391:. The term "international member" is applied to non-citizens who are elected to the NAE. "The NAE has more than 2,000 peer-elected members and international members, senior professionals in business, academia, and government who are among the world's most accomplished engineers", according to the NAE site's About page. Election to the NAE is considered to be among the highest recognitions in engineering-related fields, and it often comes as a recognition of a lifetime's worth of accomplishments. Nomination for membership can only be done by a current member of the NAE for outstanding engineers with identifiable contributions or accomplishments in one or both of the following categories:
820:
project received "...thousands of inputs from around the world to determine its list of Grand
Challenges for Engineering, and its report was reviewed by more than 50 subject-matter experts, making it among the most reviewed of Academy studies." In February 2008, the committee announced 14 Engineering Grand Challenges fitting into four broad categories: energy, sustainability, and global climate change; medicine, health informatics and health care delivery systems; reducing our vulnerability to natural and human threats; and advancing the human spirit and capabilities. NAE noted that a number of engineering schools had developed coursework based upon Grand Challenge themes.
258:, who had been elected in 1872, was the sole remaining representative of the Corps of Engineers. With the Engineering Division in the wartime National Research Council being used as a precedent, the Academy established its first engineering section with nine members in 1919 with civil war veteran Henry Larcom Abbot as its first chairman. OF those nine members, only two were new members, the others had transferred from existing sections; "... of the 164 members of the Academy that year, only seven chose to identify themselves as engineers."
304:
Incorporation of the new academy and its twenty-five charter members met to organize the
National Academy of Engineering (NAE) as an autonomous parallel body in the National Academy of Sciences, with Augustus B. Kinzel as its first President. OF the 675 members of the National Academy of Sciences at that time, only about 30 called themselves engineers. The National Academy of Engineering then were a "purposeful compromise" given the fears of the NAS of expanded membership by engineers.
47:
284:, an engineer with the Union Carbide Corporation and a member of the Academy, stated that the "..engineering profession was considering the establishment of an academy of engineering..." confirmed by the Engineers Joint Council of the national engineering societies to afford themselves of opportunities and services similar to those the Academy provided in science. The question being, whether to affiliate with the National Academy or set up a separate Academy.
195:
standing committees: (mathematics and astronomy; physics and engineering; chemistry; geology and paleontology; biology; and anthropology. In 1911, this committee structure was again reorganized into eight committees: biology was separated into botany; zoology and animal morphology; and physiology and pathology; anthropology was renamed anthropology and psychology with the remaining committees including physics and engineering, unchanged.
203:
humanities. The proposed creation of sections of medicine and engineering was protested by one member because those professions were "mainly followed for pecuniary gain". Hale's suggestions were not accepted. Nonetheless, in 1915, the
Section of Physics and Engineering was recommended to be changed to physics only, and a year later the Academy began planning a separate section of engineering.
266:, was actually trained and early on practiced as a civil engineer. The Academy's response was to move forward with the idea of achieving Academy control over the provision of technical services to the Government by means of formal recognition of the role played by the National Research Council (NRC) established the next year in 1916. Later in 1918, Wilson formalized the NRC's existence under
1204:, Ohio. The prize has been given biennially in odd years since 2001. Named after Fritz Russ, the founder of Systems Research Laboratories, and his wife Dolores Russ, it recognizes a bioengineering achievement that "has had a significant impact on society and has contributed to the advancement of the human condition through widespread use." The award was instigated at the request of
275:"(T)o stimulate research in the mathematical. physical, and biological sciences. and in the application of these sciences to engineering, agriculture. medicine. and other useful arts. with the object of increasing knowledge, of strengthening the national defense, and of contributing in other ways to the public welfare."
914:
device-centric to addressing complex or wicked social issues that cannot be solved by technology alone, i.e. more devices. With the Grand
Challenges though, NAE "...charted a course for... (engineering)... to move from devices to global social challenges, and has identified a number of exciting ones."
905:
NAE also stated that the Grand
Challenges were "...not targeted to any one country or corporate sector... (and)... are relevant to everyone in every country. In fact, some of them bear on the very survival of society. If solving these challenges can become an international movement, all will benefit."
594:
has "...literally lighted the world and impacted countless areas of daily life, including food production and processing, air conditioning and heating, refrigeration, entertainment, transportation, communication, health care, and computers." Later in 2003, the
National Academy of Engineering published
1040:
The
Frontiers of Engineering program assembles a group of emerging engineering leaders - usually aged 30–45 - to discuss cutting-edge research in various engineering fields and industry sectors. The goal of the meetings is to bring participants together to collaborate, network, and share ideas. There
819:
was charged with the task of identifying "..key engineering challenges for improving life in the 21st century." NAE's intent was to develop a set of challenges of such importance that they warranted serious investment and if successful, would "lead to a marked improvement in our quality of life." The
374:
reported that the
American system of doctoral education in science and engineering, while "...long a world model, should be reshaped to produce more 'versatile scientists,' rather than narrowly specialized researchers". Again in 2000, NAE returned to this education theme with its detailed studies of
303:
Ultimately, the initial organizers decided to create the
Academy of Engineering as part of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). On December 5, 1964, marking, "a major landmark in the history of the relationships between science and engineering in our country," the Academy approved the Articles of
1087:
The Center for the
Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education. was established to advance engineering education in the United States, aiming for curriculum changes that address the needs of new generations of engineering students and the unique problems they will face with the challenges of
797:
that are inherently global in nature and require technological innovations and applications of systems thinking. Further, NAE argues that the solutions call upon engineers to persuasively influence "...public policy, transfer technical innovation to the market place, and to inform and be informed by
593:
Some of the achievements, though, such as the telephone and the automobile which were not invented in the 20th century were included because of the impact they had were not really apparent until the 20th century. The top achievement, electrification is essential for almost part of modern society and
194:
with the purpose to "...investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art..." No reference to engineering was in the original act, the first recognition of any engineering role was with the setup of the Academy's standing committees in 1899. At that time, there were six
1078:
This program, recognizing that the engineering profession has often been associated with causing environmental harm, looks to recognize and publicize that the profession is now at the forefront of mitigating negative environmental impacts. The program will provide policy guidance to government, the
584:
announced the 20 top engineering achievements having the greatest impact on the quality of life in the 20th century. Twenty-nine professional engineering societies provided 105 nominations which then selected and ranked the top 20 achievements. The nominations were pared to less than fifty and then
253:
During the period of national preparations, an increasing number of engineers were being elected to the physics and engineering section of the Academy, this did not, however, resolve the long-standing issue of where to place applied sciences such as engineering in the Academy. In 1863, the founding
249:
requested the National Academy of Sciences to organize a "National Research Council" albeit with the assistance of the Engineering Foundation. (pg. 569) The purpose of the Council (at first called the National Research Foundation) was in part to foster and encourage "the increased use of scientific
1127:
In addition to these efforts, the NAE fosters good relationships with members of the media to ensure coverage of the work of the institution and to serve as a resource for the media to use when they have technical questions or would like to speak to an NAE member on a particular matter. The NAE is
904:
NAE noted in its report that the Grand Challenges for Engineering were not "...ranked in importance or likelihood of solution, nor was any strategy proposed for solving them. Rather, they were offered as a way to inspire the profession, young people, and the public at large to seek the solutions."
261:
During this period of 1915-1916 activity by engineering societies, the National Academy of Sciences complained that there was a lack of scientists and the predominance of engineers on the Federal government's wartime technical committee, the Naval Consulting Board. One of the mathematicians on the
736:
magazine ran a similar poll of 20th-century accomplishments, and its website users ranked the first Moon landing in 1969 in second place versus NAE's 12th. The NAE listing was also criticized for not recognizing the role physics played in laying the foundations for the engineering accomplishments
1061:
This program area studies connections between engineering, technology, and the economic performance of the United States. Efforts aim to advance the understanding of engineering's contribution to the sectors of the domestic economy and to learn where engineering may enhance economic performance.
929:
Another commentator observed that challenges with respect to sustainability concentrated on specific elements of the problem without addressing "... "what level of energy use would be sustainable on a global scale." While India and China are 1000-1500 Watt per person societies, the United States
202:
presented a paper on the occasion of the Academy's 50th anniversary, outlining an expansive future agenda for the Academy. Hale proposed a vision of an Academy that interacted with the "whole range of science", one that actively supported newly recognized disciplines, industrial sciences and the
917:
One critical reaction to the NAE's challenges noted that engineers today are the "...unacknowledged legislators of the world... (and by)... designing and constructing new structures, processes, and products, they are influencing how we live as much as any laws enacted by politicians. The author
299:
as the prime mover, to make plans to establish a new National Academy of Engineering that's independent, with a congressional charter of its own. Walker noted that this moment offered a "...singular opportunity for the engineering profession to participate actively and directly in communicating
287:
During the past century of the Academy's existence, engineers had been part of the founding members and a sixth of its membership, the founding of the National Research Council in 1916 with the assistance of the Engineering Foundation, the contributions of the NRC Division of Engineering in the
729:
The NAE's achievements list was criticized for ranking space technology (listed as "Spacecraft") twelfth instead of number one despite NAE recognizing in its report that the Soviet Union's Sputnik "shocked the world and started a space race that launched the greatest engineering team effort in
1359:
Cochrane (1978), citing George Ellery Hale, "National Academies and the Progress of Research. III. The Future of the National Academy of Sciences," Science 40:907-919 (December 15, 1914); 41:12-25 (January I, 1915). Hale's complete study was published as National Academies and the Progress of
1123:
in which experts from the National Academies and elsewhere provide reporters, state and local public information officers, emergency managers, and representatives from the public sector with important information about weapons of mass destruction and their impact. This project is conducted in
1041:
are three Frontiers of Engineering meetings every year: the U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium, the German-American Frontiers of Engineering Symposium, and the Japan-America Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. The Indo-U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium is held every other year.
913:
One writer favorably observed that the Academy's list of 20th-century engineering achievements was dominated by devices and when asked to project advances for the 21st, the result was again, device dominated. With respect to the Grand Challenges, the NAE reframed its discussion from being
1049:
The goal of the diversity office is to participate in studies addressing the issue of increasing and broadening a domestic talent pool. Through this effort the NAE convenes workshops, coordinators with other organizations, and identifies program needs and opportunities for improvement.
1031:
Summit, held in London on March 12–13, 2013. In September 2015 a second Global Grand Challenges Summit was held in Beijing, with more than 800 attendees invited by the three academies. The third Global Grand Challenges Summit was hosted by the NAE in the United States in 2017.
170:
The NAE operates engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. New members are annually elected by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in
375:
engineering education as part of its "Engineer of 2020 Studies" project. The reports concluded that engineering education must be reformed or American engineers will be poorly prepared for engineering practice. Soon after, the American Society of Civil Engineers adopted
1103:
The Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society seeks to engage engineers and the engineering profession in identifying and resolving ethical issues associated with engineering research and practice. The Center works is closely linked with the Online Ethics Center.
1065:
The project also aims to investigate the best ways to determine levels of technological literacy in the United States among three distinct populations in the United States: K-12 students, K-12 teachers, and out-of-school adults. A report (and associated website),
1115:
A weekly radio spot produced by the NAE is broadcast on WTOP radio in the Washington, D.C., area and the file and text of the spot can be found on the NAE site. The NAE also distributes a biweekly newsletter focusing on engineering issues and advancements.
918:
argued that NAE's Grand Challenges should have included the "...challenge of thinking about what we are doing as we turn the world into an (engineering) artifact and the appropriate limitations of this engineering power." This is already happening in the
943:
In 2010, NAE developed a plan for preparing engineering students at the undergraduate academic degree level to practice in career fields that emerged as a result of the effort to answer the Grand Challenges. The program had five components, namely:
814:
The Academy introduced its "Grand Challenges for Engineering" project in 2007 with the commissioning of a blue-ribbon committee composed of leading technological thinkers from around the globe. The committee, led by former Secretary of Defense
2032:
Fang, Xing, et al. "Environmental impacts on surface water and groundwater for expanding urban water supply capacity using stone quarries." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers. 2009. Citing McGhee and Steel
1767:
Business, &. Manufacturing Editors, "National Academy of Engineering Reveals Top Engineering Impacts of the 20th Century: Electrification Cited as most Important." Business Wire, Feb 22, 2000, pp. 1, ABI/INFORM Collection; ProQuest
780:
It was also noted that these 20th-century accomplishments did not come without impacts on the environment or societies. Electrification as an example, resulting in fossil-fuel-burning power plants, airplanes and automobiles which emit
1003:. NAE's objective was also to inform instructional practices, particularly dealing with the connections among science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. The Technological Literacy Standards were funded by the
250:
research in the development of American industries... the employment of scientific methods in strengthening the national defense... and such other applications of science as will promote the national security and welfare."
934:
is 2,000 W per person. Similar questions were raised on the NAE's challenge for access to clean water. The average daily per capita water consumption in American cities varies from 130 to 2000 liters (35 to 530 gallons).
1091:
The Center worked closely with the Committee on Engineering Education, which works to improve the quality of engineering education by providing advice to policymakers, administrators, employers, and other stakeholders.
1993:
Front Matter." National Academy of Engineering. 2016. Grand Challenges for Engineering: Imperatives, Prospects, and Priorities: Summary of a Forum. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23440.
1222:
The NAE annually awards the Charles Stark Draper Prize, which is given for the advancement of engineering and the education of the public about engineering. The recipient receives $ 500,000. The prize is named for
1182:. Each year, the Gordon Prize awards $ 500,000 to the grantee, of which the recipient may personally use $ 250,000, and his or her institution receives $ 250,000 for the ongoing support of academic development.
347:
In 1986, the NAE issued a report encouraging foreign investment, calling for stronger Federal action. That same year, NAE member Robert W. Rummel (1915-2009), space expert and aerospace engineer, served on The
254:
members who were prominent military and naval engineers comprised almost a fifth of the membership. during the latter part of the 19th century, this engineering membership steadily declined and by 1912,
966:
Service learning that develops and engages the engineer's social consciousness and its willingness to bring to bear the profession's technical expertise on societal problems through programs such as
589:"Thus, bridges, tunnels, and roads were merged into the interstate highway system, and tractors, combines, robot cotton pickers, and chisel plows were simply lumped into agricultural mechanization."
2286:
398:
Pioneering of new and developing fields of technology, making major advancements in traditional fields of engineering, or developing/implementing innovative approaches to engineering education.
300:
objective advice to the government..." on engineering matters related to national policy. A secondary function was to recognize distinguished individuals for their engineering contributions.
991:. The question for STEM educators was how to prepare K-12 students to participate in solving the wicked problems associated with the Grand Challenges. One response was to align STEM program
292:
during World War II. In short, "...the ascendancy of science in the public mind since World War I had been partly at the expense of the prestige of the engineering profession." (See also.)
1408:
A Chronicle of Public Laws Calling for Action by the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, [and] National Research Council
777:. The St. Lawrence seaway was "...one of the largest transborder projects ever undertaken by two countries and one of the greatest engineering achievements of the 20th century."
1253:
745:
for electrification. NAE's list ranked electronics based upon two inventions, the transistor and integrated circuits, even it neglected to mention their physicist inventors,
175:. The NAE is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the rest of the National Academies the role of advising the federal government.
996:
184:
17:
1686:
National Academy of Engineering (NAE). (2005). "Educating the engineer of 2020: Adapting engineering education to the new century." National Academies, Washington, DC, 192.
321:
In 1966, the National Academy of Engineering established the Committee on Public Engineering Policy (COPEP). In 1982, the NAE and NAS committees were merged to become the
679:
1248:
164:
148:
109:
2080:
Regli, William, and Jeff Heisserman. "Report from the Royal Academy of Engineering's Global Grand Challenges Summit." Computer-Aided Design 11.45 (2013): 1485-1487.
226:. The report, submitted to President Wilson in November 1917, concluded that claims of repeated interruptions in canal traffic for years to come were unjustified.
1374:
Pursell, Carroll. "Engineering Organization and the Scientist in World War I: The Search for National Service and Recognition." Prometheus 24.3 (2006): 257-268.
2529:
1977:
O'Leary, Maureen. "Grand Challenges for Engineering." The National Academies in Focus, vol. 8, no. 1, 2008, pp. 20-21, ABI/INFORM Collection; ProQuest Central.
1258:
1786:
Goodwin, Irwin. "Engineers proclaim top achievements of 20th century, but neglect attributing feats to roots in physics." Physics Today 53.5 (2000): 48-49.
322:
2290:
2045:
EbD and the NAE Grand Challenges for Engineering." Technology and Engineering Teacher, vol. 71, no. 6, 2012, pp. 3, Education Database; ProQuest Central.
960:
inclusive of skills to translate "...invention to innovation... (and)... develop market ventures that scale to global solutions in the public interest."
1926:
Olson, Steve. Grand Challenges for Engineering: Imperatives, Prospects, and Priorities: Summary of a Forum. National Academies Press, 2016 Accessed at
984:
2416:
2534:
1914:
Workshop on developing a national network of Grand Challenge Scholars Programs, 2010, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC. Accessed at
31:
963:
Global dimension and perspective necessary to "..address challenges that are inherently global as well as to lead innovation in a global economy."
1677:
National Academy of Engineering (NAE). (2004).The engineer of2020: Visions of engineering in the new century, National Academies, Washington, DC.
1019:
As a result of NAE's Grand Challenge efforts, three national engineering academies–The National Academy of Engineering of the United States, The
267:
1876:
Macfarlane, Daniel. "Caught between Two Fires." International Journal, vol. 67, no. 2, 2012, pp. 465-482, ProQuest Central; Research Library.
1968:
Olson, Steve. Grand Challenges for Engineering: Imperatives, Prospects, and Priorities: Summary of a Forum. National Academies Press, 2016.
2336:
2539:
2519:
2303:
William A. Wulf and George M.C. Fisher "A Makeover for Engineering Education" Issues in Science & Technology Spring 2002 p. 35-39.
988:
2524:
340:
as part of a $ 350,000 study commissioned by the Port Authority. The Port Authority accepted the recommendations of the NAE and NAS.
333:
160:
395:
Engineering research, practice, or education, including, where appropriate, significant contributions to the engineering literature.
311:
To advise the Congress and the executive branch... whenever called upon... on matters of national import pertinent to engineering...
999:
Technological Literacy Standards with the National Academy of Engineering's Grand Challenges in order to guide current and pending
983:
While the National Academy of Engineering's GC SCholars (GCSP) program was primarily focused on undergraduate level curriculums,
926:
as an example of a society being an engineered artifact but also with a community of philosophers of engineering and technology.
496:
376:
237:
was raised. Engineering societies responded to this crisis by offering technical services to the Federal government such as the
2023:
Mitcham, Carl. "The true grand challenge for engineering: Self-knowledge." Issues in Science and Technology 31.1 (2014): 19-22.
884:
1112:
To publicize the work of both the profession and the NAE, the institution puts considerable efforts into outreach activities.
1813:
431:
403:
215:
2471:
954:
materials inclusive of "..public policy, business, law, ethics, human behavior, risk as well as medicine and the sciences."
325:. In 1967, the NAE formed an aeronautics and space engineering board to advise NASA and other Federal agencies chaired by
2549:
573:
1594:
1454:
1566:
1538:
1510:
1128:
also active in "social media," both to reach new and younger audiences and to reach traditional audiences in new ways.
483:
457:
411:
360:
1650:
1622:
1482:
1344:
444:
353:
2174:
1894:
Petroski, Henry. "Great Achievements & Grand Challenges." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 80.2 (2010): 48-57.
1384:
1070:, explains what "technological literacy" is, why it is important, and what is being done in the U.S. to improve it.
2313:
2243:
2192:
2156:
2544:
1430:
1236:
509:
230:
379:
advocating for the reconstruction of the academic foundation of the professional practice of civil engineering.
1124:
collaboration with the Department of Homeland Security and the Radio and Television News Directors Foundation.
1024:
577:
364:
188:
1136:
The Academy awards several prizes, with each recipient receiving $ 500,000. The prizes include the Bernard M.
803:
359:
In 1989, the National Academy of Engineering in conjunction with the National Academy of Science advised the
218:
and although composed of both engineers and geologists resulted in a final report prepared by two geologists
75:
1957:
National Academy of Engineering, Annual Report for 2008, Washington, DC, Letter from President, Accessed at
1020:
799:
371:
156:
152:
2126:
2007:
KATSOULEAS, TOM. "LAST WORD: New Challenges, Same Education?." ASEE Prism 18.8 (2009): 60-60. Accessed at
2486:
2481:
2420:
1915:
1004:
992:
242:
1178:. Its purpose is to recognize leaders in academia for the development of new educational approaches to
1263:
1217:
951:
470:
314:
To cooperate with the National Academy of Sciences on matters involving both science and engineering...
2391:
343:
In 1975, the NAE added eighty-six new engineer members including noted civil engineer and businessman
967:
296:
1835:
1053:
As part of this effort the NAE has launched both the EngineerGirl! and Engineer Your Life webpages.
971:
948:
Research experience based upon a project or independent research related to a NAE Grand Challenges.
770:
349:
827:
263:
930:
requires 12,000 W per person. An estimate of a sustainable level of power consumption made by a
798:
social science and the humanities." The NAE's Grand Challenges overlap with the United Nations'
1011:
and NAE's Technology Education Standards Committee led the Academy's efforts on the standards.
1000:
869:
640:
522:
317:
To serve the nation... in connection with significant problems in engineering and technology...
238:
140:
307:
The stated objects and purposes of the newly created National Academy of Engineering were to:
895:
766:
326:
281:
234:
219:
2494:
1406:
1079:
private sector, and the public on ways to create a more environmentally sustainable future.
1941:
National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Annual Report for 2007, Washington, DC, Accessed at
1224:
1175:
858:
840:
684:
1200:
is an American national and international award established by the NAE in October 1999 in
8:
1228:
754:
601:
The ranked list of the top 20 achievements in the 20th century was published as follows:
407:
344:
223:
89:
2369:
1823:
874:
864:
750:
712:
548:
535:
255:
199:
46:
414:
with 130. The top ten institutions account for over 30% of all members ever elected.
2364:
2341:
2056:
1809:
1340:
1171:
1082:
997:
International Technology and Engineering Educators Association (ITEEA, formerly ITEA)
931:
879:
717:
187:
was created by an Act of Incorporation dated March 3, 1863, which was signed by then
172:
2008:
1801:
1798:
A Century of Innovation: Twenty Engineering Achievements that Transformed our Lives
957:
816:
782:
655:
596:
A Century of Innovation: Twenty Engineering Achievements that Transformed our Lives
93:
2491:
978:
1205:
889:
738:
732:
606:
406:
is associated with the most members, 199 or some 8% of the all-time total, while
289:
191:
2504:
1698:
822:
The 14 Grand Challenges for Engineering developed by the NAE committee were to:
1655:
1627:
1599:
1571:
1543:
1515:
1487:
1459:
846:
794:
689:
581:
246:
2513:
659:
2487:
National Academy of Engineering Grand Challenge Scholars Program Plan (2010)
1723:
1201:
1161:
1148:. They are sometimes referred to collectively as the American version of a
1145:
1137:
1095:
The Center is no longer active within the National Academy of Engineering.
834:
806:(SDGs) which all depend upon "a strong engineering component" for success.
774:
762:
746:
742:
707:
621:
388:
211:
2178:
1958:
1942:
1179:
1149:
923:
919:
852:
698:
626:
337:
207:
30:
This article is about the United States institution. For other uses, see
2442:
2247:
2196:
1741:
567:
270:
2859. Wilson's order declared the function of the NRC to be in general:
2472:
The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century (2004)
2160:
1191:
1141:
758:
669:
635:
611:
2477:
1927:
694:
650:
645:
295:
The Academy worked with the Engineers Joint Council led by President
2499:
1852:
1337:
The National Academy of Sciences: The First Hundred Years, 1863-1963
2134:
1805:
1411:. Washington, DC: National Academies. 1985. p. xiii. NAP:11820
674:
664:
616:
2496:, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy information
1083:
Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education
1567:"Academy of Engineers Says U.S. Should Welcome Foreign Investors"
1710:
402:
Since its founding, the Academy has elected 2,634 members. The
2261:
2101:
2089:
1360:
Research (Lancaster, Pennsylvania: New Era Printing Co., n.d.).
1254:
List of founding members of the National Academy of Engineering
979:
STEM education, Technological Literacy and the Grand Challenges
785:
while electronics manufacturing leaves heavy-metal byproducts.
1098:
1651:"Scientists and Engineers Need Broader Training, Report Says"
809:
703:
631:
1853:"Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century"
206:
The Academy was requested to investigate the great slide in
2218:
1008:
938:
27:
Engineering branch of the United States National Academies
1595:"The shuttle findings: harsh criticism and the reactions"
1249:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1232:
1044:
332:
In 1971, the National Academy of Engineering advised the
210:
late in 1913 which ultimately delayed the opening of the
149:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
144:
110:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1119:
In addition, NAE has held a series of workshops titled
765:. Another commentator noted that the list ignored the
2466:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1937:
1935:
1259:
List of members of the National Academy of Engineering
1056:
568:
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century
147:. The National Academy of Engineering is part of the
323:
Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
288:
post-World War I period, the presidency of engineer
245:
of 1916. On June 19 of that year, then US President
214:
by ten months. The study group, commissioned by the
1946:
1932:
1795:
788:
773:, built between 1954 and 1959 and by extension the
229:During this time, the United States confronted the
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1623:"U.S. plans to pick site for atom smasher in 1989"
1170:was started in 2001 by the NAE. It is named after
1073:
2505:ROBERT W. RUMMEL (1915–2009) obituary at NAE site
2334:
1014:
120:
2511:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
32:National Academy of Engineering (disambiguation)
1897:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1121:News and Terrorism: Communicating in a Crisis,
2530:United States National Academy of Engineering
1752:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1211:
18:Member of the National Academy of Engineering
2476:NAE Grand Challenges for Engineering report
1879:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
370:In 1995, the NAE along with the NAS and the
2012:
1996:
1796:Constable, George; Somerville, Bob (2003).
1436:
1099:Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society
1035:
900:Engineer the tools of scientific discovery.
2362:
2041:
2039:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1363:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
810:Development of the Grand Challenges (2008)
45:
2411:
2409:
1771:
1694:
1692:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
580:sponsored by the NAE, astronaut/engineer
367:(SSC) from a number of States proposals.
363:on a site location for the then proposed
334:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
2314:"GPS, dialysis inventors win top awards"
2048:
1208:to honor Fritz Russ, one of its alumni.
2535:1964 establishments in Washington, D.C.
2057:"ITEA Technological Literacy Standards"
2036:
1980:
1847:
1845:
1334:
939:Grand Challenge Scholars Program (GCSP)
410:is affiliated with 168 members and the
336:not to construct additional runways at
14:
2512:
2406:
2335:Laura A. Bischoff (January 31, 2001).
1689:
1275:
1045:Diversity in the Engineering Workplace
2435:
2384:
2356:
2328:
2306:
2287:"Engineering Innovation Radio Series"
2157:"Engineering, Economics, and Society"
1455:"ENGINEER COUNCIL TO JOIN SCIENTISTS"
585:combined into 29 larger categories.
425:
422:
404:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
387:Formally, members of the NAE must be
216:United States Army Corps of Engineers
2443:"Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize"
2316:. Chicago Tribune. February 19, 2003
2244:"Committee on Engineering Education"
2054:
1842:
1107:
1057:Engineering, Economics, and Society
24:
2394:. Ohio University. January 5, 2011
1713:, National Academy of Engineering.
1539:"ENGINEERS' GROUP ADDS 86 MEMBERS"
1198:Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize
412:University of California, Berkeley
25:
2561:
2540:Organizations established in 1964
2520:National academies of engineering
2500:Greatest Engineering Achievements
2460:
2392:"Leroy Hood wins 2011 Russ Prize"
2193:"Engineering and the Environment"
354:Space Shuttle Challenger Accident
2525:United States National Academies
2337:"First Russ Prize to be Awarded"
789:Grand Challenges for Engineering
562:
2363:Rex Graham (January 11, 2007).
2297:
2279:
2254:
2236:
2211:
2185:
2167:
2149:
2119:
2094:
2083:
2074:
2061:National Academy of Engineering
2026:
1971:
1962:
1920:
1870:
1857:National Academy of Engineering
1789:
1734:
1728:National Academy of Engineering
1716:
1704:
1680:
1671:
1643:
1615:
1587:
1559:
1531:
1511:"PORT AUTHORITY DROPS BAY PLAN"
1155:
1074:Engineering and the Environment
1023:of the United Kingdom, and the
730:American history." (NAE, 2000)
133:National Academy of Engineering
40:National Academy of Engineering
2482:(2017 Update of 2008 document)
1503:
1475:
1424:
1399:
1377:
1353:
1140:, the Fritz J. and Dolores H.
1025:Chinese Academy of Engineering
1015:Global Grand Challenges Summit
908:
793:The Grand Challenges confront
365:Superconducting Super Collider
189:President of the United States
13:
1:
1269:
1235:professor and founder of the
1185:
804:Sustainable Development Goals
622:Water Supply and Distribution
382:
145:non-governmental organization
1021:Royal Academy of Engineering
952:Interdisciplinary curriculum
802:and its 2015 successor, the
800:Millennium Development Goals
724:
578:National Engineers Week 2000
555:
552:
547:
542:
539:
534:
529:
526:
521:
516:
513:
508:
503:
500:
495:
490:
487:
482:
477:
474:
469:
464:
461:
456:
451:
448:
443:
438:
435:
430:
372:National Academy of Medicine
231:prospect of war with Germany
185:National Academy of Sciences
157:National Academy of Medicine
153:National Academy of Sciences
7:
2365:"Y.C. Fung Wins Russ Prize"
1242:
1005:National Science Foundation
345:Stephen Davison Bechtel Jr.
243:Council of National Defense
59:; 60 years ago
10:
2566:
2550:20th century in technology
2417:"Gordon Prize information"
1746:Carnegie Mellon University
1335:Rexmond, Cochrane (1978).
1264:List of engineering awards
1218:Charles Stark Draper Prize
1215:
1212:Charles Stark Draper Prize
1189:
1159:
875:Reverse-engineer the brain
718:High-performance Materials
699:Petrochemical Technologies
641:Agricultural Mechanization
178:
163:(now the program units of
29:
1483:"Unit Formed to Aid NASA"
1339:. NAP. pp. 209–211.
1131:
968:Engineers Without Borders
870:Engineer better medicines
161:National Research Council
115:
103:
81:
71:
53:
44:
2091:Frontiers of Engineering
1144:, and the Charles Stark
1036:Frontiers of Engineering
972:Engineering World Health
235:question of preparedness
1172:Bernard Marshall Gordon
1168:Bernard M. Gordon Prize
1029:Global Grand Challenges
890:Enhance virtual reality
350:Presidential Commission
264:Robert Simpson Woodward
2545:History of engineering
2250:on September 20, 2008.
2175:"Technically Speaking"
1001:curriculum development
880:Prevent nuclear terror
239:Naval Consulting Board
896:personalized learning
327:Horton Guyford Stever
282:Augustus Braun Kinzel
220:Charles Whitman Cross
2467:Official NAE website
2266:www.onlineethics.org
1917:on November 3, 2017.
1176:Analogic Corporation
1068:Technically Speaking
993:theories of learning
859:urban infrastructure
857:Restore and Improve
841:carbon sequestration
833:Provide energy from
795:wicked social issues
713:Nuclear Technologies
685:Household Appliances
572:In February 2000, a
423:Members (1969–2022)
420:Top 10 Institutions
361:Department of Energy
2423:on December 7, 2006
2293:on October 6, 2010.
2137:on February 1, 2013
1929:on November 3, 2017
1431:William Henry Welch
1229:inertial navigation
1027:–organized a joint
767:St. Lawrence seaway
755:William B. Shockley
690:Health Technologies
574:National Press Club
408:Stanford University
224:Harry Fielding Reid
105:Parent organization
90:Constitution Avenue
41:
2370:Medical News Today
2181:on March 12, 2009.
2163:on March 24, 2009.
1724:"Member Directory"
1385:"Executive Orders"
1088:the 21st century.
865:health informatics
851:Provide access to
751:Walter H. Brattain
297:Eric Arthur Walker
256:Henry Larcom Abbot
200:George Ellery Hale
39:
2342:Dayton Daily News
1815:978-0-309-08908-1
1699:Becoming a Member
1387:. August 15, 2016
1237:Draper Laboratory
1227:, the "father of
1225:Charles S. Draper
1174:, the founder of
1152:for engineering.
885:Secure cyberspace
560:
559:
173:original research
151:, along with the
139:) is an American
129:
128:
16:(Redirected from
2557:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2419:. Archived from
2413:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2289:. Archived from
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:. Archived from
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2199:on June 10, 2011
2195:. Archived from
2189:
2183:
2182:
2177:. Archived from
2171:
2165:
2164:
2159:. Archived from
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2133:. Archived from
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2098:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2055:Pearson., Greg.
2052:
2046:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2010:
2005:
1994:
1991:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1944:
1939:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1895:
1892:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1769:
1765:
1750:
1749:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1451:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1332:
1108:Outreach efforts
958:Entrepreneurship
783:greenhouse gases
656:Air Conditioning
576:luncheon during
417:
416:
241:of 1915 and the
125:
122:
94:Washington, D.C.
67:
65:
60:
49:
42:
38:
21:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2510:
2509:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2013:
2006:
1997:
1992:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1898:
1893:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1772:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1333:
1276:
1272:
1245:
1220:
1214:
1206:Ohio University
1194:
1188:
1164:
1158:
1134:
1110:
1101:
1085:
1076:
1059:
1047:
1038:
1017:
981:
941:
911:
821:
812:
791:
739:Michael Faraday
727:
722:
607:Electrification
570:
565:
426:Living Members
385:
290:Frank B. Jewett
268:Executive Order
192:Abraham Lincoln
181:
119:
106:
99:
63:
61:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2563:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2461:External links
2459:
2457:
2456:
2434:
2405:
2383:
2355:
2327:
2305:
2296:
2278:
2253:
2235:
2210:
2184:
2166:
2148:
2118:
2093:
2082:
2073:
2047:
2035:
2025:
2011:
1995:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1945:
1931:
1919:
1896:
1878:
1869:
1841:
1814:
1806:10.17226/10726
1788:
1770:
1751:
1733:
1715:
1703:
1701:, NAE website.
1688:
1679:
1670:
1656:New York Times
1642:
1628:New York Times
1614:
1600:New York Times
1586:
1572:New York Times
1558:
1544:New York Times
1530:
1516:New York Times
1502:
1488:New York Times
1474:
1460:New York Times
1435:
1423:
1398:
1376:
1362:
1352:
1345:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1216:Main article:
1213:
1210:
1190:Main article:
1187:
1184:
1160:Main article:
1157:
1154:
1133:
1130:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1058:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1016:
1013:
989:K–12 education
980:
977:
976:
975:
964:
961:
955:
949:
940:
937:
910:
907:
902:
901:
898:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
855:
849:
847:nitrogen cycle
843:
837:
831:
811:
808:
790:
787:
726:
723:
721:
720:
715:
710:
701:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
653:
648:
643:
638:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
603:
591:
590:
582:Neil Armstrong
569:
566:
564:
561:
558:
557:
554:
551:
545:
544:
541:
538:
532:
531:
528:
525:
519:
518:
515:
512:
506:
505:
502:
499:
493:
492:
489:
486:
480:
479:
476:
473:
467:
466:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
447:
441:
440:
437:
434:
428:
427:
424:
421:
400:
399:
396:
384:
381:
319:
318:
315:
312:
278:
277:
247:Woodrow Wilson
180:
177:
127:
126:
117:
113:
112:
107:
104:
101:
100:
98:
97:
85:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2562:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:(2008 Report)
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2444:
2438:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2393:
2387:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2315:
2309:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2271:September 27,
2267:
2263:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2228:September 27,
2224:
2220:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2141:September 27,
2136:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2111:September 27,
2107:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1873:
1862:September 26,
1858:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1825:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1683:
1674:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1391:September 27,
1386:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1348:
1346:0-309-02518-4
1342:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
973:
969:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
946:
945:
936:
933:
927:
925:
921:
915:
906:
899:
897:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
862:
860:
856:
854:
850:
848:
844:
842:
838:
836:
832:
829:
825:
824:
823:
818:
817:William Perry
807:
805:
801:
796:
786:
784:
778:
776:
772:
771:power project
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
734:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
705:
702:
700:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
660:Refrigeration
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
602:
599:
597:
588:
587:
586:
583:
579:
575:
563:Program areas
550:
546:
537:
533:
524:
520:
511:
507:
498:
494:
485:
481:
472:
468:
459:
455:
446:
442:
433:
429:
419:
418:
415:
413:
409:
405:
397:
394:
393:
392:
390:
389:U.S. citizens
380:
378:
373:
368:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
346:
341:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
316:
313:
310:
309:
308:
305:
301:
298:
293:
291:
285:
283:
276:
273:
272:
271:
269:
265:
259:
257:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
201:
196:
193:
190:
186:
176:
174:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
124:
118:
114:
111:
108:
102:
95:
91:
87:
86:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
2449:December 28,
2447:. Retrieved
2437:
2427:December 12,
2425:. Retrieved
2421:the original
2396:. Retrieved
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2368:
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2340:
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2308:
2299:
2291:the original
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:
2262:"OEC - Home"
2256:
2248:the original
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2222:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2197:the original
2187:
2179:the original
2169:
2161:the original
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:the original
2131:EngineerGirl
2130:
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2106:EngineerGirl
2105:
2096:
2085:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:
2050:
2028:
1973:
1964:
1922:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:
1797:
1791:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1706:
1682:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1654:
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1626:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1570:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1542:
1533:
1521:. Retrieved
1514:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1458:
1426:
1413:. Retrieved
1407:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1379:
1355:
1336:
1221:
1197:
1195:
1167:
1165:
1162:Gordon Prize
1156:Gordon Prize
1146:Draper Prize
1138:Gordon Prize
1135:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1028:
1018:
982:
942:
928:
916:
912:
903:
828:solar energy
813:
792:
779:
775:Panama Canal
763:Robert Noyce
747:John Bardeen
743:Joseph Henry
731:
728:
708:Fiber Optics
600:
595:
592:
571:
510:Georgia Tech
401:
386:
369:
358:
342:
331:
320:
306:
302:
294:
286:
279:
274:
260:
252:
228:
212:Panama Canal
205:
197:
182:
169:
136:
132:
130:
96:, U.S. 20418
36:
2398:January 11,
2376:January 11,
2348:January 11,
2320:January 11,
2223:NAE Website
2066:November 3,
1832:|work=
1663:November 2,
1635:November 2,
1607:November 2,
1579:November 2,
1551:November 2,
1523:November 2,
1495:November 2,
1467:November 2,
1180:engineering
1150:Nobel Prize
987:focuses on
932:Swiss group
924:Delta Works
920:Netherlands
853:clean water
845:Manage the
627:Electronics
338:JFK airport
208:Culebra Cut
155:(NAS), the
2514:Categories
2127:"Homepage"
2102:"Homepage"
1270:References
1192:Russ Prize
1186:Russ Prize
1142:Russ Prize
830:economical
759:Jack Kilby
670:Spacecraft
636:Television
612:Automobile
383:Membership
159:, and the
1834:ignored (
1824:cite book
1711:About NAE
1415:March 22,
922:with its
909:Reception
725:Reception
695:Petroleum
651:Telephone
646:Computers
280:In 1960,
198:In 1913,
141:nonprofit
54:Formation
2203:April 1,
1768:Central,
1742:"Awards"
1243:See also
894:Advance
863:Advance
839:Develop
675:Internet
665:Highways
617:Airplane
523:Michigan
458:Berkeley
445:Stanford
377:a policy
233:and the
82:Location
2219:"CASEE"
680:Imaging
549:Harvard
536:Cornell
484:Caltech
352:on the
262:Board,
179:History
116:Website
62: (
1812:
1659:. 1995
1631:. 1989
1603:. 1986
1575:. 1990
1547:. 1975
1519:. 1971
1491:. 1967
1463:. 1963
1343:
1231:", an
1202:Athens
1132:Prizes
835:fusion
2445:. NAE
2033:1991.
970:, or
826:Make
737:such
704:Laser
632:Radio
165:NASEM
88:2101
2493:and
2451:2010
2429:2006
2400:2011
2378:2011
2350:2011
2322:2011
2273:2018
2230:2018
2205:2009
2143:2018
2113:2018
2068:2017
1864:2010
1836:help
1810:ISBN
1665:2017
1637:2017
1609:2017
1581:2017
1553:2017
1525:2017
1497:2017
1469:2017
1433:NAS.
1417:2014
1393:2018
1341:ISBN
1196:The
1166:The
1009:NASA
1007:and
995:and
985:STEM
769:and
761:and
741:and
733:Time
706:and
697:and
658:and
634:and
497:UIUC
462:130
452:109
449:163
439:111
436:199
222:and
183:The
131:The
123:.edu
92:NW,
72:Type
64:1964
57:1964
1802:doi
1233:MIT
556:31
553:39
543:27
540:39
530:31
527:45
517:35
514:46
504:21
501:48
491:34
488:58
478:49
475:71
471:CMU
465:79
432:MIT
167:).
137:NAE
121:nae
76:NGO
2516::
2480:,
2408:^
2367:.
2339:.
2264:.
2221:.
2129:.
2104:.
2059:.
2038:^
2014:^
1998:^
1982:^
1948:^
1934:^
1899:^
1881:^
1855:.
1844:^
1828::
1826:}}
1822:{{
1808:.
1800:.
1773:^
1754:^
1744:.
1726:.
1691:^
1653:.
1625:.
1597:.
1569:.
1541:.
1513:.
1485:.
1457:.
1438:^
1365:^
1277:^
1239:.
757:,
753:,
749:,
598:.
356:.
329:.
143:,
2453:.
2431:.
2402:.
2380:.
2352:.
2324:.
2275:.
2232:.
2207:.
2145:.
2115:.
2070:.
1866:.
1838:)
1818:.
1804::
1748:.
1730:.
1667:.
1639:.
1611:.
1583:.
1555:.
1527:.
1499:.
1471:.
1421:.
1419:.
1395:.
1349:.
974:.
135:(
66:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
