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539:. Mayor Island today is a wildlife refuge. A small number of holiday houses are located in Opo Bay on the south coast of the island, along with a camp ground and a few rental cabins. The 2001 census showed a population of three, after zero in 1996 and 12 in 1991 (all figures randomised for privacy on a Base-3 system).
357:
The Tūhua
Caldera formed in the >1 km (0.24 cu mi) eruptive volume event of 6,340 years ago and also is a partial collapse crater. It is 2.2 km (1.4 mi) by 2.5 km (1.6 mi) in size. The Tuhua Tephra is quite distinctive and due to it having two dispersion
292:
The island is quite steep along its coast and rises to 355 metres (1,165 ft) above sea level. A saddle about 75 metres (246 ft) deep separates it from the North Island, while the other side of the volcano rises from the seafloor some 400–500 metres (1,312–1,640 ft) beneath the waves.
457:
eruption at their current frequency of about every 7,000 years although a small eruption could be confined within the caldera. Tsunami activity and ash affecting the Bay of Plenty are possible with initial vent clearing and ash falls toward the major cities of the northern half of the North island
458:
being most likely in summer, with economic disruption to especially ports and airports. Usually however the ash fall will be away from land. However it has been estimated that a worse case tsunami could be 35 m (115 ft) high when it reached Bay of Plenty coastal resorts and the city of
973:
366:
where it is 4 cm thick, making it useful as a mid-Holocene marker horizon. It has also been characterised from multiple sea bed cores off the East coast from the Havre trough off the Bay of Plenty to the southern North Island off
669:
262:
which has a basaltic andesite`origin. Clicking on the map enlarges it, and enables panning and mouseover of volcanic feature name/wikilink and ages before present. The key to the other volcanics that are shown with panning is
499:, a volcanic glass created by the rapid cooling of silica-rich lava, prized as a cutting tool. The obsidian was called Tūhua by Māori, who called the island by the same name. Over 80% of obsidian excavated from Matakawau on
297:
when sea levels were over 100 metres lower than present day levels, Mayor Island / Tūhua was connected to the rest of New
Zealand. Sea levels began to rise 7,000 years ago, separating Mayor Island / Tūhua from the mainland.
970:
781:
Using a tephrostratigraphic framework to determine the past 40,000 yrs of fault rupture and paleohydrothermal activity on the east strand of the
Whirinaki Fault, Ngakuru Graben, central Taupo Volcanic Zone
374:
Te Paritu Tephra is assigned to a Mayor Island eruption but the full recent significant eruptive sequence required sea cores as prevailing winds are off land. In summary recent eruptions are:
462:
with possibly only 30 minutes warning. Most of the infrastructure of these coastal towns is less than 15 m (49 ft) above sea level so is at risk of complete destruction.
271:
basalts - dark brown, undifferentiated basalts of the
Tangihua Complex in Northland Allochthon - light brown, arc basalts - deep orange brown, arc ring basalts -orange brown,
611:
1003:
918:
585:
589:
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all inhabiting the surrounding waters. Some of the island and the waters close to its shores, however, are now a small marine reserve. There are several
258:
Mayor Island / Tūhua surface volcanics map with the predominant rhyolitic volcanics coloured violet. The island to its south coloured in orange-red is
741:"Tephra beds in deep-sea cores off northern New Zealand: implications for the history of Taupo Volcanic Zone, Mayor Island and White Island volcanoes"
939:
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led a military expedition to the island in 1842, after a tribesman was killed by the Whanau a
Tauwhao, a hapu of
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630:
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695:"An occurrence of Tuhua Tephra in deep‐sea sediments from offshore eastern North Island, New Zealand"
616:
Volcanic
Hazards at Mayor Island. : Ministry of Civil Defence. Volcanic Hazards Information Series 6.
670:"Introduction to Tephra-Derived Soils and Farming, Waikato-Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand"
1046:
532:
259:
642:
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8:
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354:. The most recent lava flows have been dated at between 500 and 1,000 years old.
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New
Zealand Hydrographic Chart Number 541: Mayor Island to Town Point (Okurei Point)
474:
called it Mayor Island when he sighted it on 3 November 1769, in recognition of the
40:
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patterns has been found in the
Auckland area where it is up to 7 cm thick, at
327:
711:
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610:
Houghton, B.F.; Wilson, J. N. C; Weaver, S.D.; Lanphere, M.A.; Barclay, J (1995).
486:
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495:(the indigenous people of New Zealand) partly because of the presence of black
368:
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1006:, by B.F. Houghton, C.J.N. Wilson, S.D. Weaver, M.A. Lanphere, and J. Barclay.
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863:"Matakawau Stingray Point Pa Excavation, Ahuahu Great Mercury Island 1955–56"
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sites are known on the island, the final of which was inhabited until 1901.
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631:"Evolution of a quaternary peralkaline volcano: Mayor Island, New Zealand"
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Houghton, Bruce F.; Weaver, S.D.; Wilson, J. N.; Lanphere, M.A. (1992).
52:
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800:"An assessment of volcanic risk on and from Mayor Island, New Zealand"
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volcano and has exhibited a wide range of eruptive styles, including
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may be found on the island's northern side, and there are two small
496:
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315:
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The area of the Bay of Plenty around the island is renowned for
834:
He Reo Wahine: Maori Women's Voices from the
Nineteenth Century
520:
318:
formed in explosive eruptions 36,000 and 6,340 years ago.
276:
264:
628:
609:
692:
693:
Manighetti, B.; Palmer, A.; Eden, D.; Elliot, M. (2003).
453:
The island would likely be sterilised in a typical major
1014:
There is a comprehensive article on Mayor Island in the
575:, Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
535:
tracks around the island, and it is also popular with
831:
Paterson, Lachy; Wanhalla, Angela (21 August 2017).
738:
590:
National
Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
739:Shane, Phil; Sikes, E.L.; Guilderson, T.P. (2006).
1023:
830:
688:
686:
684:
682:
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745:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
635:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
244:. It lies 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of
804:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
699:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
679:
861:; Emmitt, Joshua; Wallace, Roderick (2017).
109:
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248:and covers 13 km (5 sq mi).
32:
293:Approximately 18,000 years ago during the
51:
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478:to be held in London a few days later.
1024:
1010:Global Volcanism Program: Mayor Island
510:
1067:Volcanoes of the Bay of Plenty Region
919:"Tūhua (Mayor Island) Marine Reserve"
777:
503:had been sourced from Tūhua. Several
378:Mayor Island tephras and their dates
797:
491:The island is considered special by
1032:Islands of the Bay of Plenty Region
578:
326:Mayor Island is characterised as a
314:. These lie within two overlapping
13:
668:Lowe, D. J.; Balks, M. R. (2019).
57:Mayor Island / Tūhua as seen from
14:
1088:
986:
1018:, number 3, July–September 1989.
992:
778:Loame, Remedy Charlotte (2016).
757:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.021
554:List of volcanoes in New Zealand
283:(lighter shades of violet), and
188:13 km (5.0 sq mi)
108:
101:
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1057:Volcanic islands of New Zealand
1037:Shield volcanoes of New Zealand
1016:New Zealand Geographic Magazine
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932:
911:
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868:Records of the Auckland Museum
817:10.1080/00288306.1985.10422227
622:
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549:List of islands of New Zealand
1:
837:. Auckland University Press.
712:10.1080/00288306.2003.9515031
559:
1062:Polygenetic shield volcanoes
1000:travel guide from Wikivoyage
655:10.1016/0377-0273(92)90124-V
251:
7:
542:
362:up to 10 cm thick and
141:Bay of Plenty, North Island
10:
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16:New Zealand shield volcano
386:Date before present (ka)
338:explosions, extrusion of
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196:355 m (1165 ft)
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976:15 February 2016 at the
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122:Show map of North Island
1042:Calderas of New Zealand
240:coast of New Zealand's
92:Show map of New Zealand
940:"Tuhua (Mayor Island)"
881:10.32912/RAM.2018.52.3
612:"Mayor Island Geology"
193:Highest elevation
33:
1052:Volcanic crater lakes
1072:Pleistocene calderas
1004:Mayor Island Geology
501:Great Mercury Island
295:Last Glacial Maximum
230:Mayor Island / Tūhua
116:Mayor Island / Tūhua
86:Mayor Island / Tūhua
24:Mayor Island / Tūhua
998:Diving Mayor Island
798:Buck, M.D. (1985).
647:1992JVGR...51..217H
511:Uses and recreation
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165: /
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169:37.283°S 176.250°E
23:
1077:Holocene calderas
844:978-1-77558-927-3
586:"Estuary origins"
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415:M4 (Mayor Island)
364:Lake Waikaremoana
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483:Ngāti Whakaue
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30:Native name:
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943:. Retrieved
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593:. Retrieved
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517:game fishing
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346:explosions,
325:
304:crater lakes
291:
242:North Island
229:
228:
215:Demographics
207:
20:
18:
525:mako sharks
455:pyroclastic
336:Strombolian
328:peralkaline
300:Hot springs
269:monogenetic
208:New Zealand
172: /
148:Coordinates
1026:Categories
905:Q104815050
595:3 November
560:References
472:James Cook
439:M7 (Tuhua)
352:ignimbrite
350:falls and
340:lava domes
312:Black Lake
308:Green Lake
281:ignimbrite
279:- purple,
220:Population
945:27 August
924:27 August
889:1174-9202
875:: 39–57.
787:(Thesis).
765:0377-0273
721:131253941
529:swordfish
267:- brown,
252:Geography
132:Geography
974:Archived
901:Wikidata
897:90016661
543:See also
533:tramping
497:obsidian
470:Captain
460:Tauranga
316:calderas
285:plutonic
273:andesite
246:Tauranga
160:176°15′E
137:Location
643:Bibcode
618:: 1–23.
519:, with
466:History
402:<50
394:>50
360:Rotorua
348:Plinian
322:Geology
287:- gray.
275:- red,
157:37°17′S
971:Census
960:Places
903:
895:
887:
841:
763:
719:
537:divers
527:, and
521:marlin
277:dacite
265:basalt
260:Mōtītī
37:
893:JSTOR
785:(PDF)
717:S2CID
673:(PDF)
493:Māori
449:Risks
434:14.2
426:22.2
418:37.4
410:40.5
41:Māori
34:Tūhua
947:2022
926:2022
885:ISSN
839:ISBN
761:ISSN
597:2021
481:The
310:and
185:Area
877:doi
812:doi
753:doi
749:154
707:doi
651:doi
1028::
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891:.
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873:52
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808:28
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802:.
759:.
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743:.
729:^
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703:46
701:.
697:.
681:^
649:.
639:51
637:.
633:.
614:.
588:.
523:,
505:pa
442:7
423:M5
407:M3
399:M2
391:M1
371:.
342:,
334:,
306:,
949:.
928:.
907:.
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847:.
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814::
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223:4
43:)
39:(
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