41:
979:
224:
3342:
3332:
3322:
459:
1030:
for release in 1996. Mint engraver
Sheldon Beveridge engraved the image of a group of three McIntoshes and a McIntosh blossom, which adorn one side with a ribbon naming the variety. An inscription on the edge reads "1796 Canada Dollar 1996". Issued sheathed in a silver cardboard sleeve in a black
328:
The McIntosh is one of the most common cultivars used in apple breeding; a 1996 study found that the McIntosh was a parent in 101 of 439 cultivars selected, more than any other founding clone. It was used in over half of the
Canadian cultivars selected, and was used extensively in the United States
439:
is credited with popularizing the McIntosh in Canada. He stated the McIntosh needed "no words of praise", that it was "one of the finest appearing and best dessert apples grown". The Macoun, a hybrid of the McIntosh and Jersey Black grown by the
Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, NY, was
423:
about 1835; with this cloning, the McIntoshes could maintain the distinctive properties of the fruit of the original tree. Allan and brother Sandy (1825–1906), nicknamed "Sandy the
Grafter", increased production and promotion of the cultivar. Earliest sales were in 1835, and in 1836 the cultivar
415:
before that time; the seedlings may have sprouted from discarded fruit. Fall St
Lawrence and Alexander have also been proposed, but the parentage remains unknown. He transplanted the seedlings next to his house. One of the seedlings bore particularly good fruit. The McIntosh grandchildren dubbed
171:
in 1811. He and his wife cultivated it, and the family started grafting the tree and selling the fruit in 1835. In 1870, it entered commercial production, and became common in northeastern North
America after 1900. While still important in production, the fruit's popularity fell in the early 21st
1104:
Several print and online sources, as well as the 1996 commemorative silver dollar, have mistakenly stated 1796 as the year of the McIntosh's discovery. 1796 was the year of McIntosh's immigration to Canada. The confusion may have stemmed from an error on the 1912 plaque erected by the McIntosh
156:
and was widely sold in the UK. However, after holding 40% of the
Canadian market share in the 1960s through to 1996, its market share declined to 28% in 2014 and is expected to continue to do so, in part due to production cost and in part due to consumers favoring sweeter, crisper, and less tart
231:
The McIntosh apple is a small to medium-sized round fruit with a short stem. It has a red and green skin that is thick, tender, and easy to peel. Its white flesh is sometime tinged with green or pink and is juicy, tender, and firm, soon becoming soft. The flesh is easily bruised.
410:
While clearing the overgrown plot, McIntosh discovered some apple seedlings on his farm. Since the crabapple was the only native apple in North
America before European settlement, it must have had European origins. The Snow Apple (or Fameuse) had been popular in
1019:. Apple's attempt in 1982 to trademark the name Macintosh was nevertheless denied due to the phonetic similarity between Apple's product and the name of the hi-fi manufacturer. Apple licensed the rights to the name in 1983, and bought the trademark in 1986.
239:
The fruit grows best in cool areas where nights are cold and autumn days are clear; otherwise, it suffers from poor colour and soft flesh, and tends to fall from the tree before harvest. It stores for two to three months in air, but is prone to
416:
the fruit it produced "Granny's apple", as they often saw their grandmother taking care of the tree in the orchard. McIntosh was selling seedlings from the tree by 1820, but they did not produce fruit of the quality of the original.
265:
The McIntosh is most commonly cultivated in Canada, the United States, and
Eastern Europe. It is one of the top five apple cultivars used in cloning, and research indicates the McIntosh combines well for winter hardiness.
145:, the national apple of Canada. The fruit has red and green skin, a tart flavour, and tender white flesh, which ripens in late September. It is considered an all-purpose apple, suitable both for cooking and eating raw.
235:
The fruit is considered "all-purpose", suitable both for eating raw and for cooking. It is used primarily for dessert, and requires less time to cook than most cultivars. It is usually blended when used for juice.
256:
in which temperatures are between 1.7 and 3.0 °C (35.1 and 37.4 °F), and air content is 1.5–4.5% oxygen and 1–5% carbon dioxide; under such conditions, the McIntosh will keep for five to eight months.
993:
The McIntosh has been designated the national apple of Canada. A popular subscription funded a plaque placed 100 metres (110 yd) from the original McIntosh tree in 1912. The
474:
had become the preferred apple for pies. Production remained important to
Ontario, however, as 30,000,000 kilograms (66,000,000 lb) of McIntoshes were produced in 2010.
1484:
399:
parents. She had died by the time he found her, but he settled as a farmer in Upper Canada. He married Hannah Doran in 1801, and they farmed along the
1177:
1031:
leatherette case, 133,779 pieces of the proof were sold, as well as 58,834 pieces of the uncirculated version in a plastic capsule and silver sleeve.
1577:
994:
1878:
3277:
1015:
line of personal computers after the McIntosh. He deliberately misspelled the name to avoid conflict with the hi-fi equipment manufacturer
998:
455:
The McIntosh made up 40% of the Canadian apple market by the 1960s; and at least thirty varieties of McIntosh hybrid were known by 1970.
424:
was renamed the "McIntosh Red"; it entered commercial production in 1870. The apple became popular after 1900, when the first sprays for
1040:
428:
were developed. A house fire damaged the original McIntosh tree in 1894; it last produced fruit in 1908, and died and fell over in 1910.
477:
The original tree discovered by John McIntosh bore fruit for more than ninety years, and died in 1910. Horticulturalists from the
1604:
214:
1892:
1207:
1079:
The same study found that 64% of the cultivars selected came from five founding clones: in descending order, the McIntosh, the
213:
A spreading tree that is moderately vigorous, the McIntosh bears annually or in alternate years. The tree is hardy to at least
481:
heritage park saved cuttings from the last known first-generation McIntosh graft before it died in 2011 for producing clones.
3300:
1833:
1785:
1760:
1735:
1710:
1659:
1634:
1567:
3239:
308:
282:
1492:
1844:
122:
1904:
1670:
1933:
1884:
466:
Its popularity later waned in the face of competition from imports; in the first decade of the 21st century, the
444:
that were killed in a severe winter in 1933–34. In the late 1940s, Canadian ambassador to the United Nations
2233:
1723:
I Know That Name!: The People Behind Canada's Best Known Brand Names from Elizabeth Arden to Walter Zeller
220:
4a, or −34 °C (−29 °F). 50% or more of its flowers die at −3.1 °C (26.4 °F) or below.
1587:
1702:
403:
until 1811, when McIntosh exchanged the land he had with his brother-in-law Edward Doran for a plot in
245:
3267:
3345:
2786:
1752:
432:
3371:
3366:
3335:
2473:
370:
290:
286:
373:
as early as 1606 by French settlers. Following its introduction, apple cultivation spread inland.
329:
and Eastern Europe as well; rarely was it used elsewhere. Offspring of the McIntosh include: the
3381:
3376:
2323:
1953:
312:
3305:
2904:
2483:
2178:
1088:
1027:
396:
377:
160:
3386:
2613:
2603:
2488:
2443:
2338:
2318:
2238:
2213:
404:
273:, which may lead to entire crops being unmarketable. It has generally low susceptibility to
253:
252:
when stored at temperatures below 2 °C (36 °F). The fruit is optimally stored in a
164:
64:
3292:
3047:
2959:
2919:
2393:
2183:
1977:
1926:
1211:
1182:
1149:
478:
400:
177:
8:
3082:
2969:
2448:
2248:
2158:
2063:
1678:
1582:
1023:
1016:
3233:
2881:
2861:
2733:
2693:
2553:
2463:
2458:
2273:
2263:
2068:
1187:
2198:
1797:"Founding Clones, Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Status Number of Modern Apple Cultivars"
440:
named for him in 1923. In the northeastern United States, the McIntosh replaced many
391:
home in New York State in 1796 to follow his love, Dolly Irwin, who had been taken to
3173:
3137:
2876:
2831:
2796:
2648:
2228:
2218:
2143:
2108:
1829:
1781:
1756:
1731:
1706:
1695:
1655:
1651:
1630:
1563:
1001:
put up another in a park nearby in 2001, by a painted mural commemorating the fruit.
445:
300:
180:
website, it is one of the fifteen most popular apple cultivars in the United States.
3245:
3027:
3019:
3004:
2974:
2954:
2871:
2771:
2538:
2418:
2363:
2333:
2298:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2133:
2103:
2098:
2038:
2033:
2013:
1808:
1773:
Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company
1084:
1080:
1045:
346:
84:
3325:
3132:
3037:
3009:
2989:
2929:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2776:
2728:
2718:
2658:
2643:
2508:
2468:
2433:
2428:
2303:
2293:
2243:
2083:
2028:
1984:
1919:
1823:
1777:
1771:
1746:
1721:
1645:
1624:
1553:
1060:
1055:
441:
342:
319:
40:
470:
accounted for 33% of the apple market in Ontario to the McIntosh's 12%, and the
3250:
3107:
2964:
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2816:
2683:
2678:
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2628:
2623:
2618:
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2518:
2368:
2288:
2258:
2223:
2203:
2148:
2113:
2093:
2088:
2058:
2053:
2003:
1012:
986:
449:
350:
338:
278:
217:
207:
202:
The McIntosh, or McIntosh Red (nicknamed the "Mac"), is the most popular apple
191:
149:
20:
1872:
978:
3360:
3228:
3213:
3127:
3117:
3112:
2944:
2909:
2846:
2781:
2758:
2743:
2713:
2708:
2653:
2598:
2593:
2573:
2513:
2503:
2453:
2438:
2423:
2358:
2128:
2018:
1813:
1796:
1727:
1559:
1092:
1050:
388:
354:
206:
in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. It also sells well in
3287:
3072:
3062:
2949:
2934:
2856:
2841:
2826:
2821:
2748:
2738:
2588:
2528:
2493:
2478:
2403:
2398:
2388:
2348:
2313:
2308:
2268:
2168:
2078:
2073:
2043:
1849:
471:
467:
412:
392:
334:
330:
173:
168:
68:
1178:"The McIntosh apple is a legend, but it could disappear from Quebec shops"
194:
computer line after the cultivar witch was later shortened to Mac in 1999
3168:
3163:
3122:
3102:
3092:
3087:
2899:
2891:
2633:
2583:
2578:
2563:
2353:
2328:
2278:
2193:
2138:
1995:
274:
241:
153:
1697:
The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce, and Obsession
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
3218:
3077:
3067:
2866:
2836:
2698:
2673:
2668:
2638:
2373:
2188:
2023:
1008:
1004:
982:
425:
270:
187:
183:
249:
3223:
3188:
3158:
3097:
2984:
2791:
2766:
2703:
2688:
2548:
2543:
2378:
2283:
2208:
1375:
358:
304:
3282:
3262:
3178:
3032:
2999:
2979:
2939:
2924:
2914:
2413:
2343:
2118:
1896:
1608:
420:
203:
148:
In the 20th century, the McIntosh was the most popular cultivar in
142:
51:
3193:
2723:
2408:
2048:
2008:
1026:
commissioned Toronto artist Roger Hill to design a commemorative
997:
replaced the plaque with a more descriptive one in 1962, and the
311:(but resists race 2). Furthermore, it is moderately resistant to
295:
1394:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
3142:
2558:
2533:
2383:
2253:
1350:
1348:
1115:
436:
172:
century in the face of competition from varieties such as the
3256:
3183:
2994:
2123:
1969:
1942:
1427:
1425:
1310:
1255:
223:
139:
1795:
Noiton, Dominique A.M.; Alspach, Peter A. (September 1996).
1345:
3272:
458:
1644:
Ferree, David David Curtis; Warrington, I. Ian J. (2003).
1422:
114:
111:
1911:
1801:
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
1576:
1464:
1388:
1154:
99:
93:
1365:
1363:
1528:
1127:
The "Gem" was also considered as a name for the apple.
1516:
19:"Mac (apple)" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1454:
1452:
1410:
1360:
989:
line of personal computers was named after the fruit.
123:
105:
102:
96:
357:, the Summered, the Tydeman's Red, and possibly the
108:
1485:"The History of the McIntosh / Concepts du sablier"
1437:
90:
87:
1694:
1449:
1298:
1286:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
3358:
1893:"Oldest McIntosh apple tree descendant cut down"
1643:
1605:"Oldest McIntosh apple tree descendant cut down"
1339:
1327:
1280:
1147:
293:. It is susceptible to fungal diseases such as
163:discovered the original McIntosh sapling on his
995:Ontario Archaeological and Historic Sites Board
452:that the McIntosh Red was Canada's best apple.
1602:
1431:
1216:
419:John McIntosh's son Allan (1815–1899) learned
269:If unsprayed, the McIntosh succumbs easily to
1927:
1794:
1354:
448:told the Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs
431:Horticulturist William Tyrrell Macoun of the
369:Apple trees were introduced to Canada at the
353:; the Jonamac, the Jersey Mac, the Lobo, the
244:, flesh softening, chilling sensitivity, and
3278:PRI disease resistant apple breeding program
999:Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada
1555:Hidden Ontario: Secrets from Ontario's Past
1041:List of Canadian inventions and discoveries
1934:
1920:
1905:"Where does the McIntosh Apple Come From?"
1719:
1470:
39:
1812:
1769:
1534:
1483:Dozois, Marie-France (2 September 2013).
1141:
1748:The Culinarian: A Kitchen Desk Reference
1622:
1522:
977:
973:
457:
222:
1692:
1586:. January–February 2002. Archived from
1416:
1404:
1169:
484:
227:A McIntosh that was illustrated in 1901
3359:
1842:
1744:
1482:
1458:
1369:
1150:"What happened to the McIntosh apple?"
1915:
1875:, Archives of Ontario YouTube channel
1821:
1551:
1513:Fruit Varieties Journal vol. 29, 1975
1443:
1400:
1304:
1292:
1114:Dundela is about 70 km south of
325:, and resists brown leaf spots well.
3240:Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
1647:Apples: Botany, Production, and Uses
1175:
1148:Magazine Monitor (22 January 2014).
1845:"Where have you gone, Mr McIntosh?"
1668:
1249:
490:Descendant cultivars from McIntosh
13:
1720:Kearney, Mark; Ray, Randy (2002).
1176:Saba, Michel (11 September 2020).
14:
3398:
1866:
1603:CBC News staff (25 August 2011).
3341:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3321:
3320:
1843:Tapper, Josh (15 October 2011).
83:
1671:"McIntosh Given Numismatic Nod"
1507:
1476:
1121:
1108:
1098:
1073:
1885:"UK National Fruit Collection"
1879:Ontario Plaques: John McIntosh
1544:
1389:Canadian Geographic staff 2002
1201:
260:
197:
1:
3301:Countries by apple production
1134:
700:McIntosh x Worcester Pearmain
687:McIntosh x Worcester Pearmain
381:
1745:Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2012).
1693:Gollner, Adam Leith (2008).
1626:The Oxford Companion to Food
1340:Ferree & Warrington 2003
1328:Ferree & Warrington 2003
1281:Ferree & Warrington 2003
7:
1770:Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004).
1629:. Oxford University Press.
1034:
376:The McIntosh's discoverer,
10:
3403:
1941:
1669:Fox, Mark (30 June 2010).
364:
18:
3316:
3206:
3151:
3055:
3046:
3018:
2890:
2757:
1994:
1962:
1949:
1753:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
1355:Noiton & Alspach 1996
713:McIntosh x Yellow Newtown
433:Central Experimental Farm
60:
50:
45:McIntosh apples on a tree
38:
30:
1907:. mysteriesofcanada.com.
1814:10.21273/JASHS.121.5.773
1118:, the Canadian capital.
1066:
697:Tydemans Early Worcester
673:McIntosh x Virginia Crab
634:McIntosh x Malus Baccata
579:McIntosh x Grimes Golden
371:Habitation at Port-Royal
16:National apple of Canada
2324:Geheimrat Dr. Oldenburg
2194:Cripps Pink (Pink Lady)
1954:List of apple cultivars
1703:Charles Scribner's Sons
1623:Davidson, Alan (2014).
970:O.P. = Open Pollinated
593:McIntosh x Jersey Black
2787:Calville Blanc d'hiver
1828:. NRC Research Press.
1822:Small, Ernest (2009).
1578:"Canadian food firsts"
1471:Kearney & Ray 2002
990:
463:
228:
134:, or colloquially the
2614:Rhode Island Greening
2534:Sciros (Pacific Rose)
2444:Karmijn de Sonnaville
2214:Devonshire Quarrenden
1552:Boyle, Terry (2011).
981:
974:Cultural significance
461:
254:controlled atmosphere
226:
3293:US Apple Association
2234:Duchess of Oldenburg
1978:Malus niedzwetzkyana
1495:on 23 September 2017
1212:US Apple Association
1183:The Montreal Gazette
782:Ben Davis x McIntosh
647:McIntosh x Milwaukee
551:McIntosh x Longfield
538:McIntosh x Longfield
485:Descendant cultivars
479:Upper Canada Village
462:An apple in a market
401:Saint Lawrence River
178:US Apple Association
3083:Apple cider vinegar
2449:King of the Pippins
2179:Cox's Orange Pippin
2159:Cornish Gilliflower
1825:Top 100 Food Plants
1679:Krause Publications
1583:Canadian Geographic
1432:CBC News staff 2011
1089:Cox's Orange Pippin
1024:Royal Canadian Mint
1017:McIntosh Laboratory
631:South Dakota Macata
491:
387:), left his native
176:. According to the
3234:Fruit tree pruning
2862:Reinette du Canada
2734:Worcester Pearmain
2489:Lucombe's Seedling
2474:Liveland Raspberry
2319:Gascoyne's Scarlet
2274:Esopus Spitzenburg
2239:Dumelow's Seedling
2069:Aurora Golden Gala
1188:The Canadian Press
991:
821:Carlton x McIntosh
660:McIntosh x Newtown
565:McIntosh x Fameuse
489:
464:
380:(1777 –
229:
3354:
3353:
3202:
3201:
3138:Jewish apple cake
2877:White Transparent
2797:Chelmsford Wonder
2144:Claygate Pearmain
1835:978-0-660-19858-3
1787:978-1-59327-010-0
1762:978-0-544-18603-3
1737:978-1-55002-407-4
1712:978-1-4165-6561-1
1661:978-0-85199-799-5
1636:978-0-19-104072-6
1569:978-1-4597-0029-1
968:
967:
808:Prince x McIntosh
795:Prince x McIntosh
768:Prince x McIntosh
607:McIntosh x Lawver
525:McIntosh x Forest
512:McIntosh x Forest
446:Andrew McNaughton
157:apple varieties.
75:
74:
3394:
3344:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3246:Johnny Appleseed
3053:
3052:
3020:Ornamental apple
2334:Golden Delicious
2249:Ellison's Orange
2174:Court Pendu Plat
2154:Cornish Aromatic
2099:Belle de Boskoop
2064:Ashmead's Kernel
2034:Allington Pippin
2014:Airlie Red Flesh
1936:
1929:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1888:
1873:Macintosh Apples
1861:
1859:
1857:
1839:
1818:
1816:
1791:
1766:
1741:
1716:
1700:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1665:
1640:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1573:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1491:. Archived from
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1343:
1342:, p. 74–75.
1337:
1331:
1325:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1253:
1247:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1145:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1081:Golden Delicious
1077:
1046:Ambrosia (apple)
755:Stone x McIntosh
741:McIntosh x Dolgo
727:McIntosh x Dolgo
620:McIntosh x Linda
504:Introduced year
492:
488:
386:
383:
283:cedar-apple rust
248:. It can become
126:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
43:
28:
27:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3372:Canadian apples
3367:Apple cultivars
3357:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3312:
3198:
3147:
3133:Himmel und Erde
3042:
3038:Wijcik McIntosh
3014:
3010:Yarlington Mill
2990:Slack-ma-Girdle
2886:
2812:Crimson Bramley
2777:Blenheim Orange
2753:
2464:Laxton's Superb
2244:Egremont Russet
2199:Delbard Jubilée
1990:
1985:Malus sieversii
1971:Malus domestica
1958:
1945:
1940:
1903:
1891:
1883:
1869:
1864:
1855:
1853:
1836:
1788:
1778:No Starch Press
1763:
1738:
1713:
1683:
1681:
1675:World Coin News
1662:
1637:
1613:
1611:
1593:
1591:
1590:on 24 June 2013
1570:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1489:cdsboutique.com
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1256:
1248:
1217:
1208:Apple varieties
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1061:Wijcik McIntosh
1056:Spartan (apple)
1037:
976:
487:
384:
367:
263:
200:
124:
86:
82:
46:
32:Malus domestica
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3382:Dessert apples
3379:
3377:Cooking apples
3374:
3369:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3306:Apple diseases
3303:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3253:
3251:Malling series
3248:
3243:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3108:Apple seed oil
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3050:
3048:Apple products
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2965:Kingston Black
2962:
2960:Harrison Cider
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2905:Cap of Liberty
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2852:Norfolk Biffin
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2817:Flower of Kent
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2759:Cooking apples
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Sturmer Pippin
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2624:Roxbury Russet
2621:
2619:Ribston Pippin
2616:
2611:
2609:Redlove apples
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2519:Newtown Pippin
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Lord Lambourne
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:Dorsett Golden
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2204:Delbarestivale
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:Civni (Rubens)
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Birgit Bonnier
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2094:Beauty of Bath
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Arkansas Black
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2004:Adams Pearmain
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1867:External links
1865:
1863:
1862:
1840:
1834:
1819:
1807:(5): 773–782.
1792:
1786:
1767:
1761:
1742:
1736:
1717:
1711:
1690:
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1660:
1641:
1635:
1620:
1600:
1574:
1568:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:Linzmayer 2004
1527:
1515:
1506:
1475:
1473:, p. 184.
1463:
1448:
1436:
1421:
1409:
1403:, p. 61;
1393:
1374:
1372:, p. 356.
1359:
1357:, p. 777.
1344:
1332:
1309:
1297:
1285:
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975:
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901:Kress McIntosh
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769:
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762:
761:
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753:
749:
748:
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742:
739:
735:
734:
731:
728:
725:
721:
720:
717:
714:
711:
707:
706:
703:
701:
698:
694:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:Michaelmas Red
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:
667:
666:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
650:
648:
645:
641:
640:
637:
635:
632:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
614:
613:
610:
608:
605:
601:
600:
597:
594:
591:
587:
586:
583:
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573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
559:
558:
555:
552:
549:
545:
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541:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
526:
523:
519:
518:
516:
513:
510:
506:
505:
502:
499:
496:
486:
483:
450:Andrei Gromyko
385: 1845–46
366:
363:
339:Newtown Pippin
279:powdery mildew
262:
259:
218:Hardiness zone
208:Eastern Europe
199:
196:
184:Apple Computer
150:Eastern Canada
73:
72:
62:
58:
57:
54:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
21:Mac (computer)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3399:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3347:
3339:
3337:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:Arctic Apples
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:Apple picking
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Caramel apple
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Apple strudel
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Golden Russet
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:Chisel Jersey
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Newton Wonder
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:York Imperial
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Tompkins King
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Star of Devon
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:Red Pineapple
2602:
2600:
2599:Red Delicious
2597:
2595:
2594:Red Astrachan
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:Pam's Delight
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Knobby Russet
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:Grimes Golden
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:Golden Orange
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1728:Dundurn Press
1725:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1560:Dundurn Press
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1537:, p. 87.
1536:
1531:
1525:, p. 30.
1524:
1523:Davidson 2014
1519:
1510:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1446:, p. 29.
1445:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1419:, p. 10.
1418:
1413:
1407:, p. 10.
1406:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1330:, p. 75.
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1307:, p. 61.
1306:
1301:
1295:, p. 64.
1294:
1289:
1283:, p. 74.
1282:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1251:
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1234:
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1226:
1224:
1222:
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1213:
1209:
1204:
1189:
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1184:
1179:
1172:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1101:
1094:
1093:Red Delicious
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:Jubilee apple
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1028:silver dollar
1025:
1022:In 1995, the
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
980:
971:
963:
961:
959:McIntosh O.P.
958:
955:
954:
951:
948:
946:McIntosh O.P.
945:
942:
941:
937:
934:
932:McIntosh O.P.
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
918:McIntosh O.P.
917:
914:
913:
909:
906:
904:McIntosh O.P.
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
890:McIntosh O.P.
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
876:McIntosh O.P.
875:
872:
871:
867:
864:
862:McIntosh O.P.
861:
858:
857:
853:
850:
848:McIntosh O.P.
847:
844:
843:
839:
837:
835:McIntosh O.P.
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
810:
807:
804:
803:
799:
797:
794:
791:
790:
786:
784:
781:
778:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
759:
757:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
736:
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723:
722:
718:
715:
712:
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678:
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669:
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638:
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629:
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619:
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598:
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589:
588:
584:
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534:
533:
529:
527:
524:
521:
520:
517:
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511:
508:
507:
503:
501:Selected year
500:
497:
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482:
480:
475:
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469:
460:
456:
453:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
429:
427:
422:
417:
414:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Mohawk Valley
379:
378:John McIntosh
374:
372:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
326:
324:
322:
317:
315:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:
292:
291:hawthorn rust
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
258:
255:
251:
247:
243:
237:
233:
225:
221:
219:
216:
211:
209:
205:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
179:
175:
170:
166:
162:
161:John McIntosh
158:
155:
151:
146:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:
119:
80:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
53:
49:
42:
37:
33:
29:
26:
22:
3387:Juice apples
3255:
3238:
3073:Apple cheese
3063:Apple butter
2950:Golden Spire
2935:Ellis Bitter
2920:Crimson King
2892:Cider apples
2857:Northern Spy
2842:Manks Codlin
2827:Granny Smith
2822:Golden Noble
2739:Wyken Pippin
2498:
2404:Jersey Black
2394:James Grieve
2389:Ingrid Marie
2349:Granny Smith
2184:Crimson Gold
2169:Cosmic Crisp
2079:Autumn Glory
2074:Autumn Bough
1996:Table apples
1983:
1976:
1970:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:Toronto Star
1848:
1824:
1804:
1800:
1772:
1747:
1722:
1696:
1682:. Retrieved
1674:
1646:
1625:
1612:. Retrieved
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1581:
1554:
1530:
1518:
1509:
1499:23 September
1497:. Retrieved
1493:the original
1488:
1478:
1466:
1439:
1417:Gollner 2008
1412:
1405:Gollner 2008
1396:
1335:
1300:
1288:
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1181:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1153:
1143:
1123:
1110:
1100:
1075:
1021:
1003:
992:
969:
476:
472:Northern Spy
465:
454:
430:
418:
413:Lower Canada
409:
393:Upper Canada
375:
368:
331:Jersey Black
327:
320:
313:
307:, race 1 of
294:
268:
264:
246:coprinus rot
238:
234:
230:
212:
201:
182:
169:Upper Canada
159:
147:
135:
132:McIntosh Red
131:
78:
76:
69:Upper Canada
31:
25:
3268:Pollination
3207:Agriculture
3169:Apple juice
3164:Apple cider
3123:Candy apple
3118:Baked apple
3103:Apple sauce
3093:Apple flour
3088:Apple crisp
2900:Brown Snout
2579:Ralls Janet
2354:Gravenstein
2329:Ginger Gold
1545:Works cited
1459:Tapper 2011
1370:Kipfer 2012
341:hybrid the
333:hybrid the
323:leaf blotch
287:quince rust
275:fire blight
261:Cultivation
198:Description
154:New England
3361:Categories
3346:Production
3219:Apple scab
3078:Apple chip
3068:Apple cake
2882:Wolf River
2872:Upton Pyne
2837:King Byerd
2699:Tartu Rose
2694:Taliaferro
2669:Summerfree
2639:Sekai Ichi
2554:Pink Pearl
2459:Lady Alice
2374:Honeycrisp
2264:Enterprise
2189:Cripps Red
2104:Bellflower
1444:Boyle 2011
1401:Small 2009
1305:Small 2009
1293:Small 2009
1135:References
1091:, and the
1011:named the
1009:Jef Raskin
1005:Apple Inc.
983:Apple Inc.
792:Toshprince
426:apple scab
321:Alternaria
309:apple rust
271:apple scab
190:named the
188:Jef Raskin
34:(McIntosh)
3336:Cultivars
3288:Russeting
3224:Applecrab
3189:Ice cider
3174:Applejack
3159:Apfelwein
3098:Apple pie
2985:Redstreak
2832:Grenadier
2792:Campanino
2767:Antonovka
2704:Tentation
2689:SweeTango
2674:Sundowner
2649:Splendour
2549:Paula Red
2544:Papirovka
2379:Honeygold
2284:EverCrisp
2229:Dougherty
2219:Discovery
2209:Delrouval
2109:Ben Davis
1013:Macintosh
1007:employee
987:Macintosh
752:Stonetosh
738:Northland
498:Parentage
359:Paula Red
305:black rot
301:brown rot
192:Macintosh
186:employee
3283:Reinette
3263:Pearmain
3179:Calvados
3033:Goldspur
3028:Flamenco
3005:Woodcock
3000:Tom Putt
2980:Poveshon
2975:Michelin
2955:Hangdown
2940:Foxwhelp
2925:Dabinett
2915:Coccagee
2772:Bismarck
2569:Pristine
2499:McIntosh
2419:Jonathan
2414:Jonagold
2364:Haralson
2344:Goldspur
2299:Flamenco
2164:Cortland
2134:Champion
2119:Braeburn
2039:Ambrosia
1897:CBC News
1609:CBC News
1250:Fox 2010
1105:family.
1085:Jonathan
1035:See also
943:Patricia
887:Glenwale
873:Glenmary
845:Glendale
805:McPrince
779:Cortland
617:Fantazja
442:Baldwins
421:grafting
397:Loyalist
347:Cortland
316:bark rot
314:Pezicula
299:canker,
204:cultivar
167:farm in
143:cultivar
138:, is an
127:-in-tosh
79:McIntosh
56:McIntosh
52:Cultivar
3194:Pommeau
2930:Dufflin
2807:Creston
2802:Costard
2782:Bramley
2729:Winston
2724:Winesap
2719:Wealthy
2659:Stayman
2644:Spartan
2509:Melrose
2469:Liberty
2434:Jupiter
2429:Julieta
2424:Jubilee
2409:Jonadel
2304:Florina
2294:Filippa
2084:Baldwin
2049:Annurca
2029:Alkmene
2009:Aia Ilu
1963:Species
1856:17 June
1684:18 June
1614:17 June
1594:17 June
1193:28 July
1161:28 July
859:Glenelm
818:Niagara
765:Rosilda
724:Killand
710:Newtosh
657:Spartan
644:Toshkee
604:Toshlaw
576:Jubilee
522:Toshfor
405:Dundela
395:by her
365:History
343:Spartan
296:Nectria
165:Dundela
65:Dundela
3326:Apples
3297:Lists
3143:Pectin
2749:Zestar
2684:Suntan
2679:Sunset
2629:Sandow
2559:Pinova
2524:Nicola
2494:Macoun
2384:Idared
2369:Hokuto
2289:Fiesta
2259:Empire
2254:Elstar
2149:Clivia
2089:Beacon
2054:Ariane
1943:Apples
1832:
1784:
1759:
1734:
1709:
1658:
1633:
1566:
1116:Ottawa
1087:, the
1083:, the
832:George
590:Macoun
548:Sharon
437:Ottawa
351:Empire
349:; the
345:, the
337:, the
335:Macoun
289:, and
71:, 1811
61:Origin
3257:Malus
3184:Cider
3152:Drink
2995:Styre
2970:Major
2714:Topaz
2634:Sansa
2584:Rambo
2574:Rajka
2564:Prima
2514:Mutsu
2504:Melba
2439:Kanzi
2129:Cameo
2124:Brina
2024:Åkerö
2019:Akane
1067:Notes
964:1953
938:1924
929:Melba
924:1930
910:1934
896:1958
882:1948
868:1952
854:1956
840:1948
827:1962
813:1922
800:1923
787:1915
774:1921
760:1922
747:1957
733:1957
719:1923
705:1945
692:1945
679:1933
652:1923
639:1938
626:1960
612:1925
599:1923
585:1939
571:1973
562:Blair
557:1922
543:1921
530:1926
509:Edgar
355:Melba
250:mealy
242:scald
140:apple
3273:Pome
3056:Food
2867:Rome
2589:Rave
2529:Opal
2479:Lodi
2399:Jazz
2314:Gala
2309:Fuji
2269:Envy
2044:Anna
1858:2013
1830:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1686:2013
1656:ISBN
1652:CABI
1631:ISBN
1616:2013
1596:2013
1564:ISBN
1501:2017
1195:2024
1163:2024
956:Reta
949:1920
935:1909
921:1906
915:Lobo
907:1920
893:1940
879:1940
865:1945
851:1948
824:1950
771:1916
744:1938
730:1951
716:1922
676:1919
670:Maga
663:1936
623:1954
596:1918
582:1936
568:1944
554:1920
535:Maud
515:1929
495:Name
468:Gala
318:and
215:USDA
174:Gala
152:and
77:The
2279:Eva
1809:doi
1805:121
1210:by
1155:BBC
985:'s
435:in
136:Mac
130:),
125:MAK
3363::
1895:.
1847:.
1803:.
1799:.
1780:.
1776:.
1755:.
1751:.
1730:.
1726:.
1705:.
1701:.
1677:.
1673:.
1654:.
1650:.
1607:.
1580:.
1562:.
1558:.
1487:.
1451:^
1424:^
1377:^
1362:^
1347:^
1312:^
1257:^
1218:^
1186:.
1180:.
1152:.
1095:.
407:.
382:c.
361:.
303:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
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1838:.
1817:.
1811::
1790:.
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1715:.
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112:ɒ
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