31:
163:
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159:, that grow large enough to rise through the magma column, bursting near the top due to the decrease in pressure and throwing magma into the air. Each episode thus releases volcanic gases, sometimes as frequently as a few minutes apart. Gas slugs can form as deep as 3 kilometers, making them difficult to predict.
206:
210:
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205:
211:
208:
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Carracedo, Juan C.; Troll, Valentin R.; Day, James M. D.; Geiger, Harri; Aulinas, Meritxell; Soler, Vicente; Deegan, Frances M.; Perez-Torrado, Francisco J.; Gisbert, Guillem; Gazel, Esteban; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Alejandro; Albert, Helena (2022).
124:
typically glows red when leaving the vent, but its surface cools and assumes a dark to black colour and may significantly solidify before impact. The tephra accumulates in the vicinity of the vent, forming a
207:
173:
Strombolian eruptive activity can be very long-lasting because the conduit system is not strongly affected by the eruptive activity, so that the eruptive system can repeatedly reset itself.
196:
The most energetic
Strombolian eruptions are sometimes termed "Violent Strombolian" by volcanologists. Such eruptions are associated with higher magma gas content, leading to a turbulent
325:
Burton, Mike; Allard, Patrick; Muré, Filippo; Spina, Alessandro La (13 July 2007). "Magmatic Gas
Composition Reveals the Source Depth of Slug-Driven Strombolian Explosive Activity".
786:
Papers with abstracts, images, and PDFs of modelling of
Strombolian (explosive) volcano for computer graphics (CG) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The main entrance page is
283:
Newhall, Christopher G.; Self, Stephen (20 February 1982). "The
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): An Estimate of Explosive Magnitude for Historical Volcanism".
109:, to altitudes of tens to a few hundreds of metres. The eruptions are small to medium in volume, with sporadic violence. This type of eruption is named for the
815:
188:
itself has been producing
Strombolian eruptions for over two thousand years. The Romans referred to Stromboli as the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean".
566:
Presa, Leticia; Rosado, Santiago; Peña, Christian; MartĂn, Domingo
Alfonso; Costafreda, Jorge Luis; Astudillo, Beatriz; Parra, José Luis (2023).
808:
638:
801:
247:
773:
407:"Infrasound reveals transition to oscillatory discharge regime during lava fountaining: Implication for early warning"
377:
568:"Volcanic Ash from the Island of La Palma, Spain: An Experimental Study to Establish Their Properties as Pozzolans"
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several kilometres in height, and heavy ash fallout. Rarely, Violent
Strombolian eruptions may transition into
659:
Pioli, Laura; Palmas, Marco; Behncke, Boris; De Beni, Emanuela; Cantarero, Massimo; Scollo, Simona (2022).
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17:
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Violent
Strombolian eruptions are more explosive in nature than their regular counterparts (up to
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462:"Ash fallout scenarios at Vesuvius: Numerical simulations and implications for hazard assessment"
406:
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8:
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720:"Persistent activity and violent strombolian eruptions at Vesuvius between 1631 and 1944"
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Scandone, Roberto; Giacomelli, Lisetta; Speranza, Francesca
Fattori (2008-03-10).
510:"The 2021 eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcanic ridge on La Palma, Canary Islands"
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184:, Antarctica has produced Strombolian eruptions for at least many decades, and
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regime in the conduit, producing stronger and much more frequent explosions.
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Monogenetic cones usually erupt in the
Strombolian style. For example, the
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3), and may produce sustained lava fountains, long distance lava flows,
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Ulivieri, Giacomo; Ripepe, Maurizio; Marchetti, Emanuele (2013-06-28).
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of 1 or 2. Strombolian eruptions consist of ejection of incandescent
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Examples of Violent Strombolian activity include the paroxysms of
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Type of volcanic eruption with relatively mild explosive intensity
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Cioni, Raffaello; Pistolesi, Marco; Rosi, Mauro (2015-01-01),
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67:
468:. Evaluating Explosive Eruption Risk at European Volcanoes.
144:, and therefore shorter and thicker, than the corresponding
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148:; it may or may not be accompanied by production of
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129:. Cinder is the most common product; the amount of
661:"Quantifying Strombolian Activity at Etna Volcano"
606:
460:Macedonio, G.; Costa, A.; Folch, A. (2008-12-20).
960:
180:volcano erupted continuously between 1943–1952,
93:with relatively mild blasts, typically having a
823:
615:, Amsterdam: Academic Press, pp. 519–535,
609:"Chapter 29 - Plinian and Subplinian Eruptions"
378:"Volcanoes belch 'slugs' from deep underground"
155:Instead the gas coalesces into bubbles, called
724:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
613:The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (Second Edition)
466:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
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769:explanation with photos on academic site
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34:A diagram of a strombolian eruption: 1:
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774:comparison of volcanic blast types
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25:
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611:, in Sigurdsson, Haraldur (ed.),
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744:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.014
486:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.08.014
58:, 7: layers of lava and ash, 8:
784:Modelling of Volcano for CG/CFD
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380:. Cosmos online. Archived from
376:Clarke, Hamish (13 July 2007).
285:Journal of Geophysical Research
652:
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369:
13:
1:
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411:Geophysical Research Letters
242:, the 1943-1952 eruption of
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825:Types of volcanic eruptions
686:10.3390/geosciences12040163
264:Types of volcanic eruptions
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250:, and various eruptions of
133:is typically rather minor.
10:
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95:Volcanic Explosivity Index
915:
897:
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347:10.1126/science.1141900
305:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231
254:between 1631 and 1944.
220:
170:
166:A typical eruption of
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969:Strombolian eruptions
916:Other classifications
248:Cumbre Vieja eruption
214:
165:
33:
233:Subplinian eruptions
87:Strombolian eruption
779:USGS Photo Glossary
736:2008JVGR..170..167S
677:2022Geosc..12..163P
526:2022GeolT..38...94C
478:2008JVGR..178..366M
423:2013GeoRL..40.3008U
339:2007Sci...317..227B
297:1982JGR....87.1231N
192:Violent Strombolian
585:10.3390/pr11030657
221:
171:
146:Hawaiian eruptions
79:
956:
955:
640:978-0-12-385938-9
534:10.1111/gto.12388
431:10.1002/grl.50592
417:(12): 3008–3013.
333:(5835): 227–230.
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91:volcanic eruption
16:(Redirected from
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140:flows are more
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763:External links
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107:volcanic bombs
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520:(3): 94–107.
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514:Geology Today
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384:on 2007-07-17
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89:is a type of
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72:magma chamber
70:conduit, 11:
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52:volcanic bomb
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48:lava fountain
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37:
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696:11584/332349
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644:, retrieved
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386:. Retrieved
382:the original
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330:
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291:(C2): 1232.
288:
284:
278:
252:Mt. Vesuvius
237:
222:
215:Paroxysm of
195:
182:Mount Erebus
175:
172:
154:
135:
131:volcanic ash
119:
86:
80:
44:volcanic ash
856:Strombolian
665:Geosciences
246:, the 2021
127:cinder cone
83:volcanology
18:Strombolian
879:Subglacial
671:(4): 163.
646:2024-01-08
578:(3): 657.
388:2007-07-17
270:References
198:churn flow
948:Subaerial
928:Explosive
889:Surtseyan
884:Submarine
861:Vulcanian
752:0377-0273
705:2076-3263
594:2227-9717
572:Processes
550:246950800
542:0266-6979
494:0377-0273
447:128657596
439:0094-8276
244:ParĂcutin
186:Stromboli
178:ParĂcutin
168:Stromboli
157:gas slugs
115:Stromboli
56:lava flow
46:fall, 4:
36:ash plume
963:Category
923:Effusive
907:Phreatic
899:Phreatic
841:Hawaiian
833:Magmatic
363:23123305
355:17626881
258:See also
240:Mt. Etna
217:Mt. Etna
113:volcano
938:Lateral
851:Plinian
732:Bibcode
673:Bibcode
522:Bibcode
474:Bibcode
419:Bibcode
335:Bibcode
327:Science
293:Bibcode
219:in 2013
142:viscous
111:Italian
103:lapilli
99:cinders
60:stratum
40:lapilli
943:Limnic
846:Peléan
750:
703:
637:
592:
548:
540:
492:
445:
437:
361:
353:
122:tephra
105:, and
74:, 12:
66:, 10:
933:Flank
546:S2CID
443:S2CID
359:S2CID
68:magma
62:, 9:
54:, 6:
50:, 5:
42:, 3:
38:, 2:
788:here
748:ISSN
701:ISSN
635:ISBN
590:ISSN
538:ISSN
490:ISSN
435:ISSN
351:PMID
138:lava
136:The
120:The
85:, a
76:sill
64:dike
740:doi
728:170
691:hdl
681:doi
625:hdl
617:doi
580:doi
530:doi
482:doi
470:178
427:doi
343:doi
331:317
301:doi
235:.
225:VEI
81:In
965::
746:.
738:.
726:.
722:.
699:.
689:.
679:.
669:12
667:.
663:.
633:,
623:,
588:.
576:11
574:.
570:.
558:^
544:.
536:.
528:.
518:38
516:.
512:.
488:.
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464:.
441:.
433:.
425:.
415:40
413:.
409:.
397:^
357:.
349:.
341:.
329:.
313:^
299:.
289:87
287:.
152:.
117:.
101:,
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20:)
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