88:. In the case of successful transmedia franchises, each different medium should expand the target demographic and fandom, build the interest of the consumers and add to the overarching story and narrative of the franchise itself. A connection between the characters, settings, and other elements of the media franchise do still exist within the different mediums, regardless of the fact that they are being presented in sometimes completely different ways, such as the shared, interweaving storylines and elements of
1928:
76:, which is the community of fans that indulge in many of its mediums and are committed to interacting with and keeping up with other consumers. Large franchise-based fandoms have grown to be even more popular in recent years with the rise of social media platforms, as many fans seek to interact with one another for discussion, debate and even to create their own fan-made pieces of media revolving around the franchise, on websites like
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continuity, leading fans to speculate or seek to confirm which mediums are canon and which are not, which can get confusing if the franchise does not provide an answer themselves since entire mediums can be non-canon to the greater story, with a popular example occurring. On the other hand, specific episodes, volumes or parts of a series can be canon while others in the same medium are not, such as the fact that only some of the
462:
in 1955, bringing fictional media franchises to life through the theme parks slowly became increasingly popular as the way to perfectly blend tourism and real-life involvement with media itself. Similar to transmedia, the concept of bringing fictional media into a non-fictional space where fans can
162:
in the franchise's characters and settings. As one author explains, "For the studios, a home-run is a film from which a multimedia 'franchise' can be generated; the colossally expensive creation of cross-media conglomerates predicated on synergistic rewards provides an obvious imperative to develop
593:
films, music and book publishing (including original works in addition to its anthologies of cartoons, photographs, recipes, advice, articles or fiction that had originally appeared in the magazine), footwear, clothing of every kind, jewelry, housewares (lamps, clocks, bedding, glassware), guitars
454:
Long-running franchises were common in the early studio era, when
Hollywood studios had actors and directors under long-term contract. In such cases, even lead actors are often replaced as they age, lose interest, or their characters are killed. Spin-offs and adaptations of popular pieces of media
92:
films, television shows, comics and video games. Espen
Aarseth describes the financial logic of cost-recovery for expensive productions by identifying that a single medium launch is a lost opportunity, the timeliness of the production and release is more important than its integrity, the releases
183:
Transmedia franchises occasionally release content through certain mediums that is not canon to the main or greater story that the franchise is built around, meaning that the elements of said content do not truly exist in the main timeline of the franchise. Canon content often times breaks
71:
across more than one medium. For the owners, the goal of increasing profit through diversity can extend the commercial profitability of the franchise and create strong feelings of identity and ownership in its consumers. Those large groups of dedicated consumers create the franchise's
273:, and crossed through the mediums of television, film, news, and other non-media related realms, such trading cards, merchandise, and more. A number of Japanese media franchises have gained considerable global popularity, and are among the world's
123:. A transmedia franchise however is often referred to by the simpler term "media franchise". The term media franchise is often used to describe the popular adaptation of a work into films, like the popular
1788:
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immerse themselves in real-life versions of elements from the fictional worlds they love, adds to the overall narrative the franchise creates through its other mediums. Marvel's
1778:
771:"'Avatar' and the Mystery of the Vanishing Blockbuster - It was the highest-grossing film in history, but for years it was remembered mainly for having been forgotten. Why?"
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and gambling, playing cards, pinball machines and pet accessories, billiard balls, bedroom appurtenances, enhancements, plus countless other items of merchandise.
805:
1884:
1783:
1773:
1098:
Palumbo, Donald (1998). "Asimov's
Crusade Against Bigotry: The Persistence Of Prejudice as a Fractal Motif in the Robot/Empire Foundation Metaseries".
306:
marked a shift in
Japanese marketing from the focus on the content of the commodity to "overlapping the commodity image with the character image".
154:
Multimedia franchises usually develop through a character or fictional world becoming popular in one medium, and then expanding to others through
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such products." The trend later developed wherein franchises would be launched in multiple forms of media simultaneously; for instance, the film
1480:"Disney's Star Wars: Forces of Production, Promotion, and Reception. William Proctor and Richard McCulloch (eds.). Iowa City: University of I"
1861:
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in the late 1990s, acted as benchmarks in the country's transmedia dominance. The latter in particular began as a video game available on
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Media franchises tend to cross over from their original media to other forms. Literary franchises are often transported to film, such as
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A media franchise does not have to include the same characters or theme, as the brand identity can be the franchise, like
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as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time".
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in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a
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park is one of the many franchise-based theme parks created in recent times, following the creation of
283:'s penetration into the American market of the franchise along with others of Japanese origin, such as
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were produced at the same time, using the same actors on the same sets, and released on the same day.
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genres. Similarly, fantasy, science fiction films and television shows are frequently adapted into
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1617:"Technologies of the Childhood Imagination: Yugioh, Media Mixes, and Everyday Cultural Production"
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within a franchise can even be created, which ultimately leads to the creation of brand worlds.
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becoming a #1 hit on
Billboard Hot 100. The success resulted in a nationwide concert tour, an
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should raise brand awareness and the cross-ability of the work is critical for its success.
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585:. Twenty-five years later, Playboy released private clubs and restaurants, movie theaters,
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but the origins of the strategy can be traced back to the 1960s with the proliferation of
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comics are canon, with a large amount of them breaking the continuity of the main story.
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Månsson, Maria; Buchmann, Annæ; Cassinger, Cecilia; Eskilsson, Lena, eds. (2020-07-07).
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are other highlights of the non-fiction branch of media franchises, such as the popular
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Non-fiction media franchises also exist in the television and film mediums, with
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1612:"Mobilizing the Imagination in Everyday Play: The Case of Japanese Media Mixes"
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being one of the most well-known examples; ranging from competition shows like
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Aarseth, Espen (2006). "The
Culture and Business of Cross-Media Productions".
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was a transmedia franchise from its beginnings, with the first season winner
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series, which serves as both a film and television transmedia franchise.
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1185:"From One Medium to the Next: How Comic Books Create Richer Storylines"
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136:. Other neologisms exist to describe various franchise types including
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1634:: "The Midas Formula (How to create a billion-dollar movie franchise)"
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Post-classical
Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945
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by Marc
Steinberg, details the evolution of the media mix in Japan.
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Bitten by
Twilight: Youth Culture, Media, and the Vampire Franchise
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922:"Transmedia Storytelling and Entertainment: An annotated syllabus"
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1260:"Manga Movies Project Report 1 - Transmedia Japanese Franchising"
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510:
567:. An enduring and comprehensive example of a media franchise is
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571:, which began expanding well beyond its successful magazine,
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Anime's Media Mix: Franchising Toys and
Characters in Japan.
1549:
Kackman, Michael; Kearney, Mary Celeste, eds. (2018-06-22).
505:. Television and film franchises are often expanded upon in
311:
Anime's Media Mix: Franchising Toys and Characters in Japan,
289:, gave rise to the recognition of what is variously called
32:
1396:"Brand Identity, Adaptation, and Media Franchise Culture"
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to the day-in-the-life episodes of the many different
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Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies
16:
Use of a creative work across several different media
1231:
Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide
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Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide
1306:, University of Minnesota Press, pp. 143–161,
1149:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 182–202,
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970:Interactive Narratives and Transmedia Storytelling
1525:"How To Kill A Major Media Franchise In A Decade"
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117:book that made the bestseller list and the film
1607:"The Gender Dynamics of the Japanese Media Mix"
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237:and is first used to describe adaptations of
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1300:"Beyond the Horizon of the Possible Worlds"
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737:List of best-selling video game franchises
224:, gaming technologies, cell phones, toys,
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1353:International Journal of Cultural Studies
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804:. First International Conference on CDA.
769:Keiles, Jamie Lauren (December 1, 2022).
643:List of highest-grossing media franchises
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749:List of space science fiction franchises
130:that was adapted into the five films of
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1077:. Peter Lang Publishing. p. 12.
235:gained its circulation in late 1980s
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1523:Bernstein, Joseph (12 August 2013).
1100:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
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811:from the original on 19 October 2013
67:A media franchise often consists of
1642:: Film franchise earning comparison
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469:The Wizarding World of Harry Potter
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830:Fuschillo, Gregorio (2018-05-04).
707:List of television show franchises
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1982:
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275:highest-grossing media franchises
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1343:Bainbridge, Jason (2013-10-25).
920:Jenkins, Henry (December 2010).
561:The Complete Idiot's Guide to...
552:literary franchises include the
300:Researchers argue that the 1963
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1394:Marazi, Katerina (2014-12-01).
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1183:Bourdaa, Mélanie (2018-03-14).
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832:"Fans, fandoms, or fanaticism?"
1349:franchise and the environment"
1345:"'It is a Pokémon world': The
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967:McErlean, Kelly (2018-03-05).
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883:. Cambridge University Press.
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675:List of highest-grossing films
638:Lists of multimedia franchises
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1:
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732:List of video game franchises
581:, in 1959), and even its own
27:, is a collection of related
1789:games, toys, and merchandise
1298:SAITO, SATOMI (2015-12-20),
938:10.1080/10304312.2010.510599
509:, particularly those in the
7:
1478:Mayer, Hervé (2020-03-20).
880:Young Adult Fantasy Fiction
877:Wilkins, Kim (2019-07-11).
836:Journal of Consumer Culture
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1413:10.1515/ausfm-2015-0012
1312:10.5749/j.ctv1rdv223.14
1155:10.1057/9781137306043_9
1073:Click, Melissa (2010).
1040:Jenkins, Henry (2006).
717:Transmedia storytelling
291:transmedia storytelling
1552:The Craft of Criticism
458:Since the creation of
297:, media synergy, etc.
1956:Mass media franchises
1913:Video game franchises
1857:Video game franchises
1769:Multimedia franchises
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1447:10.4324/9780429430398
1048:. NYU Press. p.
1004:Popular Communication
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889:10.1017/9781108551137
660:Narrative consumption
498:, as well as popular
160:intellectual property
63:Transmedia franchise
1753:Video game franchise
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1147:Fantastic Transmedia
665:Database consumption
494:, and other popular
317:Japanese terminology
187:Battlestar Galactica
156:licensing agreements
120:From Justin to Kelly
25:multimedia franchise
1971:Mass media industry
1143:"Transmedia Memory"
797:Lemke, Jay (2004).
579:Playboy's Penthouse
569:Playboy Enterprises
202:and entertainment,
169:and the video game
166:The Matrix Reloaded
55:, defined the word
53:Walt Disney Company
583:television channel
479:at Disneyland and
158:, with respect to
110:A Moment Like This
41:television program
23:, also known as a
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1901:Comic book series
1823:Comic book series
1779:television series
1709:Comic book series
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898:978-1-108-55113-7
650:Media convergence
440:, recast as movie
423:, recast as manga
391:, recast as novel
353:, recast as drama
336:, recast as anime
259:in the 1980s and
133:The Twilight Saga
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1885:Film series
1835:Film series
1762:Media lists
1726:Film series
1704:Book series
1285:Steinberg,
1189:M/C Journal
782:December 3,
670:Film series
550:Non-fiction
545:Non-fiction
526:Square Enix
503:superheroes
492:Miss Marple
396:komikaraizu
244:Japan Sinks
128:book series
105:RCA Records
1950:Categories
1816:television
1746:web series
1601:Mizuko Ito
1527:. Buzzfeed
1327:2022-11-23
1269:2015-07-31
1170:2022-11-23
1126:074863858X
1120:, p. 207,
756:References
619:docuseries
599:reality TV
500:comic book
496:detectives
488:Nancy Drew
460:Disneyland
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864:150052589
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1934:Category
1811:Internet
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1024:46602603
806:Archived
631:See also
613:series.
411:manga-ka
387:novelize
324:anime-ka
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267:Nintendo
213:メディアミックス
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1961:Sequels
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1347:Pokémon
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1784:films
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1287:p. vi
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617:and
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