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698:" — a mixture of English and Latin. Since most people did not understand Latin, the implication is that these songs were composed for church choristers, or perhaps for an educated audience at the Royal courts. The most famous survival of these early macaronic carols is "The Boar's Head". The tradition of singing carols outside of church services early in the 19th century is best illustrated by
109:
739:. Carols can be sung by individual singers, but are also often sung by larger groups, including professionally trained choirs. Most churches have special services at which carols are sung, generally combined with readings from scripture about the birth of Christ; this is often based on the famous Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols at
238:
1403:
after the 8th syllable) verse, which means that their wording and tunes are easily interchangeable. This has given rise to a great number of local variants, parts of which often overlap or resemble one another in verse, tune, or both. Nevertheless, their musical variety remains very wide overall: for
1390:
Most carols follow a more or less standard format: they begin by exalting the relevant religious feast, then proceed to offer praises for the lord and lady of the house, their children, the household and its personnel, and usually conclude with a polite request for a treat, and a promise to come back
1324:
In older times, caroling children asked for and were given edible gifts such as dried fruit, eggs, nuts or sweets; during the 20th century this was gradually replaced with money gifts – ranging from small change in the case of strangers to considerable amounts in the case of close relatives. Caroling
1351:
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concerts held outdoors at night in cities and towns across the country, during the weeks leading up to
Christmas. First held in Melbourne, "Carols by Candlelight" is held each Christmas Eve in capital cities and many smaller cities and towns around Australia. Performers at the concerts include opera
906:
singers. People in the audience hold lit candles and join in singing some of the carols in accompaniment with the celebrities. Similar events are now held all over
Australia, usually arranged by churches, municipal councils, or other community groups. They are normally held on Christmas Eve or the
402:
studies of caroling in the early 21st century in
Finland determined that the sources of songs are often misunderstood, and that it is simplistic to suggest caroling is mostly related to Christian beliefs, for it also reinforces preservation of diverse national customs and local family traditions.
189:', who went from house to house. The songs now known specifically as carols were originally communal songs sung during celebrations like harvest tide as well as Christmas. It was only later that carols began to be sung in church, and to be specifically associated with Christmas.
512:
on 24 December 1818. Mohr had composed the words much earlier, in 1816, but on
Christmas Eve brought them to Gruber and asked him to compose a melody and guitar accompaniment for the church service. The first English translation was in 1871 where it was published in a
1501:
Christmas carols are very popular in Poland, where they have a long history, the oldest dating to the 15th century or earlier. There is a tradition of singing
Christmas carols until 2 February which is celebrated by western Christians as the Feast of the
2712:
377:
Today carols are regularly sung at
Christian religious services. Some compositions have words that are clearly not of a religious theme, but are often still referred to as "carols". For example, the 16th-century song "A Bone, God Wot!" appears to be a
720:), in which groups of singers travel from house to house, singing carols at each, for which they are often rewarded with gifts, money, mince pies, or a glass of an appropriate beverage. Money collected in this way is now normally given to charity.
229:
churches gained prominence (as well-known
Reformers like Martin Luther authored carols and encouraged their use in worship). This was a consequence of the fact that the Lutheran reformation warmly welcomed music. During the years that the
661:
1544:
and Latin
America popular from the late 15th to 18th centuries. With the decline in popularity of the villancicos in the 20th century, the term became reduced to mean merely "Christmas carol". Important composers of villancicos were
731:), and now seen in churches all over the world. The songs that were chosen for singing in church omitted the wassailing carols, and the words "hymn" and "carol" were used almost interchangeably. Shortly before, in 1878, the
1349:
Christmas carol "Kalēn hespéran, árchontes" ("Good evening, lords"), and the New Year's carol "Archimēniá ki archichroniá" ("First of the month, first of the year"). The oldest known carol, commonly referred to as the
1659:). They were originally sung to celebrate the birth of the Sun (winter solstice). After the incorporation into Christianity, their theme has been shifted to Christmas, celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ.
1325:
is also done by marching bands, choirs, school students seeking to raise funds for trips or charity, members of folk societies, or merely by groups of well-wishers. Many internationally known carols, e.g. "
880:, carrying a star on a pole. Going from house to house from New Year's Day to 6 January, the children sing religious songs and collect money for charity. They are often rewarded with extra sweets or money.
659:
2717:
660:
218:" ("O Come all ye faithful") appears in its current form in the mid-18th century, although the words may have originated in the 13th century. The origin of the tune is disputed.
1848:
1988:
1341:
Many carols are regional, being popular in specific regions but unknown in others, whereas some are popular throughout the two countries. Examples of the latter are the
1616:). As quite a few have references to mythological events and powers, some authors claim that they contain part of the religion that was present in the territory before
770:
907:
Sunday or weekend before
Christmas. A similar recent trend in South Africa and New Zealand are for smaller towns to host their own Carols by Candlelight concerts.
3802:
234:
ban on
Christmas was in place in England, semi-clandestine religious services marking Christ's birth continued to be held, and people sang carols in secret.
3797:
336:
The singing of carols was further popularised in the 20th century when OUP published one of the most popular carol books in the English-speaking world,
1914:
483:
wrote texts for at least three Christmas carols, of which the best known was originally entitled "Hark! How All the Welkin Rings", later edited to "
177:, a strong tradition of popular Christmas songs in regional native languages developed. Christmas carols in English first appear in a 1426 work of
3753:
599:
In addition, some carols describe Christmas-related events of a religious nature, but not directly related to the birth of Jesus. For example:
411:
1815:
1687:
4139:
3500:
477:", which has become a popular Christmas carol even though it is widely believed that Watts did not write it to be sung only at Christmas.
652:
497:
in 1840 was adapted by William H. Cummings to fit Wesley's words. This combination first appeared in "Hymns Ancient and Modern" in 1861.
96:
has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of
3398:
3229:
1171:
Other popular and widely sung Christmas carols are "Herbei, o ihr Gläub’gen", which is a German version of "Adeste fideles" (English: "
2195:
1852:
1553:, Francisco Guerrero, Gaspar Fernandes and Juan Gutiérez de Padilla. Popular Spanish villancicos include "Los pastores a Belén" and "
2627:
1079:"Dans cette étable" and "Venez Divin Messie" are also popular Christmas carols. Perhaps the best known traditional French carol, "
3733:
1977:
544:
The Census of Augustus, a rare subject, but touched upon in "On a Day When Men Were Counted" by Daniel Thambyrajah Niles (1964)
2177:
1192:
694:, about 500 have been found. Some are wassailing songs, some are religious songs in English, some are in Latin, and some are "
4128:
3935:
2530:
2104:
1447:
and guitars. Generally speaking, the musical style of each carol closely follows the secular music tradition of each region.
1481:
Philippines exhibit the influence of indigenous, Hispanic and American musical traditions, reflecting the country's complex
1211:
4009:
2632:
1721:", and numerous others of varying genres. Church and college choirs celebrate with special programs and online recordings.
1636:
552:
333:, it became a widely used source of carols in among choirs and church congregations in Britain and remains in print today.
2067:
3738:
3453:
2798:
1503:
785:
33:
1302:
422:
It is not clear whether the word carol derives from the French "carole" or the Latin "carula" meaning a circular dance.
390:
as a Christmas carol. As recently as 1865, Christmas-related lyrics were adopted for the traditional English folk song "
3807:
3596:
3167:
2993:
1478:
914:
623:
26:
2317:. Melbourne : Printed and published for the proprietors by Robert Stewart at the Herald Office – via Trove.
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2770:
2541:
1960:
1924:
1825:
1783:
1472:
198:, a collection of late medieval Latin songs which was first published in 1582. Early, Latin forms of carols such as "
139:
2758:
4209:
4004:
3899:
1118:
893:
In Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, where it is the middle of summer at Christmas, there is a tradition of
199:
2120:
1874:
1692:
1134:
1130:
288:
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are sung regularly in both sacred and secular settings, and are among the better known modern Christmas carols.
3913:
3296:
3075:
2010:
1199:
311:, a scholarly collection which suffered from a short print run and is consequently rarely available today. The
2032:
Night: Tradition, Transformation and Cultural Understandings of Christmas Music Events in Helsinki, Finland".
434:
chord patterns, and it is this that gives them their uniquely characteristic musical sound. Some carols like "
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3616:
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1080:
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1065:
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484:
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Compositions continue to be written that become popular carols. For example, many of the carols written by
272:
268:
170:
began to derive music from popular songs, introducing something closer to the traditional Christmas carol.
89:
1096:
761:
3792:
852:
243:
203:
2901:
1718:
1682:. Although it is a Christmas carol in Wilhousky's English lyrics, in original Ukrainian lyrics it is a
1482:
1180:
559:
2162:
690:
562:, for example the Czech carol "Nesem vám noviny" (translated into English as "Come, All Ye Shepherds")
4582:
4577:
4145:
4134:
4054:
3906:
3827:
3646:
3403:
3291:
3005:
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1518:
in the 20th century, Christmas carols were banned by the government of Ceacuescu. Days following the
1405:
1223:
619:
588:
505:
913:(1892–1977) wrote music for Christmas carol lyrics written by John Wheeler (both men worked for the
465:
Almost all the well-known carols were not sung in church until the second half of the 19th century.
291:", a New England carol written by Edmund H. Sears and Richard S. Willis. The publication in 1871 of
4161:
3947:
3869:
3787:
3780:
3683:
3566:
3286:
2988:
2820:
2470:. Melbourne : published by A.M. Dinsdale by arrangement with Mr. Joe Slater – via Trove.
1730:
1493:) begin wassailing in November, with mostly children and young adults participating in the custom.
1188:
1184:
756:
704:
4109:
4094:
4029:
3979:
3974:
3883:
3864:
3748:
3468:
3017:
2791:
1897:
1172:
1157:
728:
570:
318:
4039:
3663:
3606:
3151:
2855:
1456:
1318:
1285:). There are separate carols for each of the three great feasts, referring respectively to the
1207:
833:
805:
793:
509:
367:
326:
322:
222:
122:
2666:
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helped to repopularise the carol, and it is this period that gave rise to such favourites as "
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3713:
3611:
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2894:
1278:
894:
766:
443:
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2522:
2516:
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King, Henry John; Commission, Australian Broadcasting; Australia, Symphony (12 March 1899).
1585:. Their written versions starts in the 15th century. In the past were usually being song by
4124:
4079:
3728:
3703:
3668:
3658:
3653:
3631:
3418:
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1362:, "God, who has no beginning, descended"), is linguistically dated to the beginning of the
848:
822:
612:
538:
395:
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155:
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133:, were austere statements of the theological doctrine of the Incarnation in opposition to
8:
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Delany, J. A.; Commission, Australian Broadcasting; Australia, Symphony (12 March 2018).
1983:
1519:
1440:
752:
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439:
414:, wherein potential audiences call the singers to request a performance over phone call.
284:
207:
173:
In the 13th century, in France, Germany, and particularly, Italy, under the influence of
130:
688:
Antiquarians in the 19th-century rediscovered early carols in museums. According to the
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159:
121:
The first known Christmas hymns may be traced to 4th-century Rome. Latin hymns such as
2157:
1203:
1068:" (known as "Angels We Have Heard On High" in English) is another famous French carol.
996:
382:
song (which is sung during drinking or while requesting ale), but is described in the
4204:
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3820:
3517:
3383:
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3012:
2983:
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2526:
2100:
2053:
1956:
1949:
1920:
1821:
1779:
1671:
1541:
1460:
1392:
1286:
1238:
1214:" (lit.: "tiny snowflake, white, tiny skirt") are popular German songs introduced in
1176:
1122:
668:
577:
566:
526:
494:
350:, this bestselling series has since expanded to a five-volume set. Along with editor
338:
264:
174:
20:
3276:
1165:
1164:. The carol most familiar in German besides those two is probably the 19th-century "
1149:
1071:
The 19th-century "Cantique de Noël" (also known as "Minuit, chrétiens", adapted as "
185:
chaplain, who lists twenty five "caroles of Cristemas", probably sung by groups of '
4387:
4245:
4214:
4174:
4119:
4104:
3889:
3576:
3448:
3438:
3373:
3189:
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2041:
1714:
1709:
Christmas music performed in the United States ranges from popular songs, such as "
1675:
1609:
1550:
1486:
1424:
1363:
1314:
1294:
910:
817:
751:
In the 1680s and 1690s, two French composers incorporated carols into their works.
474:
363:
347:
150:
In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Christmas sequence (or prose) was introduced in
3546:
1141:
in 1622 to an older melody, a lullaby singing "of Jesus and Mary", and for peace.
354:, the compilers included many arrangements of carols derived from sources such as
4502:
4382:
4340:
4320:
4305:
4184:
4024:
4019:
3999:
3765:
3551:
3483:
3443:
3378:
3328:
3261:
2946:
2045:
1679:
1667:
1632:
1546:
1391:
next year for more well-wishing. Almost all the various carols are in the common
1375:
1355:
1044:
1023:
899:
780:
735:, under Charles Fry, instituted the idea of playing carols at Christmas, using a
724:
435:
399:
383:
371:
343:
280:
151:
114:
97:
3423:
3115:
2521:(Cloth ed.). New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. p.
4433:
4295:
4240:
4114:
4044:
3994:
3841:
3561:
3529:
3413:
3353:
3219:
3194:
3162:
3100:
3070:
3000:
1577:) are a popular group of songs, usually requiring a chorus, that are song from
1346:
1219:
1138:
1043:
In 1535, a 16th-century carol, "Ça, Bergers, assemblons nous", was sung aboard
810:
732:
671:", discovered by Thomas Wright in 1847. Performed by the U.S. Army Band Chorus.
592:
581:
480:
359:
355:
260:
213:
194:
3523:
2141:
Songs and Carols Now First Printed, From a Manuscript of the Fifteenth Century
1226:
wrote a scientific book on German Christmas carols which is also a song book.
4571:
4497:
4418:
4356:
3463:
3458:
3338:
3333:
3256:
2978:
2936:
2889:
2841:
2601:
2431:
2397:
2144:
1417:
1114:
1027:
917:). These referred to the hot dry December of the Australian outback, dancing
903:
877:
330:
304:
77:
2499:
2482:
2465:
2380:
2346:
2312:
2295:
2278:
2261:
1101:
Some carols familiar in English are translations of German Christmas songs (
321:(OUP), was a notably successful collection; edited by the British composers
52:
44:
4492:
4440:
4275:
4034:
3534:
3408:
3065:
2956:
2916:
2862:
2263:
The first hymn for Christmas-Day : Hich let us swell our tuneful notes
2244:
1710:
1683:
1678:", and premiered in December 1916 by a choral group made up of students at
1617:
1554:
1330:
1326:
1298:
1250:
1234:
1215:
1153:
1145:
1072:
873:
841:
837:
699:
534:
501:
407:
398:". Little research has been conducted on carol singing, but one of the few
391:
300:
237:
178:
4522:
4199:
1345:
Christmas carol "Christoúgenna, Prōtoúgenna" ("Christmas, Firstmas"), the
708:(1872). In England and other countries, such as Poland (kolęda), Romania (
4532:
4507:
4428:
4408:
4403:
4377:
4330:
4310:
4260:
4194:
3641:
3428:
3368:
3348:
3308:
3303:
3224:
3174:
2448:
2414:
2329:
2219:
1396:
1342:
1301:, along with wishes for the household. In addition to the carols for the
1161:
1034:, Finland, with a local band and male choir performing Christmas carols.
985:
627:
470:
454:
447:
351:
252:
32:"Weihnachtslieder" redirects here. For the composition by Cornelius, see
2593:
2363:
1750:
4235:
4084:
3571:
3512:
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3204:
3199:
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wrote a few instrumental versions of noels, plus one major choral work
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489:
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226:
186:
182:
144:
65:
4270:
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709:
450:, and are among the oldest musical compositions still regularly sung.
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1666:", with English lyrics by the American composer of Ukrainian descent
1605:
1586:
1420:
1290:
989:
514:
85:
4335:
3507:
1947:
Shaw, Martin; Dearmer, Percy; Vaughan Williams, Ralph, eds. (1964).
1522:
in 1989, Christmas carols were sung for the first time in 42 years.
4526:
4517:
4471:
4315:
4189:
4089:
3586:
3540:
3281:
3135:
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2554:
1648:
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1428:
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255:
in the 19th century helped to widen the popular appeal of carols. "
134:
88:, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding
60:
3120:
3055:
2753:
2399:
While all things were in quiet silence : anthem for Christmas
2028:
Hebert, David; Kallio, Alexis Anja; Odendaal, Albi (2012). "NotSo
108:
4461:
4456:
4361:
4325:
4250:
4219:
3266:
3105:
3045:
2911:
2738:
1400:
1371:
1282:
723:
Singing carols in church was instituted on Christmas Eve 1880 in
231:
126:
716:), there is a tradition of Christmas caroling (earlier known as
4466:
4423:
4413:
4049:
3927:
3393:
3179:
3125:
2906:
2765:
1596:
origins are uncertain but usually cited to be related with the
1589:
and their families in market squares and in front of churches.
1578:
1432:
1409:
1031:
1000:
918:
783:
included carol melodies in the accompaniment of his song cycle
163:
995:(Canada's oldest Christmas song), written probably in 1642 by
957:
1899 While all things were in quiet silence by Henry John King
921:(a native Australian crane), and similar Australian features.
4265:
2951:
2450:
An Australian Christmas carol, for friends all over the globe
2334:. Melbourne : Ebenezer and David Syme – via Trove.
1436:
851:
extensively quotes the Christmas carol "Silent Night" in his
2776:
2068:"Dial-a-Carol: Student-run holiday jingle service open 24/7"
1662:
The Ukrainian carol most known to the Western World is the "
4487:
4151:
2869:
2260:
Johnson, James; Degotardi, Johann Nepomuk (12 March 1862).
1946:
1620:
arrived as it was kept alive in these mountainous regions.
1560:
1540:
in Portuguese) was a common poetic and musical form of the
1379:
1306:
1249:"Kalanta" redirects here. For the EP by Despina Vandi, see
992:
504:" comes from Austria. The carol was first performed in the
81:
1061:, was printed by Christophe Ballard (1641–1715), in Paris.
936:
1862 All My Heart This Night Rejoices by Charles E Horsley
924:
888:
406:
A modern form of the practice of caroling can be seen in "
2481:
Juncker, Aug. W.; Rogers, W. R. Russell (12 March 1890).
2429:
2181:
2125:
1370:
1000 AD; it is traditionally associated with the city of
1265:
from house to house on Christmas Eve, New Year's Eve and
1148:" (O Christmas tree), from a German folksong arranged by
394:", becoming the internationally popular Christmas carol "
303:
was a significant contribution to a revival of carols in
192:
Many carols which have gained popularity were printed in
2498:
Hart, Fritz Bennicke; Aickin, George E (12 March 2018).
2487:. [North Sydney? : A.W. Juncker? – via Trove.
2266:. Sydney : W.J. Johnson & Co – via Trove.
1916:
Publishing Glad Tidings : Essays on Christmas Music
1269:
Eve, and sing the corresponding folk carols, called the
2684:
2395:
872:, the last feast of the Christmas season, is marked by
2382:
Oh, lovely voices of the sky : hymn for Christmas
2368:. Hobart : J. Walch & Sons – via Trove.
2280:
All my heart this night rejoices : Christmas hymn
988:" (or "Twas in the Moon of Wintertime") is a Canadian
2362:
Packer, Charles Sandys; Röder, C. G (12 March 1883).
1969:
939:
1863 Australian Christmas Song by Ernesto Spagnoletti
525:
Several different Christmas episodes, apart from the
2734:
2504:. Melbourne : Allan & Co – via Trove.
2121:"Religion – Christianity: Carols – Christmas carols"
2027:
954:
1890 Oh, lovely voices of the sky by Alfred Plumpton
529:
itself, are described in Christmas carols, such as:
2622:
1090:
2413:Chanéet, G. S. de; Voight, Louis (12 March 1898).
2378:
2283:. Melbourne : C.E. Horsley – via Trove.
1976:
1948:
1261:Greek tradition calls for children to go out with
2514:
2436:. [n.p. : Paling & Co – via Trove.
2300:. Sydney : Alonzo Grocott – via Trove.
966:1908 Australian Christmas Carol by Joseph Summers
4569:
2501:The night of fear is over : Christmas carol
2419:. London : Cary & Co – via Trove.
2402:. : Novello and Company – via Trove.
2351:. New York : G. Schirmer – via Trove.
2259:
1913:Studwell, William E.; Jones, Dorothy E. (1998).
951:1883 Song of the Angels by Charles Sandys Packer
358:, as well as pieces by modern composers such as
2667:"More Scattered Fighting; 80,000 Reported Dead"
2463:
945:1866 Victorian Christmas Waltz by Cesare Cutolo
430:Traditionally, carols have often been based on
410:," an annual tradition held by students at the
147:(d. 413) is still sung in some churches today.
2464:Slater, Joe; McAlister, Ward (12 March 2018).
2379:Plumpton, Alfred; Hemans Mrs (12 March 1890).
2348:Jesu, Redemptor omnium : Christmas anthem
942:1864 Christmas in Australia by George Tolhurst
2792:
2480:
2453:. Perth : S. T. Upham – via Trove.
2412:
1912:
1455:The most popular Italian Christmas carol is "
473:, the "father of English hymnody", composed "
2327:
2311:Tolhurst, George; T, J. B. (12 March 1864).
2091:
975:1929 The Night of Fear Is Over by Fritz Hart
969:1910 My Little Christmas Belle by Joe Slater
963:1900 Yuletide Gavotte by John Albert Delaney
960:1900 In the Cathedral by George S De Chaneet
933:1862 Hymn for Christmas-Day by James Johnson
460:
307:. In 1916, Charles Lewis Hutchins published
112:A 1582 published version of the Latin carol
2723:. volume VII, no. 1, January 1934, p. С. 1.
2361:
2328:Cutolo, Cesare; Grosse, F (12 March 1866).
2293:
930:1852 Christmas Present Polka by John Howson
211:
2799:
2785:
2497:
412:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2310:
2277:Horsley, Charles Edward (12 March 1862).
1978:"Christopher Morris, musician – obituary"
1889:
626:", reflecting on the practice of ringing
48:Christmas carol group at Bangalore, India
2314:Christmas in Australia : prize song
1561:Andorra and Catalan-speaking territories
1233:
1050:In 1554, a collection of French carols,
342:. First published in 1961 and edited by
236:
166:. In the 12th century the Parisian monk
107:
59:
51:
43:
2446:
2276:
1813:
1333:", are also sung in Greek translation.
1309:carols, commonly called the "Carols of
1121:", which can be acted as a play of the
972:1910 Star of the East by August Juncker
925:Christmas music composed by Australians
889:Australia, South Africa and New Zealand
611:helping a poor man on 26 December (the
4570:
2575:
2344:
2294:Spagnoletti, Ernesto (12 March 1863).
1895:
1097:List of Christmas carols § German
221:Carols gained in popularity after the
19:For the novel by Charles Dickens, see
16:Song or hymn on the theme of Christmas
4129:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2780:
2178:"Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols"
1701:), having nothing with Christianity.
1670:, composed by the Ukrainian composer
1647:Ukrainian Christmas carols are named
1525:
1210:" ("Oh, come, little children") and "
1202:" ("Let us be happy and cheerful"), "
1187:" "(Silently the snow is falling)", "
948:1870 Christmas Anthem by Paolo Giorza
746:
520:
446:" can be traced directly back to the
417:
2633:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
1991:from the original on 11 January 2022
1899:Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern
1778:, Courier Dover Publications, 1976,
1229:
1059:Chants des Noëls Anciens et Modernes
653:15th-century English Christmas carol
553:While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks
277:Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern
247:(1871) helped to make carols popular
2222:, Christmas in Australia, Tom Wills
1955:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1875:"When Christmas carols were banned"
1504:Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
1443:harmonic polyphony, accompanied by
1305:, there are also the springtime or
1281:, the word deriving from the Roman
1193:Es ist für uns eine Zeit angekommen
1144:Two well-known later examples are "
13:
1743:
1477:Christmas carols in predominantly
915:Australian Broadcasting Commission
641:
624:I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day
467:Hymns Ancient and Modern 1861–1874
329:, along with clergyman and author
27:A Christmas Carol (disambiguation)
14:
4599:
2730:
2628:"Alfonso Maria de Liguori, santo"
2447:Summers, Joseph (12 March 2018).
2015:www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com
1713:", to Christmas carols, such as "
1473:List of Filipino Christmas carols
1075:" in English) is another classic.
868:In Austria, Belgium and Germany,
789:, Op. 8. Other examples include:
769:included Christmas carols in his
634:
241:19th-century carol books such as
56:Children singing Christmas carols
4550:
4549:
4005:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3900:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2764:
2752:
2737:
2249:. Sydney : J. Howson. 1852.
2196:"Zum gemeinsamen Dienst berufen"
1776:Christmas customs and traditions
1704:
1191:" (Daughter Zion, rejoice) and "
1183:(lit: "A rose has sprung up"), "
1119:Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her
1091:Germany, Austria and Switzerland
679:Problems playing this file? See
657:
271:" appear in English antiquarian
200:Christ was born on Christmas Day
2702:
2659:
2644:
2616:
2569:
2547:
2508:
2491:
2474:
2457:
2440:
2423:
2406:
2389:
2372:
2355:
2345:Giorza, Paulo (12 March 1888).
2338:
2321:
2304:
2287:
2270:
2253:
2237:
2225:
2213:
2188:
2170:
2150:
2133:
2113:
2085:
2060:
2021:
2003:
1940:
1555:Riu, riu, chiu: El lobo rabioso
1321:to be celebrated a week later.
1195:" ("Unto us a time has come").
1135:Vom Himmel hoch, o Engel, kommt
1131:Christum wir sollen loben schon
1064:Dating from the 18th century, "
863:
289:It Came Upon the Midnight Clear
3985:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3914:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3297:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
3076:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1906:
1867:
1841:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1768:
1635:events while the other to the
1466:
1435:; just across the straits, on
1200:Lasst uns froh und munter sein
210:" can be found in this book. "
154:monasteries, developing under
140:Of the Father's heart begotten
1:
3936:Christmas television specials
3835:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2922:Annunciation to the shepherds
2806:
2696:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com
2331:The Victorian Christmas waltz
2297:Our Australian Christmas song
1896:Sandys, William, ed. (1833).
1736:
1557:" and "Los peces en el río".
1516:Socialist Republic of Romania
1293:and the New Year, and to the
1212:Schneeflöckchen, Weißröckchen
1127:Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ
1057:In 1703, another collection,
1008:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
883:
549:Annunciation to the shepherds
317:, first published in 1928 by
293:Christmas Carols, New and Old
251:The publication of Christmas
244:Christmas Carols, New and Old
3990:Christmas and holiday season
2557:(in Finnish). City of Porvoo
2416:In the cathedral : song
2046:10.1080/17411912.2012.721525
1919:. New York : Haworth Press.
1849:"Article – Protestant music"
1820:. Random House. p. 84.
1459:", written in 1732 by Saint
1358:: Άναρχος θεός καταβέβηκεν,
1083:", comes from the region of
1066:Les Anges Dans Nos Campagnes
911:William Garnet "Billy" James
799:Fantasia on Christmas Carols
727:, Cornwall, (see article on
485:Hark! the Herald Angels Sing
269:Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
257:God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen
7:
2578:"Mediæval Christmas Carols"
2246:The Christmas present polka
1814:Coghlan, Alexandra (2016).
1724:
1627:is usually paired with the
1336:
1315:Saturday before Palm Sunday
1206:", ("Ring, Little Bell"), "
876:, children dressing as the
836:" has been set to music by
607:", based on a legend about
204:Good Christian Men, Rejoice
137:. Corde natus ex Parentis (
10:
4604:
2902:Adoration of the Shepherds
2515:McGee, Timothy J. (1985).
1719:O Little Town of Bethlehem
1642:
1509:
1470:
1360:Ánarkhos Theós katabébēken
1248:
1181:Es ist ein Ros entsprungen
1094:
1081:Il est né, le divin Enfant
1026:is declared every year on
1013:
826:(for choir and harp), 1942
771:cantatas for Christmastide
755:wrote 12 noels for organ.
560:Adoration of the shepherds
487:". A tune from a cantata,
103:
31:
18:
4545:
4480:
4449:
4396:
4370:
4349:
4228:
4173:
4160:
4146:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3958:
3907:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3853:
3828:The Oxford Book of Carols
3764:
3595:
3404:Feast of the Seven Fishes
3317:
3238:
3149:
3026:
2967:Massacre of the Innocents
2880:
2816:
2759:Category:Christmas carols
2655:Z dziejów polskiej kolędy
2467:My little Christmas belle
2232:" The Carol of the Birds"
2099:. London: Triangle/SPCK.
1951:The Oxford Book of Carols
1755:Oxford English Dictionary
1698:
1656:
1496:
1256:
1224:Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann
1054:, was printed in Orléans.
1052:La Grande Bible des Noëls
1047:'s ship on Christmas Day.
1037:
979:
762:Messe de minuit pour Noël
741:King's College, Cambridge
620:Ding Dong Merrily on High
589:Massacre of the Innocents
469:included several carols.
461:Church and liturgical use
309:Carols Old and Carols New
212:
3948:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1731:List of Christmas carols
1450:
1189:Tochter Zion, freue dich
1185:Leise rieselt der Schnee
757:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
705:Under the Greenwood Tree
425:
90:Christmas holiday season
68:playing Christmas carols
4110:Small Business Saturday
3980:Black Friday (shopping)
3975:Black Friday (partying)
3469:Nine Lessons and Carols
3399:Events and celebrations
2576:Ashley, Judith (1924).
2163:Encyclopædia Britannica
1427:, and accompanied by C-
1385:
1173:O Come, All Ye Faithful
729:Nine Lessons and Carols
691:Encyclopædia Britannica
319:Oxford University Press
225:in the countries where
3754:Post-War United States
2365:The song of the angels
2203:Die deutschen Bischöfe
1751:"2. A Christmas carol"
1490:
1457:Tu scendi dalle stelle
1319:Resurrection of Christ
1317:as a harbinger of the
1246:
1208:Ihr Kinderlein, kommet
1179:("Every year again"),
834:In the Bleak Midwinter
806:Victor Hely-Hutchinson
794:Ralph Vaughan Williams
646:
368:Richard Rodney Bennett
327:Ralph Vaughan Williams
248:
143:) by the Spanish poet
123:Veni redemptor gentium
118:
69:
57:
49:
25:. For other uses, see
3803:Hit singles in the US
3798:Hit singles in the UK
3359:Carols by Candlelight
3287:Santa Claus' daughter
2895:Adoration of the Magi
2385:. – via Trove.
2209:: 24. 8 January 1999.
2093:Dudley-Smith, Timothy
2034:Ethnomusicology Forum
1439:Island, the style is
1303:winter festive season
1279:Kalanta Christougenon
1237:
1152:and "Stille Nacht" ("
1109:are sometimes called
1018:In accordance with a
895:Carols by Candlelight
767:Johann Sebastian Bach
645:
444:The Holly and the Ivy
314:Oxford Book of Carols
297:Henry Ramsden Bramley
240:
111:
63:
55:
47:
4095:Santa's Candy Castle
3419:Google Santa Tracker
2773:at Wikimedia Commons
2713:Український пасічник
2653:Roman Mazurkiewicz,
1902:. : William Beckley.
1631:, being one for the
1608:(by the counties of
1156:") by the Austrians
1113:("shepherd songs").
849:Krzysztof Penderecki
823:A Ceremony of Carols
388:Cottonian Collection
279:. Composers such as
168:Adam of Saint Victor
156:Bernard of Clairvaux
4100:Santa Claus Village
4015:Christmas Mountains
3921:Journey of the Magi
2927:Baptism of the Lord
2745:Christianity portal
2624:Giuseppe Cacciatore
2582:Music & Letters
2518:The Music of Canada
2220:"The Three Drovers"
2184:. 16 December 2005.
1984:The Daily Telegraph
1520:Romanian Revolution
753:Louis-Claude Daquin
605:Good King Wenceslas
591:, for example the "
440:Good King Wenceslas
396:What Child is This?
285:Good King Wenceslas
208:Good King Wenceslas
131:Archbishop of Milan
37:, Op. 8 (Cornelius)
4210:Twelve-dish supper
4060:Jews and Christmas
4010:Christmas Lectures
3739:American Civil War
3474:NORAD Tracks Santa
2850:Saint Nicholas Day
2011:"A Bone, God Wot!"
1817:Carols from King's
1668:Peter J. Wilhousky
1664:Carol of the Bells
1526:Spain and Portugal
1347:Constantinopolitan
1247:
1158:Franz Xaver Gruber
857:Christmas Symphony
844:(1911) and others.
830:Christina Rossetti
776:Christmas Oratorio
747:In classical music
647:
521:Episodes described
418:Carols for dancing
275:' 1833 collection
249:
119:
84:) on the theme of
70:
58:
50:
4565:
4564:
4541:
4540:
4205:Thirteen desserts
4125:Virginia O'Hanlon
3970:Advent Conspiracy
3884:Films (Christmas,
3876:A Christmas Carol
3821:Carols for Choirs
3364:Cavalcade of Magi
3344:Boar's Head Feast
3013:Star of Bethlehem
2984:Nativity of Jesus
2972:flight into Egypt
2857:St. Stephen's Day
2769:Media related to
2757:Works related to
2594:10.1093/ml/V.1.65
2532:978-0-393-02279-7
2433:Yule-tide gavotte
2106:978-0-281-04300-2
2072:USA TODAY College
1672:Mykola Leontovych
1542:Iberian Peninsula
1461:Alphonsus Liguori
1423:practised in the
1416:, in the kind of
1393:dekapentasyllabos
1352:"Byzantine Carol"
1239:Nikiphoros Lytras
1230:Greece and Cyprus
1177:Alle Jahre wieder
1137:" was written by
1125:. He also wrote "
1117:wrote the carol "
669:This Endris Night
662:
578:Visit of the Magi
567:Star of Bethlehem
539:Gabriel's Message
495:Felix Mendelssohn
374:and John Rutter.
339:Carols for Choirs
305:Victorian Britain
265:I Saw Three Ships
175:Francis of Assisi
152:Northern European
22:A Christmas Carol
4595:
4583:Christian genres
4578:Christmas carols
4557:
4553:
4552:
4388:Redcurrant sauce
4177:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4140:Winter festivals
3890:Christmas horror
3857:
3768:
3599:
3454:Meals and feasts
3374:Christmas jumper
3321:
3292:Santa's reindeer
3244:
3190:Father Christmas
3154:
3111:Santa's workshop
3032:
2994:in later culture
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2810:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2771:Christmas carols
2768:
2756:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2724:
2721:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2663:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2545:
2536:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2484:Star of the East
2478:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2154:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1954:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1851:. Archived from
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1811:
1805:
1804:Miles, pp. 47–48
1802:
1796:
1795:Miles, pp. 31–37
1793:
1787:
1774:Miles, Clement,
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1747:
1715:Away in a Manger
1700:
1696:
1658:
1551:Pedro de Escobar
1364:High Middle Ages
1295:Baptism of Jesus
1204:Kling, Glöckchen
1107:Weihnachtslieder
1103:Weihnachtslieder
855:, nicknamed the
847:Polish composer
818:Benjamin Britten
786:Weihnachtslieder
773:, including his
712:) and Bulgaria (
664:
663:
644:
613:Feast of Stephen
609:Saint Wenceslaus
571:Star of the East
569:, for example, "
475:Joy to the World
364:Benjamin Britten
348:Reginald Jacques
217:
216:
35:Weihnachtslieder
4603:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4537:
4503:Pickled herring
4476:
4445:
4392:
4383:Cranberry sauce
4366:
4345:
4321:Red velvet cake
4306:Poppy seed roll
4224:
4175:
4164:
4162:
4156:
4135:White Christmas
4025:Christmas truce
4020:Christmas seals
4000:Christmas creep
3962:
3960:
3954:
3855:
3849:
3766:
3760:
3597:
3591:
3444:Lord of Misrule
3379:Christmas Peace
3329:Advent calendar
3319:
3313:
3262:Knecht Ruprecht
3242:
3240:
3234:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3034:
3030:
3022:
2947:Herod the Great
2882:
2876:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2743:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2636:. Vol. 2.
2621:
2617:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2533:
2513:
2509:
2496:
2492:
2479:
2475:
2462:
2458:
2445:
2441:
2428:
2424:
2411:
2407:
2394:
2390:
2377:
2373:
2360:
2356:
2343:
2339:
2326:
2322:
2309:
2305:
2292:
2288:
2275:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2158:"Carol – music"
2156:
2155:
2151:
2139:Thomas Wright,
2138:
2134:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2097:A Flame of Love
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2026:
2022:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1911:
1907:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1727:
1707:
1690:
1680:Kyiv University
1645:
1633:winter solstice
1563:
1547:Juan del Encina
1528:
1512:
1499:
1475:
1469:
1453:
1388:
1356:Byzantine Greek
1339:
1313:", sung on the
1259:
1254:
1232:
1123:Christmas story
1099:
1093:
1045:Jacques Cartier
1040:
1024:Christmas Peace
1022:tradition, the
1016:
997:Jean de Brébeuf
982:
927:
902:performers and
900:musical theatre
891:
886:
866:
781:Peter Cornelius
749:
725:Truro Cathedral
686:
685:
677:
675:
674:
673:
672:
665:
658:
655:
648:
642:
637:
580:, for example "
551:, for example "
537:, for example "
523:
463:
436:Personent hodie
428:
420:
384:British Library
372:William Mathias
344:David Willcocks
281:Arthur Sullivan
115:Personent hodie
106:
98:Christmas music
74:Christmas carol
40:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4601:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4434:Smoking Bishop
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
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4115:Super Saturday
4112:
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4097:
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4087:
4082:
4077:
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4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
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4045:Giving Tuesday
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3995:Christmas club
3992:
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3966:
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3880:
3879:
3872:
3861:
3859:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:Piae Cantiones
3838:
3831:
3824:
3814:
3808:Music charts (
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3783:
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3762:
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3312:
3311:
3306:
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3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:Père Fouettard
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3243:Saint Nicholas
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:Grandpa Indian
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3163:Saint Nicholas
3159:
3157:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3101:Old Man Winter
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Miner's figure
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:Kallikantzaros
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3001:Nativity scene
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
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2886:
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2877:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2836:Children's Day
2832:
2825:
2822:Blue Christmas
2817:
2814:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2762:
2749:
2748:
2732:
2731:External links
2729:
2726:
2725:
2709:(in Ukrainian)
2701:
2683:
2658:
2643:
2615:
2568:
2546:
2544:. (Paperback).
2531:
2507:
2490:
2473:
2456:
2439:
2422:
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2354:
2337:
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2187:
2169:
2149:
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2084:
2059:
2040:(3): 402–423.
2020:
2002:
1968:
1961:
1939:
1925:
1905:
1888:
1866:
1855:on 11 May 2013
1840:
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1767:
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1740:
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1734:
1733:
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1723:
1706:
1703:
1644:
1641:
1637:spring equinox
1571:Cançó de Nadal
1562:
1559:
1527:
1524:
1511:
1508:
1498:
1495:
1471:Main article:
1468:
1465:
1452:
1449:
1387:
1384:
1338:
1335:
1258:
1255:
1231:
1228:
1220:primary school
1166:O du fröhliche
1150:Ernst Anschütz
1139:Friedrich Spee
1133:". The carol "
1092:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1039:
1036:
1015:
1012:
981:
978:
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967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
926:
923:
890:
887:
885:
882:
865:
862:
861:
860:
853:Symphony No. 2
845:
827:
815:
811:Carol Symphony
803:
748:
745:
733:Salvation Army
676:
666:
656:
651:
650:
649:
640:
639:
638:
636:
635:Early examples
633:
632:
631:
616:
597:
596:
593:Coventry Carol
585:
582:We Three Kings
574:
563:
556:
545:
542:
527:birth of Jesus
522:
519:
506:Nikolauskirche
481:Charles Wesley
462:
459:
427:
424:
419:
416:
360:William Walton
356:Piae Cantiones
273:William Sandys
261:The First Noel
214:Adeste Fideles
195:Piae Cantiones
105:
102:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4600:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4558:
4548:
4547:
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4534:
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4528:
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4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:Meat and fish
4479:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Hot chocolate
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
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4379:
4376:
4375:
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4369:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4218:
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4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
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4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Ugly sweaters
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
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4081:
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4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
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4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:Controversies
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3865:In literature
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3734:United States
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
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3697:
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3677:
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3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
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3620:
3618:
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3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
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3516:
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3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Moravian star
3462:
3460:
3459:Midnight Mass
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
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3427:
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3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
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3390:
3387:
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3382:
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3372:
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3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Candle arches
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:Advent wreath
3337:
3335:
3334:Advent candle
3332:
3330:
3327:
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3310:
3307:
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3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:Companions of
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
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3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:Gift-bringers
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
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3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
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3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
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3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
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3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3025:
3019:
3018:Twelfth Night
3016:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:Nativity Fast
2977:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2937:Christmastide
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Angel Gabriel
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:Biblical Magi
2888:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2843:Christmas Eve
2840:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2761:at Wikisource
2760:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2735:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2705:
2697:
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2656:
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2639:
2635:
2634:
2629:
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2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2543:
2542:0-393-95376-9
2539:
2534:
2528:
2524:
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2485:
2477:
2469:
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2273:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2205:(in German).
2204:
2197:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2146:
2145:Percy Society
2142:
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2127:
2122:
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2102:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2073:
2069:
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2024:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1962:9780193533158
1958:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1928:
1926:9780789003980
1922:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1876:
1870:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1829:
1827:9781785940941
1823:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1785:
1784:0-486-23354-5
1781:
1777:
1771:
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1746:
1742:
1732:
1729:
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1722:
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1716:
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1705:United States
1702:
1697:, Ukrainian:
1694:
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1685:
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1677:
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1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1604:mountains in
1603:
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1590:
1588:
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1580:
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1539:
1535:
1534:
1523:
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1507:
1505:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1485:. Carollers (
1484:
1480:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
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1412:are strictly
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1395:(15-syllable
1394:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1343:Peloponnesian
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
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1155:
1151:
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1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:Martin Luther
1112:
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1060:
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1029:
1028:Christmas Eve
1025:
1021:
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4276:Melomakarono
4144:
4035:Cyber Monday
3940:
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3874:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3816:Music books
3809:
3775:
3647:Nazi Germany
3539:
3535:Secret Santa
3522:
3409:Flying Santa
3116:Tió de Nadal
3066:Korvatunturi
2917:Annunciation
2883:Christianity
2864:Sol Invictus
2711:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2646:
2631:
2618:
2588:(1): 65–71.
2585:
2581:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2555:"Joulurauha"
2549:
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2096:
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2075:. Retrieved
2071:
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2014:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1982:
1971:
1950:
1942:
1930:. Retrieved
1915:
1908:
1898:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1853:the original
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1816:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1775:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:
1745:
1711:Jingle Bells
1708:
1684:Generous Eve
1661:
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1624:
1622:
1618:Christianity
1593:
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1476:
1454:
1389:
1378:(modern-day
1367:
1359:
1340:
1331:O Tannenbaum
1327:Silent Night
1323:
1299:River Jordan
1274:
1270:
1260:
1251:Kalanta (EP)
1242:
1216:Kindergarten
1197:
1170:
1154:Silent Night
1146:O Tannenbaum
1143:
1111:Hirtenlieder
1110:
1106:
1105:). Pastoral
1102:
1100:
1078:
1073:O Holy Night
1058:
1051:
1017:
983:
909:
892:
874:star singers
867:
864:Star singers
856:
842:Harold Darke
838:Gustav Holst
821:
809:
797:
784:
774:
760:
750:
722:
703:
700:Thomas Hardy
689:
687:
678:
630:at Christmas
628:church bells
598:
535:Annunciation
524:
502:Silent Night
499:
488:
479:
466:
464:
452:
429:
421:
408:Dial-A-Carol
405:
400:sociological
392:Greensleeves
376:
337:
335:
312:
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301:John Stainer
292:
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149:
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93:
73:
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41:
34:
21:
4508:Roast goose
4429:Mulled wine
4409:Champurrado
4404:Apple cider
4378:Bread sauce
4331:Szaloncukor
4311:Pumpkin pie
4261:Gingerbread
4215:Smörgåsbord
3856:Other media
3694:Philippines
3684:New Zealand
3567:Twelve Days
3524:Räuchermann
3479:Nutcrackers
3429:Las Posadas
3389:Decorations
3369:Christingle
3309:Zwarte Piet
3304:Snegurochka
3225:Sinterklaas
3175:Santa Claus
2716: [
2651:(in Polish)
2234:, ingeb.org
2077:24 February
1859:22 November
1691: [
1688:shchedrivka
1573:(in plural
1514:During the
1467:Philippines
1382:, Turkey).
1162:Joseph Mohr
1010:in Canada.
986:Huron Carol
878:Three Kings
471:Isaac Watts
455:Alfred Burt
448:Middle Ages
352:John Rutter
323:Martin Shaw
253:music books
223:Reformation
179:John Awdlay
92:. The term
80:(a song or
4588:Song forms
4572:Categories
4236:Candy cane
4185:Joulupöytä
4085:Pikkujoulu
3749:New Mexico
3598:By country
3572:Wassailing
3513:Poinsettia
3320:Traditions
3272:Mrs. Claus
3252:Belsnickel
3205:Julemanden
3200:Joulupukki
3131:Wenceslaus
3096:North Pole
3061:Jack Frost
3051:Christkind
3006:Neapolitan
2829:Boxing Day
1932:11 October
1737:References
1602:Pedraforca
1533:villancico
1414:pentatonic
1095:See also:
1004:missionary
884:By country
737:brass band
718:wassailing
681:media help
490:Festgesang
380:wassailing
227:Protestant
187:wassailers
183:Shropshire
162:of rhymed
145:Prudentius
66:brass band
4523:Tourtière
4513:Romeritos
4450:Dumplings
4397:Beverages
4301:Pecan pie
4291:Panettone
4286:Pampushka
4281:Mince pie
4256:Fruitcake
4200:Réveillon
4080:NFL games
4075:NBA games
4070:In August
4040:Economics
3810:Billboard
3664:Indonesia
3607:Australia
3582:Yule goat
3557:Stockings
3491:Ornaments
3220:Père Noël
3215:Olentzero
3210:Noel Baba
3185:Ded Moroz
3141:Yule Lads
3081:Mari Lwyd
2932:Bethlehem
2809:Christmas
2692:"Koliada"
2602:0027-4224
2143:(London:
2054:143629912
1995:4 October
1833:7 October
1760:1 January
1676:Shchedryk
1653:Ukrainian
1629:caramella
1606:Catalonia
1587:shepherds
1538:vilancete
1491:Namamaskô
1445:mandolins
1429:clarinets
1421:polyphony
1291:St. Basil
1263:triangles
990:Christmas
898:singers,
832:'s poem "
702:'s novel
696:macaronic
515:Methodist
510:Oberndorf
86:Christmas
4556:Category
4527:meat pie
4518:Stuffing
4472:Varenyky
4341:Yule log
4316:Qurabiya
4190:Julebord
4163:Food and
4090:SantaCon
4055:El Gordo
3942:Yule Log
3714:Scotland
3627:Ethiopia
3612:Colombia
3587:Yule log
3541:Spanbaum
3518:Pyramids
3384:Crackers
3282:Sack Man
3168:folklore
3136:Yule cat
3041:Badalisc
3031:folklore
2942:Epiphany
2638:Treccani
2626:(1960).
2561:12 March
2095:(1987).
1989:Archived
1881:12 March
1725:See also
1699:щедрівка
1649:kolyadka
1598:Montseny
1583:Epiphany
1479:Catholic
1441:tempered
1404:example
1337:Variants
1287:Nativity
1267:Epiphany
1085:Provence
1020:medieval
870:Epiphany
840:(1905),
714:koledari
517:hymnal.
442:", and "
432:medieval
299:and Sir
160:sequence
135:Arianism
4462:Pierogi
4457:Hallaca
4362:Borscht
4326:Stollen
4296:Pavlova
4271:Makówki
4251:Cozonac
4220:Wigilia
4105:Scrooge
4065:In July
3963:society
3895:Poetry
3729:Ukraine
3704:Romania
3669:Ireland
3659:Iceland
3654:Hungary
3642:Germany
3632:Finland
3622:England
3617:Denmark
3577:Windows
3508:Piñatas
3496:Parades
3449:Markets
3434:Letters
3424:Hampers
3267:Krampus
3106:Perchta
3046:Caganer
2676:1 March
2671:AP NEWS
2147:, 1847)
1786:, p. 32
1686:carol (
1657:колядки
1643:Ukraine
1575:nadales
1510:Romania
1487:Tagalog
1483:history
1433:fiddles
1425:Balkans
1401:caesura
1399:with a
1374:in the
1372:Kotyora
1329:" and "
1311:Lazarus
1297:in the
1283:calends
1275:Kalanda
1271:Kalanta
1129:" and "
1014:Finland
919:brolgas
814:, 1927.
802:, 1912.
710:colindă
622:" and "
287:" and "
267:" and "
232:Puritan
206:" and "
164:stanzas
158:into a
127:Ambrose
104:History
4533:Turkey
4467:Tamale
4424:Kissel
4414:Eggnog
4371:Sauces
4357:Menudo
4336:Turrón
4246:Cookie
4229:Sweets
4195:Kūčios
4176:Dinner
4050:Grinch
3961:modern
3928:Tomten
3887:Santa,
3870:novels
3788:Operas
3776:Carols
3744:Hawaii
3724:Sweden
3719:Serbia
3709:Russia
3699:Poland
3689:Norway
3679:Mexico
3637:France
3552:Stamps
3547:Szopka
3439:Lights
3394:Didukh
3230:Others
3180:Befana
3126:Vertep
2989:in art
2957:Joseph
2907:Advent
2610:726261
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1614:Girona
1594:Nadala
1581:until
1579:Advent
1567:Nadala
1497:Poland
1410:Epirus
1406:carols
1376:Pontos
1307:Lenten
1257:Custom
1245:, 1872
1243:Carols
1038:France
1032:Porvoo
1001:Jesuit
980:Canada
4266:Kutia
4165:drink
3793:Songs
3767:Music
3674:Italy
3530:Seals
3484:dolls
3414:Gifts
3354:Cards
3257:Elves
3121:Turoń
3091:Nisse
3056:Grýla
2952:Jesus
2720:]
2606:JSTOR
2199:(PDF)
2050:S2CID
1877:. BBC
1695:]
1610:Osona
1451:Italy
1437:Corfu
1418:drone
1408:from
1289:, to
984:The "
493:, by
426:Music
78:carol
76:is a
4488:Carp
4350:Soup
4241:Cake
4152:Xmas
3781:list
3562:Tree
3501:list
2962:Mary
2871:Yule
2678:2022
2598:ISSN
2563:2021
2538:ISBN
2527:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2079:2016
1997:2016
1957:ISBN
1934:2016
1921:ISBN
1883:2022
1861:2010
1835:2016
1822:ISBN
1780:ISBN
1762:2020
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