patrick (1989). 4352:April 19, 2017, at the 3697:"טנקי המרכבה לדורותיהם" 3673:Defending the Holy Land 821:General characteristics 791:supplies 7.62 mm ( 628:, who was serving as a 5739:Philippine News Agency 4377:. 2010. Archived from 4217:"Merkava Mk4 Detailed" 4024:. Osprey. p. 13. 3813:Armored Corps Magazine 3365: 3250:hybrid-electric engine 3246:electromagnetic cannon 3189:liquid-crystal display 2984: 2760: 2748: 2542:low intensity conflict 2537: 2455: 2400: 2399:active defense system. 2388: 2273: 2224: 2076:RK 304 (4 fwd, 4 rev) 2010:AVDS-1790-7A 950 1987:AVDS-1790-6A 908 1686:South Lebanon Conflict 1665:South Lebanon Conflict 1652:South Lebanon Conflict 1550:helmet-mounted display 1541: 1455: 1414:laser warning receiver 1356: 1321: 1286: 1285:Merkava Mark IV firing 1179: 1167: 1026:meteorological sensors 902: 694:drive- and powertrains 673:Israeli Ordnance Corps 622: 590:. The rear entrance's 370:Mk 19 grenade launcher 114:South Lebanon conflict 6931:M8 armored gun system 6628:Tanks in the Cold War 6490:M8 armored gun system 5640:on November 11, 2013. 5566:www.timesofisrael.com 4521:. MFA. Archived from 4308:Israel Defense Forces 4136:on September 7, 2012. 3926:May 28, 2015, at the 3761:The National Interest 3648:www.mtu-solutions.com 3597:The National Interest 3532:on November 24, 2015. 3390:Israeli Ground Forces 3363: 3273:Future Combat Systems 2978: 2754: 2738: 2535: 2485:2023 Israel-Hamas War 2443: 2394: 2375: 2271: 2222: 1634:Israel Defense Forces 1539: 1433: 1354: 1320:celebrations in 2002. 1311: 1284: 1193:Incorporation of the 1173: 1165: 900: 838:. The Mark 3, Mark 3 808:Bental Industries, a 617: 533:Israel Defense Forces 449:Ground clearance 420:Payload capacity 5860:at Wikimedia Commons 5523:on February 2, 2014. 5501:on February 6, 2014. 5455:on October 16, 2013. 5174:. October 13, 2014. 5001:: 180. Spring 2009. 4765:on November 4, 2013. 4241:Barbara Opall-Rome, 3490:– via Haaretz. 3478:. October 17, 2003. 2941:improve this article 2856:improve this section 2691:improve this section 2593:improve this section 2031:Teledyne Continental 2008:Teledyne Continental 1985:Teledyne Continental 1928:Ammunition capacity 1262:Installation of the 1090:The Merkava Mark III 915:7.62 mm machine guns 840:Dor Dalet BAZ kassag 795:) and 12.7 mm ( 656:Armed Forces Journal 7082:Tank classification 7078:History of the tank 7061:Post–Cold War tanks 6920:Kaplan MT / Harimau 6624:Tank classification 6620:History of the tank 5540:The times of Israel 4693:The Daily Telegraph 4637:on October 12, 2013 3702:Ministry of Defense 3419:Potential operators 3336:Venezuelan military 3005:inertial navigation 2811:Operation Cast Lead 2349:Operation Cast Lead 2343:Operation Cast Lead 2300:, and laser-guided 2188:Maximum road speed 1942:Secondary armament 1741:Production history 1412:. An Amcoram LWS-2 1355:Merkava Mk 4M, 2016 1336:) to confuse enemy 1330:radar cross-section 1176:Fire-control system 1022:fire-control system 1009:The Merkava Mark II 987:Merkava Mark II at 720:fire-control system 663:Primary contractors 7102:Israeli inventions 6983:Marder medium tank 6545:Spähpanzer SP I.C. 6470:Expeditionary Tank 6278:M41 Walker Bulldog 5560:Gross, Judah Ari. 5472:The Jerusalem Post 5427:The Jerusalem Post 5096:The Jerusalem Post 5042:The Jerusalem Post 4970:The Jerusalem Post 4957:on April 29, 2011. 4950:The Jerusalem Post 3945:defense-update.com 3460:. Israeli weapons. 3366: 3229:The Jerusalem Post 3226:On July 14, 2011, 3222:Successor (Carmel) 3092:blast overpressure 3007:, and an internal 2987:Two prototypes of 2985: 2761: 2749: 2538: 2456: 2410:In December 2010, 2401: 2389: 2274: 2225: 2177:Operational range 1613:In active service 1581:fighter aircraft. 1554:electronic warfare 1542: 1540:Merkava Mk 4 Barak 1516:before and during 1506:anti-tank missiles 1456: 1421:anti-tank missiles 1357: 1334:infrared signature 1322: 1287: 1225:protection systems 1180: 1168: 1038:image intensifiers 903: 623: 531:(MBT) used by the 527:") is a series of 512:[mɛʁkaˈva] 457:Fuel capacity 176:IDF Ordnance Corps 158:Production history 7089: 7088: 6915:CV90105 / CV90120 6635: 6634: 6580:WZ-132 light tank 6575:WZ-111 heavy tank 6540:Spähpanzer Ru 251 6099:CM-11 Brave Tiger 6006: 6005: 5856:Media related to 5707:Fabian, Emanuel. 5517:The World tribune 5429:. July 14, 2011. 5316:"Types of Armour" 5152:. July 30, 2014. 4997:on behalf of the 4700:on April 16, 2008 4557:978-0-89206-505-9 4427:Main battle tanks 4397:Main battle tanks 4223:on April 26, 2014 4031:978-1-84176-387-3 3369:Current operators 3348:In July 2022, an 3096:heavy machine gun 2973: 2972: 2965: 2910:Merkava Howitzer 2892: 2891: 2884: 2727: 2726: 2719: 2646:Geneva Convention 2629: 2628: 2621: 2368:Gaza border areas 2321:guerrilla warfare 2258:Kissufim Crossing 2204: 2203: 2152:Ground clearance 1893:Primary armament 1388:caterpillar track 1346:Israeli Air Force 1253:Fourth Generation 1216:Shining Lightning 1189:laser designators 1163: 966:anti-tank rockets 872:The tank's 1,119 630:brigade commander 529:main battle tanks 495: 494: 7129: 7069: 7068: 7059: 7058: 7050: 7032: 7025: 7003: 6996: 6979: 6972: 6950: 6933: 6906: 6715:K2 Black Panther 6662: 6655: 6648: 6639: 6638: 6611: 6610: 6601: 6600: 6570:Vickers MBT Mk 7 6298:SK-105 Kürassier 6250:Vickers MBT Mk 3 6238:Vickers MBT Mk 1 6033: 6026: 6019: 6010: 6009: 5950: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5865: 5864: 5855: 5841: 5829: 5808: 5799: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5656:english.sina.com 5648: 5642: 5641: 5636:. Archived from 5625: 5619: 5618: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5592:The Defense Post 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5497:. Archived from 5486: 5480: 5479: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5403:on June 17, 2008 5393: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5377:on June 27, 2007 5373:. Archived from 5363: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5033: 5027: 5026: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4953:. 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June 9, 2010. 3937: 3931: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3752: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3520: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3450: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3309:F-35 fighter jet 3258:Defense Ministry 2968: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2925: 2917: 2887: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2867: 2836: 2828: 2745:Independence Day 2722: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2702: 2671: 2663: 2624: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2573: 2565: 2379:Merkava Mk. IVm 2264:2006 Lebanon War 2215:1982 Lebanon War 2144:295–380 mm 2130:Suspension type 2044:General Dynamics 1885:on turret sides 1883:composite armour 1735:Israel–Hamas war 1719:2006 Lebanon War 1714:Israel–Hamas war 1698:2006 Lebanon War 1677:2006 Lebanon War 1660:2006 Lebanon War 1644:1982 Lebanon War 1608:Service history 1589: 1588: 1495: 1401: 1390:system, called " 1367:rounds like the 1230:air-conditioning 1164: 1139: 1138: 1111: 1099: 1087: 999: 984: 950:2" Mk.III mortar 933:1982 Lebanon War 814:brushless motors 810:TAT Technologies 565:1982 Lebanon War 522: 521: 520: 514: 508: 479: 254: 253: 212: 149:Israel–Hamas war 129:2006 Lebanon War 109:1982 Lebanon War 62:Main battle tank 42: 33: 28: 27: 7137: 7136: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7092: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7048: 7040: 7028: 7021: 6999: 6992: 6975: 6968: 6946: 6929: 6902: 6885: 6876: 6872:ZTD-05 / ZLT-05 6824: 6671: 6666: 6636: 6631: 6589: 6555:T95 medium tank 6432: 6423: 6385: 6327: 6254: 6191:Lion of Babylon 6046: 6037: 6007: 6002: 5951: 5942: 5909: 5900: 5898: 5892: 5848: 5838: 5815: 5813:Further reading 5790: 5785: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5757: 5753: 5743: 5741: 5731: 5727: 5717: 5715: 5713:Times of Israel 5705: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5679: 5675: 5665: 5663: 5650: 5649: 5645: 5626: 5622: 5603: 5599: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5532: 5528: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5487: 5483: 5464: 5460: 5443: 5442: 5438: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5380: 5378: 5365: 5364: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5335: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5235: 5231: 5221: 5219: 5209: 5205: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5140: 5139: 5132: 5111: 5107: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5057: 5053: 5034: 5030: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4966: 4962: 4941: 4937: 4927: 4925: 4910: 4906: 4896: 4894: 4893:on May 13, 2008 4885: 4884: 4880: 4870: 4868: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4833: 4831:"God's chariot" 4829: 4828: 4824: 4814: 4812: 4797: 4793: 4774: 4770: 4758: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4703: 4701: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4621: 4617: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4586: 4570: 4569: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4479: 4465: 4461: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4360:, 27 March 2017 4354:Wayback Machine 4345: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4319: 4315: 4302: 4301: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4253: 4249: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4191:Army technology 4185: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4150: 4141: 4122: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4081: 4079: 4072:Israeli Weapons 4066: 4065: 4061: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3995:Israeli Weapons 3989: 3988: 3984: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3928:Wayback Machine 3919: 3915: 3888:The World Today 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3840: 3838: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3818: 3816: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3753: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3572:. March 3, 2023 3568: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3550:. June 15, 2023 3542: 3541: 3537: 3529: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3504:. June 8, 2014. 3500: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3472:"Merkava Lite?" 3470: 3469: 3465: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3412:Philippine Army 3398: 3396: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3358: 3324: 3224: 3051:smoke generator 2981:Zikhron Ya'akov 2969: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2938: 2926: 2915: 2888: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2853: 2837: 2826: 2763:Namer (Hebrew: 2733: 2723: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2688: 2672: 2661: 2625: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2590: 2574: 2563: 2530: 2518:Second Intifada 2514: 2487: 2438: 2432: 2370: 2351: 2345: 2298:AT-13 'Metis-M' 2266: 2254:Second Intifada 2245: 2243:Second Intifada 2217: 2209: 2101:Power / weight 1971: 1963: 1954: 1946: 1839: 1834: 1796:Specifications 1694:Second Intifada 1673:Second Intifada 1656:Second Intifada 1603:Merkava Mark 4 1600:Merkava Mark 3 1597:Merkava Mark 2 1594:Merkava Mark 1 1587: 1571:virtual reality 1563: 1534: 1532:Merkava 4 Barak 1526: 1498:Mass production 1479: 1444:7.62×51 mm NATO 1344:program of the 1338:thermal imagers 1279: 1245: 1204: 1155: 1136: 1134: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1077: 1032:analyzers, and 1014: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1005: 1004: 1003: 1000: 992: 991: 985: 974: 972:Merkava Mark II 907:mass production 895: 890: 870: 828: 823: 665: 600: 516: 515: 491: 469: 467: 386: 353: 351: 331: 329: 322:modular design. 304: 275: 251: 249: 231: 197: 190: 153: 124:Second Intifada 81:In service 76:Service history 53: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7135: 7125: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7087: 7086: 7074: 7073: 7063: 7052: 7051: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6997: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6973: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6900: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6862:Type 15 / VT-5 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6838: 6836: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6775:Stridsvagn 122 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6685:Al-Khalid tank 6681: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6665: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6642: 6633: 6632: 6616: 6615: 6605: 6603:Cold War tanks 6594: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6550:T92 light tank 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6436: 6434: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6395: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6337: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6264: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6247: 6246: 6245: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6161:Stridsvagn 103 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6132: 6131: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6056: 6054: 6048: 6047: 6036: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6013: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5919: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5891: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5847: 5846:External links 5844: 5843: 5842: 5837:978-1416549321 5836: 5830:. Free Press. 5820:Chasnoff, Joel 5814: 5811: 5810: 5809: 5800: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5751: 5725: 5699: 5687:Shephard Media 5673: 5643: 5634:Israel defense 5620: 5597: 5578: 5552: 5526: 5504: 5481: 5458: 5449:Israel defense 5436: 5414: 5388: 5371:Defense Update 5355: 5329: 5307: 5281: 5255: 5229: 5203: 5181: 5172:Israel Defense 5159: 5130: 5105: 5082: 5051: 5028: 4975: 4960: 4935: 4904: 4878: 4851: 4836:. Al jazeera. 4822: 4791: 4768: 4743: 4711: 4678: 4671: 4648: 4615: 4613:, p. 111. 4603: 4601:, p. 110. 4584: 4556: 4536: 4510: 4484: 4477: 4459: 4444: 4423:"Merkava Mk.1" 4414: 4393:"Merkava Mk.3" 4384: 4362: 4339: 4313: 4292: 4270: 4247: 4234: 4208: 4178: 4164: 4139: 4113: 4101: 4089: 4068:"Merkava Mk 3" 4059: 4037: 4030: 4012: 3991:"Merkava Mk 1" 3982: 3973:Defense Update 3962: 3932: 3913: 3894:(3): 101–110. 3874: 3848: 3826: 3800: 3778: 3742: 3717: 3688: 3681: 3660: 3635: 3609: 3583: 3561: 3535: 3507: 3493: 3463: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3408: 3407: 3393: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3370: 3367: 3357: 3354: 3328:Colombian Army 3323: 3320: 3223: 3220: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3185: 3181: 3170: 3115:drive sprocket 3111:return rollers 3066:fume extractor 2971: 2970: 2929: 2927: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2890: 2889: 2840: 2838: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2803:Golani Brigade 2757:Yad La-Shiryon 2741:Yad La-Shiryon 2729:Main article: 2725: 2724: 2675: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2627: 2626: 2577: 2575: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2529: 2526: 2516:Following the 2513: 2510: 2486: 2483: 2434:Main article: 2431: 2428: 2369: 2366: 2347:Main article: 2344: 2341: 2328:Yom Kippur War 2302:AT-14 'Kornet' 2294:AT-5 'Konkurs' 2265: 2262: 2244: 2241: 2216: 2213: 2208: 2207:Combat history 2205: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2163:Fuel capacity 2160: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2041: 2028: 2005: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1974:smoke grenades 1962:2–3 × FN MAG58 1960: 1957:smoke grenades 1945:2–3 × FN MAG58 1943: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1914: 1904: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1716: 1690:First Intifada 1683: 1669:First Intifada 1662: 1648:First Intifada 1641: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1562: 1559: 1533: 1530: 1525: 1522: 1478: 1475: 1436:IMI 120 mm gun 1425:smoke grenades 1314:Yad La-Shiryon 1302:V-shaped belly 1278: 1277:Merkava Mark 4 1275: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1260: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1226: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1191: 1185: 1152: 1131:IMI 120 mm gun 1119: 1118: 1113: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1075:Merkava Mark 3 1073: 1064: 1063: 1057: 1051: 1007: 1006: 1001: 994: 993: 989:Yad La-Shiryon 986: 979: 978: 977: 976: 975: 973: 970: 946:Centurion Mk3s 926:Centurion tank 894: 893:Merkava Mark I 891: 889: 886: 869: 866: 827: 824: 822: 819: 818: 817: 806: 800: 786: 783: 773: 767: 757: 743: 729: 723: 713: 703: 697: 690: 687: 664: 661: 638:Yom Kippur War 604:Chieftain tank 599: 596: 493: 492: 490: 489: 486: 482: 480: 478:Maximum speed 474: 473: 470: 465: 462: 461: 458: 454: 453: 450: 446: 445: 443:Helical spring 440: 436: 435: 429: 425: 424: 421: 417: 416: 413: 409: 408: 392: 388: 387: 385: 384: 382:smoke grenades 378: 372: 366: 363: 356: 354: 349: 346: 345: 332: 327: 324: 323: 312: 306: 305: 301: 300: 297: 293: 292: 289: 285: 284: 281: 277: 276: 274: 273: 270: 266: 264: 260: 259: 242: 238: 237: 236:Specifications 233: 232: 230: 229: 226: 223: 220: 216: 214: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 196: 195: 192: 186: 184: 183:Unit cost 180: 179: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 152: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 119:First Intifada 116: 111: 105: 103: 99: 98: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 59: 55: 54: 43: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7134: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7084: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7064: 7062: 7054: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7043: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7002: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6971: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886:experimentals 6883: 6879: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6852:2S25 Sprut-SD 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6663: 6658: 6656: 6651: 6649: 6644: 6643: 6640: 6630: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6614: 6606: 6604: 6596: 6595: 6592: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6433:experimentals 6430: 6426: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6388: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6371:Super Sherman 6369: 6367: 6366:Stridsvagn 74 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6283:M551 Sheridan 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6248: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6228:Type 80/85/88 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6029: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6015: 6014: 6011: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5973:Super Sherman 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5949: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5882: 5877: 5875: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5839: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5806: 5801: 5797: 5792: 5791: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5755: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5613:(in Hebrew). 5612: 5608: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5582: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5360: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5317: 5311: 5296: 5292: 5285: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5244: 5240: 5233: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5148:(in Hebrew). 5147: 5143: 5137: 5135: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5109: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4987: 4979: 4971: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4908: 4897:September 13, 4892: 4888: 4882: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4839: 4832: 4826: 4810: 4806: 4805:Globes Online 4802: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4728: 4721: 4715: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4682: 4674: 4672:9780521146876 4668: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4652: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4612: 4607: 4600: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4580: 4574: 4559: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4540: 4529:September 17, 4524: 4520: 4514: 4503:September 17, 4498: 4494: 4488: 4480: 4478:0-520-06667-7 4474: 4470: 4463: 4455: 4448: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4328: 4324: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4297: 4280: 4274: 4258: 4251: 4244: 4238: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4167: 4165:9781780967837 4161: 4157: 4156: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4118: 4111:, p. 78. 4110: 4105: 4099:, p. 77. 4098: 4093: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3966: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3836: 3830: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3788: 3782: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3705: 3703: 3698: 3692: 3684: 3678: 3674: 3671:(2006). "5". 3670: 3664: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3624: 3620: 3613: 3598: 3594: 3587: 3571: 3565: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3511: 3503: 3497: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3434: 3423: 3422: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3373: 3372: 3362: 3353: 3351: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3310: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3077:ration heater 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3032:M109 howitzer 3027: 3024: 3022: 3017: 3016:artillery gun 3012: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2977: 2967: 2964: 2956: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2930:This section 2928: 2924: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2886: 2883: 2875: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2841:This section 2839: 2835: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2755:Namer CEV in 2753: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2721: 2718: 2710: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2676:This section 2674: 2670: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2623: 2620: 2612: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2578:This section 2576: 2572: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2523: 2522:urban warfare 2519: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2482: 2480: 2479:401st Brigade 2475: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2405:tandem-charge 2398: 2393: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2270: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2221: 2212: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2172:1,400 litres 2171: 2169:1,100 litres 2168: 2162: 2161: 2151: 2150: 2140: 2139: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2069: 2066: 2064:Transmission 2063: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2026:diesel engine 2024: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2003:diesel engine 2001: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1967: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1891: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1866: 1865: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1829: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1779:Number built 1778: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1754:Manufacturer 1753: 1752: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1590: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1538: 1529: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510:9M133 Kornets 1507: 1503: 1499: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1460:Elbit Systems 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1410:Knight Mark 4 1408: 1403: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1353: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1298:modular armor 1294: 1292: 1283: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1217: 1214:, signifying 1213: 1209: 1196: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1177: 1172: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1141: 1132: 1122: 1110: 1098: 1086: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1034:thermographic 1031: 1027: 1023: 1017: 1010: 998: 990: 983: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 941: 938: 934: 929: 927: 922: 920: 916: 912: 908: 899: 885: 883: 879: 875: 865: 863: 858: 856: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 815: 811: 807: 804: 801: 798: 794: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778:supplies the 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 761: 758: 755: 751: 747: 744: 741: 737: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 717: 714: 711: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 691: 688: 685: 681: 678: 677: 676: 674: 670: 660: 658: 657: 652: 651: 646: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 620: 616: 612: 609: 605: 595: 593: 589: 584: 580: 575: 573: 568: 566: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 537:Armored Corps 534: 530: 526: 519: 513: 504: 500: 487: 484: 483: 481: 475: 471: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 444: 441: 437: 433: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 405:diesel engine 403: 399: 396: 393: 389: 383: 379: 377: 373: 371: 367: 364: 362: 358: 357: 355: 347: 344: 341: 337: 333: 325: 321: 320:sloped armour 317: 313: 311: 307: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 271: 268: 267: 265: 261: 257: 247: 243: 239: 234: 227: 224: 221: 218: 217: 215: 208: 204: 200: 193: 188: 187: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 156: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 106: 104: 100: 97: 96: 91: 87: 83: 79: 74: 70: 66: 63: 60: 56: 51: 47: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 7076:Background: 7075: 6988:Panther KF51 6910:Challenger 3 6760:PT-91 Twardy 6705:Challenger 2 6618:Background: 6617: 6485:Lorraine 40t 6460:EE-T1 Osório 6145: 6084:Challenger 1 5922: 5858:Merkava tank 5825: 5804: 5795: 5788:Bibliography 5773:. Retrieved 5764: 5754: 5742:. Retrieved 5738: 5728: 5716:. Retrieved 5712: 5702: 5690:. Retrieved 5686: 5676: 5664:. Retrieved 5655: 5646: 5638:the original 5633: 5623: 5610: 5600: 5591: 5581: 5569:. Retrieved 5565: 5555: 5543:. Retrieved 5539: 5529: 5521:the original 5516: 5507: 5499:the original 5495:Defense news 5494: 5484: 5471: 5461: 5453:the original 5448: 5439: 5426: 5417: 5405:. Retrieved 5401:the original 5391: 5379:. Retrieved 5375:the original 5370: 5346:. Retrieved 5342: 5332: 5322:November 11, 5320:. Retrieved 5310: 5300:November 11, 5298:. Retrieved 5294: 5284: 5274:November 11, 5272:. Retrieved 5269:The War Zone 5268: 5258: 5248:November 24, 5246:. Retrieved 5242: 5237:Axe, David. 5232: 5222:November 12, 5220:. Retrieved 5216: 5206: 5193: 5184: 5171: 5162: 5145: 5118: 5108: 5095: 5085: 5073:. Retrieved 5064: 5054: 5041: 5031: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4969: 4963: 4955:the original 4948: 4938: 4926:. Retrieved 4917: 4907: 4895:. Retrieved 4891:the original 4881: 4869:. Retrieved 4854: 4842:. Retrieved 4825: 4813:. Retrieved 4804: 4794: 4781: 4771: 4756:the original 4746: 4734:. Retrieved 4727:the original 4714: 4702:. Retrieved 4698:the original 4691: 4681: 4657: 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4635:the original 4628: 4618: 4606: 4563:November 21, 4561:. Retrieved 4546: 4539: 4527:. Retrieved 4523:the original 4513: 4501:. Retrieved 4487: 4468: 4462: 4453: 4447: 4435:. Retrieved 4426: 4417: 4405:. Retrieved 4396: 4387: 4379:the original 4374: 4365: 4357: 4342: 4330:. Retrieved 4326: 4321:Axe, David. 4316: 4283:. Retrieved 4273: 4261:. Retrieved 4250: 4237: 4225:. Retrieved 4221:the original 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4190: 4181: 4169:. Retrieved 4154: 4134:the original 4129: 4109:Gelbart 2005 4104: 4097:Gelbart 2005 4092: 4080:. Retrieved 4071: 4062: 4049: 4040: 4021: 4015: 4003:. Retrieved 3994: 3985: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3953:. Retrieved 3944: 3935: 3916: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3867:November 26, 3865:. Retrieved 3860: 3851: 3841:November 26, 3839:. Retrieved 3829: 3819:November 26, 3817:. Retrieved 3812: 3803: 3793:November 26, 3791:. Retrieved 3781: 3769:. Retrieved 3760: 3733:. Retrieved 3729: 3720: 3708:. Retrieved 3700: 3691: 3682:0-47211540-5 3672: 3663: 3651:. Retrieved 3647: 3638: 3626:. Retrieved 3622: 3617:Axe, David. 3612: 3600:. Retrieved 3596: 3586: 3574:. Retrieved 3564: 3552:. Retrieved 3547: 3538: 3527:the original 3522: 3510: 3496: 3484:. Retrieved 3475: 3466: 3457: 3448: 3347: 3344: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3294: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3254: 3242:laser cannon 3239: 3235: 3227: 3225: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3136:breech block 3133: 3130: 3126:muzzle brake 3123: 3108: 3100:spall liners 3081: 3074: 3070:muzzle brake 3059: 3055: 3039:glacis plate 3036: 3028: 3025: 3013: 3009:fire control 2988: 2986: 2959: 2950: 2939:Please help 2934:verification 2931: 2911: 2899: 2895: 2893: 2878: 2869: 2854:Please help 2842: 2822: 2821:Merkava ARV 2809:IFVs during 2806: 2800: 2795: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2762: 2713: 2707:October 2023 2704: 2689:Please help 2677: 2657: 2656:Merkava IFV 2643: 2638:life support 2630: 2615: 2606: 2591:Please help 2579: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2539: 2515: 2507: 2496: 2488: 2476: 2473: 2457: 2424: 2416:AT-14 Kornet 2409: 2402: 2363: 2352: 2325: 2318: 2311: 2287: 2275: 2246: 2226: 2210: 2147:600 mm 2055:water-cooled 1564: 1543: 1527: 1508:, including 1480: 1472: 1468: 1457: 1446:commander's 1418:laser-guided 1409: 1404: 1391: 1383: 1381: 1363:(HEAT), and 1358: 1323: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1252: 1248: 1246: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1194: 1187:Addition of 1142: 1127: 1120: 1069: 1065: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1042: 1018: 1015: 1008: 942: 930: 923: 904: 871: 859: 852: 839: 829: 752:(R-OWS) and 740:Astronautics 666: 654: 648: 645:Tel HaShomer 642: 624: 608:British Army 601: 576: 569: 561: 549:Challenger 2 498: 496: 428:Transmission 412:Power/weight 402:turbocharged 205:1979–present 171:Manufacturer 93: 89:Used by 84:1979–present 25: 7012:T-14 Armata 6970:M-95 Degman 6904:Black Eagle 6740:Leopard 2PL 6677:Main battle 6525:Object 490A 6495:MB-3 Tamoyo 6052:Main battle 5571:October 10, 3735:November 3, 3710:October 20, 3706:(in Hebrew) 3653:November 5, 3628:November 2, 3602:November 2, 3576:November 2, 3405:Philippines 3174:Intel 80286 3094:, and most 3090:splinters, 3064:. It has a 3062:G5 howitzer 2560:Tankbulance 2528:Merkava LIC 2512:Derivatives 2499:slat armour 2463:, and some 2166:900 litres 2037:air-cooled 1920:smoothbore 1910:smoothbore 1512:, fired by 1442:.50-cal, a 1440:M2 Browning 1212:Barak Zoher 1036:optics and 948:with their 862:M2 Browning 803:Caterpillar 684:120 mm 671:(IMI). The 634:Suez Crisis 598:Development 559:platforms. 466:Operational 460:1400 litres 314:Classified 225:Mark 3: 780 222:Mark 2: 580 219:Mark 1: 250 213: built 7096:Categories 7036:Zorawar LT 6937:M10 Booker 6882:Prototypes 6847:Sabre CVRT 6755:Pokpung-ho 6750:Merkava IV 6735:Leopard 2E 6535:Object 785 6530:Object 770 6520:Object 292 6515:Object 279 6510:Object 187 6429:Prototypes 6351:M47 Patton 6346:M46 Patton 6341:Charioteer 6218:Type 69/79 6124:M48 Patton 5998:M22 Locust 5983:M60 Patton 5978:M48 Patton 5968:M4 Sherman 4815:August 22, 4641:August 28, 4429:. CZ web. 4399:. CZ Web. 4052:. Jane's. 3669:Maoz, Zeev 3440:References 3297:controller 3193:dot matrix 3104:NBC system 3084:small arms 3043:gun turret 2953:April 2019 2747:exhibition 2634:stretchers 2385:Trophy APS 2359:asymmetric 2339:soldiers. 2292:'Vampir', 2023:air-cooled 2014:(708 2000:air-cooled 1991:(677 1976:launchers 1959:launchers 1771:1990–2002 1619:1983–2020 1616:1979–2014 1546:Trophy APS 1377:technicals 1296:Removable 1291:Bamachaneh 1202:BAZ System 1024:. Updated 789:FN Herstal 632:after the 626:Israel Tal 619:Israel Tal 507:מֶרְכָּבָה 439:Suspension 178:(assembly) 6765:Ramses II 6745:M1 Abrams 6730:Leopard 2 6690:Al-Zarrar 6404:Conqueror 6361:Panzer 61 6356:Panzer 58 6243:Vijayanta 6156:Panzer 68 6119:M1 Abrams 6114:Leopard 2 6109:Leopard 1 6094:Chonma-ho 6089:Chieftain 6072:Centurion 5718:August 4, 5666:March 14, 5611:Calcalist 5545:August 8, 5397:"Slammer" 5075:August 7, 5015:1533-8614 4704:April 23, 4630:al-Akhbar 4573:cite book 4456:. Osprey. 4227:March 27, 4171:March 14, 4070:. Tanks. 3955:March 14, 3900:0043-9134 3771:March 14, 3554:August 4, 3486:March 14, 3476:TheMarker 3454:"Merkava" 3356:Operators 3299:from the 3141:hydraulic 2983:, Israel. 2843:does not 2813:. During 2805:used two 2739:Namer in 2678:does not 2580:does not 2451:, during 2414:fired an 2337:anti-tank 2279:Hezbollah 2237:Centurion 2096:<10 s 1762:Produced 1746:Designer 1520:in 2014. 1371:(APFSDS) 1251:(Hebrew: 1249:Dor-Dalet 1243:Dor-Dalet 1030:crosswind 954:shot trap 937:M113 APCs 826:Firepower 592:clamshell 545:Leopard 2 541:M1 Abrams 423:48 rounds 415:18.8 kW/t 350:Secondary 316:composite 95:Operators 48:, during 6948:M60-2000 6867:Type 63A 6820:Zulfiqar 6800:Type 72Z 6780:T-72M4CZ 6455:Char 25T 6303:Stingray 6136:M60 tank 6044:Cold War 5822:(2010). 5775:June 25, 5769:Archived 5744:July 15, 5692:July 15, 5660:Archived 5615:Archived 5476:Archived 5431:Archived 5198:Archived 5176:Archived 5154:Archived 5125:Archived 5100:Archived 5069:Archived 5065:Ynetnews 5046:Archived 4922:Archived 4918:Ynetnews 4865:Archived 4838:Archived 4809:Archived 4786:Archived 4784:. Ynet. 4782:Ynetnews 4736:July 16, 4497:Archived 4437:April 7, 4431:Archived 4407:April 7, 4401:Archived 4350:Archived 4285:June 15, 4263:June 15, 4201:July 24, 4195:Archived 4076:Archived 4054:Archived 3999:Archived 3976:. 2006. 3949:Archived 3924:Archived 3908:40394764 3765:Archived 3704:, Israel 3480:Archived 3184:elements 2872:May 2024 2609:May 2024 2558:Merkava 2355:Gaza War 2249:Netzarim 2124:hp/tonne 2118:hp/tonne 2112:hp/tonne 2106:hp/tonne 1922:tank gun 1918:MG251-LR 1912:tank gun 1902:tank gun 1898:M64 L71A 1768:1983–89 1765:1979–83 1723:Gaza War 1702:Gaza War 1681:Gaza War 1630:Used by 1494:מעיל רוח 1342:IAI Lavi 1208:ברק זוהר 1183:cook-off 1060:Mark IID 1054:Mark IIC 1048:Mark IIB 888:Variants 868:Mobility 770:Motorola 710:infrared 547:and the 352:armament 336:MG251-LR 330:armament 202:Produced 174:Mantak, 163:Designer 134:Gaza War 32:Merkava 21:Merkabah 7030:Tank EX 7017:T-55AGM 6994:Patagón 6959:M-84AS1 6925:K21-105 6893:AbramsX 6810:Type 99 6805:Type 96 6795:Type 10 6725:Leclerc 6475:HSTV(L) 6318:Type 64 6313:Type 63 6308:Type 62 6273:HSTV(L) 6233:Type 90 6223:Type 74 6213:Type 61 6208:Type 59 6146:Merkava 6065:AMX-30E 6042:of the 5923:Merkava 5798:. 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