Felix Mendelssohn - Knowledge

2555:, both praised and criticized the composer. He called him "the greatest child prodigy the history of Western music has ever known", whose command at age 16 surpassed that of Mozart or Chopin at 19, the possessor at an early age of a "control of large-scale structure unsurpassed by any composer of his generation", and a "genius" with a "profound" comprehension of Beethoven. Rosen believed that in the composer's later years, without losing his craft or genius, he "renounced ... his daring"; but he called Mendelssohn's relatively late Violin Concerto in E minor "the most successful synthesis of the Classical concerto tradition and the Romantic virtuoso form". Rosen considered the "Fugue in E minor" (later included in Mendelssohn's Op. 35 for piano) a "masterpiece"; but in the same paragraph called Mendelssohn "the inventor of religious 1133:. Felix was notably reluctant, either in his letters or conversation, to comment on his innermost beliefs; his friend Devrient wrote that " deep convictions were never uttered in intercourse with the world; only in rare and intimate moments did they ever appear, and then only in the slightest and most humorous allusions". Thus for example in a letter to his sister Rebecka, Mendelssohn rebukes her complaint about an unpleasant relative: "What do you mean by saying you are not hostile to Jews? I hope this was a joke It is really sweet of you that you do not despise your family, isn't it?" Some modern scholars have devoted considerable energy to demonstrate either that Mendelssohn was deeply sympathetic to his ancestors' Jewish beliefs, or that he was hostile to this and sincere in his Christian beliefs. 1102:

Mendelssohn's character "that crystallized in the memoirs of the composer's circle", including Hensel's. The nickname "discontented Polish count" was given to Mendelssohn on account of his aloofness, and he referred to the epithet in his letters. He was frequently given to fits of temper which occasionally led to collapse. Devrient mentions that on one occasion in the 1830s, when his wishes had been crossed, "his excitement was increased so fearfully ... that when the family was assembled ... he began to talk incoherently in English. The stern voice of his father at last checked the wild torrent of words; they took him to bed, and a profound sleep of twelve hours restored him to his normal state". Such fits may be related to his early death.

2529: 789: 1090: 1526: 916: 2578:(MWV). Mendelssohn's oeuvre has been explored more deeply. Recordings of virtually all of Mendelssohn's published works are now available, and his works are frequently heard in the concert hall and on broadcasts. R. Larry Todd noted in 2007, in the context of the impending bicentenary of Mendelssohn's birth, "the intensifying revival of the composer's music over the past few decades", and that "his image has been largely rehabilitated, as musicians and scholars have returned to this paradoxically familiar but unfamiliar European classical composer, and have begun viewing him from new perspectives." 1345: 2348: 1627: 8127: 6802: 321: 1202: 2045: 1142: 55: 144: 655:"Musical prodigies ... are probably no longer so rare; but what this little man can do in extemporizing and playing at sight borders the miraculous, and I could not have believed it possible at so early an age." "And yet you heard Mozart in his seventh year at Frankfurt?" said Zelter. "Yes", answered Goethe, "... but what your pupil already accomplishes, bears the same relation to the Mozart of that time that the cultivated talk of a grown-up person bears to the prattle of a child." 1864: 394: – the best education possible. Fanny became a pianist well known in Berlin musical circles as a composer; originally Abraham had thought that she, rather than Felix, would be the more musical. But it was not considered proper, by either Abraham or Felix, for a woman to pursue a career in music, so she remained an active but non-professional musician. Abraham was initially disinclined to allow Felix to follow a musical career until it became clear that he was seriously dedicated. 1034: 11563: 9115: 7724: 9125: 1390:

Goethe, he gave the poet "historical exhibitions" at the keyboard; "every morning, for about an hour, I have to play a variety of works by great composers in chronological order, and must explain to him how they contributed to the advance of music." Secondly, it highlights that Mendelssohn was more concerned to reinvigorate the musical legacy which he inherited, rather than to replace it with new forms and styles, or with the use of more exotic

1213: 7734: 6867: 11589: 490:; she and the Mendelssohn family were among its leading patrons. Sarah had formed an important collection of Bach family manuscripts, which she bequeathed to the Singakademie; Zelter, whose tastes in music were conservative, was also an admirer of the Bach tradition. This undoubtedly played a significant part in forming Felix Mendelssohn's musical tastes, as his works reflect this study of 515: 1720: 11613: 804:(of which Bach had been a director), and the city's other choral and musical institutions. Mendelssohn's concerts included, in addition to many of his own works, three series of "historical concerts" featuring music of the eighteenth century, and a number of works by his contemporaries. He was deluged by offers of music from rising and would-be composers; among these was 11601: 1129:. Although Mendelssohn was a conforming Christian as a member of the Reformed Church, he was both conscious and proud of his Jewish ancestry and notably of his connection with his grandfather, Moses Mendelssohn. He was the prime mover in proposing to the publisher Heinrich Brockhaus a complete edition of Moses' works, which continued with the support of his uncle, 441:". (Letter to Felix of 8 July 1829). On embarking on his musical career, Felix did not entirely drop the name Mendelssohn as Abraham had requested, but in deference to his father signed his letters and had his visiting cards printed using the form 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. In 1829, his sister Fanny wrote to him of "Bartholdy this name that we all dislike". 696:, was the central event in the revival of Bach's music in Germany and, eventually, throughout Europe. It earned Mendelssohn widespread acclaim at the age of 20. It also led to one of the few explicit references which Mendelssohn made to his origins: "To think that it took an actor and a Jew's son to revive the greatest Christian music for the world!" 2203:"), became popular. The scholar Susan Youens comments "If 's emotional range in lied was narrower than Schubert's, that is hardly surprising: Schubert composed many more songs than Mendelssohn across a wider spectrum", and whilst Schubert had a declared intent to modernize the song style of his day, "his was not Mendelssohn's mission." 1893:), eight cycles each containing six lyric pieces (two published posthumously), remain his most famous solo piano compositions. They became standard parlour recital items even during the composer's lifetime, and their overwhelming popularity, according to Todd, has itself caused many critics to underrate their musical value. As example, 1305:, who was with him, wrote: "I see as I write the smile with which Mendelssohn, whose enjoyment of Mdlle. Lind's talent was unlimited, turned round and looked at me, as if a load of anxiety had been taken off his mind. His attachment to Mdlle. Lind's genius as a singer was unbounded, as was his desire for her success." 2840:

Mercer-Taylor wrote that although there was no currently available hard evidence of a physical affair between the two, "absence of evidence is not evidence of absence". Clive Brown wrote that "it has been rumoured that papers tend to substantiate the notion of an affair between Mendelssohn and Lind,

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has shown us that a Jew may have the amplest store of specific talents, may own the finest and most varied culture, the highest and tenderest sense of honour – yet without all these pre-eminences helping him, were it but one single time, to call forth in us that deep, that heart-searching effect

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In the immediate wake of Mendelssohn's death, he was mourned both in Germany and England. However, the conservative strain in Mendelssohn, which set him apart from some of his more flamboyant contemporaries, bred a corollary condescension amongst some of them toward his music. Mendelssohn's relations

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which he had revived in 1829. He was concerned in preparing and editing such music, whether for performance or for publication, to be as close as possible to the original intentions of the composers, including wherever possible a close study of early editions and manuscripts. This could lead him into

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Schumann wrote of Mendelssohn that he was "the Mozart of the nineteenth century, the most brilliant musician, the one who most clearly sees through the contradictions of the age and for the first time reconciles them." This appreciation brings to the fore two features that characterized Mendelssohn's

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While Mendelssohn was often presented as equable, happy, and placid in temperament, particularly in the detailed family memoirs published by his nephew Sebastian Hensel after the composer's death, this was misleading. The music historian R. Larry Todd notes "the remarkable process of idealization" of

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to follow the recapitulation proper. Mendelssohn's solution to this problem was less sensational than Berlioz's approach, but was rooted in changing the structural balance of the formal components of the movement. Thus typically in a Mendelssohnian movement, the development-recapitulation transition

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Foundation possesses material indicating that Mendelssohn wrote passionate love letters to Jenny Lind entreating her to join him in an adulterous relationship and threatening suicide as a means of exerting pressure upon her, and that these letters were destroyed on being discovered after her death."

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A large portion of Mendelssohn's 750 works still remained unpublished in the 1960s, but most of them are now available. A scholarly edition of Mendelssohn's complete works and correspondence is in preparation but is expected to take many years to complete, and will be in excess of 150 volumes. This

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and the orchestral players themselves – both rebuking them when they were recalcitrant and praising them when they satisfied him. It was his success while conducting at the Lower Rhine music festival of 1836 that led to him taking his first paid professional position as director at Düsseldorf.

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Mendelssohn suffered from poor health in the final years of his life, probably aggravated by nervous problems and overwork. A final tour of England left him exhausted and ill, and the death of his sister, Fanny, on 14 May 1847, caused him further distress. Less than six months later, on 4 November,

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came to the Prussian throne in 1840 with ambitions to develop Berlin as a cultural centre (including the establishment of a music school, and reform of music for the church), the obvious choice to head these reforms was Mendelssohn. He was reluctant to undertake the task, especially in the light of

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to great heights; although concentrating on the great composers of the past (already becoming canonised as the "classics") he also included new music by Schumann, Berlioz, Gade and many others, as well as his own music. One critic who was not impressed was Richard Wagner; he accused Mendelssohn of

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During his lifetime, Mendelssohn became renowned as a keyboard performer, both on the piano and organ. One of his obituarists noted: "First and chiefest we esteem his pianoforte-playing, with its amazing elasticity of touch, rapidity, and power; next his scientific and vigorous organ playing

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On Mendelssohn's eighth British visit in the summer of 1844, he conducted five of the Philharmonic concerts in London, and wrote: "ever before was anything like this season – we never went to bed before half-past one, every hour of every day was filled with engagements three weeks beforehand,

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Appreciation of Mendelssohn's work has developed since the mid-20th century, together with the publication of a number of biographies placing his achievements in context. Mercer-Taylor comments on the irony that "this broad-based reevaluation of Mendelssohn's music is made possible, in part, by a

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Although Mendelssohn attributed great importance to musical education, and made a substantial commitment to the Conservatoire he founded in Leipzig, he did not greatly enjoy teaching and took only a very few private pupils who he believed had notable qualities. Such students included the composer

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after a recital to extemporise, he improvised a piece which included the melodies of all the songs she had sung. The music publisher Victor Novello, who was present, remarked "He has done some things that seem to me impossible, even after I have heard them done." At another recital in 1837, where

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he never outgrew his precocious youthful style. He remained stylistically conservative feeling no need to attract attention with a display of "revolutionary" novelty. Throughout his short career he remained comfortably faithful to the musical status quo – that is, the "classical"

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Over the next few years Mendelssohn travelled widely. His first visit to England was in 1829; other places visited during the 1830s included Vienna, Florence, Milan, Rome and Naples, in all of which he met with local and visiting musicians and artists. These years proved to be the germination for

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in 1829. He became well received in his travels throughout Europe as a composer, conductor and soloist; his ten visits to Britain – during which many of his major works were premiered – form an important part of his adult career. His essentially conservative musical tastes set him apart

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At any rate, the whole music of romanticism ... was second-rate music from the very start, and real musicians took little notice of it. Things were different with Felix Mendelssohn, that halcyon master who, thanks to his easier, purer, happier soul, was quickly honoured and just as quickly

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in the music of Beethoven and Weber. The historian James Garratt writes that from his early career, "the view emerged that Mendelssohn's engagement with early music was a defining aspect of his creativity." This approach was recognized by Mendelssohn himself, who wrote that, in his meetings with

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ended in embarrassing scenes. It is significant that the only musician with whom Mendelssohn remained a close personal friend, Ignaz Moscheles, was of an older generation and equally conservative in outlook. Moscheles preserved this conservative attitude at the Leipzig Conservatory until his own

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at the end of 1833, where he took umbrage at the audience's protests about the cost of tickets. His frustration at his everyday duties in Düsseldorf, and the city's provincialism, led him to resign his position at the end of 1834. He had offers from both Munich and Leipzig for important musical

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in 1858, and it remains popular at marriage ceremonies. Mendelssohn's pupil Sterndale Bennett was a major force in British musical education until his death in 1875, and a great upholder of his master's traditions; he numbered among his pupils many of the next generation of English composers,

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Mendelssohn's mature symphonies are numbered approximately in the order of publication, rather than the order in which they were composed. The order of composition is: 1, 5, 4, 2, 3. The placement of No. 3 in this sequence is problematic because he worked on it for over a decade, starting the

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The musicologist Greg Vitercik considers that, while "Mendelssohn's music only rarely aspires to provoke", the stylistic innovations evident from his earliest works solve some of the contradictions between classical forms and the sentiments of Romanticism. The expressiveness of Romantic music

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Mendelssohn married Cécile Charlotte Sophie Jeanrenaud (10 October 1817 – 25 September 1853), the daughter of a French Reformed Church clergyman, on 28 March 1837. The couple had five children: Carl, Marie, Paul, Lili and Felix August. The second youngest child, Felix August, contracted

1410:) section of a movement could seem, in the context of Romantic style, a bland element without passion or soul. Furthermore, it could be seen as a pedantic delay before reaching the emotional climax of a movement, which in the classical tradition had tended to be at the transition from the 2194:

Mendelssohn wrote many songs, both for solo voice and for duet, with piano. It has been asserted that from 1819 (when he was 10) until his death there was "scarcely a single month in which he was not occupied with song composition". Many of these songs are simple, or slightly modified,

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characterized by a great, strict, very serious seriousness, a determined, almost importunate tendency to follow classical models, the finest, cleverest calculation, sharp intelligence and, finally, complete lack of naïveté. But is there in art any originality of genius without

692:, had given him a copy of the manuscript of this (by then all-but-forgotten) masterpiece. The orchestra and choir for the performance were provided by the Berlin Singakademie. The success of this performance, one of the very few since Bach's death and the first ever outside of 730:. This may have been because of Mendelssohn's youth, and fear of possible innovations; it was also suspected by some to be attributable to his Jewish ancestry. Following this rebuff, Mendelssohn divided most of his professional time over the next few years between Britain and 436:

and adopted it as his own surname. In an 1829 letter to Felix, Abraham explained that adopting the Bartholdy name was meant to demonstrate a decisive break with the traditions of his father Moses: "There can no more be a Christian Mendelssohn than there can be a Jewish

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duo. He was a prolific composer from an early age. As an adolescent, his works were often performed at home with a private orchestra for the associates of his wealthy parents amongst the intellectual elite of Berlin. Between the ages of 12 and 14, Mendelssohn wrote 13

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for students at the Leipzig Conservatoire was discontinued in 1934 (and not revived until 1963). The monument dedicated to Mendelssohn erected in Leipzig in 1892 was removed by the Nazis in 1936. A replacement was erected in 2008. The bronze statue of Mendelssohn by

939:. He made ten visits to Britain, lasting altogether about 20 months; he won a strong following, which enabled him to make a good impression on British musical life. He composed and performed, and also edited for British publishers the first critical editions of 2206:

A number of songs written by Mendelssohn's sister Fanny originally appeared under her brother's name; this may have been partly due to the prejudice of the family, and partly to her own retiring nature. In 1842, this resulted in an embarrassing moment when

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which we await from art The washiness and the whimsicality of our present musical style has been pushed to its utmost pitch by Mendelssohn's endeavour to speak out a vague, an almost nugatory Content as interestingly and spiritedly as possible.

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equivocally commented, despite noting "how much beautiful music they contain", that "t is not true that they are insipid, but they might as well be." During the 19th century, composers who were inspired to produce similar pieces of their own included

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compositions and his compositional process. First, that his inspiration for musical style was rooted in his technical mastery and his interpretation of the style of previous masters, although he certainly recognized and developed the strains of early

892:(1845). But the funds for the school never materialised, and many of the court's promises to Mendelssohn regarding finances, title, and concert programming were broken. He was therefore not displeased to have the excuse to return to Leipzig. 429:, at which time Felix was given the additional names Jakob Ludwig. Abraham and his wife Lea were baptised in 1822, and formally adopted the surname Mendelssohn Bartholdy (which they had used since 1812) for themselves and for their children. 596:, who confessed in his diaries that he had little to teach him. Moscheles and Mendelssohn became close colleagues and lifelong friends. The year 1827 saw the premiere – and sole performance in his lifetime – of Mendelssohn's opera 2777:

On this occasion, when Bennett was 17 and Mendelssohn 24, Mendelssohn immediately invited Bennett to visit him in Germany. " 'If I come', said Bennett, 'may I come to be your pupil?' 'No, no', was the reply 'you must come to be my friend.'

1594:) and 1842, when it was given its premiere in Leipzig, the last of his symphonies to be premiered in public. This piece evokes Scotland's atmosphere in the ethos of Romanticism, but does not employ any identified Scottish folk melodies. 2520:, who considered Mendelssohn "a master of undisputed greatness" and "an heir of Mozart". Busoni, like earlier virtuosi such as Anton Rubinstein and Charles-Valentin Alkan, regularly included Mendelssohn's piano works in his recitals. 977:, worked closely with Mendelssohn during this period, both in London and Leipzig. He first heard Bennett perform in London in 1833 aged 17. Bennett appeared with Mendelssohn in concerts in Leipzig throughout the 1836/1837 season. 1434:

forms, as they were already thought of by his time. His version of romanticism, already evident in his earliest works, consisted in musical "pictorialism" of a fairly conventional, objective nature (though exquisitely wrought).

1109:, a skill which he enjoyed throughout his life. His correspondence indicates that he could write with considerable wit in German and English – his letters were sometimes accompanied by humorous sketches and cartoons. 2559:

in music". Nevertheless, he pointed out how the dramatic power of "the juncture of religion and music" in Mendelssohn's oratorios is reflected throughout the music of the next fifty years in the operas of Meyerbeer and

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in Düsseldorf in 1836, shortly after the death of the composer's father, which affected him greatly; Felix wrote that he would "never cease to endeavour to gain his approval ... although I can no longer enjoy it".

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The debate became heated when it was discovered that the Mendelssohn scholar Eric Werner had been over-enthusiastic in his interpretation of some documentation in an attempt to establish Felix's Jewish sympathies. See

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When founded in 1843 this institution was officially known as the "Leipziger Konservatorium der Musik". English-language Mendelssohn authorities, for example R. Larry Todd and Erich Werner, refer to it as the Leipzig

425:. Felix and his siblings were at first brought up without religious education; on 21 March 1816, they were baptized in a private ceremony in the family's Berlin apartment by the Reformed Protestant minister of the 1423:, section; this allowed a logical movement towards a final climax. Vitercik summarizes the effect as "to assimilate the dynamic trajectory of 'external form' to the 'logical' unfolding of the story of the theme". 1883:, unlike his contemporaries Schumann, Chopin and Liszt, and unlike revered past masters....Mendelssohn did not regard the piano as a preferred medium for his most significant artistic statements". Mendelssohn's 1165:, but in his letters expresses his frank disapproval of their works, for example writing of Liszt that his compositions were "inferior to his playing, and only calculated for virtuosos"; of Berlioz's overture 543:

for such concerts, and a number of chamber works. His first work, a piano quartet, was published when he was 13. It was probably Abraham Mendelssohn who procured the publication of this quartet by the house of

1455:. These were written from 1821 to 1823, when he was between the ages of 12 and 14, principally for performance in the Mendelssohn household, and not published or publicly performed until long after his death. 1830:

and his last major work – written following the death of his sister Fanny – is, in the opinion of the historian Peter Mercer-Taylor, exceptionally powerful and eloquent. Other mature works include two

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His friend the cleric Julius Schubring noted that although Mendelssohn "entertained a feeling of affectionate reverence" for his spiritual adviser, the pastor Friedrich Philipp Wilmsen (1770–1831) at the

2007:, for public consumption. It was produced in Berlin in 1827, but coolly received. Mendelssohn left the theatre before the conclusion of the first performance, and subsequent performances were cancelled. 1252:

The family papers inherited by Marie's and Lili's children form the basis of the extensive collection of Mendelssohn manuscripts, including the so-called "Green Books" of his correspondence, now in the

585: – that is, a piece not written deliberately to accompany a staged performance but to evoke a literary theme in performance on a concert platform; this was a genre which became a popular form in 2243:; he acquired one in 1832 which he used in the family house and recitals in Berlin, and later another for use in Düsseldorf. In private and public performances, Mendelssohn was celebrated for his 6911: 1510:, colour, and compositional technique, which in the opinion of R. Larry Todd justifies claims frequently made that Mendelssohn's precocity exceeded even that of Mozart in its intellectual grasp. 2014:

later adapted by Wagner, about which he corresponded with his sister Fanny – he never wrote more than a few pages of sketches for any project. In Mendelssohn's last years the opera manager

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In particular, Mendelssohn seems to have regarded Paris and its music with the greatest of suspicion and an almost puritanical distaste. Attempts made during his visit there to interest him in

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Throughout his life Mendelssohn was wary of the more radical musical developments undertaken by some of his contemporaries. He was generally on friendly, if sometimes somewhat cool, terms with

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prepared from the original score, which he had found in London. This precipitated a Handel revival in Germany, similar to the reawakened interest in J. S. Bach following his performance of the

11803: 2472:. The book features as its leading character the "Chevalier Seraphel", an idealized portrait of Mendelssohn, and remained in print for nearly 80 years. In 1854 Queen Victoria requested that 2442:

obliged). Under the Nazis, "Mendelssohn was presented as a dangerous 'accident' of music history, who played a decisive role in rendering German music in the 19th century 'degenerate'." The

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in 1844 and was left with impaired health; he died in 1851. The eldest, Carl Mendelssohn Bartholdy (7 February 1838 – 23 February 1897), became a historian, and professor of history at

1667:, and was so impressed that he scribbled the opening theme of the overture on the spot, including it in a letter he wrote home the same evening. He wrote other concert overtures, notably 2451:

outside the Düsseldorf Opera House was also removed and destroyed by the Nazis in 1936. A replacement was erected in 2012. Mendelssohn's grave remained unmolested during the Nazi years.

7341: 1775: 1398:. Whilst Mendelssohn admired Liszt's virtuosity at the keyboard, he found his music jejune. Berlioz said of Mendelssohn that he had "perhaps studied the music of the dead too closely." 2389:. Mendelssohn's success, his popularity and his Jewish origins irked Wagner sufficiently to damn Mendelssohn with faint praise, three years after his death, in an anti-Jewish pamphlet 2153:

soloist. Mendelssohn's biographer Todd comments, "The very popularity of the anthem in England later exposed it to charges of superficiality from those contemptuous of Victorian

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section of the movement to the recapitulation; whereas Berlioz and other "modernists" sought to have the emotional climax at the end of a movement, if necessary by adding an extended

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and I got through more music in two months than in all the rest of the year." (Letter to Rebecka Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Soden, 22 July 1844). On subsequent visits Mendelssohn met

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The overwhelming majority of printed sources in English (e.g. see sources in references, and listings of recordings), use the form "Mendelssohn" and not "Mendelssohn Bartholdy".

1553:. For the third movement he substituted an orchestration of the Scherzo from his Octet. In this form the piece was a success, and laid the foundations of his British reputation. 1308:

Upon Mendelssohn's death, Lind wrote: " the only person who brought fulfillment to my spirit, and almost as soon as I found him I lost him again." In 1849, she established the

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Mendelssohn was invited to meet Goethe on several later occasions, and set a number of Goethe's poems to music. His other compositions inspired by Goethe include the overture

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as the entry title, with "Mendelssohn" used in the body text. In German and some other languages the surname "Mendelssohn Bartholdy" (sometimes hyphenated) is generally used.

1297:, to Lind's voice, although she did not sing the part until after his death, at a concert in December 1848. In 1847, Mendelssohn attended a London performance of Meyerbeer's 907:, also became staff members. After Mendelssohn's death in 1847, his musically conservative tradition was carried on when Moscheles succeeded him as head of the Conservatory. 3285: 2462:-worship of false art, has been able, like a second Elijah, through genius and study, to remain true to the service of true art." In 1851 an adulatory novel by the teenaged 1778:, at 15 ); and another double concerto, for violin and piano (1823). In addition, there are several single-movement works for soloist and orchestra. Those for piano are the 1117:

On 21 March 1816, at the age of seven years, Mendelssohn was baptised with his brother and sisters in a private domestic ceremony by Johann Jakob Stegemann, Minister of the

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for his tutor Heyse in 1825; Heyse was impressed and had it published in 1826 as a work of "his pupil, F****" . This translation also qualified Mendelssohn to study at the

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his triumphs on these instruments are fresh in public recollection. In his concerts and recitals Mendelssohn performed works by some of his German predecessors, notably

7737: 1991:), a comedy of mistaken identity written in honour of his parents' silver anniversary and unpublished during his lifetime. In 1825 he wrote a more sophisticated work, 927:

Mendelssohn first visited Britain in 1829, where Moscheles, who had already settled in London, introduced him to influential musical circles. In the summer he visited

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received a similar musical education and was a talented composer and pianist in her own right; some of her early songs were published under her brother's name and her

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On Zelter's death in 1832, Mendelssohn had hopes of succeeding him as conductor of the Singakademie; but at a vote in January 1833 he was defeated for the post by

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general disintegration of the idea of a musical canon", an idea which Mendelssohn "as a conductor, pianist and scholar" had done so much to establish. The critic

2313:. Mendelssohn also edited a number of Bach's works for organ, and apparently discussed with Robert Schumann the possibility of producing a complete Bach edition. 1363:

Something of Mendelssohn's intense attachment to his personal vision of music is conveyed in his comments to a correspondent who suggested converting some of the

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Foundation, which makes an award to a young resident British composer every two years in Mendelssohn's memory. The first winner of the scholarship, in 1856, was

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Mendelssohn was a noted conductor, both of his own works and of those by other composers. At his London debut in 1829, he was noted for his innovatory use of a

1076:. Mendelssohn had once described death, in a letter to a stranger, as a place "where it is to be hoped there is still music, but no more sorrow or partings." 355:, whose family was prominent in the German Jewish community. Until his baptism at age seven, Mendelssohn was brought up largely without religion. His mother, 11673: 2145:, whose second half contains "O for the Wings of a Dove", which became often performed as a separate item. The piece is written for full choir, organ, and a 2273:

Among those appreciating Mendelssohn's conducting was Hector Berlioz, who in 1843, invited to Leipzig, exchanged batons with Mendelssohn, writing "When the

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cited Mendelssohn's Jewish origin in banning performance and publication of his works, even asking Nazi-approved composers to rewrite incidental music for

413:(whom Mendelssohn's sister Rebecka would later marry). The musician Sarah Rothenburg has written of the household that "Europe came to their living room". 307:

in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, his creative originality has been re-evaluated. He is now among the most popular composers of the Romantic era.

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Biddlecombe, George (2013). "Secret Letters and a Missing Memorandum: New Light on the Personal Relationship between Felix Mendelssohn and Jenny Lind".

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It was the only statue in the Palace made of bronze and the only one to survive the 1936 fire that destroyed the Palace. The statue is now situated in

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might not be strongly marked, and the recapitulation section would be harmonically or melodically varied so as not to be a direct copy of the opening,

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Such criticism of Mendelssohn for his very ability – which could be characterised negatively as facility – was taken to further lengths by

9017: 1955:, Op. 65 (1845), of which Eric Werner wrote "next to Bach's works, Mendelssohn's Organ Sonatas belong to the required repertory of all organists". 1181:

suggested in conversation to Mendelssohn that he looked rather like Meyerbeer – they were actually distant cousins, both descendants of Rabbi

1171:"he orchestration is such a frightful muddle that one ought to wash one's hands after handling one of his scores"; and of Meyerbeer's opera 899:. where he persuaded Ignaz Moscheles and Robert Schumann to join him. Other prominent musicians, including the string players Ferdinand David and 303:, which he founded, became a bastion of this anti-radical outlook. After a long period of relative denigration due to changing musical tastes and 4539: 2504:, began to condemn Mendelssohn's music for its association with Victorian cultural insularity; Shaw in particular complained of the composer's " 1483: 560: 6728: 6172: 5865: 2454:

Mendelssohn's reputation in Britain remained high throughout the 19th century. Prince Albert inscribed (in German) a libretto for the oratorio

1579:. He conducted the premiere in 1833, but did not allow the score to be published during his lifetime, as he continually sought to rewrite it. 11748: 7311: 3930: 1851:, Mendelssohn uncharacteristically took the advice of his fellow composer, Ferdinand Hiller, and rewrote the piano part in a more Romantic, " 1759: 1045:

aged 38, Mendelssohn died in Leipzig after a series of strokes. His grandfather Moses, Fanny, and both his parents had all died from similar

7967: 7770: 7472: 7464: 7447: 7364: 6821: 5675: 1669: 1269:, whom he met in October 1844. Papers confirming their relationship had not been made public. In 2013, George Biddlecombe confirmed in the 661: 7506: 7179: 6979: 2135: 1545:

for full orchestra was written in 1824, when Mendelssohn was aged 15. This work is experimental, showing the influences of Beethoven and

2126:

was the "highest point that he reached as a composer for the church. Indeed the highest point recent church music has reached at all."

348: 9912: 7028: 1703: 1329: 474:

in Berlin. This was an important influence on his future career. Zelter had almost certainly been recommended as a teacher by his aunt

432:

The name Bartholdy was added at the suggestion of Lea's brother, Jakob Salomon Bartholdy, who had inherited a property of this name in

181: 11648: 7589: 7004: 6931: 5699: 1929: 1325: 130: 5384: 5368: 5246: 2443: 1394:. In these ways he differed significantly from many of his contemporaries in the early Romantic period, such as Wagner, Berlioz and 11808: 11768: 11738: 11658: 11653: 8158: 1610:) in B-flat major, posthumously named Symphony No. 2, to mark the celebrations in Leipzig of the supposed 400th anniversary of the 1271: 3289: 11723: 11718: 7960: 2941: 2673: 1684:(1830). A contemporary writer considered these works as "perhaps the most beautiful overtures that, so far, we Germans possess". 1301: – an opera that musically he despised – in order to hear Lind's British debut, in the role of Alice. The music critic 896: 300: 10083: 11663: 7468: 7187: 7172: 2252:

Mendelssohn played the piano for a singer, Robert Schumann ignored the soprano and wrote "Mendelssohn accompanied like a God."

800:

In Leipzig, Mendelssohn concentrated on developing the town's musical life by working with the orchestra, the opera house, the

2305:

for the London Handel Society (1845) evoked an often contentious correspondence, with Mendelssohn refusing for example to add

854:

his existing strong position in Leipzig. Mendelssohn nonetheless spent some time in Berlin, writing some church music such as

824:

and sent it to Mendelssohn, who promptly premiered it in Leipzig on 21 March 1839, more than a decade after Schubert's death.

759:

to improve local theatre standards, and made his first appearance as an opera conductor in Immermann's production of Mozart's

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Some readers, however, have interpreted Nietzsche's characterization of Mendelssohn as a 'lovely incident' as condescending.

1291:

Rhine maidens; the opera was unfinished at his death. He is said to have tailored the aria "Hear Ye Israel", in his oratorio

6875:

A virtual exhibit of Mendelssohn manuscripts and early editions held at the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library, Yale University

4234: 605:

Besides music, Mendelssohn's education included art, literature, languages, and philosophy. He had a particular interest in

11773: 11179: 9197: 5417: 647:(then in his seventies), who was greatly impressed by the child, leading to perhaps the earliest confirmed comparison with 6895: 6854:

A project with the objective of "recording of the complete published and unpublished works of Felix and Fanny Mendelssohn"

2010:

Although he never abandoned the idea of composing a full opera, and considered many subjects – including that of the

1735:. David, who had worked closely with Mendelssohn during the piece's preparation, gave the premiere of the concerto on his 1517:

of 16 music critics opined that Mendelssohn was the greatest composing prodigy in the history of Western classical music.

812:, the score of which, to Wagner's disgust, Mendelssohn lost or mislaid. Mendelssohn also revived interest in the music of 421:

Abraham Mendelssohn renounced the Jewish religion prior to Felix's birth and he and his wife decided against having Felix

11753: 11703: 9601: 7697: 7143: 1868: 999: 10006: 11758: 11743: 11713: 11708: 11678: 11021: 7538: 7534: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7331: 7327: 7105: 1951: 1823: 1767: 1763: 1590:) was written and revised intermittently between 1829 (when Mendelssohn noted down the opening theme during a visit to 1499: 1495: 6942: 5656: 2408:

expressed consistent admiration for Mendelssohn's music, in contrast to his general scorn for "Teutonic" Romanticism:

1061: 1038: 11693: 9390: 9232: 9098: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7158: 2645: 2334:(grandson of the poet). At the Leipzig Conservatoire Mendelssohn taught classes in composition and ensemble playing. 1471: 1467: 1463: 1257:

at Oxford University. Cécile Mendelssohn Bartholdy died less than six years after her husband, on 25 September 1853.

9986: 6842: 2028:, and even announced it as forthcoming in 1847, the year of Mendelssohn's death. The libretto was eventually set by 1770:, 1837; and 3 in E minor, a posthumously published fragment from 1844); two concertos for two pianos and orchestra ( 7763: 7487: 7483: 7051: 2528: 2178:), a secular 1840s composition, which Mendelssohn felt unsuited to sacred music – has become the standard tune for 1503: 1018: 9981: 9278: 11788: 11783: 11763: 11733: 11728: 11523: 9687: 8007: 7254: 6972: 2368:

and others had been uneasy and equivocal. Listeners who had raised questions about Mendelssohn's talent included

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After Bach's death in 1750, the Passion had been performed a few times until about 1800 by Bach's successors as

11778: 9782: 9212: 9189: 7585: 7514: 7510: 7492: 7212: 5340: 2200: 1848: 410: 11046: 8577: 2870:

Echoes of such views survive today in critiques of Mendelssohn's alleged mediocrity. For a modern example see

1945:

Mendelssohn played and composed for organ from the age of 11 until his death. His primary organ works are the

11547: 11531: 11448: 10966: 10078: 10032: 7829: 7643: 7500: 7316: 7135: 6745: 2508:

gentility, his conventional sentimentality, and his despicable oratorio-mongering". In the 1950s the scholar

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of Handel and of the organ music of J. S. Bach. Scotland inspired two of his most famous works: the overture

624: 620: 573:, which he wrote a year later in 1826, are the best-known of his early works. (Later, in 1843, he also wrote 344: 223: 9001: 7226: 6927: 6872: 530:

Mendelssohn probably made his first public concert appearance at the age of nine, when he participated in a

11688: 11071: 10441: 9222: 8857: 8151: 7907: 7291: 7282: 7273: 7259: 6951: 5753:

The Officina Bodoni, Montagnola, Verona: Books Printed By Giovanni Mardersteig on the Hand Press, 1923–1977

5547: 4038: 2183: 1587: 1572: 1557: 1542: 1007: 955: 838: 809: 777: 738: 714: 708: 569: 559:, a work which has been regarded as "mark the beginning of his maturity as a composer." This Octet and his 549: 235: 197: 191: 35: 9518: 8247: 846:

seemed to many of Mendelssohn's contemporaries to be his finest work, and sealed his European reputation.

11793: 11319: 11134: 10976: 9288: 9237: 9060: 7756: 7595: 7112: 7065: 7035: 6999: 6947: 2575: 1979: 1744: 1708: 1631: 1506:

that Mendelssohn had been closely studying. These four works show an intuitive command of form, harmony,

578: 486:. Sarah Levy displayed some talent as a keyboard player, and often played with Zelter's orchestra at the 186: 11254: 9583: 2764:

In its own English self-designation, the "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy University of Music and Theatre" (

401:

organised by his parents at their home in Berlin included artists, musicians and scientists, among them

11633: 11579: 10956: 10185: 9697: 9105: 8347: 8302: 8176: 8025: 7897: 7727: 7708: 7702: 7665: 7543: 7477: 6965: 6107:

2 volumes. Edited by Felix's nephew, an important collection of letters and documents about the family.

2391: 2352: 1840: 1822:, many of which display an emotional intensity lacking in some of his larger works. In particular, his 1732: 1550: 1474:

in B minor); but his capacities are especially revealed in a group of works of his early maturity: the

1444: 1350: 1234: 793: 727: 644: 340: 17: 11264: 9930: 9707: 4266:"Conspiracy of Silence: Could the Release of Secret Documents Shatter Felix Mendelssohn's Reputation?" 11503: 10903: 10854: 9154: 8924: 8242: 7649: 6676:

The main collections of Mendelssohn's original musical autographs and letters are to be found in the

2788: 2533: 2139:, and for choir with organ. Most are written in or translated into English. Among the most famous is 2129:

Mendelssohn also wrote many smaller-scale sacred works for unaccompanied choir, such as a setting of

1549:. Mendelssohn conducted the symphony on his first visit to London in 1829, with the orchestra of the 1316:, then aged 14. In 1869, Lind erected a plaque in Mendelssohn's memory at his birthplace in Hamburg. 1185: – Mendelssohn was so upset that he immediately went to get a haircut to differentiate himself. 1122: 974: 821: 788: 426: 356: 11184: 10341: 10063: 2236:, Beethoven and J.S. Bach, whose organ music he brought back into the repertoire "virtually alone". 1525: 454:

Mendelssohn began taking piano lessons from his mother when he was six, and at seven was tutored by

11402: 11224: 11114: 11104: 11041: 10807: 10492: 9553: 9283: 8832: 8657: 8013: 8001: 7205: 7072: 2911: 2658: 2087: 1993: 1791: 1748: 1089: 915: 756: 667: 598: 545: 459: 339:, in the same house where, a year later, the dedicatee and first performer of his Violin Concerto, 10981: 10271: 7637: 4265: 2072:

in 1846, are greatly influenced by J. S. Bach. The surviving fragments of an unfinished oratorio,

1443:

The young Mendelssohn was greatly influenced in his childhood by the music of both J. S. Bach and

1177:"I consider it ignoble", calling its villain Bertram "a poor devil". When his friend the composer 475: 390:

blockade. Abraham and Lea Mendelssohn sought to give their children – Fanny, Felix, Paul and

11668: 11174: 11031: 10936: 10792: 10221: 9837: 9227: 9118: 8727: 8144: 7687: 7371: 6906: 6833: 6681: 2463: 2165: 1643: 1309: 1276: 1057: 945: 932: 702: 648: 487: 364: 218: 10047: 9747: 8437: 7580: 6792: 1919: 11593: 11513: 11468: 11463: 11159: 11051: 10951: 10462: 10236: 10175: 9792: 9563: 9128: 9070: 9045: 8877: 8452: 8197: 7682: 7128: 7121: 7044: 6689: 2933: 2119: 2074: 1899: 1407: 986: 871: 742: 406: 292: 10838: 10711: 10497: 10421: 10306: 9732: 8908: 8747: 8622: 8612: 8377: 8061: 7378: 6799:(Both these relate to Felix Mendelssohn, but the Gutenberg system lists him under both names). 6649: 6504: 6464: 6380: 6247:. Translated by Horstmann, Rolf-Peter; Norman, Judith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5924: 1679: 1568:. Mendelssohn remained dissatisfied with the work and did not allow publication of the score. 1429:

wrote that, although Mendelssohn produced works of extraordinary mastery at a very early age,

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complained of Mendelssohn's "spurious religiosity which reflected the element of unconscious

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was for a time mistakenly attributed to him after being lost and rediscovered in the 1970s.

251:, but Felix was initially raised without religion until he was baptised aged seven into the 11643: 11638: 11566: 11139: 10701: 10588: 10513: 10226: 10190: 9892: 9872: 9626: 9313: 9253: 9147: 9082: 9028: 8867: 8322: 8232: 7928: 6915: 6685: 2722: 2494: 2282: 2233: 1664: 1546: 1014: 1003: 936: 866: 850: 606: 402: 379: 11239: 11056: 10291: 10068: 9925: 9646: 9611: 8827: 5696: 895:

In 1843 Mendelssohn founded a major music school – the Leipzig Conservatory, now the

8: 11498: 11357: 11061: 10946: 10787: 10170: 10165: 10001: 9742: 9677: 9293: 9077: 8995: 8697: 8532: 7983: 7858: 7659: 7572: 7548: 7091: 6697: 5452: 5365: 2709: 2501: 2405: 2108: 2062: 2053: 1885: 1487: 1475: 1386: 1365: 1230: 1126: 829: 564: 556: 523: 391: 259:, but his parents were cautious and did not seek to capitalise on his talent. His sister 240: 227: 206: 11149: 10665: 10482: 10022: 9960: 9807: 9636: 8672: 8472: 8462: 8307: 2476:

include a statue of Mendelssohn when it was rebuilt. Mendelssohn's "Wedding March" from

2029: 11554: 11274: 11036: 11026: 10911: 10802: 10696: 10538: 10487: 10400: 10296: 10266: 10256: 10104: 9902: 9591: 9483: 9424: 9202: 8990: 8837: 8772: 8677: 8607: 8592: 8572: 8427: 8277: 7995: 7892: 7821: 7779: 7625: 6762: 6722: 6693: 6619: 6495: 6473: 6455: 6300: 6263: 6203: 6181: 6166: 5915: 5806: 5751: 5413: 4540:"Mendelssohn takes top spot as greatest child prodigy of all time. But where's Mozart?" 2705: 2545:

concluded that, if Mendelssohn indeed missed true greatness, he missed it "by a hair".

2473: 2331: 2261: 2115: 1615: 1420: 1246: 1130: 923:

commemorating Mendelssohn's residence in England at 4 Hobart Place in Belgravia, London

734:, where he was appointed musical director (his first paid post as a musician) in 1833. 684: 602:. The failure of this production left him disinclined to venture into the genre again. 387: 278: 10436: 10316: 9513: 8782: 6784: 2858:." From a letter to Marc-André Souchay of 15 October 1842; Mendelssohn's own emphases. 2765: 1538:

sketches soon after he began work on No. 5 but completing it after both Nos. 5 and 4.

1049:. Although he had been generally meticulous in the management of his affairs, he died 1010:, who authored and translated many of Mendelssohn's works during his time in England. 11488: 11458: 11422: 11367: 11289: 11219: 11144: 11081: 10986: 10971: 10941: 10782: 10757: 10731: 10670: 10660: 10558: 10553: 10543: 10211: 10180: 10124: 10119: 9935: 9920: 9842: 9727: 9672: 9596: 9508: 9461: 9364: 9354: 9318: 9184: 9124: 9007: 8887: 8872: 8812: 8792: 8752: 8737: 8717: 8652: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8617: 8597: 8372: 8367: 8272: 8103: 8085: 8073: 7848: 7793: 7655: 7621: 7098: 7058: 6796: 6788: 6749: 6738: 6710: 6653: 6640: 6626: 6603: 6602:. Translated by Ellis, W. Ashton. Lincoln, NE; London: University of Nebraska Press. 6584: 6565: 6552: 6536: 6517: 6479: 6439: 6407: 6400: 6384: 6371: 6355: 6336: 6317: 6269: 6248: 6231: 6225: 6210: 6187: 6154: 6135: 6118: 6098: 6079: 6060: 6047: 6004: 5998: 5983: 5964: 5947: 5928: 5899: 5873: 5850: 5844: 5825: 5819: 5810: 5777: 5758: 5737: 5458: 3746: 3648: 2481: 2468: 2430: 2220: 2212: 2107:

mountains in the early days of Christianity. This score has been seen by the scholar

2068: 1969: 1411: 1293: 1189: 1162: 994: 827:

A landmark event during Mendelssohn's Leipzig years was the premiere of his oratorio

398: 368: 352: 325: 260: 248: 212: 10828: 10823: 10706: 9543: 9493: 8342: 8091: 6186:. Translated by Tomlinson, C. New York: Fromm International Publishing Corporation. 2752: 1639: 1373:

by adding texts: "What music I love expresses to me, are not thoughts that are too

1344: 172: 11605: 11094: 10991: 10916: 10833: 10797: 10675: 10650: 10645: 10346: 10336: 10331: 10321: 10311: 10286: 10216: 10139: 10114: 9682: 9631: 9528: 9369: 9359: 9342: 9303: 9298: 9273: 9012: 8964: 8852: 8807: 8802: 8742: 8557: 8512: 8357: 8327: 8297: 8237: 8109: 8031: 7952: 7940: 7887: 6806: 6677: 6500: 6460: 6292: 6025: 5920: 5798: 5551: 2787:

One assessment of the type of stroke from which the Mendelssohn family suffered is

2601: 2517: 2306: 2269: 1911: 1698: 1652: 1426: 1356: 1254: 1178: 1173: 1167: 960: 904: 582: 574: 272:

Mendelssohn enjoyed early success in Germany, and revived interest in the music of

176: 11269: 11259: 10477: 10251: 10088: 9752: 9430: 8687: 8392: 6811: 6037: 3676: 3637: 2347: 2281:

side by side at the door of the council chamber". At Leipzig, Mendelssohn led the

2025: 1719: 1651:) in 1830, inspired by visits to Scotland around the end of the 1820s. He visited 1626: 643:

In 1821 Zelter introduced Mendelssohn to his friend and correspondent, the writer

11493: 11478: 11453: 11377: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11214: 11199: 11154: 11089: 10961: 10931: 10777: 10772: 10655: 10578: 10568: 10518: 10426: 10301: 10195: 10134: 10129: 9996: 9940: 9857: 9847: 9667: 9651: 9606: 9573: 9446: 9396: 9334: 9323: 9065: 8959: 8954: 8934: 8929: 8903: 8817: 8767: 8692: 8662: 8627: 8587: 8317: 8312: 8282: 8222: 6938: 5802: 5703: 5692: 5663: 5388: 5372: 4270: 2880: 2871: 2859: 2802: 2726: 2509: 2448: 2327: 2301: 2286:

using tempos in his performances of Beethoven symphonies that were far too fast.

2215:, expressed her intention of singing to the composer her favourite of his songs, 2015: 1880: 1852: 1598: 1591: 1313: 1146: 817: 747: 679: 615: 593: 231: 10874: 9812: 9207: 8527: 8412: 8126: 6283:

Sanders, L.G.D. (1956). "Jenny Lind, Sullivan and the Mendelssohn Scholarship".

5896:

Jewry in Music: Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner

2825:

and others, for expressions of both points of view; and see Conway (2012) for a

2805:, "it is true that he did not go very often to hear him perform Divine Service". 2505: 2264:(then a great novelty). But his novelty also extended to taking great care over 966:

commemorating Mendelssohn's residence in London was placed at 4 Hobart Place in

320: 11417: 11387: 11352: 11342: 11324: 11229: 11189: 11124: 10996: 10926: 10767: 10752: 10680: 10624: 10614: 10583: 10563: 10472: 10395: 10375: 10360: 10281: 10241: 9945: 9897: 9827: 9722: 9702: 9641: 9538: 9402: 9328: 9055: 8969: 8862: 8847: 8822: 8762: 8757: 8722: 8582: 8562: 8552: 8507: 8487: 8467: 8447: 8432: 8422: 8407: 8387: 8292: 8252: 8217: 8207: 8167: 8115: 8079: 8055: 7165: 6843:

Complete Edition: Leipzig Edition of the Letters of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

6673:

There are numerous published editions and selections of Mendelssohn's letters.

6112: 4261: 3922: 2894: 2561: 2386: 2369: 2361: 2248: 2208: 2179: 2141: 2032:. At his death Mendelssohn left some sketches for an opera on the story of the 2011: 1832: 1740: 1611: 1530: 1491: 1201: 1182: 1154: 982: 900: 813: 805: 586: 466:. From at least May 1819 Mendelssohn (initially with his sister Fanny) studied 463: 296: 288: 160: 11432: 11001: 10027: 9991: 9802: 8352: 6122: 6029: 1141: 143: 54: 11627: 11427: 11392: 11382: 11362: 11294: 11244: 11109: 11099: 10884: 10859: 10747: 10721: 10609: 10390: 10261: 9867: 9797: 9772: 9762: 9717: 9417: 8842: 8777: 8712: 8567: 8522: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8202: 8049: 7631: 6630: 6235: 6158: 6102: 5951: 5840: 2822: 2548: 2542: 2196: 2044: 1894: 1863: 1819: 1807: 1459: 1391: 1302: 1206: 689: 531: 495: 491: 483: 397:

Mendelssohn grew up in an intellectual environment. Frequent visitors to the

265: 256: 168: 10619: 6714: 5781: 5741: 5736:(in Russian) (2 vols. ed.). Leningrad: State Musical Publishing House. 731: 458:

in Paris. Later in Berlin, all four Mendelssohn children studied piano with

11617: 11397: 11372: 11347: 11314: 11284: 11204: 11164: 11066: 11011: 10921: 10889: 10879: 10864: 10604: 10467: 10457: 10431: 10276: 10231: 9955: 9887: 9877: 9817: 9767: 9712: 9523: 9441: 9412: 9263: 8787: 8707: 8702: 8682: 8647: 8497: 8492: 8477: 8457: 8417: 8402: 8382: 8212: 8192: 8067: 8043: 7934: 7912: 7902: 7748: 7615: 7611: 5913:

Daverio, John; Sams, Eric (2001). "Schumann, Robert". In Deane Root (ed.).

5462: 2827: 2739: 2516:

in our morality". A contrasting opinion came from the pianist and composer

2490: 2425: 2274: 1630:

Trumpet part (top) and the main theme in the violin part (bottom), of the "

1507: 1448: 1415: 801: 767: 761: 467: 422: 360: 304: 10762: 8332: 6354:. Translated by Bell, Clara; Fuller-Maitland, J.A. New York: Dover Books. 2082:, a chorus "There Shall a Star Come out of Jacob", and a male voice trio. 1502:(1827), which both show a remarkable grasp of the techniques and ideas of 502:

especially reflect a tonal clarity and use of counterpoint reminiscent of

11412: 11279: 11129: 10726: 10629: 10573: 10380: 10246: 9950: 9882: 9616: 9477: 9436: 9385: 9258: 9170: 9050: 8797: 8732: 8537: 8517: 8362: 8337: 7882: 7877: 6883: 3923:"Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1809–1847): the mystery of his early death" 2365: 2299:

conflict with publishers; for instance, his edition of Handel's oratorio

2240: 2199:

settings. Some, such as his best-known song "Auf Flügeln des Gesanges" ("

2146: 2020: 2003: 1803: 1694: 1565: 1403: 1395: 1158: 1106: 963: 920: 883: 632: 628: 535: 455: 433: 284: 3750: 2841:

though with what degree of reliability must remain highly questionable".

1233:

universities; he died in a psychiatric institution in Freiburg aged 59.

1033: 378:

in 1811, leaving Hamburg in disguise in fear of French reprisal for the

10533: 9852: 9832: 9822: 9471: 9308: 8939: 8542: 8097: 8037: 7219: 6890: 6436:

The Oxford History of Western Music. 3: Music in the Nineteenth Century

6018:

Firman, Rosemary (2004). "Bennett, Sir William Sterndale (1816–1875)".

2914:

in 2009 to mark the composer's bicentenary. Accessed 12 September 2021.

2907: 2170: 2095:), a setting for chorus and orchestra of a ballad by Goethe describing 2079: 1907: 1844: 1283:

Mendelssohn met and worked with Lind many times, and started an opera,

1266: 1242: 1105:

Mendelssohn was an enthusiastic visual artist who worked in pencil and

1073: 1069: 682:, Mendelssohn arranged and conducted a performance in Berlin of Bach's 519: 479: 336: 6304: 6227:

Life of Moscheles, with selections from his Diaries and Correspondence

2850:"Das, was mir eine Musik ausspricht, die ich liebe, sind mir nicht zu 159:, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early 11194: 10523: 10405: 9737: 9456: 8882: 8287: 8227: 7264: 7149: 2513: 2439: 2130: 1964: 1743:

called it one of the four great violin concertos along with those of

1602: 1065: 1050: 1013:

On his last visit to Britain in 1847, Mendelssohn was the soloist in

967: 928: 861: 438: 252: 6957: 6857: 6851: 5691:

For example, five of his works feature in the British radio station

2294:

Mendelssohn's interest in baroque music was not limited to the Bach

1241:

dye. Marie married Victor Benecke and lived in London. Lili married

1212: 1025:

with the Philharmonic Orchestra before the Queen and Prince Albert.

678:

In 1829, with the backing of Zelter and the assistance of the actor

155:(3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847), widely known as 11334: 8974: 6861: 6296: 6076:"Blut und Geist": Bach, Mendelssohn und ihre Musik im Dritten Reich 5068: 3905: 3903: 2574:

includes a modern and fully researched catalogue of his works, the

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in D minor (1822); four piano concertos ("no. 0" in A minor, 1822;

1736: 1689: 1656: 1046: 940: 383: 202: 164: 6493:

Todd, R. Larry (2001). "Mendelssohn, Felix". In Deane Root (ed.).

5247:"Mendelssohn kehrt zurück Rekonstruiertes Denkmal am Dittrichring" 5140: 5032: 3400: 1451:

and Mozart; traces of these composers can be seen in the 13 early

935:, whom he later recommended for the post of professor of music at 592:

In 1824 Mendelssohn studied under the composer and piano virtuoso

11006: 9757: 9348: 8949: 8136: 6815: 5164: 4732: 4621: 3688: 2277:

sends us to hunt in the land of souls, may our warriors hang our

2150: 2033: 1288: 1238: 1237:(1841–1880) was a noted chemist and pioneered the manufacture of 1222: 1094: 888: 693: 610: 499: 332: 96: 78: 6879: 6826:

edited by the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig

5866:""Short, Dark and Jewish-Looking": Felix Mendelssohn in Britain" 4888: 4662: 4660: 3929:, 74 (9), September 2006, pp. 522–527, summarized in English on 3900: 3888: 3828: 3595: 3499: 3412: 3026: 623:, where from 1826 to 1829 he attended lectures on aesthetics by 367:. Mendelssohn was the second of four children; his older sister 9451: 6873:

A Renaissance Man Among the Romantics: Felix Mendelssohn at 200

4876: 4684: 4609: 4472: 2556: 1660: 1490:, at the time a close friend of Mendelssohn, and the two early 375: 9139: 7733: 4436: 3816: 3451: 3439: 3242: 2625: 2619: 2111:

as a "Jewish protest against the domination of Christianity".

1006:. It was composed to a German text translated into English by 897:

Hochschule für Musik und Theater "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy"

770:, the editorship of the prestigious Leipzig music journal the 247:

Mendelssohn's grandfather was the renowned Jewish philosopher

11804:

Academic staff of the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig

6707:

Letters of Felix Mendelssohn to Ignaz and Charlotte Moscheles

6453:

Temperley, Nicholas (2008). "Overture". In Deane Root (ed.).

5657:

Mendelssohn Foundation website, "List of Mendelssohn's Works"

5613: 5432: 4780: 4720: 4696: 4657: 4277: 4120: 4048: 2265: 2154: 2100: 4672: 4460: 4132: 3960: 3705: 3703: 3607: 3571: 3523: 2942:

Hochschule für Musik und Theater Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

1711:", was written in 1843, seventeen years after the Overture. 9407: 8944: 6823:

Leipzig Edition of the Works by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

6535:. New York and London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. 4852: 4204: 3638:

Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (1975).

3230: 3146: 3086: 2634: 2610: 2459: 2239:

Mendelssohn admired the grand pianos of the Viennese maker

2104: 2018:

tried to contract him to write an opera from Shakespeare's

1571:

Mendelssohn's travels in Italy inspired him to compose the

1370: 6421:

Sterndale Bennett, R. (1955). "The Death of Mendelssohn".

6117:. Translated by von Glehn, M.E. London: MacMillan and Co. 4448: 4424: 4301: 4108: 3727: 3038: 2052:

arranged by Mendelssohn for piano duet (manuscript in the

989:, himself a composer, who both greatly admired his music. 514: 371:

also displayed exceptional and precocious musical talent.

5638: 5309: 4756: 4573: 4496: 4180: 4168: 4084: 3700: 3583: 2118:" for chorus and orchestra. Schumann opined in 1837 that 1514: 651:

in the following conversation between Goethe and Zelter:

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By the early twentieth century, many critics, including

2480:

was played at the wedding of Queen Victoria's daughter,

5946:. Translated by N. MacFarren. London: Richard Bentley. 5188: 5080: 4804: 4361: 4337: 4325: 4313: 4240: 4216: 3876: 3864: 3852: 3619: 3559: 3511: 3463: 3376: 3328: 3316: 3304: 3122: 3074: 3050: 2751:

In 1842 Mendelssohn was awarded by the King the honour

2247:. On one occasion in London, when asked by the soprano 1977:) was rehearsed for him on his 15th birthday. 1829 saw 860:, and, at the King's request, music for productions of 5529: 5493: 5481: 5469: 5285: 5176: 5008: 4996: 4984: 4972: 4900: 4864: 4828: 4484: 4412: 4400: 4349: 4237:, Bodleian Library website. Retrieved 3 December 2017. 4020: 4008: 3475: 3288:. Kennedy-center.org. 17 February 2011. Archived from 2947: 2659:[ˈjaːkɔpˈluːtvɪçˈfeːlɪksˈmɛndl̩szoːnbaʁˈtɔldi] 2351:

The reconstructed Mendelssohn monument near Leipzig's

581:".) The Overture is perhaps the earliest example of a 283:

from more adventurous musical contemporaries, such as

11577: 5224: 5200: 5116: 5056: 4840: 4816: 4708: 4633: 4373: 4257: 4255: 3936: 3804: 3792: 3780: 3429: 3427: 3340: 3254: 3194: 3170: 3158: 3110: 3098: 3014: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2704:

Since 1806 Hamburg had been an independent city, the

2646: 2637: 2631: 2622: 2613: 2458:

in 1847: "To the noble artist who, surrounded by the

1917:

Other notable piano works by Mendelssohn include his

1723:

Violin Concerto Op. 64, main theme of second movement

1136: 638: 7982: 6834:

Texts and translations of vocal music by Mendelssohn

6621:

Mendelssohn, A New Image of the Composer and his Age

6097:(4th revised ed.). London: Sampson Low and Co. 5321: 5261: 5212: 5152: 5128: 5092: 5044: 4960: 4768: 4645: 4289: 4144: 3984: 3206: 3062: 2971: 2616: 1879:

The musicologist Glenn Stanley observes that "nlike

1618:; the first performance took place on 25 June 1840. 737:

In the spring of that year Mendelssohn directed the

6134:. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. 5961:

A Sense of Occasion: Mendelssohn in Birmingham 1846

5709: 5505: 5385:"Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy – The Jewish Question" 5241: 5239: 4957:

on Carus Verlag website. Retrieved 3 December 2017.

4072: 4060: 3948: 3840: 3715: 3547: 3352: 3266: 3134: 2821:, vols. 82–83 (1998), with articles by J. Sposato, 2607: 2604: 1677:, 1828), inspired by a pair of poems by Goethe and 1377:for me to put into words, but on the contrary, too 6737: 6648:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 6639: 6618: 6560:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 6551: 6399: 6379:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 6370: 6202: 6055:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 6046: 5750: 5517: 4252: 3972: 3535: 3487: 3424: 3388: 3364: 3218: 3182: 2995: 2085:Strikingly different is the more overtly Romantic 1933:, Op. 35 (written between 1832 and 1837), and the 343:, would be born. Mendelssohn's father, the banker 331:Felix Mendelssohn was born on 3 February 1809, in 30:"Mendelssohn" redirects here. For other uses, see 6583:. Translated by Grey, Andrew. New York: Da Capo. 6420: 6048:"Mendelssohn and the Rise of Musical Historicism" 3909: 11625: 5236: 2908:conference "Viewing Mendelssohn, Viewing Elijah" 2854:Gedanken, um sie in Worte zu fassen, sondern zu 1265:Mendelssohn became close to the Swedish soprano 6848:Information about the ongoing complete edition. 6830:Information about the ongoing complete edition. 6705:Mendelssohn, Felix (1888). F. Moscheles (ed.). 5944:My Recollections of Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy 5824:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2884:11 November 2010, retrieved 25 September 2017). 2551:, in a chapter on Mendelssohn in his 1995 book 2372:, who wrote in 1836 after hearing the oratorio 2309:where not given by Handel, or to add parts for 1967:for family performance in his youth. His opera 741:in Düsseldorf, beginning with a performance of 11799:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) 1855:" style, considerably heightening its effect. 1818:Mendelssohn's mature output contains numerous 1687:Mendelssohn also wrote in 1839 an overture to 973:His protégé, the British composer and pianist 552:for full orchestra (in C minor, Op. 11). 9155: 8152: 7968: 7764: 6973: 6516:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. 6200: 6180:Mendelssohn, Felix (1986). Elvers, R. (ed.). 5619: 5600: 5438: 5170: 4882: 4786: 4738: 4726: 4702: 4690: 4678: 4666: 4627: 4615: 4478: 4283: 4138: 4126: 3966: 3894: 3834: 3694: 3682: 3613: 3601: 3577: 3529: 3505: 3457: 3406: 3248: 3236: 3152: 3092: 3044: 1758:Mendelssohn also wrote a lesser-known, early 1564:. It celebrated the 300th anniversary of the 700:some of his most famous works, including the 522:of Mendelssohn's Octet (1825) (now in the US 244:are his most famous solo piano compositions. 11674:Burials at Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof I, Berlin 7778: 6902:(her novel with a hero based on Mendelssohn) 6024:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 5410:"Mendelssohn's statue returns to Düsseldorf" 2060:Mendelssohn's two large biblical oratorios, 1693:, commissioned for a charity performance of 6625:. New York; London: Free Press of Glencoe. 6316:(in German). Frankfurt: S. Fischer Verlag. 6179: 5912: 5788: 4307: 4054: 3589: 1556:During 1829 and 1830 Mendelssohn wrote his 833:, (the English version of this is known as 163:period. Mendelssohn's compositions include 11684:German classical composers of church music 9162: 9148: 8159: 8145: 7975: 7961: 7771: 7757: 6980: 6966: 6727:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6171:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6073: 5361: 4274:, 12 January 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2014 1330:Category:Compositions by Felix Mendelssohn 167:, concertos, piano music, organ music and 53: 6932:International Music Score Library Project 6748:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6478:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 6452: 6397: 6242: 6223: 6209:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5898:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5776:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5731: 5568: 5315: 4762: 3647:. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag. p. 66. 3322: 3310: 3032: 2486:Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia 1697:'s drama (which the composer hated). His 1621: 1458:His first published works were his three 1326:List of compositions by Felix Mendelssohn 931:, where he met among others the composer 910: 688:. Four years previously his grandmother, 11699:German Calvinist and Reformed Christians 6549: 6433: 6132:Music, Musicians and the Saint-Simonians 5941: 5791:Journal of the Royal Musical Association 5666:(in German). Retrieved 17 December 2017. 5450: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4466: 4454: 4390: 4388: 4367: 4090: 4014: 4002: 3481: 2527: 2346: 2337: 2043: 1862: 1718: 1625: 1524: 1343: 1272:Journal of the Royal Musical Association 1211: 1200: 1196: 1140: 1097: – watercolour by Mendelssohn, 1847 1088: 1032: 1002:and premiered on 26 August 1846, at the 914: 820:discovered the manuscript of Schubert's 787: 755:. Mendelssohn worked with the dramatist 513: 319: 153:Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy 6505:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.51795 6465:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20616 6368: 6311: 6282: 6148: 6044: 6021:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5925:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40704 5838: 5771: 5567:See Rubinstein's concert programmes in 5535: 5366:Martin Luther Memorial Church, Eisenach 5086: 4810: 4418: 4406: 4343: 4331: 4319: 4246: 4222: 4210: 3927:Fortschritte der neurologie-Psychologie 3810: 3798: 3786: 2674:Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2581: 2322:William Sterndale Bennett, the pianist 2223:), which Felix confessed was by Fanny. 2168:of a melody from Mendelssohn's cantata 14: 11626: 6740:The Cambridge Companion to Mendelssohn 6646:The Cambridge Companion to Mendelssohn 6637: 6616: 6597: 6578: 6558:The Cambridge Companion to Mendelssohn 6377:The Cambridge Companion to Mendelssohn 6349: 6114:Mendelssohn: Letters and Recollections 6110: 6092: 6053:The Cambridge Companion to Mendelssohn 6017: 6000:The national and religious song reader 5996: 5977: 5958: 5893: 5863: 5678:of the Leipzig Edition of Mendelssohn 5596: 5511: 5499: 5487: 5475: 5303: 5291: 5182: 5038: 5014: 5002: 4990: 4978: 4906: 4894: 4870: 4858: 4639: 4355: 4162: 4114: 4102: 3978: 3942: 3882: 3870: 3822: 3758: 3733: 3709: 3641:Die Mitglieder des Ordens. 1 1842–1881 3445: 3260: 3212: 3200: 3128: 3104: 3056: 2989: 2977: 2965: 2114:Mendelssohn wrote five settings from " 1287:, for her, based on the legend of the 1056:Mendelssohn's funeral was held at the 462:, who was himself a former student of 276:, notably with his performance of the 11509:Romanticism and the French Revolution 9143: 8140: 7956: 7752: 6987: 6961: 6330: 6268:. Harvard: Harvard University Press. 6261: 6151:Romanticism and the Twentieth Century 6129: 5817: 5644: 5604: 5583: 5230: 5206: 5194: 5146: 5122: 5074: 5062: 4846: 4822: 4714: 4554: 4442: 4430: 4385: 4379: 4295: 4174: 4078: 4039:"Visual Artwork by Felix Mendelssohn" 4026: 3685:, pp. 163–164, 168–170, 182–185. 3272: 3068: 2944:, Leipzig, retrieved 26 January 2019. 2657: 2482:Princess Victoria, The Princess Royal 783: 506:, whose music influenced him deeply. 255:church. He was recognised early as a 11749:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni 7698:Fanny & Felix Mendelssohn Museum 6900:by Elizabeth Sheppard (1891 edition) 6793:Works by Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy 6530: 6511: 6492: 6471: 6183:Felix Mendelssohn, A Life in Letters 5748: 5715: 5632: 5608: 5523: 5341:"Music and the Holocaust: Carl Orff" 5327: 5279: 5267: 5218: 5158: 5134: 5110: 5098: 5050: 5026: 4966: 4942: 4930: 4918: 4834: 4798: 4774: 4750: 4651: 4603: 4591: 4579: 4567: 4526: 4514: 4502: 4490: 4394: 4198: 4186: 4150: 4066: 3990: 3954: 3858: 3846: 3721: 3625: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3517: 3493: 3469: 3433: 3418: 3394: 3382: 3370: 3358: 3346: 3334: 3224: 3188: 3176: 3164: 3140: 3116: 3080: 3020: 3008: 2953: 2876:"Why did Mendelssohn lose his mojo?" 2342: 1707:(Op. 61), including the well-known " 1402:presented a problem in adherence to 1205:Mendelssohn's wife Cécile (1846) by 1060:, Leipzig, and he was buried at the 577:for the play, including the famous " 548:. In 1824 the 15-year-old wrote his 449: 324:Felix Mendelssohn aged 12 (1821) by 9018:Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle 6803:Works by or about Felix Mendelssohn 6438:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6406:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6074:Hansen, Jörg; Vogt, Gerald (2009). 5846:Thirty Years' Musical Recollections 4045:website. Retrieved 3 December 2017. 1798:), Op. 113 and 114, originally for 1486:also owes much to the influence of 1000:Birmingham Triennial Music Festival 171:. His best-known works include the 24: 8166: 7106:Denn er hat seinen Engeln befohlen 6736:Mercer-Taylor, Peter, ed. (2004). 6668: 6514:Mendelssohn – A Life in Music 2708:of Hamburg; it was annexed to the 2523: 1137:Mendelssohn and his contemporaries 780:; he accepted the latter in 1835. 639:Meeting Goethe and conducting Bach 25: 11820: 6773: 6688:in Berlin. The autographs of his 6644:. In Mercer-Taylor, Peter (ed.). 6600:Judaism in Music and Other Essays 6556:. In Mercer-Taylor, Peter (ed.). 6375:. In Mercer-Taylor, Peter (ed.). 6051:. In Mercer-Taylor, Peter (ed.). 5980:Mendelssohn and Victorian England 5732:Barenboim, Lev Aronovich (1962). 3755:website, accessed 9 January 2015. 2721:The translation was reprinted by 1731:, Op. 64 (1844), was written for 1675:Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt 1216:Jenny Lind by Eduard Magnus, 1862 1072:included Moscheles, Schumann and 509: 11649:19th-century classical composers 11611: 11599: 11587: 11562: 11561: 9123: 9114: 9113: 8125: 7943:(descendant of Saul Mendelssohn) 7732: 7723: 7722: 6948:Free scores by Felix Mendelssohn 6928:Free scores by Felix Mendelssohn 6865: 6769:. New York: Pantheon Books, Inc. 6402:The Concerto: A Listener's Guide 5772:Bennett, J.R. Sterndale (1907). 5685: 5669: 5650: 5625: 5589: 5561: 5541: 5457:. Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co. 5444: 5402: 5377: 5355: 5333: 4948: 4532: 4228: 3766:"Mendelssohn, Felix (1809–1847)" 2900: 2887: 2864: 2844: 2834: 2808: 2600: 1813: 1079: 1037:Mendelssohn's gravestone at the 766:posts, namely, direction of the 665:(Op. 27, 1828), and the cantata 555:At age 16 Mendelssohn wrote his 142: 11809:German string quartet composers 11769:German male classical organists 11739:German people of Jewish descent 11659:19th-century conductors (music) 11654:19th-century classical pianists 9169: 8008:Johann Philipp Christoph Schulz 6921: 6352:Johann Sebastian Bach (3 vols.) 6078:. Eisenach: Bachhaus Eisenach. 5757:. London: The British Library. 4032: 3933:website, accessed 1 March 2018. 3915: 3739: 3631: 3278: 2794: 2781: 2771: 2758: 2745: 2732: 2715: 2039: 1760:concerto for violin and strings 773:Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung 494:and early classical music. His 11724:German male conductors (music) 11719:German male classical pianists 7842:Abraham Mendelssohn's children 7448:Four pieces for string quartet 7365:Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage 6912:Resources on Felix Mendelssohn 6692:are in Special Collections at 6335:. London: Kahn & Averill. 6230:. London: Hirst and Blackett. 5554:'s recording of Mendelssohn's 2927: 2698: 2688: 2664: 2593: 2444:German Mendelssohn Scholarship 1940: 1858: 1670:Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage 1438: 1084: 662:Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage 411:Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet 13: 1: 11664:19th-century German composers 11532:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 7830:Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy 7826:Henriette (Maria) Mendelssohn 7180:Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt 6746:Cambridge Companions to Music 6243:Nietzsche, Friedrich (2002). 6224:Moscheles, Charlotte (1873). 6201:Mercer-Taylor, Peter (2000). 5774:The Life of Sterndale Bennett 5706:. Retrieved 16 December 2017. 5682:. Retrieved 16 December 2017. 5077:, pp. 206, 211–216, 222. 2326:, the violinist and composer 2136:Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt 1774:, which he wrote at 14 , and 1520: 1260: 721: 625:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 335:, at the time an independent 230:, and the melody used in the 7908:Alexander Carl Otto Westphal 7807:Moses Mendelssohn's children 7693:MendelssohnKammerChor Berlin 6952:Choral Public Domain Library 6553:"Mendelssohn as Progressive" 6472:Todd, R. Larry, ed. (1991). 6038:UK public library membership 5982:. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. 5868:. In Massil, Stephen (ed.). 5803:10.1080/02690403.2013.771961 5734:Anton Grigorevich Rubinstein 5451:Sheppard, Elizabeth (1891). 5249:(in German). City of Leipzig 5149:, pp. 241–243, 245–247. 3421:, pp. 188–190, 269–270. 2768:, accessed 6 November 2017.) 2255: 2226: 2184:Hark! The Herald Angels Sing 1788:Serenade and Allegro Giocoso 1714: 1245:, later professor of law at 872:an overture and seven pieces 778:Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra 739:Lower Rhenish Music Festival 557:String Octet in E-flat major 315: 236:Hark! The Herald Angels Sing 36:Mendelssohn (disambiguation) 7: 11774:German male opera composers 9061:Gothic Revival architecture 7634:(mother’s side grandmother} 7590:Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35 7113:Wer bis an das Ende beharrt 7066:Die Heimkehr aus der Fremde 7000:Mendelssohn-Werkverzeichnis 6864:(public domain audiobooks) 6499:. Oxford University Press. 6459:. Oxford University Press. 6398:Steinberg, Michael (1998). 6312:Schoeps, Julius S. (2009). 6003:. New York: Haworth Press. 5919:. Oxford University Press. 2934:"Geschichte der Hochschule" 2576:Mendelssohn-Werkverzeichnis 2182:'s popular Christmas hymn " 1980:Die Heimkehr aus der Fremde 1935:Seven Characteristic Pieces 1849:Piano Trio No. 1 in D minor 1790:of 1838. He also wrote two 1634:" from Mendelssohn's Op. 61 1529:Portrait of Mendelssohn by 1334: 1275:that "The Committee of the 1112: 27:German composer (1809–1847) 10: 11825: 11754:Jewish classical composers 11704:German classical organists 11449:Coleridge's theory of life 9002:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 8177:List of Romantic composers 7898:Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy 7871:Other descendants of Moses 7796:(married Fromet Gugenheim) 7709:Mendelssohn is on the Roof 7703:Mendelssohn House, Leipzig 7640:(mother’s side great aunt) 7227:Festgesang an die Künstler 6858:Works by Felix Mendelssohn 6785:Works by Felix Mendelssohn 6767:Felix Mendelssohn: Letters 6434:Taruskin, Richard (2010). 6111:Hiller, Ferdinand (1874). 6093:Hensel, Sebastian (1884). 5872:. Valentine and Mitchell. 5849:. New York: Vienna House. 5724: 2789:subarachnoidal haemorrhage 2392:Das Judenthum in der Musik 2316: 2001:), based on an episode in 1729:Violin Concerto in E minor 1323: 1235:Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy 728:Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen 645:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 478:, who had been a pupil of 416: 29: 11759:Jewish classical pianists 11744:German Romantic composers 11714:German conductors (music) 11709:German classical pianists 11679:Child classical musicians 11541: 11504:Romanticism and economics 11441: 11333: 11080: 10902: 10847: 10816: 10740: 10689: 10638: 10597: 10506: 10450: 10414: 10368: 10359: 10204: 10148: 10097: 10056: 10015: 9969: 9911: 9781: 9660: 9582: 9519:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 9501: 9492: 9378: 9246: 9177: 9093: 9038: 8983: 8917: 8896: 8183: 8174: 8123: 7991: 7921: 7870: 7841: 7806: 7786: 7718: 7675: 7650:Lea Mendelssohn Bartholdy 7604: 7561: 7456: 7399: 7392: 7356: 7322:Piano, Violin and Strings 7304: 7247: 7240: 7197: 7082: 7029:A Midsummer Night's Dream 7020: 7013: 6995: 6880:"Discovering Mendelssohn" 6680:, Oxford University, the 6475:Mendelssohn and his World 6333:Alkan: The man, the music 6314:Das Erbe der Mendelssohns 6149:Mellers, Wilfrid (1957). 5963:. Studley: Brewin Books. 5942:Devrient, Eduard (1869). 5870:The Jewish Year Book 2009 5821:A Portrait of Mendelssohn 2803:Reformed Parochial Church 2681:Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn 2534:Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow 2478:A Midsummer Night's Dream 2436:A Midsummer Night's Dream 2289: 2164: – an adaptation by 2093:The First Walpurgis Night 1949:, Op. 37 (1837), and the 1947:Three Preludes and Fugues 1704:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1588:Symphony No. 3 in A minor 1573:Symphony No. 4 in A major 1543:Symphony No. 1 in C minor 1504:Beethoven's last quartets 1480:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1121:congregation of Berlin's 1062:Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof I 975:William Sterndale Bennett 880:A Midsummer Night's Dream 673:The First Walpurgis Night 570:A Midsummer Night's Dream 444: 182:A Midsummer Night's Dream 141: 136: 126: 103: 85: 64: 52: 45: 11694:Composers for pipe organ 9284:German historical school 9023:Tchaikovsky and The Five 8014:Christian August Pohlenz 8002:Johann Gottfried Schicht 7780:Moses Mendelssohn family 7265:No. 2 (symphony-cantata 7206:Die erste Walpurgisnacht 7188:Mitten wir im Leben sind 7173:Lord, have mercy upon us 7073:Die Hochzeit des Camacho 6907:Leeds University Library 6778: 6598:Wagner, Richard (1995). 6579:Wagner, Richard (1992). 6372:"The music for keyboard" 6350:Spitta, Philipp (1972). 6130:Locke, Ralph P. (1986). 5997:Emmett, William (1996). 5362:Hansen & Vogt (2009) 4897:, p. 159 (vol. II). 4542:. BBC. 13 September 2009 4445:, pp. 311, 317–318. 2912:Arizona State University 2424:In the 20th century the 2189: 2088:Die erste Walpurgisnacht 2048:Part of the overture to 1994:Die Hochzeit des Camacho 1958: 1339: 1319: 1028: 998:was commissioned by the 792:The composer's study in 668:Die erste Walpurgisnacht 599:Die Hochzeit des Camacho 409:, and the mathematician 9931:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 7688:Mendelssohn Scholarship 6891:Mendelssohn in Scotland 6852:The Mendelssohn Project 6682:New York Public Library 6550:Vitercik, Greg (2004). 6531:Todd, R. Larry (2007). 6512:Todd, R. Larry (2003). 6369:Stanley, Glenn (2004). 6265:The Romantic Generation 6262:Rosen, Charles (1995). 6205:The Life of Mendelssohn 6045:Garratt, James (2004). 5959:Duggan, Audrey (1998). 5839:Chorley, Henry (1972). 5662:9 February 2017 at the 5412:. Classical-music.com ( 5364:, cited on web page of 4043:The Mendelssohn Project 3825:, p. 292 (vol. I). 3752:Mendelssohn in Scotland 3590:Daverio & Sams 2001 3448:, p. 568 (vol. 2). 2553:The Romantic Generation 2464:Elizabeth Sara Sheppard 2413:forgotten, as a lovely 2166:William Hayman Cummings 1963:Mendelssohn wrote some 1806:and piano; Op. 113 was 1310:Mendelssohn Scholarship 1277:Mendelssohn Scholarship 1039:Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof 992:Mendelssohn's oratorio 903:and the music theorist 776:, and direction of the 534:concert accompanying a 365:Jakob Salomon Bartholdy 310: 11789:Musicians from Leipzig 11784:Composers from Hamburg 11764:Jewish opera composers 11734:German opera composers 11729:German music educators 11514:Romanticism in science 11469:Middle Ages in history 11464:List of Romantic poets 10176:Josiah Gilbert Holland 9046:Common practice period 7683:Mendelssohn Foundation 6638:Youens, Susan (2004). 6331:Smith, Ronald (2000). 6095:The Mendelssohn Family 5978:Eatock, Colin (2009). 5894:Conway, David (2012). 5864:Conway, David (2009). 4235:The Mendelssohn Papers 3910:Sterndale Bennett 1955 3286:"Kennedy Center notes" 3035:, p. 98 (vol. I). 2906:See, for example, the 2755:for Sciences and Arts. 2650:-dəl-sən, -⁠sohn 2537: 2419: 2402: 2383: 2356: 2057: 1900:Charles-Valentin Alkan 1876: 1867:Advertisement for the 1724: 1638:Mendelssohn wrote the 1635: 1622:Other orchestral music 1534: 1436: 1360: 1217: 1209: 1150: 1098: 1041: 1021:and conducted his own 924: 911:Mendelssohn in Britain 839:Lower Rhenish Festival 797: 743:George Frideric Handel 657: 631:, and on geography by 527: 407:Alexander von Humboldt 359:, was a member of the 328: 293:Charles-Valentin Alkan 11779:Composers from Berlin 11484:Romantic epistemology 11474:Opium and Romanticism 10043:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 9269:Counter-Enlightenment 7937:(related by marriage) 7929:Mendelssohn & Co. 7787:Sons of Mendel Dessau 7638:Sara Levy (née Itzig) 7576:(Songs Without Words) 6905:Archival material at 6838:The LiederNet Archive 6709:. London and Boston. 6641:"Mendelssohn's songs" 6617:Werner, Eric (1963). 6030:10.1093/ref:odnb/2131 5818:Brown, Clive (2003). 3921:S. Schmidler et al., 3409:, pp. 41–42, 93. 2818:The Musical Quarterly 2532:Felix Mendelssohn by 2531: 2410: 2397: 2378: 2350: 2338:Reputation and legacy 2324:Camille-Marie Stamaty 2211:, receiving Felix at 2047: 1923:, Op. 54 (1841), the 1906:, each ending with a 1866: 1722: 1682:(Die schöne Melusine) 1629: 1528: 1513:A 2009 survey by the 1482:(1826), which in its 1478:(1825), the Overture 1431: 1349:Mendelssohn plays to 1347: 1215: 1204: 1197:Marriage and children 1145:Giacomo Meyerbeer by 1144: 1092: 1036: 1004:Town Hall, Birmingham 959:(Symphony No. 3). An 918: 857:Die Deutsche Liturgie 796:, a museum in Leipzig 791: 653: 517: 504:Johann Sebastian Bach 488:Berliner Singakademie 472:Carl Friedrich Zelter 470:and composition with 347:, was the son of the 323: 274:Johann Sebastian Bach 185:(which includes his " 32:Mendelssohn (surname) 11548:Age of Enlightenment 9190:England (literature) 9083:Romantic nationalism 9029:War of the Romantics 7814:Dorothea Mendelssohn 7581:Variations sérieuses 7519:Piano Quartet: 7255:13 String Symphonies 7005:List of compositions 6941:has compositions by 6916:Berlin State Library 6690:letters to Moscheles 6245:Beyond Good and Evil 5702:5 March 2012 at the 5601:Mercer-Taylor (2000) 5371:2 April 2012 at the 4861:, pp. 196, 228. 4582:, pp. 214, 430. 4505:, pp. 109, 139. 4433:, pp. 311, 314. 4189:, pp. 102, 347. 3736:, pp. xvi–xvii. 3697:, pp. 179, 198. 2723:Giovanni Mardersteig 2712:by Napoleon in 1810. 2582:Notes and references 2495:Francis Edward Bache 2489:including Sullivan, 2283:Gewandhaus Orchestra 2234:Carl Maria von Weber 1989:Return of the Roamer 1920:Variations sérieuses 1843:and violin; and two 1824:String Quartet No. 6 1665:Grand Tour of Europe 1551:Philharmonic Society 1547:Carl Maria von Weber 1447:, and of Beethoven, 1019:Piano Concerto No. 4 937:Edinburgh University 851:Friedrich Wilhelm IV 808:, who submitted his 621:University of Berlin 607:classical literature 382:'s role in breaking 374:The family moved to 301:Leipzig Conservatory 131:List of compositions 11689:Composers for piano 11499:Romantic psychology 9294:Hudson River School 9238:Sweden (literature) 9223:Russia (literature) 9078:Musical nationalism 8996:Musical nationalism 8062:Wilhelm Furtwängler 7859:Rebecka Mendelssohn 7496:for cello and piano 7407:String Quartet in E 7379:Die schöne Melusine 7159:Verleih uns Frieden 6763:Selden-Goth, Gisela 6698:University of Leeds 5749:Barr, John (1978). 5647:, pp. 569–598. 5556:Songs without Words 5420:on 24 December 2017 5282:, pp. 448–449. 5173:, pp. 143–145. 5113:, pp. 282–283. 5029:, pp. 175–176. 4945:, pp. 269–270. 4933:, pp. 555–556. 4921:, pp. 560–561. 4801:, pp. 377–378. 4753:, pp. 479–481. 4741:, pp. 180–181. 4630:, pp. 116–117. 4606:, pp. 206–207. 4594:, pp. 130–131. 4529:, pp. 102–107. 4517:, pp. 179–180. 4469:, pp. 180–183. 4213:, pp. 211–214. 4201:, pp. 485–486. 4177:, pp. 107–114. 4117:, pp. 173–184. 3897:, pp. 198–203. 3861:, pp. 514–515. 3837:, pp. 172–173. 3747:"The Journey North" 3712:, pp. 193–194. 3628:, pp. 403–408. 3604:, pp. 146–147. 3568:, pp. 444–446. 3520:, pp. 285–286. 3508:, pp. 112–114. 3472:, pp. 193–198. 3385:, pp. 171–172. 3337:, pp. 167–168. 3083:, pp. 92, 165. 2992:, pp. 147–148. 2968:, pp. 385–389. 2956:, pp. 450–451. 2710:First French Empire 2406:Friedrich Nietzsche 2355:, dedicated in 2008 2109:Heinz-Klaus Metzger 2054:Library of Congress 1930:Preludes and Fugues 1886:Songs Without Words 1784:Capriccio Brillante 1488:Adolf Bernhard Marx 1366:Songs Without Words 1008:William Bartholomew 970:, London, in 2013. 753:St. Matthew Passion 587:musical Romanticism 524:Library of Congress 345:Abraham Mendelssohn 241:Songs Without Words 11794:Oratorio composers 9484:White Mountain art 9425:Historical fiction 9233:Spain (literature) 8991:Indianist movement 8909:Romantic orchestra 7996:Johann Adam Hiller 7984:Leipzig Gewandhaus 7893:Arnold Mendelssohn 7834:Nathan Mendelssohn 7822:Joseph Mendelssohn 7618:great-grandfather) 7312:Violin and Strings 7052:Oedipus at Colonus 6694:Brotherton Library 6533:Mendelssohn Essays 6496:Grove Music Online 6456:Grove Music Online 5916:Grove Music Online 5620:Mercer-Taylor 2000 5586:, pp. 97, 99. 5439:Mercer-Taylor 2000 5414:BBC Music Magazine 5171:Mercer-Taylor 2000 5041:, II, pp. 168–171. 4883:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4787:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4739:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4727:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4703:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4691:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4679:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4667:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4628:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4616:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4479:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4284:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4139:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4127:Mercer-Taylor 2000 4057:, pp. x–xiii. 3967:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3895:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3835:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3768:. English Heritage 3695:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3683:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3664:on 27 January 2023 3614:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3602:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3578:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3530:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3506:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3458:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3407:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3249:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3237:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3153:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3093:Mercer-Taylor 2000 3045:Mercer-Taylor 2000 2706:Free Imperial City 2538: 2474:the Crystal Palace 2376:that his work was 2357: 2332:Walther von Goethe 2296:St Matthew Passion 2116:The Book of Psalms 2058: 1902:(his five sets of 1877: 1835:; sonatas for the 1826:, the last of his 1725: 1636: 1616:Johannes Gutenberg 1535: 1361: 1247:Leipzig University 1218: 1210: 1151: 1131:Joseph Mendelssohn 1099: 1042: 925: 876:Oedipus at Colonus 798: 784:Leipzig and Berlin 685:St Matthew Passion 528: 518:First page of the 388:Continental System 329: 279:St Matthew Passion 253:Reformed Christian 59:Portrait from 1846 11634:Felix Mendelssohn 11575: 11574: 11489:Romantic medicine 11459:List of romantics 10898: 10897: 10549:Felix Mendelssohn 10544:Fanny Mendelssohn 10355: 10354: 10069:Rosalía de Castro 10007:Soares dos Passos 9355:Transcendentalism 9319:Nazarene movement 9279:Düsseldorf School 9137: 9136: 9008:New German School 8603:Felix Mendelssohn 8598:Fanny Mendelssohn 8134: 8133: 8104:Herbert Blomstedt 8086:Franz Konwitschny 8074:Hermann Abendroth 8020:Felix Mendelssohn 7950: 7949: 7854:Felix Mendelssohn 7849:Fanny Mendelssohn 7818:Recha Mendelssohn 7794:Moses Mendelssohn 7746: 7745: 7596:Six Organ Sonatas 7574:Lieder ohne Worte 7557: 7556: 7388: 7387: 7236: 7235: 7139:(chorale cantata) 7092:St. Paul / Paulus 7059:Die beiden Neffen 6989:Felix Mendelssohn 6943:Felix Mendelssohn 6898:Charles Auchester 6812:Felix Mendelssohn 6797:Project Gutenberg 6789:Project Gutenberg 6755:978-0-521-53342-3 6659:978-0-521-53342-3 6609:978-0-8032-9766-1 6590:978-0-306-80481-6 6571:978-0-521-53342-3 6542:978-0-415-97814-9 6523:978-0-19-511043-2 6485:978-0-691-02715-9 6445:978-0-19-538483-3 6423:Music and Letters 6413:978-0-19-802634-1 6390:978-0-521-53342-3 6361:978-0-486-27412-6 6342:978-1-871082-73-9 6323:978-3-10-073606-2 6291:(1363): 466–467. 6275:978-0-674-77933-4 6254:978-0-521-77078-1 6216:978-0-521-63972-9 6193:978-0-88064-060-2 6141:978-0-226-48902-5 6085:978-3-932257-06-3 6066:978-0-521-53342-3 6036:(Subscription or 6010:978-0-7890-0099-6 5989:978-0-7546-6652-3 5970:978-1-85858-127-9 5934:978-1-56159-263-0 5905:978-1-107-01538-8 5879:978-0-85303-890-0 5856:978-0-8443-0026-9 5831:978-0-300-09539-5 5764:978-0-7141-0398-3 5550:, Liner notes to 5454:Charles Auchester 5416:). Archived from 5306:, pp. 93–95. 5197:, pp. 40–46. 4885:, pp. 60–61. 4693:, pp. 69–70. 4618:, pp. 90–92. 4493:, pp. 61–62. 4481:, pp. 36–37. 4457:, pp. 71–82. 4165:, pp. 23–24. 4105:, pp. 42–43. 4029:, pp. 47–53. 3873:, pp. 11–35. 3654:978-3-7861-6189-9 3460:, pp. 73–75. 3349:, pp. 70–71. 3251:, pp. 35–36. 3179:, pp. 37–38. 3167:, pp. 35–36. 3131:, pp. 36–38. 3119:, pp. 14–15. 3059:, pp. 27–28. 3023:, pp. 27–29. 2940:, website of the 2469:Charles Auchester 2431:Reichsmusikkammer 2353:St. Thomas Church 2343:The first century 2221:Franz Grillparzer 2213:Buckingham Palace 2024:on a libretto by 1999:Camacho's Wedding 1970:Die beiden Neffen 1927:, the set of six 1925:Rondo Capriccioso 1891:Lieder ohne Worte 1810:by the composer. 1786:of 1832, and the 1768:2 in D minor 1680:The Fair Melusine 1663:, as part of his 1584:Scottish Symphony 1453:string symphonies 1190:Saint-Simonianism 1163:Giacomo Meyerbeer 1023:Scottish Symphony 956:Scottish Symphony 919:English Heritage 794:Mendelssohn House 703:Hebrides Overture 675:, Op. 60, 1832). 541:string symphonies 450:Musical education 353:Moses Mendelssohn 326:Carl Joseph Begas 261:Fanny Mendelssohn 249:Moses Mendelssohn 238:". Mendelssohn's 198:Scottish Symphony 157:Felix Mendelssohn 150: 149: 47:Felix Mendelssohn 16:(Redirected from 11816: 11616: 11615: 11614: 11604: 11603: 11602: 11592: 11591: 11590: 11583: 11565: 11564: 11524:Evolution theory 10366: 10365: 9499: 9498: 9360:Ukrainian school 9164: 9157: 9150: 9141: 9140: 9127: 9117: 9116: 9013:Post-romanticism 8878:Vaughan Williams 8161: 8154: 8147: 8138: 8137: 8129: 8110:Riccardo Chailly 8032:Ferdinand Hiller 7977: 7970: 7963: 7954: 7953: 7941:Kurt Mendelssohn 7922:Related articles 7888:Sebastian Hensel 7863:Paul Mendelssohn 7799:Saul Mendelssohn 7773: 7766: 7759: 7750: 7749: 7736: 7726: 7725: 7586:Fantasie, Op. 28 7533:String Quintet: 7494:Assai tranquillo 7412: 7411: 7397: 7396: 7347: 7346: 7245: 7244: 7213:On Wings of Song 7153:(Symphony No. 2) 7018: 7017: 6982: 6975: 6968: 6959: 6958: 6887: 6869: 6868: 6847: 6829: 6807:Internet Archive 6759: 6743: 6732: 6726: 6718: 6686:Staatsbibliothek 6678:Bodleian Library 6663: 6643: 6634: 6624: 6613: 6594: 6575: 6555: 6546: 6527: 6508: 6489: 6468: 6449: 6430: 6417: 6405: 6394: 6374: 6365: 6346: 6327: 6308: 6279: 6258: 6239: 6220: 6208: 6197: 6176: 6170: 6162: 6145: 6126: 6106: 6089: 6070: 6050: 6041: 6033: 6014: 5993: 5974: 5955: 5938: 5909: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5860: 5835: 5814: 5785: 5768: 5756: 5745: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5689: 5683: 5681: 5673: 5667: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569:Barenboim (1962) 5565: 5559: 5552:Walter Gieseking 5545: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5448: 5442: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5381: 5375: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5243: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5006: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4837:, p. xxvii. 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4308:Biddlecombe 2013 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4259: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4093:, pp. 9–10. 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4055:Mendelssohn 1986 4052: 4046: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3925:(in German), in 3919: 3913: 3907: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3885:, p. xviii. 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3762: 3756: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3663: 3657:. 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4101: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4005:, p. 182n. 4001: 3997: 3993:, p. xxii. 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3764: 3763: 3759: 3744: 3740: 3732: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3708: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3552: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3345: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3292:on 16 June 2013 3284: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3203:, pp. 8–9. 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3055: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3019: 3015: 3007: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2919: 2918: 2905: 2901: 2892: 2888: 2881:Daily Telegraph 2872:Damian Thompson 2869: 2865: 2849: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2795: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2772: 2763: 2759: 2750: 2746: 2737: 2733: 2727:Officina Bodoni 2720: 2716: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2689: 2682: 2678: 2669: 2665: 2654: 2647: 2630: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2526: 2524:Modern opinions 2510:Wilfrid Mellers 2466:was published, 2449:Clemens Buscher 2345: 2340: 2328:Julius Eichberg 2319: 2302:Israel in Egypt 2292: 2258: 2229: 2192: 2099:rituals of the 2078:, consist of a 2042: 2016:Benjamin Lumley 1975:The Two Nephews 1961: 1943: 1861: 1833:string quintets 1828:string quartets 1816: 1780:Rondo Brillante 1733:Ferdinand David 1717: 1624: 1592:Holyrood Palace 1575:, known as the 1560:, known as the 1523: 1492:string quartets 1470:in F minor and 1441: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1322: 1314:Arthur Sullivan 1263: 1199: 1193:death in 1870. 1147:Josef Kriehuber 1139: 1115: 1087: 1082: 1031: 949:(also known as 913: 818:Robert Schumann 786: 748:Israel in Egypt 724: 680:Eduard Devrient 641: 609:and translated 594:Ignaz Moscheles 512: 452: 447: 419: 341:Ferdinand David 318: 313: 257:musical prodigy 232:Christmas carol 224:Violin Concerto 216:, the overture 210:, the oratorio 122: 99: 94: 90: 89:4 November 1847 81: 76: 75:3 February 1809 70: 68: 60: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11822: 11812: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11669:Bach musicians 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11621: 11620: 11608: 11596: 11573: 11572: 11552: 11544: 11543: 11542: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11535: 11528: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11445: 11443: 11442:Related topics 11439: 11438: 11436: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11339: 11337: 11331: 11330: 11328: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11170:Gallen-Kallela 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11145:David d'Angers 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11086: 11084: 11082:Visual artists 11078: 11077: 11075: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11042:Schleiermacher 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10908: 10906: 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10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10307:Oehlenschläger 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10208: 10206: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10152: 10150: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10101: 10099: 10095: 10094: 10092: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10060: 10058: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10019: 10017: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9977:Castelo Branco 9973: 9971: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9917: 9915: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9789: 9787: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9703:Brothers Grimm 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9664: 9662: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9588: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9505: 9503: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9486: 9481: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9427: 9422: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9405: 9403:Gothic fiction 9400: 9393: 9391:British Marine 9388: 9382: 9380: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9345: 9340: 9339: 9338: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9289:Gothic revival 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9250: 9248: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9192: 9187: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9174: 9167: 9166: 9159: 9152: 9144: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9121: 9103: 9095: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9087: 9086: 9085: 9075: 9074: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9048: 9042: 9040: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9032: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 8998: 8993: 8987: 8985: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8977: 8972: 8970:Symphonic poem 8967: 8965:Romantic opera 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8921: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8911: 8906: 8900: 8898: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8343:Félicien David 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8189: 8187: 8181: 8180: 8175: 8172: 8171: 8168:Romantic music 8164: 8163: 8156: 8149: 8141: 8132: 8131: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8119: 8116:Andris Nelsons 8113: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8092:Václav Neumann 8089: 8083: 8080:Herbert Albert 8077: 8071: 8065: 8059: 8056:Arthur Nikisch 8053: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8029: 8023: 8017: 8011: 8005: 7999: 7992: 7989: 7988: 7980: 7979: 7972: 7965: 7957: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7925: 7923: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7864: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7832: 7827: 7824: 7819: 7816: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7800: 7797: 7790: 7788: 7784: 7783: 7776: 7775: 7768: 7761: 7753: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7730: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7679: 7677: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7669: 7663: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7619: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7592: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7531: 7517: 7503: 7498: 7490: 7482:Cello Sonata: 7480: 7475: 7460: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7403: 7401: 7400:String quartet 7394: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7382: 7375: 7368: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7334: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7289: 7280: 7271: 7262: 7257: 7251: 7249: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7230: 7223: 7216: 7209: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7184: 7176: 7169: 7166:Hear my prayer 7162: 7155: 7147: 7140: 7132: 7125: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7109: 7099:Elijah / Elias 7095: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7024: 7022: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7002: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6985: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6945: 6935: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6909: 6903: 6893: 6888: 6876: 6870: 6855: 6849: 6840: 6831: 6819: 6809: 6800: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6774:External links 6772: 6771: 6770: 6760: 6754: 6733: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6664: 6658: 6635: 6614: 6608: 6595: 6589: 6576: 6570: 6547: 6541: 6528: 6522: 6509: 6490: 6484: 6469: 6450: 6444: 6431: 6418: 6412: 6395: 6389: 6366: 6360: 6347: 6341: 6328: 6322: 6309: 6297:10.2307/936774 6280: 6274: 6259: 6253: 6240: 6221: 6215: 6198: 6192: 6177: 6146: 6140: 6127: 6108: 6090: 6084: 6071: 6065: 6042: 6015: 6009: 5994: 5988: 5975: 5969: 5956: 5939: 5933: 5910: 5904: 5891: 5878: 5861: 5855: 5841:Newman, Ernest 5836: 5830: 5815: 5786: 5769: 5763: 5746: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5708: 5684: 5668: 5649: 5637: 5624: 5622:, p. 205. 5612: 5588: 5576: 5560: 5558:, Angel 35428. 5540: 5528: 5516: 5504: 5502:, p. 755. 5492: 5490:, p. 120. 5480: 5478:, p. 257. 5468: 5443: 5441:, p. 200. 5431: 5401: 5376: 5354: 5332: 5320: 5318:, p. 138. 5316:Nietzsche 2002 5308: 5296: 5294:, p. 263. 5284: 5272: 5270:, p. 360. 5260: 5235: 5233:, p. 280. 5223: 5221:, p. 325. 5211: 5209:, p. 261. 5199: 5187: 5185:, p. 272. 5175: 5163: 5161:, p. 448. 5151: 5139: 5137:, p. 206. 5127: 5125:, p. 217. 5115: 5103: 5101:, p. 279. 5091: 5089:, p. 148. 5079: 5067: 5065:, p. 202. 5055: 5053:, p. 175. 5043: 5031: 5019: 5017:, p. 205. 5007: 5005:, p. 192. 4995: 4993:, p. 198. 4983: 4981:, p. 189. 4971: 4969:, p. 468. 4959: 4947: 4935: 4923: 4911: 4909:, p. 118. 4899: 4887: 4875: 4873:, p. 424. 4863: 4851: 4849:, p. 589. 4839: 4827: 4825:, p. 360. 4815: 4813:, p. 149. 4803: 4791: 4789:, p. 202. 4779: 4777:, p. 266. 4767: 4765:, p. 265. 4763:Steinberg 1998 4755: 4743: 4731: 4729:, p. 154. 4719: 4717:, p. 359. 4707: 4705:, p. 130. 4695: 4683: 4671: 4669:, p. 157. 4656: 4654:, p. 430. 4644: 4632: 4620: 4608: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4553: 4531: 4519: 4507: 4495: 4483: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4399: 4384: 4382:, p. 312. 4372: 4360: 4358:, p. 190. 4348: 4346:, p. 467. 4336: 4334:, p. 194. 4324: 4322:, p. 466. 4312: 4300: 4288: 4286:, p. 192. 4276: 4251: 4249:, p. 193. 4239: 4227: 4225:, p. 163. 4215: 4203: 4191: 4179: 4167: 4155: 4153:, p. 252. 4143: 4131: 4129:, p. 144. 4119: 4107: 4095: 4083: 4071: 4069:, p. 227. 4059: 4047: 4031: 4019: 4007: 3995: 3983: 3971: 3969:, p. 206. 3959: 3957:, p. 567. 3947: 3945:, p. 497. 3935: 3914: 3912:, p. 376. 3899: 3887: 3875: 3863: 3851: 3849:, p. 439. 3839: 3827: 3815: 3803: 3791: 3779: 3757: 3738: 3726: 3724:, p. 214. 3714: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3653: 3630: 3618: 3616:, p. 147. 3606: 3594: 3582: 3580:, p. 143. 3570: 3558: 3556:, p. 303. 3546: 3534: 3532:, p. 118. 3522: 3510: 3498: 3486: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3423: 3411: 3399: 3387: 3375: 3363: 3361:, p. 154. 3351: 3339: 3327: 3323:Moscheles 1873 3315: 3311:Temperley 2008 3303: 3277: 3265: 3263:, p. 242. 3253: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3145: 3143:, p. 139. 3133: 3121: 3109: 3107:, p. 151. 3097: 3085: 3073: 3071:, p. 115. 3061: 3049: 3037: 3033:Moscheles 1873 3025: 3013: 2994: 2982: 2980:, p. 194. 2970: 2958: 2946: 2925: 2917: 2916: 2899: 2895:Eltham College 2886: 2863: 2843: 2833: 2807: 2793: 2780: 2770: 2757: 2753:Pour le Mérite 2744: 2731: 2714: 2697: 2687: 2663: 2591: 2590: 2583: 2580: 2562:Giuseppe Verdi 2525: 2522: 2387:Richard Wagner 2370:Heinrich Heine 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2318: 2315: 2291: 2288: 2257: 2254: 2249:Maria Malibran 2245:improvisations 2228: 2225: 2209:Queen Victoria 2191: 2188: 2180:Charles Wesley 2142:Hear My Prayer 2041: 2038: 1960: 1957: 1942: 1939: 1875:, 24 July 1845 1860: 1857: 1815: 1812: 1741:Joseph Joachim 1716: 1713: 1623: 1620: 1612:printing press 1608:Hymn of Praise 1558:Symphony No. 5 1531:Wilhelm Hensel 1522: 1519: 1460:piano quartets 1440: 1437: 1408:recapitulation 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1321: 1318: 1262: 1259: 1198: 1195: 1183:Moses Isserles 1155:Hector Berlioz 1138: 1135: 1114: 1111: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1058:Paulinerkirche 1030: 1027: 983:Queen Victoria 912: 909: 901:Joseph Joachim 822:Ninth Symphony 814:Franz Schubert 810:early Symphony 806:Richard Wagner 785: 782: 757:Karl Immermann 723: 720: 640: 637: 550:first symphony 511: 510:Early maturity 508: 464:Muzio Clementi 451: 448: 446: 443: 418: 415: 317: 314: 312: 309: 297:Hector Berlioz 289:Richard Wagner 148: 147: 139: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 121: 120: 117: 114: 111: 107: 105: 101: 100: 95: 93:(aged 38) 87: 83: 82: 77: 66: 62: 61: 58: 50: 49: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11821: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11631: 11629: 11619: 11609: 11607: 11597: 11595: 11585: 11584: 11581: 11569: 11568: 11557: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11516: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11440: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11340: 11338: 11336: 11332: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11083: 11079: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10905: 10901: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10846: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10815: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10739: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10694: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10637: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10596: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10505: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10449: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10419: 10417: 10413: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10358: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10262:Nikolai Gogol 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10203: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10147: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10096: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10061: 10059: 10055: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10014: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9968: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9910: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9893:P. B. Shelley 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9873:Mary Robinson 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9780: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9659: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9602:Chateaubriand 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9581: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9491: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9479: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9432: 9431:Mal du siècle 9428: 9426: 9423: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9410: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9398: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9383: 9381: 9377: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9350: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9337: 9336: 9332: 9331: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9245: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9165: 9160: 9158: 9153: 9151: 9146: 9145: 9142: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9120: 9112: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9101: 9100: 9092: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9079: 9076: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9003: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8982: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8916: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8895: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8813:J. Strauss II 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8184:Composers and 8182: 8178: 8173: 8169: 8162: 8157: 8155: 8150: 8148: 8143: 8142: 8139: 8128: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8108: 8105: 8102: 8099: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8050:Carl Reinecke 8048: 8045: 8042: 8039: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8018: 8015: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8003: 8000: 7997: 7994: 7993: 7990: 7986:Kapellmeister 7985: 7978: 7973: 7971: 7966: 7964: 7959: 7958: 7955: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7869: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7798: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7774: 7769: 7767: 7762: 7760: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7729: 7721: 7720: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7664: 7661: 7657: 7654: 7651: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7632:Bella Salomon 7630: 7627: 7626:father's side 7623: 7620: 7617: 7616:mother's side 7613: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7597: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7582: 7577: 7575: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7391: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7369: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7355: 7349: 7339: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7297: 7295: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7222: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7163: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7144:Drei Motetten 7141: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7037: 7036:Wedding March 7033: 7032: 7031: 7030: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7016: 7012: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6983: 6978: 6976: 6971: 6969: 6964: 6963: 6960: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6933: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6917: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896:Full text of 6894: 6892: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6863: 6859: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6768: 6765:, ed. (1945) 6764: 6761: 6757: 6751: 6747: 6742: 6741: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6674: 6661: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6642: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6623: 6622: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6601: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6582: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6554: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6519: 6515: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6491: 6487: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6437: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6409: 6404: 6403: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6373: 6367: 6363: 6357: 6353: 6348: 6344: 6338: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6315: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6285:Musical Times 6281: 6277: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6207: 6206: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6147: 6143: 6137: 6133: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6109: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6077: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6049: 6043: 6039: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6016: 6012: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5995: 5991: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5962: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5881: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5858: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5833: 5827: 5823: 5822: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5729: 5718:, p. xi. 5717: 5712: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5688: 5677: 5676:Official site 5672: 5665: 5661: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5641: 5634: 5628: 5621: 5616: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5597:Werner (1963) 5592: 5585: 5580: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5548:Andrew Porter 5544: 5538:, p. 31. 5537: 5532: 5525: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5496: 5489: 5484: 5477: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5447: 5440: 5435: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5405: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5342: 5336: 5329: 5324: 5317: 5312: 5305: 5300: 5293: 5288: 5281: 5276: 5269: 5264: 5248: 5242: 5240: 5232: 5227: 5220: 5215: 5208: 5203: 5196: 5191: 5184: 5179: 5172: 5167: 5160: 5155: 5148: 5143: 5136: 5131: 5124: 5119: 5112: 5107: 5100: 5095: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5071: 5064: 5059: 5052: 5047: 5040: 5035: 5028: 5023: 5016: 5011: 5004: 4999: 4992: 4987: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4963: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4920: 4915: 4908: 4903: 4896: 4891: 4884: 4879: 4872: 4867: 4860: 4855: 4848: 4843: 4836: 4831: 4824: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4800: 4795: 4788: 4783: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4759: 4752: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4723: 4716: 4711: 4704: 4699: 4692: 4687: 4681:, p. 85. 4680: 4675: 4668: 4663: 4661: 4653: 4648: 4642:, p. 39. 4641: 4636: 4629: 4624: 4617: 4612: 4605: 4600: 4593: 4588: 4581: 4576: 4570:, §15 (Works) 4569: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4541: 4535: 4528: 4523: 4516: 4511: 4504: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4468: 4467:Taruskin 2010 4463: 4456: 4455:Vitercik 2004 4451: 4444: 4439: 4432: 4427: 4421:, p. 64. 4420: 4415: 4409:, p. 55. 4408: 4403: 4396: 4391: 4389: 4381: 4376: 4370:, p. 71. 4369: 4368:Vitercik 2004 4364: 4357: 4352: 4345: 4340: 4333: 4328: 4321: 4316: 4310:, p. 85. 4309: 4304: 4298:, p. 33. 4297: 4292: 4285: 4280: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4258: 4256: 4248: 4243: 4236: 4231: 4224: 4219: 4212: 4207: 4200: 4195: 4188: 4183: 4176: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4147: 4141:, p. 98. 4140: 4135: 4128: 4123: 4116: 4111: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4091:Devrient 1869 4087: 4081:, p. 84. 4080: 4075: 4068: 4063: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4017:, p. 91. 4016: 4015:Devrient 1869 4011: 4004: 4003:Devrient 1869 3999: 3992: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3956: 3951: 3944: 3939: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3918: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3867: 3860: 3855: 3848: 3843: 3836: 3831: 3824: 3819: 3813:, p. 43. 3812: 3807: 3801:, p. 30. 3800: 3795: 3789:, p. 29. 3788: 3783: 3767: 3761: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3735: 3730: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3706: 3704: 3696: 3691: 3684: 3679: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3643: 3642: 3634: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3610: 3603: 3598: 3591: 3586: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3550: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3514: 3507: 3502: 3495: 3490: 3484:, p. 57. 3483: 3482:Devrient 1869 3478: 3471: 3466: 3459: 3454: 3447: 3442: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3403: 3397:, p. 89. 3396: 3391: 3384: 3379: 3373:, p. 84. 3372: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3348: 3343: 3336: 3331: 3325:, p. 65. 3324: 3319: 3312: 3307: 3291: 3287: 3281: 3275:, p. 80. 3274: 3269: 3262: 3257: 3250: 3245: 3239:, p. 36. 3238: 3233: 3227:, p. 36. 3226: 3221: 3215:, p. 18. 3214: 3209: 3202: 3197: 3191:, p. 44. 3190: 3185: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3161: 3155:, p. 31. 3154: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3113: 3106: 3101: 3095:, p. 29. 3094: 3089: 3082: 3077: 3070: 3065: 3058: 3053: 3046: 3041: 3034: 3029: 3022: 3017: 3011:, p. 33. 3010: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2974: 2967: 2962: 2955: 2950: 2943: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2924: 2923: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2896: 2890: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2837: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2823:Leon Botstein 2820: 2819: 2811: 2804: 2797: 2790: 2784: 2774: 2767: 2761: 2754: 2748: 2741: 2735: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2695:Conservatory. 2691: 2683:(-Bartholdy)" 2676: 2675: 2667: 2660: 2652: 2651: 2642: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2579: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2549:Charles Rosen 2546: 2544: 2543:H. L. Mencken 2535: 2530: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2409: 2407: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2354: 2349: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2297: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2235: 2224: 2222: 2219:(to words by 2218: 2214: 2210: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2026:Eugène Scribe 2023: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2012:Nibelung saga 2008: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1895:Charles Rosen 1892: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1874: 1873:Musical World 1870: 1869:Organ Sonatas 1865: 1856: 1854: 1853:Schumannesque 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820:chamber works 1814:Chamber music 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796:Konzertstücke 1793: 1789: 1785: 1782:of 1834, the 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1721: 1712: 1710: 1709:Wedding March 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653:Fingal's Cave 1650: 1649:Fingal's Cave 1646: 1645: 1641: 1633: 1632:Wedding March 1628: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1597:He wrote the 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1532: 1527: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1484:finished form 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445:C. P. E. Bach 1435: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1406:; the final ( 1405: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1392:orchestration 1388: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1346: 1331: 1327: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1303:Henry Chorley 1300: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1214: 1208: 1207:Eduard Magnus 1203: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1148: 1143: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1096: 1091: 1080:Personal life 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1040: 1035: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 996: 990: 988: 987:Prince Albert 984: 978: 976: 971: 969: 965: 962: 958: 957: 952: 951:Fingal's Cave 948: 947: 942: 938: 934: 930: 922: 917: 908: 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 890: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 868: 863: 859: 858: 852: 847: 845: 840: 836: 832: 831: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 795: 790: 781: 779: 775: 774: 769: 764: 763: 758: 754: 750: 749: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 719: 717: 716: 711: 710: 705: 704: 697: 695: 691: 690:Bella Salomon 687: 686: 681: 676: 674: 670: 669: 664: 663: 656: 652: 650: 646: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 617: 612: 608: 603: 601: 600: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 579:Wedding March 576: 572: 571: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 542: 537: 533: 532:chamber music 525: 521: 516: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 484:C. P. E. Bach 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 460:Ludwig Berger 457: 442: 440: 435: 430: 428: 424: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 349:German Jewish 346: 342: 338: 334: 327: 322: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 281: 280: 275: 270: 268: 267: 266:Easter Sonata 262: 258: 254: 250: 245: 243: 242: 237: 233: 229: 225: 222:, the mature 221: 220: 215: 214: 209: 208: 204: 200: 199: 194: 193: 188: 187:Wedding March 184: 183: 178: 174: 170: 169:chamber music 166: 162: 158: 154: 145: 140: 135: 132: 129: 125: 118: 115: 112: 109: 108: 106: 102: 98: 88: 84: 80: 67: 63: 56: 51: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 11560: 11553: 11546: 11530: 11250:Porto-Alegre 10904:Philosophers 10788:Rachmaninoff 10548: 10237:Chavchavadze 10227:Baratashvili 9987:João de Deus 9956:Wincenty Pol 9748:Küchelbecker 9476: 9442:Noble savage 9429: 9395: 9370:Wallenrodism 9347: 9333: 9264:Coppet group 9198:(literature) 9104: 9097: 9000: 8984:Other topics 8808:J. Strauss I 8698:Rachmaninoff 8602: 8453:Gretchaninov 8068:Bruno Walter 8044:Julius Rietz 8019: 7935:Itzig family 7913:Joachim Wach 7903:Philipp Veit 7853: 7707: 7628:grandfather) 7612:Daniel Itzig 7579: 7573: 7549:String Octet 7544:Piano Sextet 7505:Piano Trio: 7493: 7478:Viola Sonata 7377: 7372:The Hebrides 7370: 7363: 7336:Two Pianos: 7293: 7284: 7275: 7266: 7225: 7218: 7204: 7186: 7178: 7171: 7157: 7150: 7142: 7134: 7120: 7111: 7104: 7097: 7090: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7050: 7043: 7027: 6988: 6954:(ChoralWiki) 6922:Music scores 6897: 6822: 6766: 6739: 6706: 6675: 6672: 6645: 6620: 6599: 6580: 6557: 6532: 6513: 6494: 6474: 6454: 6435: 6426: 6422: 6401: 6376: 6351: 6332: 6313: 6288: 6284: 6264: 6244: 6226: 6204: 6182: 6150: 6131: 6113: 6094: 6075: 6052: 6019: 5999: 5979: 5960: 5943: 5914: 5895: 5883:. 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Schlegel 11032:A. Schlegel 10808:Tchaikovsky 10697:Bortkiewicz 10569:R. Schumann 10564:C. Schumann 10529:Kalkbrenner 10498:Saint-Saëns 9803:Anne Brontë 9688:Eichendorff 9673:B. v. Arnim 9668:A. v. Arnim 9478:Weltschmerz 9437:Medievalism 9386:Blue flower 9314:Nationalist 9259:Bohemianism 9171:Romanticism 9051:Romanticism 8833:Tchaikovsky 8768:R. Schumann 8763:C. Schumann 8748:Saint-Saëns 8643:Niedermeyer 8533:Leoncavallo 8503:Kalkbrenner 8278:Bortkiewicz 7883:Kurt Hensel 7878:Paul Hensel 7294:Reformation 7183:(Psalm 100) 6884:BBC Radio 3 6846:(in German) 6828:(in German) 5680:(in German) 5609:Todd (2003) 5512:Firman 2004 5500:Emmett 1996 5488:Eatock 2009 5476:Conway 2012 5424:20 December 5394:20 December 5343:. World ORT 5304:Wagner 1995 5292:Conway 2012 5253:20 December 5183:Wagner 1992 5039:Hensel 1884 5015:Youens 2004 5003:Youens 2004 4991:Youens 2004 4979:Youens 2004 4907:Conway 2012 4895:Hensel 1884 4871:Werner 1963 4859:Conway 2012 4640:Eatock 2009 4356:Youens 2004 4163:Hiller 1874 4115:Conway 2012 4103:Werner 1963 3979:Hensel 1884 3943:Werner 1963 3883:Conway 2009 3871:Duggan 1998 3823:Hensel 1884 3772:16 December 3734:Conway 2009 3710:Conway 2012 3446:Spitta 1972 3296:17 December 3261:Conway 2012 3213:Werner 1963 3201:Werner 1963 3129:Werner 1963 3105:Conway 2012 3057:Conway 2012 2990:Conway 2012 2978:Conway 2012 2966:Werner 1963 2938:(in German) 2852:unbestimmte 2766:HMT website 2742:in Leipzig. 2426:Nazi regime 2241:Conrad Graf 2162:Mendelssohn 2120:his version 2021:The Tempest 2004:Don Quixote 1952:Six Sonatas 1941:Organ music 1859:Piano music 1845:piano trios 1804:basset horn 1792:concertinos 1695:Victor Hugo 1566:Reformation 1562:Reformation 1498:(1829) and 1439:Early works 1412:development 1404:sonata form 1396:Franz Liszt 1387:Romanticism 1159:Franz Liszt 1119:Evangelical 1107:watercolour 1085:Personality 1070:pallbearers 964:blue plaque 953:); and the 921:blue plaque 882:(1843) and 633:Carl Ritter 629:Eduard Gans 565:Shakespeare 546:Schlesinger 456:Marie Bigot 434:Luisenstadt 423:circumcised 357:Lea Salomon 285:Franz Liszt 104:Occupations 11628:Categories 11115:Chassériau 11090:Aivazovsky 10798:Rubinstein 10783:Mussorgsky 10732:Wieniawski 10717:Paderewski 10559:Moszkowski 10342:Vörösmarty 10332:Shevchenko 10186:Longfellow 10110:Batyushkov 10105:Baratynsky 10074:Espronceda 9941:Mickiewicz 9936:Malczewski 9903:Wordsworth 9888:M. Shelley 9843:de Quincey 9708:Günderrode 9592:Baudelaire 9472:Wanderlust 9309:Lake Poets 9039:Background 8940:Intermezzo 8873:Wieniawski 8853:Vieuxtemps 8818:R. Strauss 8743:Rubinstein 8668:Paderewski 8638:Mussorgsky 8633:Moszkowski 8608:Mercadante 8098:Kurt Masur 8038:Niels Gade 7443:No. 6 7438:No. 5 7433:No. 4 7428:No. 3 7423:No. 2 7418:No. 1 7241:Orchestral 7220:Festgesang 7089:Oratorio: 6684:, and the 6153:. London. 6123:1019332582 6040:required.) 5885:2 December 5693:Classic FM 5645:Rosen 1995 5631:quoted in 5584:Smith 2000 5389:Classic FM 5347:3 December 5231:Brown 2003 5207:Brown 2003 5195:Brown 2003 5147:Brown 2003 5123:Brown 2003 5075:Brown 2003 5063:Brown 2003 4847:Rosen 1995 4823:Brown 2003 4715:Brown 2003 4546:2 February 4443:Brown 2003 4431:Brown 2003 4380:Brown 2003 4296:Brown 2003 4175:Locke 1986 4079:Brown 2003 4027:Brown 2003 3273:Brown 2003 3069:Brown 2003 2922:References 2171:Festgesang 2080:recitative 1965:Singspiele 1908:barcarolle 1847:. For the 1521:Symphonies 1421:exposition 1375:indefinite 1324:See also: 1267:Jenny Lind 1261:Jenny Lind 1243:Adolf Wach 1227:Heidelberg 1127:New Church 1074:Niels Gade 1064:in Berlin- 1047:apoplexies 732:Düsseldorf 722:Düsseldorf 520:manuscript 480:W. F. Bach 476:Sarah Levy 337:city-state 165:symphonies 71:1809-02-03 18:Mendelsohn 11606:Biography 11555:Modernism 11215:Kiprensky 11175:Géricault 11160:Friedrich 11150:Delacroix 11125:Constable 11105:Bonington 11095:Bierstadt 11047:Senancour 11022:Schelling 10977:Lamennais 10972:Khomyakov 10937:Coleridge 10932:Chaadayev 10839:Stanković 10834:Mokranjac 10753:Balakirev 10712:Moniuszko 10661:Donizetti 10656:Cherubini 10554:Meyerbeer 10539:Marschner 10514:Beethoven 10427:Moscheles 10361:Musicians 10347:Wergeland 10312:Orbeliani 10267:Grundtvig 10171:Hawthorne 10140:Zhukovsky 10135:Vyazemsky 10120:Lermontov 10079:Gutiérrez 10038:Radičević 10002:Herculano 9926:Krasiński 9868:Radcliffe 9838:Coleridge 9813:E. Brontë 9808:C. 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