43:
203:
316:
217:
767:
counter-effectiveness of the laws, which can actually undermine, rather than improve public safety by exacerbating factors (e.g. unemployment, instability) that may lead to recidivism. In addition, civil rights and reformist organizations highlight the adverse collateral effects on the family members of registrants, and question the fairness of the registries as indefinite punishment, and when applied to certain offender groups, such as juveniles and young adults engaging in consensual acts. Some victims' rights advocates like
809:
626:
living across the street from Megan, her parents
Richard and Maureen Kanka worked to change the law by demanding mandatory community notification of sex offenders, arguing that the registration required under the Jacob Wetterling Act was not a sufficient protection measure. They said that Megan would
601:
of 1994 required each state to create a registry for sexual offenders and certain other offenses against children. Under the
Wetterling Act, registry information was kept for law enforcement use only, although law enforcement agencies were allowed to release the information of specific persons when
584:
for law enforcement, and community notification for the public. The details of what is provided as part of sex offender registration and how community notification is handled vary from state to state, and in some states the required registration information and community notification protocols have
699:
States differ with respect to public disclosure of offenders. In some states all sex offenders are subject to public notification through Megan's Law websites. However, in others, only information on high-risk offenders is publicly available, and the complete lists are withheld for law enforcement
686:
on
February 8, 2016. International Megan's Law requires the notification of foreign governments when a citizen of United States registered as a sex offender for sexual offense involving a minor is going to be traveling to their country. The law requires a visual "unique identifier" to be placed on
707:
registrants may be excluded from public disclosure, with exemption of those convicted of "specified offense against a minor." Since SORNA merely sets the minimum standards the states must follow, many SORNA compliant states disclose information of all tiers. These disparities have prompted some
766:
criticize the lack of evidence of the laws' effectiveness, the automatic inclusion of offenders on the registry without determining the risk of reoffense (by applying scientifically validated risk assessment tools), the scientifically unsupported popular belief in high recidivism, and the
576:
At the federal level, Megan's Law requires persons convicted of sex crimes against children to notify local law enforcement of any change of address or employment after release from custody (prison or psychiatric facility). The notification requirement may be imposed for a fixed period of
556:
Individual states decide what information will be made available and how it should be disseminated. For example, they disseminate the information via social media platforms such as
Facebook. Commonly included information is the offender's name, picture, address,
489:
577:
time—usually at least ten years—or permanently. Some states may legislate registration for all sex crimes, even if no minors were involved. It is a felony in most jurisdictions to fail to register or fail to update information.
532:
of 1994, which merely required sex offenders to register with local law enforcement. Since only a few states required registration prior to Megan's death, the state-level legislation to bring states in compliance—with both the
529:
229:
668:, that set the guidelines for the state statutes, requiring states to notify the public, although officials could decide how much public notification is necessary, based on the level of danger posed by an offender.
1438:
1469:
360:
252:
53:
To amend the
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 to require the release of relevant information to protect the public from sexually violent offenders.
496:
1655:
320:
1260:
Vasquez, B. E.; Maddan, S.; Walker, J. T. (October 26, 2007). "The
Influence of Sex Offender Registration and Notification Laws in the United States: A Time-Series Analysis".
589:
supplements Megan's Law with new registration requirements and a three-tier system for classifying sex offenders according to certain listed offenses requiring registration.
740:' SMART Office, sex offender registration and notification requirements arguably have been implemented in the absence of empirical evidence regarding their effectiveness.
1792:
1686:
1818:
1766:
1446:
541:
required by federal Megan's Law—were crafted simultaneously and are often referred to as "Megan's Laws" of individual states. Thus, the federal Megan's Law refers to
468:
682:
International Megan's Law to
Prevent Child Exploitation and Other Sexual Crimes Through Advanced Notification of Traveling Sex Offenders was signed into a law by
649:
moving into a neighborhood to be made public. Before Megan's death, only five states required sex offenders to register with local law enforcement as required in
2020:
748:
691:
of covered registrants and requires offenders to notify law enforcement 21 days before traveling abroad. The law was challenged shortly after being enacted.
482:
454:
186:
1477:
1500:
1209:
1155:
1090:
1004:
1047:
763:
717:
701:
342:
1526:
1971:
615:
447:
29:
1663:
968:
2025:
586:
245:
22:
387:
1902:
Levenson, Jill S.; D'Amora, David A.; Hern, Andrea L. (2007). "Megan's law and its impact on community re-entry for sex offenders".
2000:
1828:
1694:
1834:
939:
1590:
1379:
DUWE, GRANT; DONNAY, WILLIAM (May 2008). "The Impact of Megan's Law on Sex
Offender Recidivism: The Minnesota Experience".
1073:"S.1867 - International Megan's Law to Prevent Child Exploitation Through Advanced Notification of Traveling Sex Offenders"
1295:
Zevitz, Richard G. (June 2006). "Sex
Offender Community Notification: Its Role in Recidivism and Offender Reintegration".
1028:
817:
657:
1331:
2010:
728:
following the implementation of sex offender registration and notification (SORN) regimes. A few studies indicate that
1602:
902:
1709:
656:
The New Jersey law became model for federal legislation, introduced in the House of
Representatives by Congressman
276:
144:
986:
298:
918:
969:"Parents of little girl who inspired Megan's Law recall brutal rape, murder of their daughter 20 years later"
2015:
1163:
677:
62:
844:
632:
1190:
859:
832:
737:
77:
1860:
Levenson, Jill S.; Cotter, Leo P. (2005). "The Effect of Megan's Law on Sex Offender Reintegration".
1580:
Raised on the Registry: The Irreparable Harm of Placing Children on Sex Offender Registries in the US
1072:
732:
may have been lowered by SORN policies, while a few have found statistically significant increase in
721:
645:
640:
1348:
1229:
394:
841:
1420:
1343:
1224:
744:
461:
125:
1628:
1407:"Sex offender sentencing in Washington State: Has community notification reduced recidivism?"
780:
611:
581:
525:
202:
42:
665:
650:
598:
1985:
545:(making registry information public), whereas state-level "Megan's Law" may refer to both
315:
8:
1579:
291:
1890:
1197:. Office of Justice Programs - Sex Offender Management and Planning Initiative (SOMAPI).
1948:
1877:
1740:
1582:
1558:
1361:
1312:
1277:
1242:
1194:
752:
619:
530:
Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act
105:
729:
2005:
1952:
1919:
1881:
1824:
1586:
1439:"Missouri Sex Offenders: "Women Against Registry" Says Labels Unfairly Destroy Lives"
1392:
1316:
1246:
924:. One Hundred Third Congress of the United States of America. 1995. pp. 246–247.
898:
580:
Together, the Wetterling Act and Megan's Law provide two major information services:
216:
1889:
Zgoba, Kristen; Dalessandro, Melissa; Veysey, Bonita; Witt, Philip (December 2008),
1281:
1940:
1911:
1888:
1869:
1388:
1365:
1353:
1304:
1269:
1234:
785:
768:
725:
561:
date, and offense of conviction. The information is often displayed on free public
269:
1931:
Welchans, Sarah (2005). "Megan's Law: Evaluations of Sexual Offender Registries".
813:
892:
683:
517:
415:
1133:
1554:
1009:
795:
790:
1332:"Do Sex Offender Registration and Notification Laws Affect Criminal Behavior?"
1308:
1238:
1994:
1975:
1944:
1873:
1273:
1048:"House prepares for rare votes on standalone bills to curb human trafficking"
558:
520:
authorities to make information available to the public regarding registered
516:(and informal name for subsequent state laws) in the United States requiring
429:
422:
1901:
1923:
661:
622:, a sex offender with two previous convictions of sex crimes against small
521:
401:
335:
170:
1717:
1406:
628:
513:
140:
1603:"The Registration and Community Notification of Adult Sexual Offenders"
1091:"Civil Rights Group Opposes Law Identifying Sex Offenders On Passports"
636:
627:
still be alive had they known of the criminal history of Timmendequas.
148:
756:
733:
566:
1915:
1470:"Group calls for moratorium on sex offender registry after killings"
1357:
1111:
688:
570:
1527:"Restricted Group Speaks Up, Saying Sex Crime Measures Go Too Far"
1005:"Statement by the Press Secretary on H.R. 515, H.R. 4188, S. 2152"
562:
1635:. Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers. April 5, 2010
1609:. Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers. April 5, 2010
1210:"Collateral Damage: Family Members of Registered Sex Offenders"
897:(Second ed.). Springer Publishing Co Inc. pp. 50–65.
720:
is limited and mixed. Majority of research results do not find
631:
sponsored a package of seven bills known as Megan's Law in the
607:
602:
deemed necessary to protect the public. After the high-profile
1501:"National conference aims to soften, reform sex offender laws"
1409:. Washington State Institute for Public Policy. December 2005.
1136:. Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending
623:
92:
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
1288:
1823:. New York: Springer Publishing Company. pp. 101–116.
1014:
643:, with a database tracked by the state, and whereabouts of
603:
1966:
1892:
Megan's Law: Assessing the Practical and Monetary Efficacy
1189:
1986:
Politics and Irrelevance: Community Notification Statutes
528:. Federal Megan's Law was enacted as a subsection of the
469:
Movement to reform sex offender laws in the United States
894:
Sex offender laws : failed policies, new directions
708:
registrants to move into states with less strict rules.
1208:
Levenson, Jill; Tewksbury, Richard (January 15, 2009).
919:"Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994"
1859:
1421:"Studies question effectiveness of sex offender laws"
826:
755:, have called the law overbroad and an invitation to
749:
National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws
585:
changed many times since Megan's Law was passed. The
455:
National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws
1323:
1330:Prescott, J.J.; Rockoff, Jonah E. (February 2011).
1259:
361:
Effectiveness of sex offender registration policies
1820:Sex Offender Laws: Failed Policies, New Directions
1185:
1183:
1181:
833:
1710:"Patty Wetterling: The harm in sex-offender laws"
1207:
1201:
1992:
1741:"Sex offender laws have unintended consequences"
736:following SORN implementation. According to the
664:signed federal Megan's Law, an amendment to the
1329:
1195:"Chapter 8: Sex Offender Management Strategies"
1178:
1039:
718:effectiveness of public sex offender registries
1687:"Patty Wetterling questions sex offender laws"
1555:"No Easy Answers: Sex Offender Laws in the US"
343:Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. Doe
232:and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act
490:
2021:Sex offender registries in the United States
1967:Megan's Law official Web site for California
1079:. 114th Congress (2015-2016). July 27, 2015.
671:
616:Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey
448:Alliance for Constitutional Sex Offense Laws
321:Constitutionality of sex offender registries
30:Sex offender registries in the United States
854:
852:
635:in 1994. 89 days after Megan was murdered,
253:International Megan's Law to Prevent Demand
1707:
1701:
1399:
1378:
940:"Trenton Races To Pass Bills On Sex Abuse"
587:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
497:
483:
246:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
163:on May 9, 1996 (unanimous voice vote)
157:on May 7, 1996 (unanimous voice vote)
23:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
1738:
1372:
1347:
1253:
1228:
388:Julia Tuttle Causeway sex offender colony
1930:
1862:Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
1708:Wetterling, Patty (September 14, 2007).
1629:"Sexual Offender Residence Restrictions"
1106:
1104:
938:McLarin, Kimberly j. (August 30, 1994).
886:
884:
882:
880:
849:
537:requirement of Jacob Wetterling Act and
230:Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children
28:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1764:
1656:"We can do better on sex offender laws"
1549:
1547:
1498:
1114:. Klaas Kids Foundation. April 14, 2014
1029:"Obama signs International Megan's Law"
966:
937:
524:. Laws were created in response to the
1993:
1816:
1684:
1524:
1294:
962:
960:
890:
694:
409:Controversial designations as offender
1790:
1767:"Sex Offender Laws Have Gone Too Far"
1758:
1595:
1101:
1045:
987:"Clinton Signs Tougher "Megan's Law""
933:
931:
877:
1653:
1573:
1544:
1467:
1217:American Journal of Criminal Justice
639:enacted Megan's Law, which required
1972:Megan's Law ineffective, study says
1791:Sethi, Chanakya (August 15, 2014).
1685:Bleyer, Jennifer (March 20, 2013).
1499:Zakalik, Lauren (August 29, 2012).
1162:. February 14, 2013. Archived from
957:
818:United States Department of Justice
13:
1853:
1817:Wright, Richard (March 16, 2009).
1413:
928:
838:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
816:from websites or documents of the
573:, or through various other means.
14:
2037:
2026:Vigilantism against sex offenders
1960:
1904:Behavioral Sciences & the Law
1765:Mellema, Matt (August 11, 2014).
771:have presented similar critique.
1739:Gunderson, Dan (June 18, 2007).
1393:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00114.x
1156:"Portland: Sex offender magnet?"
891:Wright, Ph.D Richard G. (2014).
812: This article incorporates
807:
762:Treatment professionals such as
597:Before Megan's Law, the federal
314:
277:California Proposition 83 (2006)
215:
201:
41:
1810:
1784:
1732:
1678:
1647:
1621:
1525:Lovett, Ian (October 1, 2013).
1518:
1492:
1461:
1431:
1148:
1126:
1083:
1065:
1013:. February 8, 2016 – via
967:Shapiro, Rich (July 27, 2014).
743:Opponents of Megan's Law, like
462:Women Against Registry - W.A.R.
2001:State law in the United States
1933:Criminal Justice Policy Review
1021:
997:
979:
911:
299:Sexually violent predator laws
1:
1654:Blow, Steve (July 17, 2014).
1046:Moody, Chris (May 20, 2014).
801:
660:. On May 17, 1996, President
1474:South Carolina Radio Network
1468:Long, Matt (July 29, 2013).
1336:Journal of Law and Economics
711:
139:in the House as H.R.2137 by
63:104th United States Congress
7:
1134:"Registry Requirement FAQs"
774:
633:New Jersey General Assembly
10:
2042:
1191:Office of Justice Programs
738:Office of Justice Programs
675:
592:
565:, but can be published in
27:
20:
2011:Sex offender registration
1309:10.1080/14786010600764567
1239:10.1007/s12103-008-9055-x
722:statistically significant
678:International Megan's Law
672:International Megan's Law
641:sex offender registration
547:sex offender registration
255:for Child Sex Trafficking
132:
123:
115:
104:
96:
88:
83:
73:
68:
57:
49:
40:
18:United States federal law
1945:10.1177/0887403404265630
1874:10.1177/1043986204271676
1793:"Reforming the Registry"
1297:Criminal Justice Studies
1274:10.1177/0011128707311641
724:shift in sexual offense
716:Evidence to support the
185:This article is part of
21:Not to be confused with
1980:Inquirer Trenton Bureau
1660:The Dallas Morning News
1262:Crime & Delinquency
646:high-risk sex offenders
329:Supreme Court decisions
194:Sex offender registries
116:U.S.C. sections amended
1112:"Megan's Law by State"
814:public domain material
745:Women Against Registry
551:community notification
543:community notification
539:community notification
1697:on November 13, 2014.
781:Sex offender registry
582:sex offender registry
526:murder of Megan Kanka
1561:. September 11, 2007
1480:on December 16, 2014
993:. CNN. May 17, 1996.
860:"Public Law 104-145"
700:only. Under federal
666:Jacob Wetterling Act
651:Jacob Wetterling Act
599:Jacob Wetterling Act
363:in the United States
323:in the United States
196:in the United States
2016:New Jersey statutes
1982:, February 7, 2009)
1166:on January 26, 2016
1097:. February 9, 2016.
1035:. February 8, 2016.
973:New York Daily News
695:Public notification
292:PROTECT Act of 2003
126:Legislative history
37:
1830:978--0-8261-1109-8
1583:Human Rights Watch
1559:Human Rights Watch
1531:The New York Times
1427:. August 30, 2011.
944:The New York Times
753:Human Rights Watch
620:Jesse Timmendequas
610:of seven-year-old
512:is the name for a
151:) on July 27, 1995
35:
1015:National Archives
730:sexual recidivism
569:, distributed in
507:
506:
311:Constitutionality
180:
179:
161:Passed the Senate
2033:
1956:
1927:
1898:
1897:
1885:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:on July 10, 2015
1833:. Archived from
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1716:. Archived from
1705:
1699:
1698:
1693:. Archived from
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1662:. Archived from
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1599:
1593:
1591:978-1-62313-0084
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1476:. Archived from
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1449:on June 25, 2016
1445:. Archived from
1435:
1429:
1428:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1351:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1232:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1160:Portland Tribune
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1001:
995:
994:
983:
977:
976:
964:
955:
954:
952:
950:
935:
926:
925:
923:
915:
909:
908:
888:
875:
874:
872:
870:
865:. 104th Congress
864:
856:
847:
839:
835:
830:
811:
810:
769:Patty Wetterling
499:
492:
485:
318:
219:
205:
182:
181:
155:Passed the House
128:
108:sections created
45:
38:
34:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2030:
1991:
1990:
1963:
1916:10.1002/bsl.770
1895:
1856:
1854:Further reading
1851:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1831:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1720:on May 14, 2013
1706:
1702:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1666:on July 3, 2016
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1377:
1373:
1349:10.1.1.363.1170
1328:
1324:
1293:
1289:
1258:
1254:
1230:10.1.1.615.3651
1212:
1206:
1202:
1188:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1095:CBS SF Bay Area
1089:
1088:
1084:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1044:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1003:
1002:
998:
985:
984:
980:
965:
958:
948:
946:
936:
929:
921:
917:
916:
912:
905:
889:
878:
868:
866:
862:
858:
857:
850:
837:
831:
827:
808:
804:
777:
714:
697:
684:President Obama
680:
674:
595:
518:law enforcement
503:
474:
473:
443:
442:Reform activism
435:
434:
416:Genarlow Wilson
395:Miracle Village
376:
368:
367:
362:
356:
348:
347:
322:
312:
304:
303:
281:
259:
254:
231:
213:
195:
176:
173:on May 17, 1996
167:Signed into law
124:
119:§ 14071 et seq.
58:Enacted by
33:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1969:
1962:
1961:External links
1959:
1958:
1957:
1939:(2): 123–140.
1928:
1910:(4): 587–602.
1899:
1886:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1829:
1809:
1783:
1757:
1731:
1714:Sacramento Bee
1700:
1691:CityPages News
1677:
1646:
1620:
1594:
1572:
1543:
1517:
1491:
1460:
1430:
1412:
1398:
1387:(2): 411–446.
1371:
1358:10.1086/658485
1342:(1): 161–206.
1322:
1303:(2): 193–208.
1287:
1268:(2): 175–192.
1252:
1223:(1–2): 54–68.
1200:
1177:
1147:
1125:
1100:
1082:
1064:
1038:
1020:
1010:whitehouse.gov
996:
978:
956:
927:
910:
903:
876:
848:
842:104–145 (text)
824:
823:
822:
821:
803:
800:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
776:
773:
713:
710:
696:
693:
676:Main article:
673:
670:
594:
591:
505:
504:
502:
501:
494:
487:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
465:
464:
458:
457:
451:
450:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
432:
426:
425:
419:
418:
412:
411:
405:
404:
398:
397:
391:
390:
384:
383:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
339:
338:
332:
331:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
295:
294:
288:
287:
280:
279:
273:
272:
266:
265:
258:
257:
249:
248:
242:
241:
235:
234:
226:
225:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
198:
197:
191:
190:
178:
177:
175:
174:
164:
158:
152:
133:
130:
129:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
109:
102:
101:
98:
97:Titles amended
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
78:Pub.L. 104-145
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2038:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1976:Andrew Vachss
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1813:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1453:September 24,
1448:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1426:
1425:Science Daily
1422:
1416:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1135:
1129:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1000:
992:
988:
982:
974:
970:
963:
961:
945:
941:
934:
932:
920:
914:
906:
904:9780826196712
900:
896:
895:
887:
885:
883:
881:
869:September 30,
861:
855:
853:
846:
843:
836:
829:
825:
819:
815:
806:
805:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
786:Jessica's Law
784:
782:
779:
778:
772:
770:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
709:
706:
703:
692:
690:
685:
679:
669:
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
590:
588:
583:
578:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:incarceration
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
527:
523:
522:sex offenders
519:
515:
511:
500:
495:
493:
488:
486:
481:
480:
478:
477:
470:
467:
466:
463:
460:
459:
456:
453:
452:
449:
446:
445:
439:
438:
431:
430:Kevin Gillson
428:
427:
424:
423:Janet Allison
421:
420:
417:
414:
413:
410:
407:
406:
403:
400:
399:
396:
393:
392:
389:
386:
385:
382:
379:
378:
375:Social issues
372:
371:
364:
359:
358:
355:Effectiveness
352:
351:
344:
341:
340:
337:
334:
333:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
317:
308:
307:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
289:
286:
283:
282:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:Jessica's Law
268:
267:
264:
261:
260:
256:
251:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
236:
233:
228:
227:
224:
221:
220:
218:
209:
208:
204:
200:
199:
193:
192:
188:
184:
183:
172:
169:by President
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
127:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
79:
76:
72:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
31:
24:
16:
1979:
1936:
1932:
1907:
1903:
1891:
1868:(1): 49–66.
1865:
1861:
1841:November 16,
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1819:
1812:
1802:November 16,
1800:. Retrieved
1796:
1786:
1776:November 16,
1774:. Retrieved
1770:
1760:
1750:November 16,
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:the original
1713:
1703:
1695:the original
1690:
1680:
1670:November 14,
1668:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1659:
1649:
1639:November 14,
1637:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1613:November 14,
1611:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1575:
1565:February 21,
1563:. Retrieved
1536:November 14,
1534:. Retrieved
1530:
1520:
1510:November 14,
1508:. Retrieved
1504:
1494:
1484:December 10,
1482:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1473:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:the original
1442:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1401:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1220:
1216:
1203:
1170:February 25,
1168:. Retrieved
1164:the original
1159:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1094:
1085:
1077:Congress.gov
1076:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1008:
999:
991:All Politics
990:
981:
972:
949:September 9,
947:. Retrieved
943:
913:
893:
867:. Retrieved
828:
761:
742:
715:
704:
698:
681:
662:Bill Clinton
655:
644:
596:
579:
575:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:registration
534:
509:
508:
408:
402:Pervert Park
381:Homelessness
380:
336:Smith v. Doe
328:
319:
284:
262:
238:
222:
171:Bill Clinton
166:
160:
154:
136:
111:§ 13701 note
89:Acts amended
84:Codification
15:
1724:December 4,
1381:Criminology
1140:December 4,
1052:Yahoo! News
796:Clare's Law
791:Sarah's Law
658:Dick Zimmer
629:Paul Kramer
612:Megan Kanka
514:federal law
510:Megan's Law
239:Megan's Law
212:Legislation
141:Dick Zimmer
36:Megan's Law
1995:Categories
1118:August 21,
802:References
759:violence.
734:sex crimes
637:New Jersey
567:newspapers
137:Introduced
74:Public law
50:Long title
1953:144623766
1882:145616750
1344:CiteSeerX
1317:144828566
1247:146412299
1225:CiteSeerX
757:vigilante
712:Criticism
689:passports
571:pamphlets
69:Citations
2006:Sex laws
1924:17620324
1745:MPR news
1633:ATSA.com
1607:ATSA.com
1282:53318656
1193:(2012).
775:See also
624:children
563:websites
187:a series
1366:1672265
1057:May 21,
834:Pub. L.
593:History
223:Federal
1951:
1922:
1880:
1827:
1589:
1364:
1346:
1315:
1280:
1245:
1227:
1033:nj.com
901:
840:
751:, and
726:trends
705:tier I
608:murder
189:on the
106:U.S.C.
1949:S2CID
1896:(PDF)
1878:S2CID
1797:Slate
1771:Slate
1585:2013
1362:S2CID
1313:S2CID
1278:S2CID
1243:S2CID
1213:(PDF)
922:(PDF)
863:(PDF)
845:(PDF)
702:SORNA
285:Other
263:State
1974:(by
1920:PMID
1843:2014
1825:ISBN
1804:2014
1778:2014
1752:2014
1726:2014
1672:2014
1641:2014
1615:2014
1587:ISBN
1567:2011
1538:2014
1512:2014
1505:KOAT
1486:2014
1455:2015
1172:2016
1142:2015
1120:2015
1059:2014
951:2015
899:ISBN
871:2015
764:ATSA
687:the
606:and
604:rape
549:and
61:the
1941:doi
1912:doi
1870:doi
1443:RFT
1389:doi
1354:doi
1305:doi
1270:doi
1235:doi
618:by
614:in
1997::
1978:,
1947:.
1937:16
1935:.
1918:.
1908:25
1906:.
1876:.
1866:21
1864:.
1795:.
1769:.
1743:.
1712:.
1689:.
1658:.
1631:.
1605:.
1557:.
1546:^
1529:.
1503:.
1472:.
1441:.
1423:.
1385:46
1383:.
1360:.
1352:.
1340:54
1338:.
1334:.
1311:.
1301:19
1299:.
1276:.
1266:54
1264:.
1241:.
1233:.
1221:34
1219:.
1215:.
1180:^
1158:.
1103:^
1093:.
1075:.
1050:.
1031:.
1007:.
989:.
971:.
959:^
942:.
930:^
879:^
851:^
747:,
653:.
553:.
149:NJ
100:42
1955:.
1943::
1926:.
1914::
1884:.
1872::
1845:.
1806:.
1780:.
1754:.
1728:.
1674:.
1643:.
1617:.
1569:.
1540:.
1514:.
1488:.
1457:.
1395:.
1391::
1368:.
1356::
1319:.
1307::
1284:.
1272::
1249:.
1237::
1174:.
1144:.
1122:.
1061:.
1017:.
975:.
953:.
907:.
873:.
820:.
498:e
491:t
484:v
147:–
145:R
143:(
32:.
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
