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55:
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But after experimenting with different crops, settlers found success with dairy production. Dairy factories sprang up across the Bay of Plenty in the 1900s, with butter and cheese feeding economic prosperity throughout the early 20th century; local Māori continued to live on the fringe of this prosperity. Timber also became a major export in the 1950s, as kiwifruit did later.
690:
Confiscation of Māori land deprived local iwi of economic resources (among other things), and also provided land for expanding
European settlement. The government established fortified positions, including at Tauranga, Whakatāne and Ōpōtiki. European settlers arrived throughout the latter half of the
703:
following the nationwide dissolution of the provincial system. Initial settlements in the region struggled: the climate was ill-suited to sheep farming and the geography was inaccessible, further hindered by a lack of infrastructure. By the end of the century the population had started to dwindle.
489:
Whakaari / White Island is roughly circular, about 2 km (1.2 mi) in diameter, and rises to a height of 321 m (1,053 ft) above sea level. It covers an area of approximately 325 ha (800 acres). The exposed island is only the peak of a much larger
725:
occurred on
Whakaari / White Island at 14:11 on 9 December 2019, which resulted in twenty fatalities and twenty-seven injuries, most suffering severe burns. Forty-seven people were reportedly on the island when it erupted. A second eruption closely followed the first.
648:. However, the 1830s and 1840s saw increased contact between Bay of Plenty Māori and Europeans through trade, although few Europeans settled in the region. Missionary activity in the region also increased during this time. In 1853, New Zealand was subdivided into
663:. Initially this stemmed from Tauranga iwi supporting the Waikato iwi in their conflict with the government. In retaliation, British Crown and government-allied Māori forces attacked the Tauranga iwi, including at the famous Battle of
494:, which rises up to 1,600 m (5,249 ft) above the nearby seafloor. Sulphur was mined on the island until the 1930s. Ten miners were killed in 1914 when part of the crater wall collapsed.
478:, as well as in 2012, 2016, and 2019. The latter of these resulted in 22 deaths and 25 serious injuries, primarily of tourists from a nearby cruise ship who were exploring the island at the time.
397:
is defined as sandy coast, while the coast from Opape to Cape
Runaway is rocky shore. Sizeable harbours are located at Tauranga, Whakatāne and Ohiwa. Major estuaries include
968:
84:
269:
863:
277:
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in 1769. Whakaari erupted continually from
December 1975 until September 2000, marking the world's longest historic eruption episode, according to
1019:
1123:
389:
The bay is defined by 259 kilometres (161 mi) of open coastline used for economic, recreational and cultural purposes. The coastline from
633:
further back along the eastern coast of the North Island. Further reports of
European contact are scarce prior to the arrival of missionary
735:
644:
invaded the Bay of Plenty during their campaign throughout the North Island, fighting local Māori tribes in what became known as the
1128:
900:
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sailed through the Bay of Plenty in 1769. Cook noted the abundance of food supplies, in comparison to
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259:
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to the
Tauranga area in 1814. Bay whaling stations operated in the bay during the 19th century.
239:
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481:
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tribes. Early Māori settlement also gave rise to many of the town and city names used today.
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in 1864. Further conflict with the government arose in 1865 when German missionary
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409:. Eight major rivers empty into the bay from inland catchments, including the
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833:. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 412.
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villages there, in stark contrast to observations he had made earlier in
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and the
Rangitaiki area. In 1876, settlements were incorporated into
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Mullan, Brett; Tait, Andrew; Thompson, Craig (21 September 2007).
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and Whakatāne, respectively. The ensuing conflict resulted in the
67:(foreground) is one of eight major rivers that empty into the bay.
708:
696:
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Conflict returned to the Bay of Plenty during the 1860s with the
375:
209:
719:, described as New Zealand's worst ever environmental disaster.
466:. The island has been in a nearly continuous stage of releasing
398:
526:
that brought Māori settlers to New
Zealand. These include the
359:
in 1769 when he noticed the abundant food supplies at several
355:, an early ancestor, the name 'Bay of Plenty' was bestowed by
394:
21:
This article is about the body of water. For the region, see
671:
and interpreter James
Fulloon were killed by local Māori at
562:
557:
1022:. Maritime New Zealand. 5 October 2011. Archived from
444:
The bay contains numerous islands, notably the active
829:
Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980).
522:, the Bay of Plenty was the landing point of several
335:. It stretches 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the
510:
climate, with warm, humid summers and mild winters.
640:During the 1820s and 1830s, northern iwi including
679:from several Bay of Plenty iwi by the government.
1110:
77:
1048:. Costamare Inc. 7 October 2011. Archived from
828:
625:The first recorded European contact came when
822:
949:Sealers & whalers in New Zealand waters
784:. Environment Bay of Plenty. Archived from
758:. Environment Bay of Plenty. Archived from
736:List of schools in the Bay of Plenty Region
652:, with the Bay of Plenty incorporated into
36:
691:19th century, establishing settlements in
1105:in Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
847:
748:
915:
901:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
893:
860:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
681:
480:
454:. Whakaari is New Zealand's most active
401:, Little Waihi, Whakatāne, Waiotahe and
374:
971:. Tourism Bay of Plenty. Archived from
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
774:
1111:
1064:
560:maintain their traditional homelands (
1124:Landforms of the Bay of Plenty Region
987:
878:
1072:"Worst ever environmental disaster"
1020:"Tauranga incident response update"
1012:
894:McKinnon, Malcolm (1 August 2016).
347:(the Ocean of Toitehuatahi) in the
13:
951:, Auckland, Reed Methuen, p. 150.
866:from the original on 11 April 2008
14:
1140:
1096:
677:confiscation of considerable land
470:at least since it was sighted by
610:(the Ocean of Toitehuatahi), or
53:
1129:Whaling stations in New Zealand
1038:
556:canoes. Many of the descendent
123:for an abundance of resources;
961:
941:
929:. Land Information New Zealand
800:
1:
741:
831:Natural Wonders of the World
370:
327:along the northern coast of
59:The Bay of Plenty seen from
7:
729:
618:, an early ancestor of the
566:) in the region, including
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1145:
513:
497:
485:Bay of Plenty at Maunganui
20:
999:New Zealand Tourism Guide
923:"Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi"
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229:
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134:
115:
76:
72:
52:
35:
30:
502:The Bay of Plenty has a
995:"Bay of Plenty History"
707:On 5 October 2011, the
608:Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi
452:Whakaari / White Island
380:Whakaari / White Island
345:Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi
321:Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi
260:Whakaari / White Island
38:Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi
1077:The New Zealand Herald
1046:"M/V Rena Information"
896:"Bay of Plenty region"
687:
606:. Māori named the bay
486:
386:
320:
248:Motunau / Plate Island
37:
927:New Zealand Gazetteer
715:in the bay causing a
685:
484:
378:
343:in the east. Called
337:Coromandel Peninsula
240:Mayor Island / Tūhua
23:Bay of Plenty Region
1119:Bays of New Zealand
788:on 18 February 2008
723:A volcanic eruption
711:ran aground on the
518:According to local
266:Sections/sub-basins
96: /
1026:on 18 October 2011
975:on 7 February 2012
947:Don Grady (1986),
856:"Regional Climate"
762:on 16 January 2008
688:
568:Te Whānau-ā-Apanui
487:
387:
270:Whangamatā Harbour
127:name in honour of
100:37.667°S 177.000°E
16:Bay of New Zealand
1080:. 11 October 2011
840:978-0-89577-087-5
654:Auckland Province
614:for short, after
492:submarine volcano
384:Te Paepae o Aotea
309:
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256:Te Paepae o Aotea
210:Ocean/sea sources
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661:New Zealand Wars
588:Ngāti Tūwharetoa
524:migration canoes
520:Māori traditions
274:Tauranga Harbour
252:Moutohora Island
211:
171:Rangitaiki River
147:Haparapara River
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105:-37.667; 177.000
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1052:on 20 July 2012
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717:large oil spill
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393:in the west to
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339:in the west to
222: countries
203:Wharekawa River
199:Wentworth River
191:Aongatete River
167:Whakatane River
139:Raukokore River
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65:Whakatāne River
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1097:External links
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612:Te Moana-a-Toi
600:Ngāti Ranginui
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969:"Our History"
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31:Bay of Plenty
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1082:. Retrieved
1075:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:the original
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
989:
977:. Retrieved
973:the original
963:
948:
943:
931:. Retrieved
926:
917:
905:. Retrieved
899:
868:. Retrieved
849:
830:
824:
812:. Retrieved
802:
790:. Retrieved
786:the original
782:"Our Region"
776:
764:. Retrieved
760:the original
750:
721:
706:
689:
669:Carl Völkner
658:
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611:
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590:ki Kawerau,
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468:volcanic gas
456:cone volcano
443:
388:
344:
341:Cape Runaway
333:North Island
312:
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187:Wainui River
183:Wairoa River
18:
979:25 February
933:2 September
907:2 September
814:30 December
756:"Our Coast"
646:Musket Wars
631:Poverty Bay
391:Waihi Beach
365:Poverty Bay
329:New Zealand
292:Waihi Beach
284:Settlements
225:New Zealand
195:Otahu River
155:Hawai River
143:Kereu River
103: /
78:Coordinates
1113:Categories
1084:11 October
1056:12 October
1030:13 October
1004:10 October
742:References
627:James Cook
580:Ngāi Tūhoe
472:James Cook
423:Rangitaiki
357:James Cook
288:Whangamatā
151:Motu River
121:James Cook
650:provinces
584:Ngāti Awa
504:temperate
460:Whakatāne
439:Raukokore
427:Whakatane
371:Geography
300:Whakatāne
119:Named by
116:Etymology
61:Whakatāne
864:Archived
810:. GeoNet
730:See also
701:counties
693:Katikati
642:Ngā Puhi
620:Mātaatua
592:Te Arawa
576:Ngāi Tai
541:Tākitimu
535:Nukutere
529:Mātaatua
508:maritime
464:Tauranga
446:andesite
441:rivers.
419:Tarawera
296:Tauranga
91:177°00′E
870:7 March
792:3 March
766:3 March
709:MV Rena
697:Te Puke
673:Ōpōtiki
665:Gate Pā
514:History
498:Climate
431:Waioeka
415:Kaituna
403:Waioeka
304:Ōpōtiki
235:Islands
88:37°40′S
955:
837:
553:Tainui
476:GeoNet
411:Wairoa
399:Maketu
351:after
63:. The
41:
547:Arawa
407:Ōtara
395:Opape
361:Māori
325:bight
317:Māori
220:Basin
125:Māori
45:Māori
1086:2011
1058:2011
1032:2011
1006:2011
981:2008
953:ISBN
935:2024
909:2024
872:2008
835:ISBN
816:2012
794:2008
768:2008
602:and
563:rohe
550:and
462:and
437:and
435:Motu
382:and
311:The
558:iwi
331:'s
1115::
1074:.
997:.
925:.
898:.
880:^
862:.
858:.
695:,
656:.
598:,
594:,
586:,
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1008:.
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315:(
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43:(
25:.
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