Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003

1705:, described the weather pattern over the U.S. as "synoptically evident" for severe weather on May 10. A powerful shortwave trough was forecast to move out of the southwestern U.S. into the southern Great Plains during the day, dragging along a portion of the jet stream with winds exceeding 100 kn (120 mph; 190 km/h). The approach of this jet stream was expected to increase the divergence of air aloft, leading to the cyclogenesis of a low-pressure area over the central Mississippi Valley that would track northeast towards the Great Lakes. This weather pattern would lead to the low-pressure system and its associated frontal boundaries moving through an unstable air mass exhibiting wind shear as high as 91 kn (105 mph; 169 km/h), leading to a potentially significant outbreak of severe weather. While the SPC initially indicated a Moderate Risk of severe weather for the day for an area centered on the central Mississippi Valley, a High Risk was later delineated for parts of northeastern Missouri and central Illinois in the agency's 13:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. CDT) forecast update as the potential for strong tornadoes became increasingly evident. 1559:

wake of the storms that moved through West Virginia, and additional storms continued to form in the region through the afternoon and evening in the vicinity of a well-defined warm front. Further convective activity developed in southeastern Missouri and southern Illinois during the afternoon as CAPE values reached over 4000 J/kg, indicative of a highly unstable atmosphere. The storms over Texas and Oklahoma were initially transient but became more sustained as a weak shortwave trough began to traverse the region. More thunderstorms developed along the dry line by the late afternoon over Texas and Oklahoma with conditions remaining favorable for the formation of supercells, including surface temperatures above 90 °F (32 °C) and dew points above 70 °F (21 °C). The air mass to the east of the dry line was also becoming exceptionally unstable; by 23:05 UTC (6:05 p.m. CDT), three tornado watches were in effect along a band from North Texas and central Indiana.

785:. The SPC expected that both the warm front and the dry line would serve as a focus for storm development as the storm system evolved. The rapid development of storms just north of the low pressure system and the increasingly conducive conditions available to these storms led the SPC to issue their first tornado watch of the day at 16:40 UTC (11:40 a.m. CDT) for parts of northeastern Kansas and south-central and southeastern Nebraska. Roughly an hour later, additional tornado watches—all classified as Particularly Dangerous Situations—were issued for parts of Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma ahead of an emerging line of towering cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds spanning from southeastern Nebraska to northeastern Kansas. As the low pressure system intensified—its central pressure falling 6.6 mbar (6.6 hPa; 0.19 inHg) in 2 hours—conditions continued to become more favorable for the formation of strong tornadoes. 1917:. The lack of storm activity despite otherwise conducive atmospheric conditions may have been caused by subsiding air in the mid-levels of the troposphere over the region as a result of convergent winds aloft, limiting the coverage and depth of thunderstorms. The lack of strong thermal gradients where instability was highest also contributed to the lack of severe weather. While the storms that produced the two tornadoes exhibited strong rotation, most storms on May 11 did not produce any substantial severe weather. Unlike in previous days, the day also featured a strong cold front that swept across the U.S., displacing the moist and unstable air mass that had remained over the central and eastern U.S. After May 11, the development of a ridge of high pressure over the Rocky Mountains—as opposed to the persistence of low pressure over the western U.S. in previous days—precipitated the end of the period of severe weather that began on May 3. 926:. The SPC predicted May 5 would be another active day for severe weather, projecting a Moderate Risk of severe weather a day in advance before projecting a High Risk at 16:30 UTC (11:30 a.m. CDT) on May 5 for areas surrounding the border between Arkansas and Louisiana; the anticipated overlap of 50–55 kn (58–63 mph; 93–102 km/h) wind shear and CAPE exceeding 3000 J/kg was cited as contributing factors to the day's anticipated supercell development and consequential high risk for severe weather. The forecast high risk region was later shifted towards the Tennessee Valley following the increase of air divergence and the persistence of wind shear and atmospheric instability in that area. The principal weather features on May 5 included a longwave trough centered over the western U.S., a powerful upper-tropospheric trough over the Mississippi Valley, and a cyclone over Iowa tracking northeastwards towards 1102:. Atmospheric conditions were becoming progressively supportive of severe weather as a low-pressure area strengthened along the Kansas–Oklahoma border; a line of severe thunderstorms soon developed along a warm front over Missouri appended to the low-pressure system as a new line of storms arose to the south over northeastern Oklahoma. The thunderstorms over Missouri evolved into a strong cluster of supercells by 22:40 UTC (5:40 p.m. CDT) and were moving east-southeast into an area centered over southern Illinois with CAPE values near 2500 J/kg and dew points near 70 °F (21 °C). These storms persisted into western Kentucky after nightfall, advancing on the leading edge of a localized pool of high air pressure and cold air. There were 24 tornadoes in Missouri, 9 in Illinois, and 9 in Kentucky between 21 and 05 UTC (4 p.m.–12:00 a.m. CDT), including an F3 tornado that struck 3656: 1728:. Isolated supercells later developed in the morning over central Illinois and western Indiana, aided by strong winds in the mid-levels of the troposphere and strong wind shear in the lower-levels of the troposphere. Eight tornadoes touched down in Illinois and Indiana between 12 and 17 UTC (7 a.m.–12 p.m. CDT); the strongest of these tornadoes was rated F1. The complex of storms also enhanced the advection of warm air downrange farther east, bolstering the development of thunderstorms farther east by destabilizing the local air mass. This favorable environment for rising air continued to spread east in tandem with a shortwave trough tracking across the Ohio Valley, extending conducive conditions for thunderstorm development eastward to Virginia and North Carolina in the early afternoon. An F3 tornado tracked 25 mi (40 km) across 967:

remained in place within the SPC's High Risk region, suppressing the development of storms. Farther east, a mesoscale convective system formed over Mississippi during the evening within an energetic environment supportive of strong updrafts; however, the cluster of thunderstorms weakened after 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT) as air pressures increased, resulting in a diminished threat for severe weather. The SPC no longer depicted a high risk of severe weather in their 01:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. CDT) convective outlook, showing at most a moderate risk for severe weather for northern Mississippi and surrounding areas. Overnight, a front extending from eastern Michigan to eastern Oklahoma and an outflow boundary extending from southeastern Arkansas towards Georgia were the primary foci for thunderstorm growth.

1035: 499: 427:, a type of watch reserved for the most life-threatening events. The issuance of such watches resulted in an average lead-time of 2 hours and 3 minutes for fatal tornadoes. Seven of the eight fatal tornadoes occurred within a high-risk outlook area, with the eighth just outside in a moderate-risk area. An average of 12 watches were issued each day; May 6, 8, and 10 saw more than 20 each. Watches were continuously in effect from 16:40 UTC on May 4 through 12:00 UTC on May 9. May 6 saw the greatest number of advisories with a record 921 warnings. The SPC and the National Weather Services offices in Kansas City, Springfield, Memphis, Paducah, and Oklahoma City received a letter of praise signed by 11 members of the 2003: 2956: 3267: 283:. Additional tornadoes were produced by the same storm systems from May 3 to May 11, producing 363 tornadoes overall, of which 62 were significant. Six of the tornadoes were rated F4, and of these four occurred on May 4, the most prolific day of the tornado outbreak sequence; these were the outbreak's strongest tornadoes. Damage caused by the severe weather and associated flooding amounted to US$ 4.1 billion (US$ 5.8 billion in 2016), making it the costliest U.S. tornado outbreak of the 2000s. A total of 50 deaths and 713 injuries were caused by the severe weather, with a majority caused by tornadoes; the deadliest tornado was an F4 that struck 3480: 1712:. Strong 50–60 kn (58–69 mph; 93–111 km/h) winds aloft brought warm and moist air into the region, leading to enhanced convergence of air and fueling thunderstorm development along the warm front. Some of these storms acquired supercell characteristics. The intense supercell that had produced the tornadoes in Oklahoma the previous day continued into May 10, accompanied by dew points above 70 °F (21 °C) and a moderately unstable environment characterized by CAPE values between 2500 and 3000 J/kg; the storm spawned a final F1 tornado in Creek County at 05:25 UTC (12:25 a.m. CDT) before dissipating. Another pair of F0 tornadoes occurred in 1190:. At the time, a large mesoscale convective system, formed from the merger of supercells and other storms, was producing torrential rainfall over Tennessee and Kentucky with rain rates of 2–3 in (51–76 mm) per hour. Another complex of severe thunderstorms ahead of a cold front advanced across the Ark-La-Tex region after 07:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. CDT) with high wind shear in place; four tornadoes occurred in the region between 5–11 UTC (12–6 a.m. CDT). These storms continued to move east through an unstable environment, with a nearby outflow boundary producing enhanced vorticity supportive of tornado development; crossing several states, the storms reached the 1300: 3468: 1905:

14 UTC (10 a.m. EDT). By 14:30 UTC (10:30 a.m. EDT), clearing skies ahead of an advancing cold front led to rapid destabilization of the air mass over eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, western New York, and northern West Virginia, with CAPE values reaching 1000–2000 J/kg amid dew points nearing 70 °F (21 °C). The SPC issued a tornado watch an hour later for this destabilizing region. Another tornado watch, tagged as a Particularly Dangerous Situation, was issued by the SPC at 17:50 UTC (1:50 p.m. EDT) for central New York and central and eastern Pennsylvania as showers began to increase ahead of the approaching cold front.

1370:, though the stronger capping inversion farther south meant more widespread severe activity was less likely. The SPC issued a tornado watch for northeastern Colorado, northwestern Kansas, and southwestern Nebraska at 18:30 UTC (12:30 p.m. MDT), followed by a second tornado watch for areas along the dry line in south-central Kansas and central Oklahoma at 18:35 UTC (1:35 p.m. CDT). A third tornado watch was issued for northern Kansas and southern Nebraska at 18:50 UTC (1:50 p.m. CDT) and the air mass overhead became increasingly unstable with CAPE values over 3000 J/kg ahead of a developing low-pressure area in the vicinity of 833:

Arkansas, Missouri, and Tennessee as the tornado outbreak remained in progress and tornado-producing supercells persisted into the overnight hours, outlining that "a dangerous tornado situation developing along the warm front" between northeastern Arkansas and western Tennessee and that any developing storms would rapidly assume supercell characteristics. Southerly winds had continued to bring tropical air into the region, raising surface temperatures to near 80 °F (27 °C) and bringing dew points above 70 °F (21 °C) by 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT). Storms that had initially formed over northeastern Arkansas and the

312: 1686: 2492:. In the city, 350 structures were demolished while an additional 650 received major damage. Numerous vehicles were flipped and tossed, including two cars from a local dealership which were blown approximately one block to the northeast of their original location. Damage was consistent with an upper-end F3 here. Three people died in Stockton: one man died after being struck by flying debris after his frame house was destroyed, one man died after being struck by flying debris after leaving his home during the tornado's approach, and one man died after refusing to seek shelter in his basement. Thirty-seven others were injured. 1312:

were expected to allow CAPE values to rise unstable levels of around 3000–4000 J/kg, and, when combined with strong southwesterly winds aloft, were forecast to produce an environment conducive to the development of supercell thunderstorms. The SPC initially projected a Moderate Risk of severe weather over the central Great Plains before raising a High Risk for severe weather on May 8 centered on the Kansas City area. A more conditional risk for severe weather was predicted along a dry line over the southern Great Plains due to the presence of a capping inversion that was forecast to limit the coverage of storms.

1386:, area produced conditions locally supportive of tornadogenesis. The first storms developing in this region initially failed to intensify as a result of the strong capping inversion overhead. However, these storms also caused the capping inversion to gradually diminish; the emergent storms became more sustained after 20:00 UTC (3:00 p.m. CDT). By the evening hours, a broken line of intense supercell thunderstorms were advancing east across eastern Kansas and Oklahoma within a moderately to highly unstable airmass as the pressure of the nearby cyclone deepened to 993 mbar (993 hPa; 29.3 inHg). 1054:. Winds in the mid-levels of the troposphere were similar to the situation on May 4, shaped once again by a strong storm system over the central and northern Great Plains and the overlap of fast southwesterly winds at altitude with moist air below. The persistence of 70 kn (81 mph; 130 km/h) winds in the mid-levels of the troposphere—resulting in strong wind shear—led to a maintained risk for tornadoes along an outflow boundary near the Tennessee Valley and along a warm front draped over Georgia and the Carolinas during the early morning hours of May 6. A line of severe thunderstorms with a 1765:

over Iowa. Isolated thunderstorms and towering cumulus clouds began to rapidly form along a dry line over central Oklahoma by around noon, with the local atmospheric conditions supportive of strong tornadoes. Additional supercell thunderstorms quickly emerged over Missouri and eastern Kansas over the next few hours, surrounding by an unstable air mass with CAPE values between 4000 and 5000 J/kg and high wind shear. Though wind shear was high enough to inhibit tornadogenesis, cyclical thunderstorm developments increased the odds of tornadogenesis as the storms tracked east.

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throughout much of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys as the low-pressure system over Iowa intensified. A strong cold front extending south-southwest from the low-pressure area to northwestern Texas was expected to be a catalyst for severe weather as it swept through a moderately unstable air mass with strong winds throughout much of the troposphere. Many of the thunderstorms active across the Mississippi Valley towards the end of May 10 began to coalesce into linear complexes of storms towards the end of the day. These storms continued into May 11, developing into a

1551: 1670: 12096: 11733: 11699: 11612: 11386: 11241: 11153: 11066: 11006: 10945: 10668: 10634: 10413: 10324: 9790: 9756: 9722: 9484: 9386: 1198:, that proved to be the only significant tornado during the day. The persistence of warm and moist air with the aid of daytime heating maintained the severe weather potential into the afternoon for the same areas. Fifteen tornadoes, all rated F0 or F1, touched down in Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, between 17–1 UTC (12–8 p.m. CDT); most of the day's tornado reports occurred in these states. Thunderstorms sustained over the area into the evening before the surrounding airmass stabilized, resulting in a weakening of the storms by midnight. 1741: 3343: 3100:, the Chattahoochee River rose to 23.2 ft (7.1 m), reaching its highest levels since 1961. The flooding washed out roads, damaged at least 200 residential buildings, and inundated numerous businesses. Two people were killed in the state as a result of the floods overtaking their vehicles. Much of Georgia was also impacted earlier by widespread severe weather on May 2, with large hail or wind damage reported in most counties beginning in the afternoon hours. The primary impacts transitioned from hail to strong 1341: 710: 2068: 2776: 2903: 1772:. Over the next seven hours, 38 tornadoes were documented across primarily rural areas of Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Most of these tornadoes were spawned by nine discrete supercells that formed after 19 UTC (2 p.m. CDT) in western Missouri and southeastern Kansas along the dry line. These afternoon and evening storms were also enhanced by the outflow boundary left behind by the morning storms over Missouri: the boundary created a strong 922:, Oklahoma, and Tennessee during the early morning hours of May 5 as conditions supported both the persistence of preexisting supercell thunderstorms and the development of new storms. Radar imagery indicated that the threat for severe weather had begun to diminish by around 09:00 UTC (4:00 a.m. CDT). Nonetheless, the potential for isolated tornadoes continued through the night in connection with a cluster supercell thunderstorms over 2256:. Overall, the F4 tornado killed two people and injured another thirty; one woman succumbed to her injuries seven months later. Communities in its path incurred a $ 47.5 million damage toll to property, of which $ 32 million occurred in Wyandotte County and $ 15.5 million occurred in Platte County. A total of 83 buildings were destroyed and another 582 sustained at least some degree of damage. 2599:), in Crawford County. Dramatic scouring of the ground was observed, homes were swept from their foundations, and heavy objects such as vehicles were tossed long distances (over 100 yards (90 m)). The NWS described the damage in this portion of the track as "high-end F4", though it is speculated that the tornado could have reached F5 intensity in this area. As it passed Ringo and entered the unincorporated town of 789: 1761:(11:30 a.m. CDT), the SPC expanded the High Risk region to include a wider swath from northeastern Oklahoma to Ohio as confidence increased in an afternoon and overnight tornado outbreak with strong to violent tornadoes materializing. As the area of low pressure over the central U.S. intensified, the air mass over eastern Kansas and western Missouri rapidly destabilized at around 17 UTC (12 p.m. CDT). 2911:

a child center and a Headstart Program building were either severely damaged or destroyed. The tornado also damaged numerous homes in the Highland Park subdivision which was mostly destroyed by the F5 tornado which passed just a few blocks north of the May 8, 2003, tornado. Other homes on the north side of the city also sustained significant damage before the tornado crossed the Cleveland-Oklahoma county line.

3714:, Holden remarked that the damage was "the worst I've seen from a tornado in several years," later noting in during his visit of Pierce City that the May 4 storms were "the most devastating series of tornadoes we've ever had in the state of Missouri." Emergency shelters were opened in Madison County, Tennessee as the county largely lost access to electricity and water following a May 4 tornado. The 11652: 816:. The diminishing of the capping inversion along the dry line that had prevented storm development earlier in the day led the SPC to issue a tornado watch at 20:00 UTC (3:00 p.m. CDT) for south-central and southeastern Oklahoma and north-central and northeast Texas. One supercell developed over northeastern Oklahoma and moved into southwestern Missouri, producing an F3 tornado that struck 2516: 390:

and May 10, 335 tornadoes developed across 26 states, setting a record for the most tornadoes ever documented over the course of a week. At least one significant tornado was reported daily across nine consecutive days, with at least a dozen tornadoes total occurring daily over the same timeframe. Due to the temporal expanse of the event, it was classified as a

722:. The 38 tornadoes confirmed in Missouri was the highest single-day total for the state and were more numerous than any previous month on record. The day's severe weather was largely driven by a powerful mid-tropospheric disturbance moving northeast across the central and northern Great Plains in tandem with an unusually strong area of low pressure over northeastern 3072: 1518:. The northward-traveling warm front spanning from North Carolina low-pressure area in eastern Nebraska and a dry line over Kansas and Oklahoma were expected to be foci for the day's severe weather; this same dry line led to the tornadoes in central Oklahoma on May 8 and had moved west. In the early morning hours, a large area of thunderstorms with high 934:

Supercell thunderstorms formed over the state within this environment by 16:00 UTC (9:00 .a.m. CDT) as temperatures rose above 80 °F (27 °C) and dew points eclipsed 70 °F (21 °C). Eight confirmed tornadoes touched down in Tennessee between 14 and 22 UTC (9 a.m. CDT). One of these tornadoes produced F3-rated damage near

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supercell that developed near the warm front in northern Alabama and produced several tornadoes. Ten tornadoes—all rated either F0 or F1—occurred in northern Alabama near the state border with Tennessee between 11 and 16 UTC (6-11 a.m. CDT) amid increasing wind shear. Additional severe thunderstorms in the morning became active over southern

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severe weather. At 01:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. CDT), the SPC noted that tornadic supercells and conditions conducive to severe weather remained present, though the main risk area shifted east towards the central Mississippi River valley. The final tornado of the day was an F0 tornado in that lifted at 03:04 UTC (10:04 p.m. CDT) in

1194:, area by around 1535 UTC (11:35 a.m. CDT). Additional storms continued to develop farther west over the same states as the surrounding air mass remained unstable with CAPE values between 1500 and 2000 J/kg. Six tornadoes occurred in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas before noon, including an F2 tornado near 2232:

the twister produced a second region of low-end F4 damage near 79th Street and Cernech Road. Four 150 ft (46 m)-tall metal power poles built to withstand winds in excess of 200 mph (320 km/h) were damaged there. The tornado remained damaging but weakened over the remainder of its path, causing F1–F2 damage along the

2626:. In Missouri, the twister demolished several farm houses, killing an 88-year-old man. Some of the homes were swept completely away. Its path began to narrow several miles into Missouri; video and eyewitness accounts suggest that the tornado was "roping out" at this point. It finally lifted to the north of 3310:

was particularly hard hit, with a school severely damaged by straight-line winds alongside downed trees and power lines. Wind gusts in the De Soto storm were estimated to have been near 100 mph (160 km/h), destroying 6 single-family homes and inflicting major damage to 27. Flooding was

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Within Moore city-limits, the peak damage caused near the center of the tornado was mostly rated as F2, although a few isolated locations received F3-rated damage; F3 damage in Moore was observed near 12th Street where several businesses, two hotels, an office building, a church, several restaurants,

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on May 9, assessing the potential for atmospheric conditions in the region to become unstable. CAPE values of 3500–4500 J/kg were anticipated alongside steep lapse rates aloft and strong wind shear. Severe weather was also forecast for the Mid-Atlantic region and the Ohio Valley. As the day

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region and accordingly issued a tornado watch for the area. However, no tornadoes were reported in Arkansas, Louisiana, or Texas during the day. Despite otherwise supportive conditions for tornadogenesis, rawinsondes launched at 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) suggested that the capping inversion

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at 23:55 UTC (6:55 p.m. CDT). Tornadoes developed over Arkansas during the afternoon and evening of May 4, including two tornadoes with 35-and-42-mile (56 and 68 km) path lengths. At 01:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. CDT), the SPC indicated a high risk for severe weather for parts of

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from this complex of storms was expected to also trigger additional severe thunderstorms within an environment favorable for large hail and strong winds near the Gulf Coast. However, the SPC noted that the day's most conducive environment of severe weather—conditional on the development of storms—lay

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Accompanying the record period of tornadic activity was a significant flood event that impacted parts of the Southeastern United States. A stagnation of the typical eastward movement of storm systems across the United States resulted in the stalling of a warm front over Tennessee, keeping the region

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where F4 damage was observed. Several other businesses were either damaged or destroyed. At Tinker Air Force Base, a storage bunker and several fences were damaged. Several subdivisions in eastern Oklahoma City, Choctaw and Midwest City were also affected by the tornado with several homes sustaining

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As the warm front over the central U.S. developed further, additional storms initiated over northern Missouri by 11 UTC (6:00 a.m. CDT). These storms organized into a mesoscale convective system and tracked east towards central Illinois along and north of the warm front, later developing a

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Closer to the main risk region, scattered thunderstorms began to form and strengthen over northwestern Texas by around 14 UTC (9 a.m. CDT) in response to the advection of warm air. Another cluster of potentially severe thunderstorms formed along the Ohio River in the early afternoon in the

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Throughout the nine-day outbreak, 363 tornadoes touched down across the United States. Of these, 62 reached at least F2-intensity, while 6 reached F4. The most prolific and violent day of the outbreak was May 4; 79 tornadoes touched down, of which 4 reached F4-intensity. Between May 4

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initiated tornadic events throughout the outbreak. As severe weather shifted east across the country, another trough would cross from the Pacific to the Central United States and reignite activity. The cause of these successive troughs is unknown, but they proved a key factor in the prolonged nature

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on May 6, concentrated in two waves of thunderstorms organized in a mesoscale convective system. The complex originated over northern Georgia and persisted within an unstable airmass. Storm activity resulted in golf-ball-sized hail in four counties while strong winds caused some scattered tree

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where it destroyed a mobile home consistent with F2 intensity. The tornado remained over generally rural areas and caused solely tree and power line damage prior to reaching the intersection of Highway Z and County Road 825. There, a well-built frame home and two nearby outbuildings were completely

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and expanding to a width of over 500 yd (460 m). Low-end F4 damage was observed near the intersection of 91st Street and Leavenworth Road; one fatality occurred nearby within a region of F2–F3 damage. The tornado continued into the northeastern portions of Wyandotte County where

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reported that 33,000 of its electricity customers were without power, including Providence Medical Center where 22 persons were treated for injuries. Despite the severity of the tornadoes and the populations affected, Lynn Maximuk of the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in

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Warm and moist air also advanced north into southeastern Iowa and western Illinois ahead of the low-pressure region, with conducive conditions for tornadogenesis eventually extending as far north as southern Wisconsin after 23 UTC (6 p.m. CDT) as the low-pressure area quickly strengthened

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and marking the second consecutive day that tornadoes impacted the Oklahoma City area; this tornado was also the strongest tornado of the day. The supercell later dissipated in northeastern Oklahoma. During the same period, five tornadoes also occurred in northwestern Missouri where storms had been

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and Virginia. Additional thunderstorms developed across eastern West Virginia and northern Virginia over the next hour, prompting the issuance of a tornado watch for the region. Supercells traversed southeast across parts of Virginia and North Carolina throughout the afternoon and into the evening.

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The cluster of supercells that developed on the evening of May 7 along the Red River near a warm front remained active over the region into the early morning hours of May 8. One large supercell within the cluster produced three F2 tornadoes between 6–8 UTC (1–3 a.m. CDT) in

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Three F0 tornadoes were reported in northern Mississippi between 12:55–13:55 UTC (7:55–8:55 a.m. CDT). Despite an initial weakening of thunderstorms over western Tennessee during the morning of May 5, the overarching airmass remained unstable and supportive of tornado formation.

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The Storm Prediction Center used a three-tier scale in their convective outlooks to categorize the coverage and intensity of severe weather, with slight (SLGT) risk having the lowest coverage and severity, followed my moderate (MDT) and high (HIGH) with the highest coverage and severity. All risks

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The same storms produced heavy rainfall across the northern and central portions of Georgia. With soils saturated from prior rains, the prolonged precipitation period produced seasonally anomalous runoff that flowed into creeks and rivers, resulting in rapid rises of streams and associated rivers,

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mile (0.8 km) wide at points. Major devastation occurred in Franklin, as numerous buildings and homes were demolished, with some swept away. and Three people were killed in town, and 20 others were injured. The tornado continued producing "high end F4" damage to homes as it passed the town of

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Although the SPC anticipated a considerable outbreak of severe weather along the strong cold front the day's severe weather was ultimately isolated and limited to parts of New York and Pennsylvania. There were only two weak tornadoes on May 11 in connection with the storms that passed through

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taken over Oklahoma City at 12 UTC (7 a.m. CDT) indicated that a robust capping inversion was in place over the region, though satellite imagery and radar data also indicated that storms were beginning to develop vertically by around 14:17 UTC (9:17 a.m. CDT). At 16:30 UTC

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Outside of the highest risk areas for severe weather, the SPC also noted the potential for severe weather in the Tennessee and Ohio river valleys amid the northward advance of a warm front was expected to advect moist and warm air, and around Virginia near a weak and slow-moving cold front. Severe

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Supercell thunderstorms quickly formed and intensified along and north of a warm front ahead of the strengthening low-pressure area and over Kansas and Nebraska after 20 UTC (3 p.m. CDT), accompanied by the formation of additional storms over eastern Kansas an hour later. The day's first

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Cumulus clouds were also becoming more numerous and robust ahead of the dry line between southwestern Oklahoma and south-central Kansas. The atmospheric environment in the region had become favorable for severe weather sooner than anticipated with CAPE values reaching above 4500 J/kg and wind

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warmed above 80 °F (27 °C) with dew points above 70 °F (21 °C). Although a capping inversion remained in place, forcing for the uplift of air was expected to be sufficient to overcome the temperature inversion; the SPC indicated that the atmospheric conditions would lead to any

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counties in south-central Oklahoma. The same storm continued across eastern Oklahoma before weakening after crossing into Arkansas at around 12 UTC (7 a.m. CDT). Atmospheric conditions remained supportive of storm development further along the warm front to the east towards the Tennessee

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in the region along the leeward side of the Rocky Mountains. During the day, a low-pressure area would intensify over southeastern Colorado, forcing a warm front northward from Oklahoma to Kansas and resulting in a weather pattern resembling the severe weather setup from May 4. Clearing skies

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Temperatures along a front in Oklahoma had risen to near 80 °F (27 °C) by 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT), producing a highly unstable atmosphere marked by CAPE values ranging between 3000 and 4000 J/kg and lapse rates of around 8.5 °C/km. A broad area of rising air and an

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A second large complex of thunderstorms persisted over Middle Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and northern Alabama during the pre-dawn hours, with the unstable atmosphere and high wind shear creating an attendant risk for supercells, tornadoes, and heavy rain. Among these was a high-precipitation

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at around 22:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. CDT) quickly strengthened and acquired supercell characteristics; some of these storms entered western Tennessee by 02:00 UTC (9:00 p.m. CDT), producing tornadoes and damaging winds and hail. Over the next two hours, the morphology of these storms

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across the southeastern U.S. Strong southerly winds in the lower levels of the troposphere over the central Great Plains were also expected to advect warm and moist air into the Great Plains. These factors were forecast to provide a conducive environment for severe weather across much of the U.S.;

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became more stable. Preliminarily, the eight tornadoes initially reported in Virginia were tied for the second most ever recorded in the state within a 24-hour period. Ultimately, five tornadoes were confirmed in Virginia and nine tornadoes were confirmed in North Carolina on May 9, with the

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in Texas as temperatures warmed above 90 °F (32 °C). Although the presence of a capping inversion initially prevented storm development, its subsequent weakening led the SPC to issue a tornado watch for northwestern Texas and southwestern Oklahoma at 22:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. CDT);

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suffered heavy damage from tornadoes on May 4 in what was considered the most significant outbreak for the region since 1977. Five tornadoes occurred in the northland suburbs of Kansas City, of which four were caused by a single supercell; the strongest of these was classified as an F4. All

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The SPC predicted a Slight Risk for a broad area of the Eastern and Central U.S. in their 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) Day 1 Convective Outlook for May 7. Several shortwave troughs in the upper levels of the troposphere were expected to track northeastward or eastward across the

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set a rainfall record for the day with 2.73 in (69 mm) being reported. Some roads were flooded in the city's metropolitan area with flash flooding occurring in some counties, though the precipitation was overall beneficial for the state's agricultural interests and water supplies. The

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and at locales near downtown Liberty before lifting around 5:15 pm. CDT over rural areas of Clay County. The most severe damage covered a swath that included eastern parts of the college campus and areas along Excelsior Springs Road, with the overall damage cost totaling $ 60 million.

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area between 4:45–5:00 pm. CDT. Initial damage was wrought to tree and roofs near Shady Lane and Antioch Road, with the severity rated F1. Intensification was quick thereafter, with marginal F4 damage noted in the Carriage Hills subdivision. Roofs and windows were damaged and business

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counties in Kentucky from 20:45–21:25 UTC (4:45–5:25 p.m. EDT); this was Kentucky's only tornado that day. Clusters of supercells developed and persisted over the Ohio Valley and over Virginia and North Carolina through the afternoon and evening, leading the SPC to issue three tornado

1421:

counties in Kansas, including one F3 tornado. The storms over Kansas persisted after 0 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT), with tornadoes reported in eastern Kansas and western Missouri during the evening hours, while the strength of the capping inversion to the south suppressed more widespread

1231:

and Oklahoma, causing a warm front over Oklahoma to advance north and promoting atmospheric destabilization. Supercells rapidly developed near the warm front by 03:35 UTC (10:35 p.m. CDT) over northern Texas and southern Oklahoma, prompting an issuance of a tornado watch along the Red

422:

for severe weather across eastern Oklahoma, eastern Kansas, western Missouri, and northwestern Arkansas. A total of 127 severe weather watches and 4,050 warnings (2,960 severe thunderstorm and 1,090 tornado) were issued from May 4. Of the watches, 25 were classified as

3047:

were flooded. Many schools and homes were also inundated, resulting in several rescues and evacuations. Total property damage in the county alone reached $ 1 billion. Rivers swelled downstream from the accumulated rainfall, impacting areas not directly affected by the storms. An elevated

2202:

and North Farley Road. There, sixteen homes experienced minor damage, with the tornado producing a maximum of F1 damage over its 3 mi (4.8 km)-long and 50 yd (46 m)-wide track. North of Route 92, major damage to two barns and nearby damage to trees and fences was

1904:

was likely. The agency highlighted a Moderate Risk of severe weather across parts of the Mid-Atlantic states, with damaging winds constituting the primary severe weather threat. Warm advection led to the formation and intensification of isolated storms over New York and Pennsylvania by around

604:

By 01:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. CDT), severe thunderstorms were active over the Oklahoma/Texas region and the Dakotas/Nebraska area. The final tornado watch of the day was issued for western Oklahoma and northwestern Texas at 01:05 UTC (8:05 p.m. CDT) and expired at 07:00 UTC

2976:

over the same areas. The positioning of a high pressure area over the western Atlantic maintained a southerly wind throughout the region, producing a prolonged flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. During the following five days, over 9 in (230 mm) of rain would fall across the

1859:

The SPC predicted that the outbreak of severe weather that began on May 10 would continue into May 11, projecting a High Risk of severe weather over parts of Illinois and Indiana that would continue into the morning hours of May 11; additional severe weather was also expected

3359:

produced a swath of 50 mph (80 km/h) winds across eastern Iowa and northern Illinois, doing at least $ 2 million in damage. A significant hail event took place in eastern Iowa on May 8, additionally affecting northern Missouri and northern Illinois. A car dealership in

1570:

at 23:32 UTC (6:32 p.m. CDT) as it tracked northeast. This supercell eventually produced ten tornadoes in Oklahoma, accounting for all of the state's tornadoes that day; the first of the tornadoes was an F0 tornado that touched down at 01:50 UTC (7:50 p.m. CDT) in

753:

of severe weather for parts of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, predicting a "significant severe thunderstorm event" and the potential for "long-track and violent tornadoes" within the high risk region. Additionally, areas within this region had at least 25 percent chance of

1780:, producing a localized area of heightened favorability for tornado formation. Two of the tornadoes—one in Missouri and the other in Illinois—received an F3 rating; these were the highest-rated tornadoes of the day. The longest-tracked tornado of the day, rated F2, touched down near 3034:

area of Alabama experienced up to 11 in (280 mm) of rainfall from several storms over the course of a few hours on May 7, resulting in historic flooding. Radar estimates suggested that as much as 5–8 in (130–200 mm) fell in some locations in one hour. Throughout

523:

region, and southeastern U.S. over the course of the day, with a lesser but nonetheless extant expectation of severe weather extending outwards from the focal areas. The first severe watch on May 3 was a severe thunderstorm watch issued for parts of the Gulf Coast at 14:14 UTC

717:

May 4 was the most active day of the tornado outbreak sequence: the SPC received 94 tornado reports, though surveys and reanalyses confirmed 79 tornadoes. At the time, this was the second largest number of tornadoes in the U.S. in a single day on record, behind only

3445:, several boat docks were damaged and between 150 and 200 trees were blown down by winds estimated at 80 mph (130 km/h), resulting in $ 100,000 in damage. The storms in central Oklahoma on May 8 cut power to 37,000 homes and businesses according to 637:

in Texas at around 00:10 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT). The tornado originated from an isolated supercell thunderstorm that had developed along the dry line in northwestern Texas; the same thunderstorm produced at least three other tornadoes during its two-hour traversal of

808:, area, including two F4 tornadoes. Concurrently, additional tornadic storms developed along the dry line in southeastern Kansas during the afternoon. These storms produced an F4 tornado and an F3 tornado that tracked for 85 mi (137 km), impacting 804:, at 19:59 UTC (2:59 p.m. CDT). A line of thunderstorms developed over northeastern Kansas after 19:30 UTC (2:30 p.m. CDT) and later produced nine tornadoes in northeastern Kansas and northwestern Kansas. Four of these tornadoes touched down in the 1899:

that had intensified over the central and midwestern U.S. over the past day reached the upper Great Lakes region. While the squall line had begun to weaken by this point over the lower Appalachians, the SPC predicted that reintensification of the squall line along

2210:

A succession of four tornadoes from the same thunderstorm in Kansas City area began with the touchdown of an F2 tornado in southern Leavenworth County at approximately 3:54 pm. CDT. The 6 mi (9.7 km)-long damage path extended from northwest of

3029:

Flood impacts extended southward from Tennessee. Drawing moisture from the moist tropical air mass, thunderstorms associated with the severe weather outbreak on May 7 produced torrential precipitation over Alabama. Northern and northeastern areas of the

3368:; classes were cancelled at those schools following rainwater intrusion via holes created by hail. The hail caused $ 38 million in damage across eastern Iowa and $ 12 million in damage across northwestern Illinois. Flash flooding that same day in 2630:

after having traveled for approximately 35 miles (56 km). Almost immediately after the Franklin tornado lifted, a second large tornado was reported to have touched down on the east side of Liberal. The Franklin tornado was covered on an episode of

344:–for thunderstorms to develop within. The unusually far-reaching nature of this airmass resulted in the greatest tornadic activity occurring outside the climatological maximum area for tornadoes in May. Atop the northward surface winds, the upper-level 917:

The atmospheric environment continued to remain conducive for tornadoes well into the night of May 4–5. Tornado watches were issued and remained in effect for various parts of Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri,

274:

and Eastern United States. Most of the severe activity was concentrated between May 4 and May 10, which saw more tornadoes than any other week-long span in recorded history; 335 tornadoes occurred during this period, concentrated in the

1361:

and strong vorticity in the upper-levels of the troposphere. The quick formation of cumulus clouds ahead of a low pressure area by around 18 UTC (1 p.m. CDT) over central Kansas indicated that supercell development in the area was imminent.

3005:

of 36.1 ft (11.0 m), within a foot of the record high set in February 1973; riverside flooding prompted the evacuation or rescue of hundreds of individuals from adjacent counties and along its tributaries. Similar impacts were felt in

3301:

Exacerbating the significant tornado outbreak, storms along the dry line in Missouri also produced widespread hail on May 4, peaking at 3.50 in (89 mm) near Gladstone. Another bout of storms two days later caused flooding in northern

1788:, resulting in a tornadic path length spanning 89 mi (143 km). The supercells persisted overnight, tracking towards the Great Lakes region with the nearby low-pressure area continuing to intensify. The day's final tornado lifted from 3479: 1106:, and an F4 tornado that took a path 33 mi (53 km) path through southern Illinois. A new area of accelerated winds in the upper levels of the troposphere—known as a jet streak—triggered the formation of storms east of the 745:, noted the potential for severe weather on May 4 as early as April 28. In their Day 2 Convective Outlook, issued on May 3, the SPC indicated that the eastern fringes of the southern Great Plains and the lower and central 3420:

documented 249 hail events and 42 thunderstorm winds in the state of Oklahoma. Eastern Oklahoma was impacted by tornadoes and strong thunderstorms on May 4. Strong winds reportedly tumbled four to six rail cars near

938:, and was ultimately the day's strongest tornado. The presence of very cold air in the middle and upper levels of the troposphere facilitated another locally favorable environment for severe thunderstorms over southern and eastern 3159:, breaking windshields and denting vehicles. Minor damage was inflicted to the roofs of hundreds of homes. One person was injured in Paducah by the hailstorm; this was the first reported hail-related injury in the warning area of 2968:

with dew point temperatures above 60 °F (16 °C)—characteristic of highly moisture-laden air. The floods lasted for eight days, affecting a 272,100 km (105,100 sq mi) area and displacing 2,000 people.

2219:, with the worst damage occurring to homes near the intersection of 166th Street and Kansas Road. Two people were injured by the tornado. The second tornado—the strongest of the Kansas City tornadoes—began north-northwest of the 1074:, approaching an area where wind shear favored an isolated tornado threat. Over the next two hours, six tornadoes occurred near the Georgia–South Carolina border, of which the strongest was an F2 tornado that tracked across 2488:

destroyed, with their debris scattered across the adjacent roadway. Damage at this location warranted an F3 rating. Continuing northeast, the storm grew to between 0.5–0.75 mi (0.80–1.21 km) wide and entered downtown

1868:. The storms were supported by an unstable air mass with dew points above 70 °F (21 °C) as they tracked east at 40–45 kn (46–52 mph; 74–83 km/h), producing strong winds and tornadoes. According to the 315:

The Storm Prediction Center's convective outlook for May 4 highlighting the regions with the greatest likelihood of severe weather. This day proved to be the most active and deadly of the event with 81 tornadoes and

1438:—formed over parts of eastern Missouri, Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky during the afternoon in response to the influx of warm and moist air; four tornadoes occurred in these states during the day. 950:

and then moved along a warm front, producing hail, damaging winds, and several funnel clouds, particularly near the front where wind shear was maximized. The complex of thunderstorms also produced an F1 tornado in

576:

that prevented storm development, sufficient daytime heating could initiate storms that could develop in the otherwise favorable conditions for severe weather in place. By 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT), a line of

3387:. Several weather stations recorded gusts in excess of 40 mph (64 km/h), resulting in scattered power outages and downed trees and utility poles throughout the region. Similar effects were felt in Indiana, 823:

Conditions within the preexisting risk areas remained favorable for tornadoes into the evening while the tornadic risk increased farther east, prompting the SPC to issue a tornado watch for new areas of Arkansas,

3395:

as a result of the frontal passage; in Indiana, 12,000 households were without power during the strongest winds. Several roads were closed due to vehicle accidents or obstructing debris. Some overpasses in

373:

propagated south from Canada; the lack of these allowed the atmosphere to continually destabilize and fuel further thunderstorms. The pattern finally ceased on May 11–12 with the active pattern shifting to

593:, and increasing moisture resulted in another conducive area for severe weather over the central Great Plains and along the eastern periphery of the Rocky Mountains. A tornado watch was issued for northeastern 1209:

during the afternoon evening as the storms moved southeast, along with damaging winds in the Washington, D.C. area. Conditions were also marginally supportive of supercell thunderstorms in the Dakotas and the

2748:. The tornado then struck Jackson at F4 intensity. The tornado exited the town where it passed near several small communities. After tracking for 39 miles the F4 would dissipate over the northwestern edge of 1353:

emergent storm rapidly organizing into a supercell. At 17:17 UTC (11:17 a.m. MDT), the first of five brief tornadoes confirmed in Colorado during the day—all rated either F0 or F1—touched down in

418:(SPC) noted the likelihood of a major tornado outbreak across a large area of the Central and Eastern United States for the period of May 2–6. Ahead of the most active day, the SPC issued a rare 1333:. Another belt of storms, presenting primarily a threat of large hail, were concurrently active to the north between south-central Nebraska to northwestern Arkansas, supported by strong warm air and 1303:

The SPC's convective outlook for May 8 indicated a High Risk of severe weather over the Central US, marking the third of four days during the tornado outbreak in which such a risk was forecast.

3163:

since 1994. Causing tens of millions of dollars in damage, the hailstorm was one of the most destructive in far western Kentucky's history; the damage toll included $ 10 million in damage for

1562:

After 1 UTC (8 p.m. CDT), winds aloft over Oklahoma strengthened, resulting in increased wind shear and increased tornado potential. One supercell quickly developed along the dry line in

621:

throughout the day; there were 18 tornado reports, though only 14 tornadoes were confirmed. Although the SPC received its first tornado report at 21:17 UTC (4:17 p.m. CDT) from

3323:, hail as large as 4 in (100 mm) damaged 1,100 homes and 750 cars, resulting in a $ 6.75 million damage toll. A wind gust of 104 mph (167 km/h) was measured at 3230:, felling trees and downing power lines. Several damaging severe thunderstorms tracked across Virginia on the following day, producing winds as high as 92 mph (148 km/h) as measured in 1389:

Two tornadic supercells in Oklahoma produced five tornadoes in the state during the afternoon. One strong supercell within an environment supportive of a strong or violent tornado approached the

589:, resulting in a focused threat area for large hail, strong wind gusts, and isolated tornadoes in southwestern Oklahoma and northwestern Texas. Concurrently, decreasing air pressures, steepening 13196: 741:

This atmospheric setup was highly conducive for tornadogenesis, and accordingly the potential for a major tornado outbreak was forecast well in advance. The National Weather Service office in

1046:, where dew points above 70 °F (21 °C) and steep lapse rates were expected to foment a highly unstable atmosphere ahead of a rapidly developing low-pressure area and its associated 1584:

developing throughout the evening along a front, buoyed by the low-level that supported the tornadic activity in Oklahoma; the strongest of these tornadoes was rated F2 and tracked across

1058:

apparent on weather radar moved east across northern Georgia and the Carolinas during this period; two F1 tornadoes and an F0 tornado were confirmed over central South Carolina.

12312: 3467: 3026:; a total of 18 roads and bridges were washed out by the flooding in the county. The floods in Wayne County also inundated 100 homes, resulting in the rescue of 50 people. 1348:

By 16:30 UTC (12:30 p.m. CDT), temperatures within the areas under the SPC's Moderate and High risk regions over the central Great Plains, central Mississippi Valley, and lower

2972:

Rains in southeastern Tennessee beginning on April 30 saturated surfaces and elevated river levels, amplifying a period of heavy precipitation beginning on May 5 that featured

962:, amid a region with a weak capping inversion. Due to the favorable environment downwind, the SPC assessed the likely emergence of tornadic supercells as these storms moved towards the 3298:. The chemical release prompted the evacuation of about 250 residents and six firemen and law enforcement personnel were treated for respiratory ailments caused by the compound. 2997:

reached a record crest of 29.32 ft (8.94 m) on May 8. The resulting damage in the Chattanooga area from the swollen tributaries was evaluated at $ 20 million. The

3350:

The repeated storm activity brought frequent thunderstorms over Iowa, causing intermittent periods of heavy rainfall and flooding. The heaviest rainfall occurred on May 4, when

2737: 754:

experiencing a nearby tornado and at least a 10 percent change of experiencing a nearby significant tornado. The SPC cited the confluence of high instability (characterized by

303:(OIS) as a way to rank various tornado outbreaks. The tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003 received an OIS of 232, making it the fourth worst tornado outbreak in recorded history. 3355:

storms on May 4 also produced scattered hail with sizes generally between 0.25–1 in (6.4–25.4 mm) across the state. Behind one line of storms, the development of a

428: 1413:. A total of 21 tornadoes touched down in Kansas during the day, of which 5 were significant tornadoes with the strongest rated F3. One supercell led to five tornadoes in 781:. Behind the front, dew points exceeded 60 °F (16 °C). The warm front moved north as the day progressed, bringing along with it the warm and moist maritime tropical 1050:

and dry line. Warm temperatures throughout the eastern U.S. were also forecast to contribute to a Slight Risk of severe weather across parts of the Southeastern U.S. and the

3022:

resulted in the deaths of three people in two vehicles. Another fatality occurred after a driver and their vehicle went airborne in crossing a washed out section of road in

3929:

Hamill, Thomas M.; Schneider, Russell S.; Brooks, Harold E.; Forbes, Gregory S.; Bluestein, Howard B.; Steinberg, Michael; Meléndez, Daniel; Dole, Randall M. (April 2005).

13503: 1307:

The SPC predicted that May 8 would be another significant day for severe weather. A negatively-tilted trough was forecast to move northeast across Kansas, prompting

394:—a "continuous or near-continuous sequence of tornado outbreak days"—with only three historical events of comparable longevity and severity according to data compiled by 1926: 1525:

By around 17 UTC (1 p.m. EDT), some of the storms had congealed into a mesoscale convective system and were beginning to take a more southward trajectory into

13005: 1201:

Another line of storms moved in the Mid-Atlantic region during the afternoon, tracking into an environment supportive of severe weather; three tornadoes occurred in

4515: 3376:

that resulted in a damaging and narrow band of strong winds that downed trees and power lines, causing a power outage that affected 2,000 people primarily in

3346:

The SPC predicted the potential for severe winds for a large portion of the Ohio River Valley for the evening of May 10 and early morning hours of May 11

1522:

was tracking east across northern Illinois within a region of warm air advection, generating large hail and damaging winds despite meager atmospheric instability.

3104:

after sunset as what ultimately became a singular line of storms tracked southward. The largest hail of the day—approximately the size of baseballs—occurred near

12980: 12639: 3198:, a second severe thunderstorm producing strong winds caused damage in the Virginian suburbs of Washington, D.C. on May 7, downing power lines and trees in 3183:

area cut power to 24,000 homes and businesses. On May 5, heavy rains impacted areas of northeastern Kentucky, resulting in flooding along the banks of

2227:, initially producing F0–F1 damage. However, the tornado quickly grew in size and intensity, causing F3 damage to two homes south of Parallel Parkway near 1086:

unstable atmosphere was also present to the north over eastern Kansas and western Missouri. By 20:00 UTC (3:00 p.m. CDT), a supercell was approaching

431:

commending their high-quality service during the event. Furthermore, the SPC webpage received an average of 5.6 million views per day during the outbreak.

13010: 12574: 3750: 2268:; the total damage toll amounted to $ 31 million and 13 people were injured. The final tornado in the Kansas City region on May 4 impacted the 12669: 3015: 2745: 13719: 3741:—the highest award issued by the department—for "providing life-saving services during a record outbreak of tornadoes during the period of May 4–6, 2003." 2380:, including damage to 400–500 homes. The city's fire station collapsed due to the tornado. Downed power lines forced the closure of roads leading to 320:

During the first half of May 2003, atmospheric conditions across the Central and Southeastern United States proved exceptionally favorable for widespread

13538: 13160: 13150: 12844: 12834: 12644: 3339:. The following day, severe storms in the St. Louis area disrupted power to 10,000 electricity customers and caused flashed flooding in the region. 3278:. Hailstorms in the state that day collectively caused about $ 1.3 million in damage, including the loss of inventory at two car dealerships in the 3274:

Large hail and strong winds were reported across south-central Nebraska on May 4, including gusts as strong as 80 mph (130 km/h) north of

3718:

of Central Oklahoma sent relief crews and emergency response trucks to Springfield, Missouri to deliver food and supplies. The Oklahoma City chapter of

3364:

reported damage to 400 cars in the city's largest hail event since 1993. Three schools and a golf course were heavily damaged on the south side of

13373: 13070: 12940: 12889: 12684: 842:

with embedded rotation or a set of discrete supercells. One of the storms encountered highly conducive conditions and produced an F4 tornado near

17: 1756:

and east-central Kansas in the wake of the thunderstorms earlier in the morning, serving as a potential region for rapid thunderstorm development. An

13203: 13140: 12814: 12127:

Charton, Scott (May 6, 2003). "Guardsmen Return to Midwest—Many in Unit Headed to Help Rebuild Baghdad Go Back Home to Assist With Tornado Cleanup".

3335:

areas, damaging four mobile homes and injuring one person. One person was killed on May 9 after attempting to traverse a low-water crossing in

2248:

at around 4:30 p.m. where it caused damage over a narrower expanse to commercial areas. F1-rated damage was observed after the tornado crossed

1393:

shortly before 22 UTC (5 p.m. CDT). It spawned three tornadoes, with the final being an F4 tornado that caused significant damage in

13623: 13613: 13588: 13568: 13548: 13340: 13170: 13135: 12920: 12534: 12441: 734:. A cold front and dry line were located south and southwest of the low-pressure area while a warm front spanned from the system southeast to the 12950: 12754: 12594: 12308: 9954: 2179:

credited the partnerships between the National Weather Service and local emergency and media crews with the relatively low number of casualties.

1872:, 11 tornadoes touched down in Kentucky and Tennessee between 6–11 UTC (1–6 a.m. CDT), though a 2015 reanalysis conducted by the 13593: 12829: 9677:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri. 2003 9636:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri. 2003 9614:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri. 2003 9592:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri. 2003 9570:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri. 2003 9548:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri. 2003 9526:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri. 2003 419: 328:

occurred each day from May 3 to 11, resulting in a prolonged and extensive series of outbreaks. Warm, moist air flowed northward from the

1070:, during the period. At around 17:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. EDT), a line of storms exhibiting rotation on weather radar moved into northern 13724: 13125: 12819: 1892:. The squall line persisted into the later part of the morning, moving across eastern Tennessee towards western North Carolina and Virginia. 1873: 1366:

shear ranging between 40 and 50 kn (46 and 58 mph; 74 and 93 km/h). These potent conditions were also present as far south as

399: 5122:"Memphis National Weather Service Perspective of the Severe Weather Outbreak of May 2003: Focus on the F4 Madison County, Tennessee Tornado" 1880:, at around 06:18 UTC (1:18 a.m. CDT). There were two other F3 tornadoes in central Tennessee, with one tracking across both 13295: 13115: 13110: 13085: 13035: 12990: 12985: 12975: 12925: 12824: 12809: 12794: 12779: 12744: 12679: 12604: 12599: 12212:

Memphis National Weather Service Perspective of the Severe Weather Outbreak of May 2003 – Focus on the F4 Madison County, Tennessee Tornado

3770: 2190:

officials at around 3:45 p.m. CDT. Initially, the tornado remained over country but began damaging structures after crossing the

1708:

At around midnight, a low-pressure area was centered over central Oklahoma and southwestern Kansas, with a warm front extended out towards

1702: 749:

had a moderate risk of experiencing severe weather on May 4. At 13:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. CDT) on May 4, the agency noted a

3064:

reported damage to more than 700 homes. Due in part to the heavy rains between May 4–8, May 2003 was the wettest month for

13493: 13423: 13040: 12995: 12955: 12839: 3829:"Convective Modes for Significant Severe Thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States. Part II: Supercell and QLCS Tornado Environments" 13025: 3727: 3128:

destroyed a mobile home and damaged several others due to falling trees, resulting in $ 80,000 in damage. On May 9, storms in

1510:

progressed, a mid-tropospheric jet stream developed across the Great Plains in response to an intensifying low-pressure region over the

13669: 13553: 13498: 13325: 13310: 13045: 12784: 12664: 12046: 3160: 2752:. The F4 would result in 11 deaths and 86 injuries, at peak width the tornado would grow to a peak width of 880 yards (0.5 miles) wide 3270:

A strong cold front associated with a low-pressure area near the Great Lakes produced damaging winds across the Midwest on May 11

2891:. Despite extensive damage along the path, no fatalities were caused by the tornado, although dozens of injuries were reported across 2170:

were halted and passengers in the terminals were evacuated underground into tunnels for a half-hour. At the height of the storms, the

13578: 13558: 13533: 13300: 13280: 13263: 13155: 13130: 13095: 13090: 13065: 13060: 13030: 12970: 12898: 12884: 12874: 12869: 12694: 12634: 12609: 9502: 1114:, in northeastern Texas at 04:45 UTC (11:45 p.m. CDT) and took a 54.4-mile (87.5 km) mile path through four counties. 12024: 3327:, though the site did not sustain any damage. Wind gusts estimated at 85 mph (137 km/h) produced a swath of damage in the 13603: 13583: 13573: 13563: 13483: 13428: 13330: 13145: 12879: 12859: 3723: 1579:

the next day. The strongest of the ten tornadoes was an F3 tornado that hit parts of northeastern Oklahoma City, triggering a

1430:

thunderstorms tracked southeast through parts of the Mid-Atlantic states during the afternoon; one F0 tornado was reported in

1716:

at around 08:00 UTC (3:00 a.m. CDT). Widespread thunderstorms were also active early in the morning between Indiana and

1110:

and along the cold front over eastern Oklahoma by around 04:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. CDT). An F2 tornado touched down in

13608: 13543: 13443: 13438: 13105: 13100: 13050: 12965: 12935: 12769: 12759: 12714: 12569: 9856:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri. 2003 9806:. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri. 2003 3319:, in addition to producing small hail and minor damage to infrastructure. More severe storms struck the state two days later; in 3286:. Kansas was also impacted by hail and strong winds, resulting in downed power lines. Four days later, 38 freight cars on a 1107: 3380:. Additional storms produced similar impacts in northeastern Illinois on May 11, leaving 30,000 people without power. 2587:

at 4:32 pm on May 4. The tornado was initially about 250 yards (230 m) wide and produced F2 damage as it crossed into

2259:

A new circulation developed northeast of the first F4 tornado and developed into another F4 tornado that impacted the

1720:

in connection with a broad swath of rising air within an unstable air mass with dew points approaching 70 °F (21 °C).

13618: 13478: 13463: 13448: 13366: 13258: 13165: 12914: 12734: 12704: 4731: 3093: 12349: 3699:

later issued federal disaster declarations for these states, authorizing the allocation of federal disaster funds through the

13523: 13408: 13305: 13223: 13075: 12945: 12804: 12774: 12624: 12614: 12554: 12265: 10144: 3900: 3400:

were flooded after a fallen light pole cut power to a storm pump station. Strong winds also indirectly caused the leakage of

3031: 755: 2002: 13120: 13000: 12649: 12527: 12434: 3655: 3238:. In West Virginia, storms along and south of a warm front produced severe weather and flooding rains, particularly in the 2249: 1034: 402:. In total, the widespread severe weather event caused an estimated $ 4.1 billion (2003; $ 5.8 billion 2019 1042:

At 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) on May 6, the SPC projected a Moderate Risk of severe weather centered on the

398:. May 2003 ultimately became the most active month for tornadoes in recorded history until it was later surpassed by 13290: 12849: 4530: 3700: 2852: 2741: 2171: 12330: 2264:

signage were destroyed. The tornado continued towards the northeast, causing F1–F3-rated damage before dissipating near

1876:, found additional tornadoes that placed the total at 15. The first tornado was an F3 tornado that touched down in 727: 13734: 13528: 13238: 13233: 12930: 12799: 12674: 12619: 12491: 3760: 3137: 498: 758:

values between 2000 and 4000 J/kg) and strong wind shear as factors contributing to the anticipated tornado outbreak.

13694: 13513: 13453: 13418: 13413: 13382: 13359: 13320: 13248: 13015: 12749: 12659: 12629: 12579: 12146: 12007:

Farrow, Connie (May 6, 2003). "Bush Declares Disaster Areas in Kan., Mo". Pierce City, Missouri – via NewsBank.

9190: 9012: 8687: 8252: 8226: 7616: 7593: 7472: 7012: 6779: 6749: 6192: 5982: 5907: 5649: 5626: 5366: 5343: 5317: 5289: 5072: 4791: 4768: 4373: 4235: 4207: 4190: 4173: 4156: 4105: 3738: 3179:. The storms were complemented by other hailstorms, albeit less significant, across the region. Thunderstorms in the 2591:. Aerial damage surveys indicate an increase in width and intensification as the tornado approached the community of 2167: 9282: 9259: 9167: 8989: 8966: 8943: 8825: 8802: 8659: 8642: 8625: 8508: 8439: 8393: 8159: 8013: 7990: 7967: 7708: 7153: 7130: 7038: 6917: 6848: 6723: 6654: 6559: 6330: 6307: 6051: 6005: 5695: 5672: 5218: 5201: 5184: 5167: 5150: 5049: 5026: 4886: 4863: 4840: 4514:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (May 2003). Angel, William; Hinson, Stuart; Mooring, Rhonda (eds.).

4396: 4350: 4304: 4281: 4258: 13253: 13212: 13189: 12960: 12699: 12689: 12589: 3255: 3132:

near the state border with Virginia produced large hail and strong winds, cutting power to 1,900 customers of

3125: 1506: 625:, the first confirmed tornado was an F0 tornado that touched down at 21:41 UTC (4:41 p.m. CDT) near 424: 9499:"National Weather Service Assigns Fujita Damage Ratings to May 4th Tornadoes in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area" 3075:

Heavy rainfall on May 6 straddled the southern Tennessee border, impacting much of the Tennessee River basin.

13729: 13714: 13709: 13468: 13458: 12764: 12543: 12520: 12427: 12246: 12199: 3737:

In 2004, The Storm Prediction Center and five National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices were awarded the

2856: 2272:

area and was the costliest of those in the metropolitan area. Rated F2, the tornado caused substantial damage at

1390: 12318: 9656: 9438: 9236: 9213: 9093: 9070: 8920: 8871: 8848: 8779: 8756: 8733: 8710: 8600: 8577: 8554: 8531: 8485: 8462: 8416: 8370: 8347: 8321: 8298: 8275: 8136: 8113: 8036: 7941: 7918: 7895: 7872: 7849: 7826: 7803: 7780: 7754: 7731: 7685: 7662: 7639: 7567: 7544: 7521: 7449: 7426: 7381: 7331: 7248: 7199: 7176: 7107: 7084: 7061: 6986: 6963: 6940: 6894: 6871: 6825: 6802: 6700: 6677: 6631: 6605: 6582: 6536: 6513: 6490: 6467: 6422: 6399: 6376: 6353: 6284: 6261: 6238: 6215: 6143: 6120: 6097: 6074: 6028: 5956: 5930: 5884: 5861: 5838: 5815: 5792: 5741: 5718: 5603: 5580: 5557: 5486: 5437: 5414: 5266: 5243: 5095: 4909: 4817: 4733:

A Mesoscale Re-analysis of Anticipated Severe Weather Threats in the Ozarks During the Week of May 4th-10th 2003

4327: 2875:

and moved east northeast across the city; the tornado proceeded to cause damage across southeastern sections of

13704: 13699: 13689: 13684: 13674: 13664: 13659: 13508: 13488: 13398: 13335: 13243: 13228: 13080: 12739: 12729: 3251: 3223: 2860: 769:, was intensifying amid strengthening winds aloft. A dry line extended south of the cyclone over areas east of 11989:"FEMA to Help Victims of Midwest Tornadoes". Pierce City, Missouri. Associated Press. May 6, 2003 – via 10457: 13654: 12854: 3417: 3247: 3243: 3188: 2162: 1910: 1869: 1544: 630: 13679: 13315: 13055: 12709: 12654: 11774: 3765: 3755: 3667:

petitioned the federal government to declare a federal disaster for 39 counties while Kansas governor

2955: 1889: 1885: 1382:

at 20:32 UTC (3:32 p.m. CDT). A smaller area of low pressure forming along the dry line near the

1094:

in Missouri while cumulus clouds showed signs of further development along a dry line to the south between

762: 8087: 7270: 13598: 12584: 12564: 3827:

Thompson, Richard L.; Smith, Bryan T.; Grams, Jeremy S.; Dean, Andrew R.; Broyles, Chris (October 2012).

3485:

The SPC received 869 reports of strong winds or wind damage, including a maximum of 103 mph at

3227: 2732:

and would track in an east-northeasterly direction, the then tornado struck the small rural community of

2645:

as "one of the most violent tornadoes ever caught on film- a twister that would shred southeast Kansas".

1725: 1567: 761:

By around 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT), the conducive conditions for severe weather projected in

525: 288: 12185: 3993: 3039:—which includes Birmingham—at least 120 thoroughfares were blocked by floodwaters. All roadways in 1864:

with embedded bow echoes that extended from western Indiana southwestward to the Mississippi River near

13649: 13433: 3707:

designated Michael J. Hall as the coordinator for federal relief efforts in response to the tornadoes.

3684: 3446: 3303: 2892: 2373: 2183: 1777: 1585: 1329:

Valley through the morning hours and into the afternoon before warming air aloft resulted in increased

1317: 750: 622: 502:

Radar animation of a supercell that produced at least four tornadoes in Haskell County, Texas, on May 3

12238: 1547:

at 01:10 UTC (9:10 p.m. EDT); all tornadoes in these two states were rated either F0 or F1.

13403: 9831:. National Weather Service. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri 4028: 3164: 3109: 3036: 2939: 2922: 2896: 2872: 2725: 2484: 1881: 1789: 1744:

The SPC's convective outlook for May 10, indicating a High Risk of severe weather near St. Louis

1321: 809: 601:

in response to this emergent favorability for severe weather at 22:10 UTC (5:10 p.m. CDT).

391: 284: 263: 12501: 12195: 12095: 11747: 11732: 11698: 11626: 11611: 11565: 11508: 11481: 11454: 11427: 11400: 11385: 11339: 11309: 11282: 11255: 11240: 11194: 11167: 11152: 11107: 11080: 11065: 11005: 10959: 10944: 10871: 10844: 10817: 10790: 10763: 10736: 10709: 10682: 10667: 10633: 10588: 10561: 10490: 10427: 10412: 10367: 10323: 10248: 10221: 10117: 10060: 10033: 9919: 9897: 9875: 9853: 9803: 9789: 9755: 9721: 9674: 9633: 9611: 9589: 9567: 9545: 9523: 9483: 9400: 9385: 9338: 9312:

The Anatomy of the Big Event That Never Happened – The Grand Finale of the May 2003 Tornado Outbreak

8893: 7494: 7221: 6165: 5508: 5459: 4982:

McCarthy, Daniel; Schaefer, Joseph T. (March 2004). "A Record May Leads the Way Tornadoes of 2003".

4931: 4745: 4581: 4555: 12217: 3692: 3316: 3199: 3019: 2986: 2863:, another strong tornado affected the area. The storm responsible for the tornado developed across 2224: 1675: 1540: 1535: 1423: 1299: 1087: 952: 300: 280: 115: 12179: 2736:

in the southwestern part of the county. As the tornado headed for Jackson, the twister struck the

1685: 13019: 12906: 12864: 12559: 12461: 9318:. 22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms. Hyannis, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society 9050:. 22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms. Hyannis, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society 4127: 3676: 3672: 3486: 3383:

On May 11, the passage of a strong cold front caused widespread wind damage across northern

3369: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3226:. On May 8, a fast-moving thunderstorm caused a power outage affecting 4,100 people in 3176: 3168: 3023: 2985:

rivers, including more than 12 in (300 mm) of rainfall reported over a 35-hour span in

2623: 2588: 2476: 2237: 2195: 2176: 1877: 1589: 1398: 1075: 742: 515: 415: 8093:. National Weather Service. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma 7305: 7276:. National Weather Service. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma 4704:. 32nd Conference on Radar Meteorology. Albuquerque, New Mexico: American Meteorological Society 3018:

due the floods, tornadoes, and associated severe weather. Flooding along Saunders Fork Creek in

2938:

region were impacted by tornadoes on the evening of May 4. More than 100 buildings in

1308: 519:

the SPC would delineate moderate risks for severe weather in parts of the central Great Plains,

212:

42 deaths (+9 non-tornadic deaths), 652 injuries (+52 non-tornadic injuries)

13473: 12471: 4740: 4019: 3892: 3680: 3320: 3203: 3156: 3057: 2994: 2978: 2973: 2918: 2884: 2864: 2480: 2273: 1914: 1733: 1729: 1576: 1572: 1563: 1431: 1418: 1410: 1402: 1354: 1079: 520: 108: 12476: 12466: 12343: 8201:. 23rd Conference on Severe Local Storms. St. Louis, Missouri: American Meteorological Society 4654:

Doswell, C. A.; Edwards, R.; Thompson, R. L.; Hart, J. A.; Crosbie, K. C. (December 1, 2006).

1534:

before 2 UTC (9 p.m. EDT) and eventually weakened as the surrounding air within the

958:

At around 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT), thunderstorms began to form east-southeast of

13644: 13268: 12222: 12211: 5121: 5120:

Howell, Jonathan L.; Garrett, Gregory R.; McNeil, Scott J.; Valle, Daniel N. (October 2004).

3828: 3688: 3442: 3283: 3172: 3089: 2880: 2584: 2377: 2361: 2357: 2253: 1896: 1769: 1713: 1330: 1325: 1227:

with winds of around 50 kn (58 mph; 93 km/h) brought additional moisture into

935: 817: 805: 639: 537: 9654: 9436: 4632: 3429:. Blown-down trees were documented across several counties as a result of the strong winds. 942:

after about 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT). Some thunderstorms formed in tandem with a

930:, with the most significant weather expected to coincide with an area of steep lapse rates. 13393: 12481: 4991: 4667: 3942: 3843: 3397: 3328: 3291: 3239: 3180: 2749: 1757: 1414: 1379: 1219: 1195: 1071: 801: 565: 510:

would intensify over the eastern U.S., resulting in a wide and expanding area of increased

507: 403: 221: 190: 12496: 12400: 12027:(Press release). Washington, D.C.: Department of Homeland Security. May 6, 2003. HQ-03-109 6444: 5391: 4739:. 22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms. National Weather Service Springfield, Missouri. 4607: 4421: 1662:

Weather maps of the continental U.S. at 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) on May 10

8: 13285: 12894: 12724: 12719: 10006: 9044:

The May 11, 2003 severe weather null case across the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic States

3711: 3405: 3332: 3231: 3211: 3133: 3097: 3085: 3065: 2780:

Radar shot of the Moore/Oklahoma City supercell at its peak intensity in southeastern OKC

2632: 2479:, it uprooted numerous trees and produced F1 damage to outbuildings. The tornado entered 2260: 2245: 2241: 1753: 1214:

during the day. In the early afternoon, cumulus clouds began to build in the vicinity of

1051: 719: 379: 11105: 11078: 10842: 9336: 4995: 4671: 4079:"Weather and Climate Billion-Dollar Disasters to affect the U.S. in 2003 (CPI-Adjusted)" 3946: 3847: 3473:

The SPC received 1809 reports of hail, with a maximum occurring in western Missouri

2871:. Just after 5:00 pm, a new tornado touched down on the west side of Moore west of 7403: 5007: 3960: 3884: 3859: 3715: 3450: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3377: 3361: 3279: 3219: 3060:

connecting Wadley to points east becoming fully submerged. Across Central Alabama, the

3044: 2733: 2648: 2489: 2381: 2369: 1865: 1334: 1111: 1091: 847: 843: 813: 770: 766: 746: 626: 395: 296: 5766:

Signatures in Lightning Activity during Tennessee Valley Severe Storms of 5-6 May 2003

3659:

President George W. Bush visiting Pierce City, Missouri following the tornado outbreak

3458:

Storm Prediction Center (SPC) local storm reports received between May 3–11, 2003

2867:

during the mid-afternoon hours and produced a weak tornado near Newcastle and west of

1669: 12450: 5011: 3964: 3896: 3719: 3668: 3401: 3307: 3275: 3254:

counties, resulting in over $ 1 million in damage. Strong thunderstorm winds in

3235: 3234:. In addition to damage to infrastructure, one person was killed by a fallen tree in 3195: 3144: 2990: 2888: 2729: 2627: 2604: 2472: 2269: 2199: 1580: 1406: 1224: 1223:

within an hour, a pair of supercells developed over northwestern Texas. Overnight, a

1215: 1103: 834: 573: 569: 253: 12233:

NOAA: Cold Front Spawns Super-Cell Storms, Deadly Tornadoes in Central Plains States

12152:. College Park, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 4 4078: 3999:. Service Assessment. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 2003 3863: 3372:

resulted in one fatality. Late on May 9, a cluster of thunderstorms produced a

3342: 3155:

in Kentucky and dropped hail as large as 2.75 in (70 mm) in diameter near

10167: 4999: 4675: 3950: 3851: 3704: 3441:

sustained the brunt of power outages that affected 1,500 energy customers. At

3365: 3351: 3266: 3049: 3011: 2619: 2600: 2365: 2187: 1781: 1773: 1768:

At 21:02 UTC (4:02 p.m. CDT), an F0 tornado briefly touched down in

1749: 1550: 1383: 1344:

Radar image of the supercell that produced the F4 tornado in the Oklahoma City area

1191: 923: 778: 735: 578: 552:

The SPC issued a tornado watch at 18:15 UTC (1:15 p.m. CDT) for parts of

365: 325: 267: 103: 50: 12109:

Medley, Robert (May 6, 2003). "Oklahoma sends trucks, workers to stricken areas".

8193: 4051: 1357:. The severe thunderstorms in northeastern Colorado had developed with the aid of 12324: 12302: 12232: 9310: 9042: 5764: 4696: 3438: 3148: 3081: 3053: 2998: 2868: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2047: 1709: 1394: 1371: 1358: 1095: 633:. The strongest tornado of the day was an F2 tornado that touched down near 383: 10341:"Severe Thunderstorms and an F1 Tornado in Williamsburg County, SC: May 6, 2003" 10340: 10273: 10192: 2906:

Extensive damage was widespread across the southeastern Oklahoma City metro area

2067: 9663:(Public Information Statement). Pleasant Hill, Missouri: Iowa State University. 9445:(Public Information Statement). Pleasant Hill, Missouri: Iowa State University. 4513: 3696: 3295: 3129: 3116: 3105: 3040: 3007: 2982: 2915: 2596: 2265: 2233: 2228: 2191: 1785: 1692: 1202: 1099: 919: 774: 586: 329: 321: 13351: 12381: 12368: 12284: 10707: 10559: 9946: 9828: 8065: 7404:"Tornadoes strike Osage and Douglas Counties - May 8th, 2003 - NWS Topeka, KS" 7358: 5145:

SPC tornado watches with expiry times during the early morning of May 5:

5003: 1575:, while the final twister lifted at 05:31 UTC (12:31 a.m. CDT) from 1554:

The F3 tornado that hit parts of northeastern Oklahoma City on May 9

13638: 13181: 12355: 12303:

Cold Front Spawns Supercell Storms, Deadly Tornadoes in Central Plains States

12144: 10365: 10275: 10194: 10174:(Public Information Statement). Huntsville, Alabama: National Weather Service 10090: 4529:(5). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center. Archived from 3855: 3434: 3184: 2959:

Flooding in Chattanooga, Tennessee along the banks of South Chickamauga Creek

2876: 2637: 2592: 1901: 1740: 1526: 1367: 1337:; these storms also weakened as the influx of warm and moist air diminished. 1067: 959: 947: 634: 12512: 12419: 12394: 12290: 12205: 12076: 11713: 11679: 11592: 11535: 11366: 11221: 11133: 11046: 11019: 10986: 10925: 10898: 10648: 10614: 10393: 10304: 10246: 10219: 10165: 10088: 9770: 9736: 9702: 9655:

National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri (May 9, 2003).

9464: 9437:

National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri (May 8, 2003).

9366: 3136:. Hail as large as 4.25 in (108 mm) in diameter was documented in 2775: 1543:, at 17:55 UTC (1:55 p.m. EDT) and the final tornado lifting from 1340: 709: 311: 12196:

Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875–2003)

11772: 11659:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 9498: 9041:

Jurewicz, Michael L Sr.; Evans, Micahel; Cempa, Michael (October 7, 2004).

8900:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 7501:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 7228:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 6172:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 5515:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 5466:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 4938:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 4588:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 4562:. Asheville, North Carolina: National Centers for Environmental Information 3793: 3373: 3287: 3152: 2842: 2804: 2766: 2715: 2685: 2659: 2622:, where a train was derailed from the winds of the storm, and crossed into 2574: 2544: 2506: 2462: 2424: 2398: 2347: 2317: 2291: 2152: 2106: 1933: 1717: 773:. A warm front also extended outwards from the low pressure system towards 713:

Radar imagery of a storms moving through the Kansas City area on May 4

614: 582: 271: 242: 232: 156: 12285:

Tornadoes Rip Across Southeast Kansas and the Missouri Ozarks May 4th 2003

11134:"B-2 Bombers at Whiteman Air Force were unharmed in Thursday night storms" 10516: 10455: 9977: 9398: 5537:. White Lake, Michigan: National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac, Michigan 3955: 3930: 12259: 10586: 10400:. Rocky Mount, North Carolina. Associated Press. May 10, 2003. p. 8A 10058: 10031: 9979: 9341:. Pleasant Hill, Missouri: National Centers for Environmental Information 5772:. 22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms. American Meteorological Society 5534: 3071: 3002: 2902: 2642: 1861: 1531: 1515: 1511: 1435: 1228: 1183: 943: 839: 765:

had begun to come to fruition. An area of low pressure centered south of

606: 529: 375: 12278: 11452: 11425: 11192: 11165: 10957: 10869: 10425: 10115: 3210:

with winds of up to 70 mph (110 km/h) downed trees in eastern

12413: 12296: 10761: 9403:. Kansas City, Missouri: National Centers for Environmental Information 9144: 4021:

Tornado Outbreak Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875–2003)

3664: 3207: 1519: 1349: 1187: 1047: 963: 731: 590: 542: 511: 370: 349: 345: 337: 12190: 11624: 11506: 11479: 10734: 10680: 10488: 9439:"NWS Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri Public Information Statement" 4058:. State of the Climate. National Centers for Environmental Information 11963: 11936: 11909: 11882: 11855: 11828: 11801: 11280: 11253: 9147:. Nashville, Tennessee: National Weather Service Nashville, Tennessee 9122:. Louisville, Kentucky: National Weather Service Louisville, Kentucky 4680: 4655: 3392: 3121: 3101: 3061: 2204: 1505:

The SPC projected a Moderate Risk of severe weather for parts of the

1211: 927: 829: 797: 557: 406:-adjusted) in damage and 41 deaths alongside 642 injuries. 361: 336:. This created an anomalously large warm sector–the airmass behind a 292: 11745: 11563: 11398: 11337: 11307: 10815: 10276:"Thunderstorms Bring Hail and Wind Damage to a Wide Area of Georgia" 9115: 4990:(2). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Taylor & Francis Group: 46–55. 4698:

Observations of Supercell Merger and Tornadogenesis From May 4, 2003

3792:

A significant tornado is one that is rated F2 or higher on the

3408:

after roofing knocked loosed by the wind broke a distribution pipe.

3242:

watershed. Overflowed banks resulted in inundation in some areas of

2654:

Denmark-Jackson-Oak Grove-Westover-Northwestern Lexington, Tennessee

2649:

Denmark-Jackson-Oak Grove-Westover-Northwestern Lexington, Tennessee

1514:

and a strengthening ridge of high pressure extending north into the

12226: 11990: 11961: 11934: 11907: 11880: 11853: 11826: 11799: 11775:"May 8, 2003 Severe Weather Strikes Oklahoma – Situation Report #1" 10924:

Hathaway, Matthew; Holland, Elizabethe; Rowden, Tim (May 8, 2003).

10788: 3731: 3388: 3356: 3294:

were derailed by thunderstorm winds, including one car filled with

3215: 2965: 1691:

Winds and height of the 500 mbar (500 hPa; 15 inHg)

1232:

River; these storms became tornadic and persisted into May 8.

1206: 1182:

region, overlapping with a broad and wavy front that extended from

1063: 1055: 939: 825: 782: 610: 598: 594: 561: 553: 546: 357: 341: 333: 54: 11026:. Springfield, Missouri. Associated Press. May 7, 2003. p. 7B 12198:(Russell S. Schneider, Harold E. Brooks, and Joseph T. Schaefer, 12131:. Akron, Ohio. Associated Press. p. A4 – via NewsBank. 11140:. St. Louis, Missouri. Associated Press. May 11, 2003. p. D7 533: 12260:

National Weather Service storm survey results for April 30, 2003

11964:"Mississippi Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and High Winds (DR-1470)" 10274:

National Weather Service Peachtree City, Georgia (May 2, 2003).

10193:

National Weather Service Peachtree City, Georgia (May 2, 2003).

9980:"The Major to Record Flooding of May 2003 across East Tennessee" 9728: 4656:"A Simple and Flexible Method for Ranking Severe Weather Events" 3663:

In the aftermath of the May 4 tornadoes, Missouri governor

3425:

and destroyed two mobile homes 1 mi (1.6 km) north of

2364:. One person was killed and widespread damage occurred near the 11045:

Hathaway, Matthew; Komperada, Jack; O'Neil, Tim (May 9, 2003).

10890: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 3806:

imply that well-organized severe thunderstorms are anticipated.

3671:

issued disaster or emergency declarations for several counties—

2935: 1043: 723: 429:

United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology

353: 276: 11781:(Situation Report). Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: State of Oklahoma 11106:

National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri.

11079:

National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri.

10843:

National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri.

10007:"Dartmouth Flood Observatory – Flood Analysis Report 2003-111" 9337:

National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri.

4977: 4975: 4973: 4556:"Event Report for F0 Tornado in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska" 4018:

Schneider, Russell S.; Brooks, Harodl E.; Schaefer, Joseph T.

1996:

21:00 UTC April 30–19:00 UTC May 11, 2003

1378:

tornado in Kansas was an F0 tornado that touched down in

11222:"In latest set of storms, tornado heavily damages Canton, Mo" 10166:

National Weather Service Huntsville, Alabama (May 22, 2003).

8068:. Norman, Oklahoma: National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma 7361:. Norman, Oklahoma: National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4083:

Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Table of Events

4076: 4049: 2515: 788: 618: 541:

farther west over the southern Great Plains along a decaying

332:

across the Central United States and reached as far north as

12113:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 1-A – via NewsBank. 10899:"Trailers are toppled, roofs ripped off in Jefferson County" 10089:

National Weather Service Birmingham, Alabama (May 7, 2003).

4716: 2921:

sustained major damage as did as a manufacturing plant near

2471:

At 5:31 pm. CDT (22:31 UTC), a tornado began near

11937:"Illinois Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding (DR-1469)" 11856:"Tennessee Severe Storms, Tornadoes and Flooding (DR-1464)" 11773:

Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management (May 8, 2003).

11044: 3928: 3503: 3384: 2252:

before lifting east of the highway at 4:42 pm. CDT in

1927:

List of tornadoes in the May 2003 tornado outbreak sequence

12025:"President Orders Disaster Aid For Kansas Tornado Victims" 11829:"Missouri Severe Storms, Tornadoes and Flooding (DR-1463)" 11714:"Storms hit Grand Lake area, destroy large trees in Grove" 5460:"Event Report for F3 Tornado in Lincoln County, Tennessee" 5127:. Memphis, Tennessee: National Weather Service Memphis, TN 4950: 4653: 2182:

The first tornado in the Kansas City area touched down in

11935:

Federal Emergency Management Agency (February 28, 2011).

11910:"Alabama Severe Storms, Tornadoes and Flooding (DR-1466)" 10311:. Greenwood, South Carolina. May 7, 2003. pp. 1A, 8A 7495:"Event Report for F0 Tornado in Johnson County, Missouri" 7406:. Topeka, Kansas: National Weather Service Topeka, Kansas 5509:"Event Report for F1 Tornado in Oakland County, Michigan" 4730:

Bookbinder, Evan M.; Browning, Wes D. (October 7, 2004).

3642: 3624: 3606: 3588: 3570: 3552: 3534: 3194:

In addition to an F0 tornado-producing storm in the

2240:

in Missouri. The tornado crossed into Platte County near

792:

The tornado that struck Stockton, Missouri, on May 4

12325:

Kansas City, KS May 4, 2003 "The 5-4-3 Tornado Outbreak"

11962:

Federal Emergency Management Agency (October 24, 2008).

11802:"Kansas Severe Storms, Tornadoes and Flooding (DR-1462)" 11800:

Federal Emergency Management Agency (January 19, 2011).

10540: 10538: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9030: 6447:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. May 7, 2003 5394:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. May 3, 2003 5119: 4610:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. May 4, 2003 4424:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. May 3, 2003 726:. These weather features were also positioned beneath a 262:

From May 3 to May 11, 2003, a prolonged and destructive

12297:

Summary of the May 4–5, 2003 Middle Tennessee Tornadoes

11908:

Federal Emergency Management Agency (August 25, 2014).

11827:

Federal Emergency Management Agency (August 14, 2013).

11213: 10136: 10004: 9701:

Rao, Nina; Eckert, Eric; Fillmer, Jenny (May 5, 2003).

5756: 5535:"May 5, 2003 Southeast Michigan Severe Weather Episode" 4932:"Event Report for F0 Tornado in Scott County, Nebraska" 4627: 4625: 3722:

also dispatched supplies to Kansas City, Missouri. The

3258:

felled trees and power lines, resulting in one injury.

1038:

The Tennessee Emergency Operations Center on May 6

506:

On the morning of May 3, the SPC predicted that a

12414:

Summary of the May 11, 2003 Middle Tennessee Tornadoes

12218:

OK-FIRST Case Study: The Tornado Outbreaks of May 2003

12145:

National Centers for Environmental Prediction (2004).

11854:

Federal Emergency Management Agency (April 10, 2019).

11527: 10347:. Wilmington, North Carolina: National Weather Service 9432: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9418: 8894:"Event Report for F0 Tornado in Linn County, Missouri" 5763:

Gatlin, Patrick N.; Goodman, S. J. (October 7, 2004).

5386: 5384: 4695:

Gilmore, William T.; Fox, Neil I. (October 28, 2005).

4582:"Event Report for F2 Tornado in Haskell County, Texas" 4416: 4414: 3826: 3751:

List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

3282:

area. Softball-sized hail damaged cars and homes near

2724:

This strong and deadly F4 tornado would touch down in

1776:, increased wind shear, and lowered the height of the 1409:. The second supercell produced an F3 tornado in 12047:"More Than 30 Die as Tornadoes Sweep Through Midwest" 11358: 10923: 10649:"Swift storm damages homes, businesses in Gloucester" 10640: 10535: 10509: 10451: 10449: 9373:. Springfield, Missouri. Associated Press. p. 5A 9027: 7222:"Event Report for F0 Tornado in Cloud County, Kansas" 5115: 5113: 4647: 2360:, two people were killed following the collapse of a 2072:

Damages wrought by the tornado in Gladstone, Missouri

220:

US$ 4.1 billion (US$ 5.8 billion 2019

12333:– Twister Sister images of the Kansas City Tornadoes 12102: 11881:

Federal Emergency Management Agency (May 21, 2013).

10708:

National Weather Service Charleston, West Virginia.

10560:

National Weather Service Charleston, West Virginia.

10084: 10082: 9973: 9971: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9452: 4622: 4151:

SPC Day 1 Convective outlooks for May 3, 2003:

4120: 3147:

area on May 4. The first took a path from near

2280: 12138: 10607: 10456:National Weather Service Paducah, Kentucky (2003). 10366:National Weather Service Columbia, South Carolina. 10335: 10333: 10282:. Peachtree City, Georgia: National Weather Service 10201:. Peachtree City, Georgia: National Weather Service 9648: 9415: 8681: 8679: 8246: 8244: 8220: 8218: 8216: 7587: 7585: 7006: 7004: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6743: 6741: 6437: 6166:"Event Report for F2 Tornado in Wood County, Texas" 5381: 4600: 4411: 4017: 4011: 2376:. Significant damage occurred to infrastructure in 1895:By around 13:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. CDT), the 12191:NCDC Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters Summary 12019: 12017: 11671: 10917: 10446: 10247:National Weather Service Peachtree City, Georgia. 10220:National Weather Service Peachtree City, Georgia. 10186: 9762: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9120:NWS Louisville - May 11, 2003 Severe Weather Event 9040: 7311:. Norman, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Climatological Survey 5976: 5974: 5337: 5335: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5110: 4729: 4229: 4227: 3191:; the floods caused $ 1.3 million in damage. 605:(2:00 a.m. CDT). Tornadoes were reported in 102:Tornadic: 207–260 mph (333–418 km/h) in 11584: 11038: 10655:. Newport News, Virginia. Daily Press. p. C2 10267: 10079: 9986:. Morristown, Tennessee: National Weather Service 9984:Record Flooding of May 2003 across East Tennessee 9968: 9471:. Hays, Kansas. Associated Press. pp. A1, A6 9449: 4052:"State of the Climate: Tornadoes for Annual 2011" 3842:(5). American Meteorological Society: 1136–1154. 13636: 12327:– Images and videos of the Kansas City Tornadoes 12120: 12075:Linder, Melissa; Schneider, Troy (May 5, 2019). 12068: 11883:"Oklahoma Severe Storms and Tornadoes (DR-1465)" 11754:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11633:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11572:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11515:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11488:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11461:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11434:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11407:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11346:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11316:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11289:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11262:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11201:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11174:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11114:. National Centers for Environmental Information 11087:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10978: 10966:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10878:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10851:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10824:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10797:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10770:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10743:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10716:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10689:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10595:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10568:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10497:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10434:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10374:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10368:"South Carolina Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 10330: 10255:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10228:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10124:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10067:. National Centers for Environmental Information 10040:. National Centers for Environmental Information 9978:National Weather Service Morristown, Tennessee. 9922:. National Centers for Environmental Information 9900:. National Centers for Environmental Information 9878:. National Centers for Environmental Information 9700: 9399:National Weather Service Kansas City, Missouri. 9182: 9139: 9137: 9004: 8676: 8241: 8213: 8195:An Overview of the May 10, 2003 Tornado Outbreak 8080: 7608: 7582: 7464: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7001: 6764: 6738: 4981: 4085:. National Centers for Environmental Information 2203:assessed by survey crews to have been caused by 2055: 13381: 12395:Storm Survey Results for the May 10, 2003 Event 12074: 12014: 10737:"West Virginia Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 10587:National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington. 10299: 10297: 10059:National Weather Service Nashville, Tennessee. 10032:National Weather Service Nashville, Tennessee. 9998: 9955:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9737:"Trail of devastation left in Christian County" 9689: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9191:"May-11-2003 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 9013:"May-10-2003 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 8688:"May-10-2003 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 8253:"May-10-2003 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 8227:"May-10-2003 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 8060: 8058: 8056: 8054: 7617:"May- 9-2003 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 7594:"May- 9-2003 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 7473:"May- 9-2003 0100 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 7013:"May- 8-2003 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 6780:"May- 8-2003 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 6750:"May- 8-2003 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 6193:"May- 7-2003 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 6184: 5983:"May- 6-2003 2000 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 5971: 5908:"May- 6-2003 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 5899: 5650:"May- 5-2003 2000 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 5641: 5627:"May- 5-2003 2000 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 5618: 5367:"May- 5-2003 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 5358: 5344:"May- 5-2003 2000 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 5332: 5318:"May- 5-2003 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 5304: 5290:"May- 4-2003 0800 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook" 5281: 5073:"May- 5-2003 0100 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 5064: 4792:"May- 4-2003 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 4783: 4769:"May- 3-2003 0800 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook" 4760: 4666:(6). American Meteorological Society: 939–951. 4374:"May- 4-2003 0100 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 4365: 4236:"May- 3-2003 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 4224: 4208:"May- 3-2003 2000 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 4191:"May- 3-2003 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 4174:"May- 3-2003 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 4157:"May- 3-2003 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 4106:"May- 4-2003 2000 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook" 4070: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3941:(4). American Meteorological Society: 531–542. 3935:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 3734:aided relief efforts in Pierce City, Missouri. 3306:, submerging roads and resulting in one death. 13211: 12053:. New York City. Associated Press. May 5, 2003 12039: 11680:"Severe storms cause damage in parts of state" 11645: 11453:National Weather Service Davenport, Illinois. 11426:National Weather Service St. Louis, Missouri. 11193:National Weather Service St. Louis, Missouri. 11166:National Weather Service St. Louis, Missouri. 11012: 10958:National Weather Service St. Louis, Missouri. 10870:National Weather Service St. Louis, Missouri. 10621:. Baltimore, Maryland. May 8, 2019. p. 2B 10549:. Hamilton, Ontario. May 6, 2003. p. D01. 10426:National Weather Service Wakefield, Virginia. 10159: 10145:"Worst flooding in decades recedes – for most" 10116:National Weather Service Birmingham, Alabama. 10091:"Severe Weather & Flooding of May 7, 2003" 9947:"The May 8, 2003 Oklahoma City Area Tornadoes" 9823: 9821: 9769:Fillmer, Jenny; Ledford, David (May 5, 2003). 9768: 9735:Groves, Jonathan; Eckert, Eric (May 5, 2003). 9490: 9367:"At least 22 killed in region's twisters" 8187: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8177: 4790:Edwards, Roger; Naden, Richard (May 4, 2003). 4050:National Climatic Data Center (January 2012). 528:that had been tracking southeast over eastern 107:Non-tornadic: 115 mph (185 km/h) in 13367: 13197: 12542: 12528: 12449: 12435: 12000: 11653:"Search Results for All Counties in Oklahoma" 11333: 11331: 11020:"Small twisters move across Missouri, Kansas" 10762:National Weather Service Hastings, Nebraska. 10647:Paust, Matthew; McCloud, Tina (May 9, 2003). 10523:. Paducah, Kentucky: National Weather Service 10484: 10482: 10467:. Paducah, Kentucky: National Weather Service 10305:"Severe weather gives area residents a scare" 9189:Kerr, Brynn W.; Jewell, Ryan (May 11, 2003). 9134: 9108: 8251:Kerr, Brynn W.; Jewell, Ryan (May 10, 2003). 7396: 7288: 5762: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 2950: 1994:Confirmed tornadoes and tornado warnings from 1874:National Weather Service Nashville, Tennessee 12356:Severe Weather & Flooding of May 7, 2003 11766: 11686:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. pp. 1–A, 2–A 11625:National Weather Service Detroit, Michigan. 11507:National Weather Service Chicago, Illinois. 11480:National Weather Service Chicago, Illinois. 11047:"Heavy storms again pummel the bistate area" 10735:National Weather Service Roanoke, Virginia. 10681:National Weather Service Roanoke, Virginia. 10646: 10489:National Weather Service Paducah, Kentucky. 10294: 9734: 9360: 9358: 9356: 9297: 8066:"The May 9, 2003 Central Oklahoma Tornadoes" 8051: 7615:Kerr, Brynn W.; Jewell, Ryan (May 9, 2003). 4789: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 3994:"Record Tornado Outbreaks of May 4–10, 2003" 3971: 3771:List of Cleveland County, Oklahoma tornadoes 3416:Throughout the severe weather outbreak, the 2855:caused incredible damage across much of the 1703:National Weather Service St. Louis, Missouri 369:of the outbreak. Throughout this period, no 13720:2003 natural disasters in the United States 11982: 11281:National Weather Service Des Moines, Iowa. 11254:National Weather Service Des Moines, Iowa. 11219: 10147:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: GateHouse Media, LLC 10097:. Calera, Alabama: National Weather Service 10013:. Hanover, New Hampshire: Dartmouth College 9951:National Weather Service – Norman, Oklahoma 9920:"Storm Event Database 2003-05-08 16:15 CST" 9898:"Storm Event Database 2003-05-08 16:10 CST" 9876:"Storm Event Database 2003-05-08 16:04 CST" 9818: 9285:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 9262:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 9239:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 9216:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 9193:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 9170:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 9116:"May 11, 2003 Severe Weather/Tornado Event" 9096:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 9073:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 9015:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8992:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8969:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8946:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8923:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8874:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8851:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8828:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8805:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8782:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8759:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8736:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8713:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8690:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8662:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8645:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8628:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8603:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8580:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8557:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8534:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8511:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8488:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8465:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8442:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8419:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8396:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8373:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8350:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8324:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8301:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8278:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8255:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8229:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8174: 8162:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8139:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8116:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8039:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 8016:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7993:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7970:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7944:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7921:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7898:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7875:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7852:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7829:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7806:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7783:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7757:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7734:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7711:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7688:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7665:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7642:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7619:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7596:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7570:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7547:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7524:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7475:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7452:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7429:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7384:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7334:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7263: 7251:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7202:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7179:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7156:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7133:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7110:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7087:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7064:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7041:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 7015:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6989:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6966:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6943:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6920:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6897:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6874:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6851:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6828:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6805:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6782:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6752:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6726:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6703:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6680:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6657:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6634:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6608:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6585:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6562:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6539:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6516:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6493:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6470:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6425:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6402:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6379:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6356:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6333:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6310:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6287:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6264:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6241:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6218:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6195:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6146:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6123:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6100:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6077:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6054:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6031:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 6008:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5985:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5959:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5933:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5910:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5887:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5864:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5841:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5818:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5795:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5744:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5721:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5698:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5675:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5652:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5629:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5606:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5583:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5560:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5489:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5440:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5417:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5369:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5346:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5320:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5292:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5269:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5246:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5221:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5204:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5187:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5170:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5153:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5098:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5075:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5052:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 5029:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4912:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4889:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4866:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4843:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4820:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4794:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4771:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4399:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4376:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4353:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4330:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4307:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4284:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4261:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4238:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4210:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4193:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4176:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4159:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4133:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 4031:. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center 3877: 3261: 3143:A pair of damaging hailstorms impacted the 1792:, at 03:35 UTC (10:35 p.m. CDT). 348:blew almost perpendicular, creating strong 13374: 13360: 13204: 13190: 12535: 12521: 12442: 12428: 11748:"Oklahoma Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 11746:National Weather Service Tulsa, Oklahoma. 11739: 11705: 11618: 11564:National Weather Service Cleveland, Ohio. 11557: 11500: 11473: 11446: 11419: 11399:National Weather Service Davenport, Iowa. 11392: 11338:National Weather Service Davenport, Iowa. 11328: 11308:National Weather Service Davenport, Iowa. 11301: 11274: 11247: 11186: 11168:"Missouri Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 11159: 11126: 11108:"Missouri Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 11099: 11072: 10960:"Missouri Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 10951: 10863: 10836: 10816:National Weather Service Wichita, Kansas. 10809: 10782: 10755: 10728: 10701: 10683:"Virginia Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 10674: 10589:"Virginia Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 10580: 10553: 10479: 10419: 10359: 10240: 10213: 10172:Heavy Rainfall in May 2003: NWS Huntsville 10168:"The Long Stretch of Rain is Finally Over" 10109: 10052: 10025: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9392: 9188: 8886: 8250: 7614: 7487: 7359:"May 8, 2003 Oklahoma City Area Tornadoes" 7353: 7351: 7349: 7306:"May 8-9, 2003 Central Oklahoma Tornadoes" 7214: 6190: 5647: 4694: 4516:"Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena" 3214:. The same storms persisted into southern 3167:and $ 20 million in damage in nearby 3161:National Weather Service Paducah, Kentucky 2774: 2755: 2514: 2066: 585:clouds emerged along the dry line east of 524:(9:14 a.m. CDT) in connection with a 409: 30:Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003 12239:Studies of the May 2003 tornado outbreaks 11711: 11220:Moore, Doug; Rowden, Tim (May 11, 2003). 10789:National Weather Service Topeka, Kansas. 10199:Storm Report – Flooding in early May 2003 9848: 9846: 9703:"Rare conditions whip up multiple storms" 9661:National Weather Service Raw Text Product 9503:Southern Illinois University Edwardsville 9443:National Weather Service Raw Text Product 9353: 8341: 8339: 7774: 7772: 6625: 6623: 6191:Mead, Corey; Jewell, Ryan (May 7, 2003). 6158: 5648:Mead, Corey; Jewell, Ryan (May 6, 2003). 5527: 5501: 5452: 4924: 4744: 4679: 4574: 4548: 4436: 3954: 1888:counties and the other striking parts of 12077:"'Whole lot worse than the '99 tornado'" 10818:"Kansas Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 10615:"Tornado warnings issued in Southern Md" 10386: 10011:Space-based Measurement of Surface Water 9709:. Springfield, Missouri. pp. 1A, 5A 9165: 8391: 7961: 7959: 7032: 7030: 6049: 5950: 5948: 5315: 5148: 5093: 5047: 4907: 4811: 4809: 4394: 4348: 3931:"The May 2003 Extended Tornado Outbreak" 3883: 3654: 3341: 3265: 3070: 2954: 2901: 2000: 1739: 1549: 1339: 1298: 1033: 787: 708: 497: 414:On April 30, meteorologists at the 310: 145:363 tornadoes (62 significant) 12382:May 9, 2003: Central Oklahoma Tornadoes 12369:May 8, 2003: Central Oklahoma Tornadoes 12126: 11955: 11928: 11901: 11874: 11847: 11820: 11793: 11364: 10905:. St. Louis, Missouri. pp. A1, A10 10896: 9934: 9293:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 9270:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 9247:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 9224:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 9178:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 9104:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 9081:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 9000:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8977:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8954:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8931:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8882:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8859:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8836:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8813:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8790:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8767:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8744:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8731: 8721:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8670:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8653:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8636:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8611:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8598: 8588:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 8575: 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Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5716: 5706:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5693: 5683:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5670: 5614:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5591:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5568:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5497:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5448:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5425:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5364: 5287: 5277:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5254:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5229:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5216: 5212:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5199: 5195:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5182: 5178:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5165: 5161:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5106:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5060:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 5037:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4920:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4897:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4874:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4851:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4828:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4766: 4407:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4371: 4361:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4338:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4325: 4315:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4292:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4269:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet. 4233: 4171: 4043: 3411: 2945: 2061:Kansas City metropolitan area tornadoes 796:The day's first tornado was a brief F0 730:and an anomalously robust portion of a 248:Time from first tornado to last tornado 14: 13637: 12243:22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms 12108: 12006: 11720:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 8-A 11677: 11310:"Iowa Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind" 10984: 10142: 9843: 9496: 9308: 9228: 9205: 9168:"Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 356" 9159: 9085: 9062: 9010: 8912: 8869: 8863: 8846: 8840: 8777: 8771: 8754: 8748: 8725: 8708: 8702: 8592: 8569: 8546: 8523: 8477: 8454: 8408: 8394:"Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 334" 8385: 8362: 8336: 8313: 8290: 8267: 8134: 8128: 8111: 8105: 8034: 8028: 7939: 7933: 7916: 7910: 7887: 7864: 7841: 7824: 7818: 7801: 7795: 7769: 7746: 7723: 7683: 7677: 7654: 7631: 7565: 7559: 7536: 7513: 7447: 7441: 7424: 7418: 7379: 7373: 7329: 7323: 7246: 7240: 7197: 7191: 7174: 7168: 7099: 7082: 7076: 7059: 7053: 6978: 6955: 6932: 6892: 6886: 6869: 6863: 6817: 6794: 6698: 6692: 6675: 6669: 6620: 6597: 6574: 6560:"Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 286" 6551: 6528: 6511: 6488: 6465: 6420: 5980: 5905: 5882: 5790: 5484: 4259:"Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 219" 4077:National Climatic Data Center (2019). 4029:22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3171:. The second storm produced hail from 1920: 295:, killing 11. In 2023, tornado expert 13355: 13185: 12516: 12423: 11590: 11533: 10987:"Tornadoes return, but damage little" 10195:"Late Spring Season Flooding of 2003" 10061:"Tennessee Event Report: Flash Flood" 10034:"Tennessee Event Report: Flash Flood" 9462: 9364: 9274: 9251: 8987: 8981: 8964: 8958: 8941: 8935: 8817: 8800: 8794: 8500: 8431: 8191: 8157: 8151: 8011: 8005: 7982: 7965: 7956: 7700: 7151: 7145: 7128: 7122: 7027: 6915: 6909: 6840: 6721: 6715: 6652: 6646: 6629: 6557: 6505: 6482: 6459: 6414: 6391: 6368: 6351: 6276: 6253: 6230: 6207: 6135: 6112: 6089: 6066: 6020: 6003: 5945: 5922: 5876: 5853: 5830: 5807: 5784: 5733: 5710: 5595: 5572: 5555: 5549: 5478: 5435: 5429: 5412: 5406: 5258: 5235: 5087: 5041: 5024: 4901: 4884: 4861: 4838: 4806: 4319: 4302: 4279: 4256: 4250: 4188: 3820: 3788: 3786: 2728:just north of the small community of 2641:, and was described by meteorologist 2387: 1826: 1626: 1472: 1434:. Widespread thunderstorms—some with 1266: 1148: 1001: 884: 756:convective available potential energy 676: 465: 13725:May 2003 events in the United States 12931:January 2012 (Center Point–Clay, AL) 11712:Stogsdill, Sheila K. (May 6, 2003). 11482:"Illinois Event Report: Strong Wind" 11428:"Illinois Event Report: Flash Flood" 10872:"Missouri Event Report: Flash Flood" 10562:"Kentucky Event Report: Flash Flood" 9280: 9257: 9234: 9211: 9091: 9068: 8918: 8823: 8657: 8640: 8623: 8506: 8437: 8368: 8345: 8319: 8296: 8273: 8224: 8192:Glass, Fred H. (November 10, 2006). 7988: 7893: 7706: 7660: 7637: 7591: 7470: 6777: 6747: 6345: 6322: 6299: 6141: 6118: 6095: 6072: 6043: 5997: 5687: 5664: 5624: 5601: 5578: 5264: 5241: 5094:Thompson, Richard A. (May 4, 2003). 5070: 5018: 4878: 4855: 4832: 4815: 4388: 4342: 4296: 4273: 4205: 4154: 4103: 3895:: The Tornado Project. p. 637. 2207:winds from the parent thunderstorm. 1801:Confirmed tornadoes on May 11, 2003 1601:Confirmed tornadoes on May 10, 2003 1066:, eastern Kansas, western Missouri, 12331:5-04-03 Kansas City, Missouri Chase 12309:May 4, 2003 Severe Weather Outbreak 11593:"High winds cause problems in area" 11542:. Bloomington, Illinois. p. A5 11195:"Missouri Event Report: Heavy Rain" 10993:. Springfield, Missouri. p. 7A 10710:"West Virginia Event Report: Flood" 10428:"North Carolina Event Report: Hail" 10249:"Georgia Event Report: Flash Flood" 10222:"Georgia Event Report: Flash Flood" 10118:"Alabama Event Report: Flash Flood" 9854:"Missouri Event Report: F3 Tornado" 9804:"Missouri Event Report: F1 Tornado" 9777:. Springfield, Missouri. p. 4A 9743:. Springfield, Missouri. p. 5A 9675:"Missouri Event Report: F2 Tornado" 9634:"Missouri Event Report: F4 Tornado" 9612:"Missouri Event Report: F4 Tornado" 9546:"Missouri Event Report: F1 Tornado" 9401:"Missouri Event Report: F4 Tornado" 9309:Stuart, Neil A. (October 7, 2004). 8685: 7105: 7036: 7010: 6847:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 8, 2003). 6329:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 7, 2003). 6306:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 7, 2003). 5694:Corfidi, Stephen A. (May 6, 2003). 5671:Corfidi, Stephen A. (May 6, 2003). 5341: 5288:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 4, 2003). 5217:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 5, 2003). 5200:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 5, 2003). 5183:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 5, 2003). 5166:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 5, 2003). 4767:Corfidi, Stephen F. (May 3, 2003). 4128:"SPC Convective Outlook Guidelines" 3909: 3701:Federal Emergency Management Agency 2495: 2172:Kansas City Power and Light Company 1447:Confirmed tornadoes on May 9, 2003 1241:Confirmed tornadoes on May 8, 2003 1123:Confirmed tornadoes on May 7, 2003 1108:Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area 976:Confirmed tornadoes on May 6, 2003 859:Confirmed tornadoes on May 5, 2003 651:Confirmed tornadoes on May 4, 2003 440:Confirmed tornadoes on May 3, 2003 24: 12313:Midwestern Regional Climate Center 12279:Severe Weather Event – May 4, 2003 12083:. The Jackson Sun. pp. 1A, 2A 11627:"Michigan Event Report: High Wind" 11599:. Lafayette, Louisiana. p. B1 11509:"Illinois Event Report: High Wind" 11455:"Illinois Event Report: High Wind" 10932:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. A19 10517:"Top 10 Weather Headlines of 2003" 10394:"Thunderstorms sweep across state" 10143:Taylor, Stephanie (May 10, 2019). 9829:"Tornado Outbreak – May 4th, 2003" 9497:Hudson, Michael J. (May 7, 2003). 8599:Banacos, Peter C. (May 10, 2003). 3783: 3761:May 1995 tornado outbreak sequence 2974:repeated passages of thunderstorms 2883:near Interstate 40, and also near 114:; 105 mph (169 km/h) in 25: 18:May 2003 tornado outbreak sequence 13746: 13670:Tornadoes in Georgia (U.S. state) 12168: 11970:. Department of Homeland Security 11943:. Department of Homeland Security 11916:. Department of Homeland Security 11889:. Department of Homeland Security 11862:. Department of Homeland Security 11835:. Department of Homeland Security 11808:. Department of Homeland Security 11367:"Hail, rain pummel southern Iowa" 11228:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. A7 11053:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. A8 10791:"Kansas Event Report: High Winds" 9771:"Storm ravages Battlefield homes" 9590:"Kansas Event Report: F4 Tornado" 9568:"Kansas Event Report: F2 Tornado" 9524:"Kansas Event Report: F1 Tornado" 9339:"Kansas Event Report: F2 Tornado" 7871:Banacos, Peter C. (May 9, 2003). 7848:Banacos, Peter C. (May 9, 2003). 7779:Banacos, Peter C. (May 9, 2003). 7753:Banacos, Peter C. (May 9, 2003). 6604:Banacos, Peter C. (May 7, 2003). 4908:Thompson, Richard (May 4, 2003). 4326:Banacos, Peter C. (May 3, 2003). 3739:Department of Commerce Gold Medal 3016:presidential disaster declaration 2286:Pierce City–Battlefield, Missouri 2281:Pierce City–Battlefield, Missouri 2236:across both Wyandotte County and 2168:Kansas City International Airport 1993: 425:Particularly Dangerous Situations 12094: 11731: 11697: 11610: 11566:"Ohio Event Report: Strong Wind" 11384: 11239: 11151: 11064: 11004: 10943: 10926:"Cleanup begins in storms' path" 10666: 10632: 10458:"May 4 Hailstorms in Western KY" 10411: 10322: 9912: 9890: 9868: 9796: 9788: 9754: 9720: 9667: 9626: 9604: 9582: 9560: 9538: 9516: 9482: 9465:"Tornadoes hit Kansas, Missouri" 9384: 9330: 8615: 7152:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 8, 2003). 7129:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 8, 2003). 6916:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 8, 2003). 6630:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 7, 2003). 6558:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 7, 2003). 6421:Taylor, Sarah J. (May 7, 2003). 6352:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 7, 2003). 6004:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 6, 2003). 5981:Taylor, Sarah J. (May 6, 2003). 5883:Taylor, Sarah J. (May 6, 2003). 5791:Taylor, Sarah J. (May 6, 2003). 5316:McCarthy, Daniel (May 5, 2003). 5025:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 4, 2003). 4885:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 4, 2003). 4862:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 4, 2003). 4839:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 4, 2003). 4633:"NWS Nashville Tornado Database" 4303:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 3, 2003). 4280:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 3, 2003). 4257:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 3, 2003). 4189:Evans, Jeffry A. (May 3, 2003). 3478: 3466: 2929: 2841:Most severe tornado damage; see 2714:Most severe tornado damage; see 2583:A large tornado touched down in 2573:Most severe tornado damage; see 2461:Most severe tornado damage; see 2346:Most severe tornado damage; see 2151:Most severe tornado damage; see 2001: 1909:this region: an F0 tornado 1684: 1668: 241:Most severe tornado damage; see 12247:American Meteorological Society 12200:American Meteorological Society 10545:"State-by-state storm damage". 9166:Thompson, Rich (May 11, 2003). 9145:"May 11, 2003 Tornado Outbreak" 8988:Hales, John E. (May 10, 2003). 8965:Hales, John E. (May 10, 2003). 8942:Hales, John E. (May 10, 2003). 8801:Hales, John E. (May 10, 2003). 8732:Crosbie, Casey (May 10, 2003). 8576:Crosbie, Casey (May 10, 2003). 8553:Crosbie, Casey (May 10, 2003). 8530:Crosbie, Casey (May 10, 2003). 8484:Crosbie, Casey (May 10, 2003). 8461:Crosbie, Casey (May 10, 2003). 8415:Crosbie, Casey (May 10, 2003). 8392:Thompson, Rich (May 10, 2003). 8135:Peters, Mark A. (May 9, 2003). 8112:Peters, Mark A. (May 9, 2003). 8035:Peters, Mark A. (May 9, 2003). 7940:Peters, Mark A. (May 9, 2003). 7917:Darrow, Mark A. (May 9, 2003). 7825:Darrow, Mark A. (May 9, 2003). 7802:Darrow, Mark A. (May 9, 2003). 7684:Darrow, Mark A. (May 9, 2003). 7566:Darrow, Mark A. (May 8, 2003). 7247:Darrow, Mark A. (May 8, 2003). 7175:Darrow, Mark A. (May 8, 2003). 7083:Darrow, Mark A. (May 8, 2003). 7060:Darrow, Mark A. (May 8, 2003). 6893:Darrow, Mark A. (May 8, 2003). 6870:Darrow, Mark A. (May 8, 2003). 5139: 4688: 4145: 3889:Significant Tornadoes 1974–2022 3799: 3357:low-pressure area in their wake 3140:, damaging vehicles and homes. 2914:In the Oklahoma City area, the 2857:Oklahoma City metropolitan area 2798: 2738:McKeller-Sipes Regional Airport 2679: 2538: 2475:. As it moved northeast across 2418: 2311: 2100: 2036: 2022: 2008: 1539:first tornado touching down in 1391:Oklahoma City metropolitan area 324:. Idealized patterns for large 189:4.75 in (12.1 cm) in 150: 11678:Medley, Robert (May 5, 2003). 11534:Cross, Pamela (May 24, 2019). 11373:. Des Moines, Iowa. p. 1B 11365:Deering, Tara (May 10, 2003). 10985:Wilson, Angela (May 7, 2003). 8158:Hales, John E. (May 9, 2003). 8012:Hales, John E. (May 9, 2003). 7966:Hales, John E. (May 9, 2003). 7730:Crosbie, Casie (May 9, 2003). 7543:Crosbie, Casey (May 8, 2003). 7520:Crosbie, Casey (May 8, 2003). 6939:Crosbie, Casey (May 8, 2003). 6722:Hales, John E. (May 7, 2003). 6653:Hales, John E. (May 7, 2003). 6581:Broyles, Chris (May 7, 2003). 6535:Broyles, Chris (May 7, 2003). 6398:Broyles, Chris (May 7, 2003). 6375:Broyles, Chris (May 7, 2003). 6283:Edwards, Roger (May 7, 2003). 6260:Edwards, Roger (May 7, 2003). 6237:Edwards, Roger (May 7, 2003). 6214:Edwards, Roger (May 7, 2003). 6142:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 6, 2003). 6119:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 6, 2003). 6096:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 6, 2003). 6073:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 6, 2003). 6050:Thompson, Rich (May 6, 2003). 6027:Broyles, Chris (May 6, 2003). 5955:Broyles, Chris (May 6, 2003). 5929:Broyles, Chris (May 6, 2003). 5860:Broyles, Chris (May 6, 2003). 5837:Broyles, Chris (May 6, 2003). 5814:Edwards, Roger (May 6, 2003). 5740:Edwards, Roger (May 6, 2003). 5717:Edwards, Roger (May 6, 2003). 5602:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 5, 2003). 5579:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 5, 2003). 5556:Hales, John E. (May 5, 2003). 5436:Hales, John E. (May 5, 2003). 5413:Hales, John E. (May 5, 2003). 5365:Edwards, Roger (May 5, 2003). 5149:Thompson, Rich (May 5, 2003). 5048:Thompson, Rich (May 4, 2003). 4816:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 4, 2003). 4635:. Mississippi State University 4395:Thompson, Rich (May 4, 2003). 4372:Edwards, Roger (May 3, 2003). 4349:Thompson, Rich (May 3, 2003). 4234:Edwards, Roger (May 3, 2003). 4206:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 3, 2003). 4172:Edwards, Roger (May 3, 2003). 4155:Kerr, Brynn W. (May 3, 2003). 4097: 2861:1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak 2603:(5 miles (8 km) north of 1992: 13: 1: 12401:The Tornadoes of May 10, 2003 12147:"Biennial Review — 2003/2004" 11779:May 2003 Severe Weather Event 11401:"Illinois Event Report: Hail" 11081:"Missouri Event Report: Hail" 10897:Jonsson, Greg (May 7, 2019). 10845:"Missouri Event Report: Hail" 10764:"Nebraska Event Report: Hail" 10491:"Kentucky Event Report: Hail" 10005:Dartmouth Flood Observatory. 9011:Peters, Jeff (May 10, 2003). 8870:Darrow, Mark (May 10, 2003). 8847:Darrow, Mark (May 10, 2003). 8778:Darrow, Mark (May 10, 2003). 8755:Darrow, Mark (May 10, 2003). 8709:Darrow, Mark (May 10, 2003). 6985:Edwards, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 6962:Edwards, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 6824:Edwards, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 6801:Edwards, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 5342:Imy, David A. (May 5, 2003). 3813: 3418:National Climatic Data Center 3080:including Chickamauga Creek, 2595:(5 miles (8 km) east of 2163:Kansas City metropolitan area 2056:Kansas City metropolitan area 1911:Lycoming County, Pennsylvania 1870:National Climatic Data Center 1545:Greene County, North Carolina 828:, Mississippi, Missouri, and 631:Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska 12899:Hackleburg–Phil Campbell, AL 12890:Mid-April 2011 (April 19-24) 12885:Mid-April 2011 (April 14-16) 12344:May 6, 2003 Tornado Outbreak 12291:Severe Weather May 4–5, 2003 12266:Severe Weather May 1–3, 2003 12223:Worst Week Ever For Twisters 11591:Smith, Erin (May 12, 2003). 9463:Scott, David (May 5, 2019). 9365:Scott, David (May 5, 2003). 9092:Mead, Corey (May 11, 2003). 8369:Mead, Corey (May 10, 2003). 8346:Mead, Corey (May 10, 2003). 8320:Mead, Corey (May 10, 2003). 8297:Mead, Corey (May 10, 2003). 8274:Mead, Corey (May 10, 2003). 7448:Peters, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 7425:Peters, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 7380:Peters, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 7330:Peters, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 7198:Peters, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 6699:Peters, Jeff (May 7, 2003). 6676:Peters, Jeff (May 7, 2003). 6512:Peters, Jeff (May 8, 2003). 6489:Peters, Jeff (May 7, 2003). 6466:Peters, Jeff (May 7, 2003). 5906:Darrow, Mark (May 6, 2003). 5485:Jewell, Ryan (May 5, 2003). 3766:Tornado outbreak of May 2019 3756:List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes 3730:bound for deployment in the 3728:Missouri Army National Guard 3497: 3115:Severe weather swept across 3014:, necessitating a 20-county 1913:, and an F1 tornado in 7: 13383:Tornado events in Wisconsin 12352:(NWS Little Rock, Arkansas) 12287:(NWS Springfield, Missouri) 12281:(NWS Kansas City, Missouri) 12268:(NWS Little Rock, Arkansas) 12208:(NWS Little Rock, Arkansas) 12180:May 2003 Tornado Statistics 12091:– via Newspapers.com. 11728:– via Newspapers.com. 11694:– via Newspapers.com. 11607:– via Newspapers.com. 11550:– via Newspapers.com. 11381:– via Newspapers.com. 11236:– via Newspapers.com. 11148:– via Newspapers.com. 11061:– via Newspapers.com. 11024:The Springfield News-Leader 11001:– via Newspapers.com. 10940:– via Newspapers.com. 10663:– via Newspapers.com. 10629:– via Newspapers.com. 10408:– via Newspapers.com. 10319:– via Newspapers.com. 9785:– via Newspapers.com. 9751:– via Newspapers.com. 9717:– via Newspapers.com. 9479:– via Newspapers.com. 9381:– via Newspapers.com. 9281:Hart, John (May 11, 2003). 9258:Hart, John (May 11, 2003). 9237:"Mesoscale Discussion 0942" 9235:Hart, John (May 11, 2003). 9214:"Mesoscale Discussion 0941" 9212:Hart, John (May 11, 2003). 9094:"Mesoscale Discussion 0936" 9071:"Mesoscale Discussion 0932" 9069:Dial, Greg (May 10, 2003). 8921:"Mesoscale Discussion 0922" 8919:Dial, Greg (May 10, 2003). 8872:"Mesoscale Discussion 0916" 8849:"Mesoscale Discussion 0915" 8824:Hart, John (May 10, 2003). 8780:"Mesoscale Discussion 0919" 8757:"Mesoscale Discussion 0909" 8734:"Mesoscale Discussion 0908" 8711:"Mesoscale Discussion 0904" 8686:Imy, David (May 10, 2003). 8658:Hart, John (May 10, 2003). 8641:Hart, John (May 10, 2003). 8624:Hart, John (May 10, 2003). 8601:"Mesoscale Discussion 0923" 8578:"Mesoscale Discussion 0921" 8555:"Mesoscale Discussion 0914" 8532:"Mesoscale Discussion 0910" 8507:Hart, John (May 10, 2003). 8486:"Mesoscale Discussion 0906" 8463:"Mesoscale Discussion 0905" 8438:Hart, John (May 10, 2003). 8417:"Mesoscale Discussion 0907" 8371:"Mesoscale Discussion 0902" 8348:"Mesoscale Discussion 0898" 8322:"Mesoscale Discussion 0901" 8299:"Mesoscale Discussion 0899" 8276:"Mesoscale Discussion 0897" 8225:Dial, Greg (May 10, 2003). 8137:"Mesoscale Discussion 0895" 8114:"Mesoscale Discussion 0889" 8037:"Mesoscale Discussion 0891" 7942:"Mesoscale Discussion 0885" 7919:"Mesoscale Discussion 0879" 7896:"Mesoscale Discussion 0878" 7873:"Mesoscale Discussion 0890" 7850:"Mesoscale Discussion 0882" 7827:"Mesoscale Discussion 0877" 7804:"Mesoscale Discussion 0875" 7686:"Mesoscale Discussion 0876" 7663:"Mesoscale Discussion 0874" 7661:Mead, Corey (May 9, 2003). 7640:"Mesoscale Discussion 0872" 7638:Mead, Corey (May 9, 2003). 7568:"Mesoscale Discussion 0854" 7545:"Mesoscale Discussion 0860" 7522:"Mesoscale Discussion 0853" 7471:Dial, David (May 9, 2003). 7450:"Mesoscale Discussion 0868" 7427:"Mesoscale Discussion 0867" 7382:"Mesoscale Discussion 0863" 7332:"Mesoscale Discussion 0865" 7249:"Mesoscale Discussion 0858" 7200:"Mesoscale Discussion 0861" 7177:"Mesoscale Discussion 0857" 7108:"Mesoscale Discussion 0856" 7062:"Mesoscale Discussion 0851" 6987:"Mesoscale Discussion 0844" 6964:"Mesoscale Discussion 0840" 6941:"Mesoscale Discussion 0855" 6895:"Mesoscale Discussion 0847" 6872:"Mesoscale Discussion 0846" 6826:"Mesoscale Discussion 0843" 6803:"Mesoscale Discussion 0839" 6778:Goss, Steve (May 8, 2003). 6701:"Mesoscale Discussion 0836" 6678:"Mesoscale Discussion 0828" 6632:"Mesoscale Discussion 0824" 6606:"Mesoscale Discussion 0829" 6583:"Mesoscale Discussion 0826" 6537:"Mesoscale Discussion 0825" 6514:"Mesoscale Discussion 0837" 6491:"Mesoscale Discussion 0834" 6468:"Mesoscale Discussion 0830" 6423:"Mesoscale Discussion 0822" 6400:"Mesoscale Discussion 0821" 6377:"Mesoscale Discussion 0817" 6285:"Mesoscale Discussion 0816" 6262:"Mesoscale Discussion 0813" 6239:"Mesoscale Discussion 0812" 6216:"Mesoscale Discussion 0811" 6144:"Mesoscale Discussion 0810" 6121:"Mesoscale Discussion 0810" 6098:"Mesoscale Discussion 0807" 6075:"Mesoscale Discussion 0801" 6029:"Mesoscale Discussion 0799" 5957:"Mesoscale Discussion 0789" 5931:"Mesoscale Discussion 0787" 5885:"Mesoscale Discussion 0791" 5862:"Mesoscale Discussion 0785" 5839:"Mesoscale Discussion 0784" 5816:"Mesoscale Discussion 0783" 5793:"Mesoscale Discussion 0786" 5742:"Mesoscale Discussion 0781" 5719:"Mesoscale Discussion 0780" 5625:Mead, Corey (May 6, 2003). 5604:"Mesoscale Discussion 0777" 5581:"Mesoscale Discussion 0775" 5558:"Mesoscale Discussion 0758" 5487:"Mesoscale Discussion 0758" 5438:"Mesoscale Discussion 0763" 5415:"Mesoscale Discussion 0758" 5267:"Mesoscale Discussion 0757" 5265:Goss, Steve (May 5, 2003). 5244:"Mesoscale Discussion 0754" 5242:Goss, Steve (May 5, 2003). 5096:"Mesoscale Discussion 0743" 5071:Mead, Corey (May 5, 2003). 4910:"Mesoscale Discussion 0734" 4818:"Mesoscale Discussion 0726" 4328:"Mesoscale Discussion 0706" 3744: 3447:Oklahoma Gas & Electric 3228:Gloucester County, Virginia 2835:$ 370.5 million (2003 USD) 1726:mesoscale convective vortex 1568:severe thunderstorm warning 572:, showed the presence of a 526:mesoscale convective system 306: 10: 13751: 13213:Tornado events in Maryland 12605:Early-April 1936 (April 5) 12600:Early-April 1936 (April 1) 12416:(NWS Nashville, Tennessee) 12397:(NWS Quad Cities, Iowa/IL) 12299:(NWS Nashville, Tennessee) 12262:(NWS Quad Cities, Iowa/IL) 11256:"Iowa Event Report: Flood" 10280:May 2, 2003, Thunderstorms 9657:"Liberty Tornado Rated F2" 9283:"Tornado Watch Number 358" 9260:"Tornado Watch Number 357" 8440:"Tornado Watch Number 335" 8160:"Tornado Watch Number 329" 8014:"Tornado Watch Number 324" 7991:"Tornado Watch Number 320" 7989:Hart, John (May 9, 2003). 7968:"Tornado Watch Number 321" 7894:Hart, John (May 9, 2003). 7781:"Mesoscale Discussion 893" 7755:"Mesoscale Discussion 887" 7732:"Mesoscale Discussion 880" 7709:"Tornado Watch Number 317" 7707:Hart, John (May 9, 2003). 7592:Dial, Greg (May 9, 2003). 7154:"Tornado Watch Number 305" 7131:"Tornado Watch Number 304" 7106:Imy, David (May 8, 2003). 7085:"Mesoscale Discussion 085" 7039:"Tornado Watch Number 303" 7037:Imy, David (May 8, 2003). 7011:Imy, David (May 8, 2003). 6918:"Tornado Watch Number 300" 6849:"Tornado Watch Number 298" 6748:Dial, Greg (May 8, 2003). 6724:"Tornado Watch Number 293" 6655:"Tornado Watch Number 290" 6445:"20030503's Storm Reports" 5392:"20030505's Storm Reports" 4608:"20030504's Storm Reports" 4422:"20030503's Storm Reports" 2951:Southeastern United States 2740:. The tornado then struck 2374:Christian County, Missouri 2184:Leavenworth County, Kansas 2137:$ 138.5 million (2003 USD) 1924: 1778:lifting condensation level 846:, that later tore through 623:Meade County, South Dakota 169:7 days, 22 hours 13735:May 2003 events in Canada 13389: 13219: 12915:Tuscaloosa–Birmingham, AL 12550: 12544:Tornado events in Alabama 12457: 12451:Tornado outbreaks of 2003 12358:(NWS Birmingham, Alabama) 11340:"Iowa Event Report: Hail" 11283:"Iowa Event Report: Hail" 5004:10.1080/00431670409605439 4108:. Storm Prediction Center 3635: 3617: 3599: 3581: 3563: 3545: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3165:Marshall County, Kentucky 3001:at Chattanooga reached a 2940:Crawford County, Missouri 2839: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2773: 2765: 2726:Madison County, Tennessee 2712: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2607:), the path reached over 2571: 2567:4 fatalities, 20 injuries 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2513: 2505: 2459: 2451: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2397: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2198:near the intersection of 2149: 2141: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2099: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2065: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1795: 1790:Woodford County, Illinois 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1595: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 838:varied between a unified 810:Jericho Springs, Missouri 673: 670: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 564:, and Texas. Although an 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 392:tornado outbreak sequence 239: 228: 216: 208: 204: 200: 196: 185: 181: 177: 173: 163: 149: 139: 135: 131: 127: 95: 91: 87: 83: 60: 46: 42: 38: 34: 13695:Tornadoes in Mississippi 12580:Palm Sunday (March) 1920 12214:(NWS Memphis, Tennessee) 3856:10.1175/WAF-D-11-00116.1 3776: 3724:203rd Engineer Battalion 3315:and washed out roads in 3262:Midwestern United States 2483:and progressed north of 2225:Wyandotte County, Kansas 2223:at 3:54 pm. CDT in 1932:Confirmed tornadoes by 1676:Surface weather analysis 1541:Augusta County, Virginia 1536:planetary boundary layer 1441: 1424:Johnson County, Missouri 1235: 1117: 970: 853: 763:computer forecast models 728:negatively-tilted trough 645: 536:during the morning. The 434: 301:outbreak intensity score 281:Mississippi River Valley 116:Johnson County, Missouri 12346:(NWS Paducah, Kentucky) 12293:(Little Rock, Arkansas) 12134:(subscription required) 12116:(subscription required) 12064:(subscription required) 12010:(subscription required) 11996:(subscription required) 11553:(subscription required) 11536:"Winds bring blackouts" 11371:The Des Moines Register 11226:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 11138:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 11051:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 10991:Springfield News-Leader 10930:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 10903:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 10095:NWS Birmingham, Alabama 9775:Springfield News-Leader 9741:Springfield News-Leader 9707:Springfield News-Leader 9371:Springfield News-Leader 4660:Weather and Forecasting 3836:Weather and Forecasting 3487:Whiteman Air Force Base 3370:Jersey County, Illinois 3325:Whiteman Air Force Base 3218:, downing trees in the 3177:McLean County, Kentucky 3169:Massac County, Illinois 3120:and building damage. A 2991:South Chickamauga Creek 2761:Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 2756:Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 2624:Barton County, Missouri 2455:$ 49 million (2003 USD) 2196:Platte County, Missouri 2186:and was first noted by 2177:Pleasant Hill, Missouri 1878:McLean County, Kentucky 743:Pleasant Hill, Missouri 516:atmospheric instability 416:Storm Prediction Center 410:Meteorological synopsis 235:, Eastern United States 72:–May 11, 2003 13730:2003 natural disasters 13715:Tornadoes in Wisconsin 13710:Tornadoes in Tennessee 13574:June 19 & 21, 2011 12800:Hurricane Katrina 2005 12384:(NWS Norman, Oklahoma) 12371:(NWS Norman, Oklahoma) 12186:NWS Service Assessment 10547:The Hamilton Spectator 7304:McManus, Gary (2004). 4756:– via CiteSeerX. 3893:St. Johnsbury, Vermont 3703:(FEMA). FEMA director 3660: 3506:Disaster Declarations 3347: 3271: 3157:Calvert City, Kentucky 3076: 3058:Alabama State Route 22 2960: 2934:Several cities in the 2919:Oklahoma City Assembly 2907: 2708:11 deaths, 86 injuries 2274:William Jewell College 2161:Northern parts of the 1915:Wayne County, New York 1745: 1566:and was marked with a 1555: 1432:Essex County, Virginia 1345: 1304: 1039: 793: 714: 503: 317: 109:Wayne County, Kentucky 13705:Tornadoes in Oklahoma 13700:Tornadoes in Missouri 13690:Tornadoes in Maryland 13685:Tornadoes in Kentucky 13675:Tornadoes in Illinois 13665:Tornadoes in Colorado 13660:Tornadoes in Arkansas 13624:May 21 & 26, 2024 13459:May 5 & 7–8, 1965 13321:Hurricane Isaias 2020 11752:Storm Events Database 11657:Storm Events Database 11631:Storm Events Database 11570:Storm Events Database 11513:Storm Events Database 11486:Storm Events Database 11459:Storm Events Database 11432:Storm Events Database 11405:Storm Events Database 11344:Storm Events Database 11314:Storm Events Database 11287:Storm Events Database 11260:Storm Events Database 11199:Storm Events Database 11172:Storm Events Database 11112:Storm Events Database 11085:Storm Events Database 10964:Storm Events Database 10876:Storm Events Database 10849:Storm Events Database 10822:Storm Events Database 10795:Storm Events Database 10768:Storm Events Database 10741:Storm Events Database 10714:Storm Events Database 10687:Storm Events Database 10593:Storm Events Database 10566:Storm Events Database 10495:Storm Events Database 10432:Storm Events Database 10372:Storm Events Database 10253:Storm Events Database 10226:Storm Events Database 10122:Storm Events Database 10065:Storm Events Database 10038:Storm Events Database 8898:Storm Events Database 7499:Storm Events Database 7226:Storm Events Database 6170:Storm Events Database 5513:Storm Events Database 5464:Storm Events Database 4936:Storm Events Database 4586:Storm Events Database 4560:Storm Events Database 3956:10.1175/BAMS-86-4-531 3658: 3345: 3284:Offutt Air Force Base 3269: 3173:Pope County, Illinois 3074: 2958: 2905: 2881:Tinker Air Force Base 2585:Neosho County, Kansas 2520:Tornado near Franklin 2447:3 deaths, 37 injuries 2378:Battlefield, Missouri 2362:National Guard Armory 2358:Pierce City, Missouri 2254:Clay County, Missouri 2129:2 deaths, 67 injuries 1897:extratropical cyclone 1770:Linn County, Missouri 1743: 1553: 1343: 1331:convective inhibition 1302: 1082:counties in Georgia. 1037: 936:Belleville, Tennessee 818:Pierce City, Missouri 806:Kansas City, Missouri 800:that touched down in 791: 712: 640:Haskell County, Texas 501: 314: 270:affected much of the 64:May 3, 2003 13655:Tornadoes in Alabama 12946:Hurricane Isaac 2012 12700:Hurricane Hilda 1964 12690:Hurricane Carla 1961 12319:Pierce City Rebuilds 12129:Akron Beacon Journal 10398:Rocky Mount Telegram 8990:"Tornado Number 351" 8967:"Tornado Number 349" 8944:"Tornado Number 348" 8826:"Tornado Number 338" 8803:"Tornado Number 346" 8660:"Tornado Number 345" 8643:"Tornado Number 343" 8626:"Tornado Number 340" 8509:"Tornado Number 336" 4104:Dial (May 4, 2003). 3629:$ 1.64 million 3611:$ 62.6 million 3593:$ 6.67 million 3557:$ 28.3 million 3539:$ 8.67 million 3449:, including half of 3412:South-Central Plains 3398:Allen Park, Michigan 3292:Chase County, Kansas 3240:Little Kanawha River 2946:Non-tornadic impacts 2926:significant damage. 2851:Four years after an 1758:atmospheric sounding 1196:Houston, Mississippi 802:Scott County, Kansas 566:atmospheric sounding 191:Mahaska County, Iowa 13680:Tornadoes in Kansas 13286:Super Outbreak 2011 13001:Early-February 2017 12981:Early-February 2016 12895:Super Outbreak 2011 12720:Super Outbreak 1974 11718:The Daily Oklahoman 11684:The Daily Oklahoman 11597:Journal and Courier 9469:The Hays Daily News 6354:"Tornado Watch 284" 6331:"Tornado Watch 283" 6308:"Tornado Watch 282" 6052:"Tornado Watch 275" 6006:"Tornado Watch 273" 5696:"Tornado Watch 262" 5673:"Tornado Watch 261" 5219:"Tornado Watch 247" 5202:"Tornado Watch 245" 5185:"Tornado Watch 244" 5168:"Tornado Watch 243" 5151:"Tornado Watch 240" 5050:"Tornado Watch 239" 5027:"Tornado Watch 234" 4996:2004Weawi..57b..46M 4887:"Tornado Watch 233" 4864:"Tornado Watch 232" 4841:"Tornado Watch 231" 4672:2006WtFor..21..939D 4397:"Tornado Watch 227" 4351:"Tornado Watch 224" 4305:"Tornado Watch 222" 4282:"Tornado Watch 220" 3947:2005BAMS...86..531H 3885:Grazulis, Thomas P. 3848:2012WtFor..27.1136T 3712:Northmoor, Missouri 3507: 3406:Ypsilanti, Michigan 3134:Progress Energy Inc 3086:Chattahoochee River 2762: 2655: 2633:The Weather Channel 2502: 2394: 2287: 2261:Gladstone, Missouri 2246:Parkville, Missouri 2062: 1997: 1936: 1921:Confirmed tornadoes 1802: 1754:St. Louis, Missouri 1701:A meteorologist at 1602: 1448: 1242: 1124: 1052:Mid-Atlantic states 977: 860: 652: 441: 378:the formation of a 316:38 fatalities. 31: 13594:September 20, 2018 13424:September 26, 1951 13336:Hurricane Ida 2021 13111:Late-November 2022 13081:Hurricane Ida 2021 12986:Late-February 2016 12850:Super Tuesday 2008 12830:Late-November 2006 12810:Late-November 2005 12630:Late-February 1952 12051:The New York Times 10345:NWS Wilmington, NC 8088:"Event Chronology" 7271:"Event Chronology" 4056:Climate Monitoring 3716:American Red Cross 3661: 3575:$ 61 million 3502: 3451:Pawhuska, Oklahoma 3378:Freeport, Illinois 3362:Fort Madison, Iowa 3348: 3272: 3189:Little Sandy River 3138:Northampton County 3077: 3032:Greater Birmingham 2977:watersheds of the 2961: 2908: 2760: 2653: 2500: 2393:Stockton, Missouri 2392: 2388:Stockton, Missouri 2382:Republic, Missouri 2285: 2060: 1931: 1866:Memphis, Tennessee 1800: 1784:, and lifted near 1746: 1600: 1556: 1446: 1346: 1335:moisture advection 1305: 1240: 1122: 1040: 975: 858: 848:Jackson, Tennessee 844:Denmark, Tennessee 814:Stockton, Missouri 794: 771:Dodge City, Kansas 767:Hastings, Nebraska 747:Mississippi Valley 715: 650: 504: 439: 396:Thomas P. Grazulis 318: 297:Thomas P. Grazulis 289:Henderson counties 29: 13650:Tornadoes of 2003 13632: 13631: 13409:November 11, 1911 13349: 13348: 13179: 13178: 13116:Mid-December 2022 12825:Mid-November 2006 12805:Mid-November 2005 12785:Veterans Day 2002 12625:Mid-February 1952 12510: 12509: 10309:The Index-Journal 9501:(Press release). 3902:978-1-879362-01-7 3720:Feed the Children 3695:; U.S. President 3669:Kathleen Sebelius 3653: 3652: 3402:hydrochloric acid 3311:also reported in 3256:Greenbrier County 3224:St. Mary's County 3196:Northern Virginia 3145:Paducah, Kentucky 2897:Oklahoma Counties 2849: 2848: 2722: 2721: 2628:Liberal, Missouri 2581: 2580: 2473:Liberal, Missouri 2469: 2468: 2354: 2353: 2270:Liberty, Missouri 2200:Missouri Route 92 2159: 2158: 2053: 2052: 2041: F2 tornado 2033: F4 tornado 2027: F1 tornado 2019: F3 tornado 2013: F0 tornado 1991: 1990: 1890:Rutherford County 1857: 1856: 1752:remained between 1748:Farther west, an 1657: 1656: 1581:tornado emergency 1530:They reached the 1503: 1502: 1297: 1296: 1179: 1178: 1104:Jackson, Missouri 1032: 1031: 915: 914: 835:Missouri Bootheel 707: 706: 597:and northwestern 574:capping inversion 570:Fort Worth, Texas 496: 495: 420:high-risk outlook 366:shortwave troughs 326:tornado outbreaks 268:tornado outbreaks 260: 259: 254:Tornadoes of 2003 120: 113: 16:(Redirected from 13742: 13604:July 28–29, 2021 13584:June 16–18, 2014 13559:October 26, 2010 13469:January 24, 1967 13454:Palm Sunday 1965 13414:Palm Sunday 1920 13376: 13369: 13362: 13353: 13352: 13341:March–April 2023 13206: 13199: 13192: 13183: 13182: 13136:March–April 2023 13126:Early-March 2023 13121:Mid-January 2023 13101:Early-April 2022 13016:Early-March 2019 12936:Early-March 2012 12880:Early-April 2011 12750:Palm Sunday 1994 12715:Early-April 1974 12537: 12530: 12523: 12514: 12513: 12444: 12437: 12430: 12421: 12420: 12254:April 30 – May 3 12162: 12161: 12159: 12157: 12151: 12142: 12136: 12135: 12132: 12124: 12118: 12117: 12114: 12106: 12100: 12099: 12098: 12092: 12090: 12088: 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Brown 3644: 3626: 3608: 3590: 3572: 3554: 3536: 3508: 3501: 3482: 3470: 3404:from a plant in 3366:Burlington, Iowa 3304:Jefferson County 3126:McCormick County 3110:Chattooga County 3094:Sweetwater Creek 3052:nearly isolated 3050:Tallapoosa River 3037:Jefferson County 3012:Middle Tennessee 2979:Little Tennessee 2800: 2778: 2763: 2759: 2681: 2656: 2652: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2540: 2518: 2503: 2501:Franklin, Kansas 2499: 2496:Franklin, Kansas 2420: 2395: 2391: 2313: 2288: 2284: 2215:to the south of 2188:Fort Leavenworth 2102: 2070: 2063: 2059: 2005: 1998: 1937: 1930: 1803: 1799: 1782:Canton, Missouri 1774:density gradient 1750:outflow boundary 1688: 1672: 1603: 1599: 1449: 1445: 1384:Lawton, Oklahoma 1243: 1239: 1192:Atlanta, Georgia 1125: 1121: 978: 974: 924:Middle Tennessee 861: 857: 779:Joplin, Missouri 736:Tennessee Valley 653: 649: 579:towering cumulus 442: 438: 166:tornado outbreak 152: 118: 111: 104:Franklin, Kansas 79: 77: 71: 69: 51:Tornado outbreak 32: 28: 21: 13750: 13749: 13745: 13744: 13743: 13741: 13740: 13739: 13635: 13634: 13633: 13628: 13599:August 10, 2020 13579:October 5, 2013 13539:January 8, 2008 13529:August 18, 2005 13504:August 23, 1998 13385: 13380: 13350: 13345: 13215: 13210: 13180: 13175: 13131:Late-March 2023 13096:Late-March 2022 13071:Late-March 2021 13061:Late-April 2020 12546: 12541: 12511: 12506: 12453: 12448: 12403:(NWS St. Louis) 12206:May 2003 Events 12171: 12166: 12165: 12155: 12153: 12149: 12143: 12139: 12133: 12125: 12121: 12115: 12107: 12103: 12093: 12086: 12084: 12081:The Jackson Sun 12073: 12069: 12063: 12056: 12054: 12045: 12044: 12040: 12030: 12028: 12023: 12022: 12015: 12009: 12005: 12001: 11995: 11988: 11987: 11983: 11973: 11971: 11960: 11956: 11946: 11944: 11933: 11929: 11919: 11917: 11906: 11902: 11892: 11890: 11879: 11875: 11865: 11863: 11852: 11848: 11838: 11836: 11825: 11821: 11811: 11809: 11798: 11794: 11784: 11782: 11771: 11767: 11757: 11755: 11744: 11740: 11730: 11723: 11721: 11710: 11706: 11696: 11689: 11687: 11676: 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4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4837: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4814: 4807: 4797: 4795: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4746:10.1.1.538.1317 4736: 4728: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4631: 4630: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4536:on May 15, 2019 4533: 4518: 4512: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4301: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4232: 4225: 4213: 4211: 4196: 4194: 4179: 4177: 4162: 4160: 4150: 4146: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4075: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3972: 3927: 3910: 3903: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3831: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3810: 3804: 3800: 3791: 3784: 3779: 3747: 3500: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3483: 3474: 3471: 3460: 3459: 3414: 3264: 3149:Cairo, Illinois 3082:Conasauga River 3054:Wadley, Alabama 2999:Tennessee River 2953: 2948: 2932: 2781: 2758: 2651: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2589:Crawford County 2521: 2498: 2485:Jericho Springs 2390: 2372:communities of 2283: 2221:Kansas Speedway 2217:Basehor, Kansas 2213:Linwood, Kansas 2091: 2073: 2058: 2048:Tornado warning 1995: 1929: 1923: 1798: 1710:Chanute, Kansas 1699: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1664: 1663: 1598: 1444: 1397:, southeastern 1372:Russell, Kansas 1359:orographic lift 1238: 1120: 1096:Tulsa, Oklahoma 973: 856: 648: 437: 412: 384:Rocky Mountains 340:and ahead of a 309: 250: 246: 165: 141: 123: 106: 75: 73: 67: 65: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13748: 13738: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13630: 13629: 13627: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13614:March 31, 2023 13611: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13534:March 31, 2007 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13494:March 29, 1998 13491: 13486: 13484:August 9, 1993 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13399:April 18, 1880 13396: 13390: 13387: 13386: 13379: 13378: 13371: 13364: 13356: 13347: 13346: 13344: 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13281:Mid-April 2011 13278: 13273: 13272: 13271: 13261: 13259:September 2001 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13220: 13217: 13216: 13209: 13208: 13201: 13194: 13186: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13173: 13168: 13166:Early-May 2024 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13106:Mid-April 2022 13103: 13098: 13093: 13091:Mid-March 2022 13088: 13083: 13078: 13076:Early-May 2021 13073: 13068: 13066:Mid-March 2021 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13026:Mid-March 2019 13023: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12941:Mid-March 2012 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12907:Smithville, MS 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12820:September 2006 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12551: 12548: 12547: 12540: 12539: 12532: 12525: 12517: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12504: 12502:November 17–18 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12458: 12455: 12454: 12447: 12446: 12439: 12432: 12424: 12418: 12417: 12410: 12409: 12405: 12404: 12398: 12391: 12390: 12386: 12385: 12378: 12377: 12373: 12372: 12365: 12364: 12360: 12359: 12353: 12347: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12334: 12328: 12322: 12316: 12306: 12300: 12294: 12288: 12282: 12275: 12274: 12270: 12269: 12263: 12256: 12255: 12251: 12250: 12241:, Session 12, 12235: 12230: 12220: 12215: 12209: 12203: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12176: 12175: 12170: 12169:External links 12167: 12164: 12163: 12137: 12119: 12101: 12067: 12038: 12013: 11999: 11981: 11954: 11927: 11900: 11873: 11846: 11819: 11792: 11765: 11738: 11704: 11670: 11644: 11617: 11583: 11556: 11540:The Pantagraph 11526: 11499: 11472: 11445: 11418: 11391: 11357: 11327: 11300: 11273: 11246: 11212: 11185: 11158: 11125: 11098: 11071: 11037: 11011: 10977: 10950: 10916: 10889: 10862: 10835: 10808: 10781: 10754: 10727: 10700: 10673: 10639: 10606: 10579: 10552: 10534: 10508: 10478: 10445: 10418: 10385: 10358: 10329: 10293: 10266: 10239: 10212: 10185: 10158: 10135: 10108: 10078: 10051: 10024: 9997: 9967: 9933: 9911: 9889: 9867: 9842: 9817: 9795: 9761: 9727: 9688: 9666: 9647: 9625: 9603: 9581: 9559: 9537: 9515: 9489: 9448: 9414: 9391: 9352: 9329: 9296: 9273: 9250: 9227: 9204: 9181: 9158: 9133: 9107: 9084: 9061: 9026: 9003: 8980: 8957: 8934: 8911: 8885: 8862: 8839: 8816: 8793: 8770: 8747: 8724: 8701: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8655: 8638: 8614: 8591: 8568: 8545: 8522: 8499: 8476: 8453: 8430: 8407: 8384: 8361: 8335: 8312: 8289: 8266: 8240: 8212: 8173: 8150: 8127: 8104: 8079: 8050: 8027: 8004: 7981: 7955: 7932: 7909: 7886: 7863: 7840: 7817: 7794: 7768: 7745: 7722: 7699: 7676: 7653: 7630: 7607: 7581: 7558: 7535: 7512: 7486: 7463: 7440: 7417: 7395: 7372: 7345: 7322: 7287: 7262: 7239: 7213: 7190: 7167: 7144: 7121: 7098: 7075: 7052: 7026: 7000: 6977: 6954: 6931: 6908: 6885: 6862: 6839: 6816: 6793: 6763: 6737: 6714: 6691: 6668: 6645: 6619: 6596: 6573: 6550: 6527: 6504: 6481: 6458: 6436: 6413: 6390: 6367: 6344: 6321: 6298: 6275: 6252: 6229: 6206: 6183: 6157: 6134: 6111: 6088: 6065: 6042: 6019: 5996: 5970: 5944: 5921: 5898: 5875: 5852: 5829: 5806: 5783: 5755: 5732: 5709: 5686: 5663: 5640: 5617: 5594: 5571: 5548: 5526: 5500: 5477: 5451: 5428: 5405: 5380: 5357: 5331: 5303: 5280: 5257: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5214: 5197: 5180: 5163: 5138: 5109: 5086: 5063: 5040: 5017: 4949: 4923: 4900: 4877: 4854: 4831: 4805: 4782: 4759: 4715: 4687: 4646: 4621: 4599: 4573: 4547: 4435: 4410: 4387: 4364: 4341: 4318: 4295: 4272: 4249: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4203: 4186: 4169: 4144: 4119: 4096: 4069: 4042: 4010: 3970: 3908: 3901: 3876: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3798: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3743: 3697:George W. Bush 3651: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3586: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3484: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3413: 3410: 3317:Laclede County 3296:sulfur dioxide 3263: 3260: 3200:Fairfax County 3130:North Carolina 3117:South Carolina 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942:were damaged. 2931: 2928: 2923:Interstate 240 2916:General Motors 2847: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2802: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2771: 2770: 2757: 2754: 2720: 2719: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2683: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2650: 2647: 2579: 2578: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2542: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2519: 2511: 2510: 2497: 2494: 2467: 2466: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2422: 2415: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2389: 2386: 2352: 2351: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2315: 2308: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2282: 2279: 2266:Interstate 435 2250:Interstate 635 2234:Missouri River 2229:Interstate 435 2192:Missouri River 2157: 2156: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2006: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1925:Main article: 1922: 1919: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1797: 1794: 1786:Lima, Illinois 1693:pressure level 1690: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1597: 1594: 1507:Central Plains 1501: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1443: 1440: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1237: 1234: 1203:North Virginia 1177: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1119: 1116: 1100:Abilene, Texas 1088:Jefferson City 1030: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 972: 969: 953:Oakland County 920:North Carolina 913: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 897: 894: 891: 887: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 855: 852: 775:Topeka, Kansas 705: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 683: 679: 678: 675: 672: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 647: 644: 587:Lubbock, Texas 494: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 472: 468: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 436: 433: 411: 408: 330:Gulf of Mexico 322:severe weather 308: 305: 258: 257: 237: 236: 230: 229:Areas affected 226: 225: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 202: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 187: 183: 182: 179: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 161: 160: 154: 147: 146: 143: 137: 136: 133: 132: 129: 128: 125: 124: 122: 121: 99: 97: 93: 92: 89: 88: 85: 84: 81: 80: 62: 58: 57: 48: 44: 43: 40: 39: 36: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13747: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13609:March 5, 2022 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13564:April 9, 2011 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13554:June 17, 2010 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13514:June 18, 2001 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13489:July 18, 1996 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13474:April 4, 1981 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13439:April 3, 1956 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13429:June 23, 1952 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13419:June 19, 1951 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13404:June 12, 1899 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13394:June 28, 1865 13392: 13391: 13388: 13384: 13377: 13372: 13370: 13365: 13363: 13358: 13357: 13354: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13326:November 2020 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13311:February 2020 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13296:February 2016 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13270: 13267: 13266: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13249:November 1992 13247: 13245: 13244:November 1989 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13221: 13218: 13214: 13207: 13202: 13200: 13195: 13193: 13188: 13187: 13184: 13172: 13171:Late-May 2024 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13146:December 2023 13144: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13086:December 2021 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13046:February 2020 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13036:December 2019 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13021: 13020:Beaurgard, AL 13017: 13014: 13012: 13011:December 2018 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12991:November 2016 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12976:December 2015 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12961:February 2013 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12951:December 2012 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12926:November 2011 12924: 12922: 12919: 12916: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12795:November 2004 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12780:November 2001 12778: 12776: 12775:December 2000 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12765:February 1998 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12745:November 1992 12743: 12741: 12740:November 1989 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12680:February 1961 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12670:December 1957 12668: 12666: 12665:November 1957 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12650:December 1954 12648: 12646: 12645:December 1953 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12615:February 1945 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12560:February 1884 12558: 12556: 12553: 12552: 12549: 12545: 12538: 12533: 12531: 12526: 12524: 12519: 12518: 12515: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12456: 12452: 12445: 12440: 12438: 12433: 12431: 12426: 12425: 12422: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12407: 12406: 12402: 12399: 12396: 12393: 12392: 12388: 12387: 12383: 12380: 12379: 12375: 12374: 12370: 12367: 12366: 12362: 12361: 12357: 12354: 12351: 12350:May 6–8, 2003 12348: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12337: 12336: 12332: 12329: 12326: 12323: 12320: 12317: 12314: 12310: 12307: 12304: 12301: 12298: 12295: 12292: 12289: 12286: 12283: 12280: 12277: 12276: 12272: 12271: 12267: 12264: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12253: 12252: 12248: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12228: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12213: 12210: 12207: 12204: 12201: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12181: 12178: 12177: 12173: 12172: 12148: 12141: 12130: 12123: 12112: 12111:The Oklahoman 12105: 12097: 12082: 12078: 12071: 12052: 12048: 12042: 12026: 12020: 12018: 12003: 11992: 11985: 11969: 11965: 11958: 11942: 11938: 11931: 11915: 11911: 11904: 11888: 11884: 11877: 11861: 11857: 11850: 11834: 11830: 11823: 11807: 11803: 11796: 11780: 11776: 11769: 11753: 11749: 11742: 11734: 11719: 11715: 11708: 11700: 11685: 11681: 11674: 11658: 11654: 11648: 11632: 11628: 11621: 11613: 11598: 11594: 11587: 11571: 11567: 11560: 11541: 11537: 11530: 11514: 11510: 11503: 11487: 11483: 11476: 11460: 11456: 11449: 11433: 11429: 11422: 11406: 11402: 11395: 11387: 11372: 11368: 11361: 11345: 11341: 11334: 11332: 11315: 11311: 11304: 11288: 11284: 11277: 11261: 11257: 11250: 11242: 11227: 11223: 11216: 11200: 11196: 11189: 11173: 11169: 11162: 11154: 11139: 11135: 11129: 11113: 11109: 11102: 11086: 11082: 11075: 11067: 11052: 11048: 11041: 11025: 11021: 11015: 11007: 10992: 10988: 10981: 10965: 10961: 10954: 10946: 10931: 10927: 10920: 10904: 10900: 10893: 10877: 10873: 10866: 10850: 10846: 10839: 10823: 10819: 10812: 10796: 10792: 10785: 10769: 10765: 10758: 10742: 10738: 10731: 10715: 10711: 10704: 10688: 10684: 10677: 10669: 10654: 10650: 10643: 10635: 10620: 10616: 10610: 10594: 10590: 10583: 10567: 10563: 10556: 10548: 10541: 10539: 10522: 10518: 10512: 10496: 10492: 10485: 10483: 10466: 10459: 10452: 10450: 10433: 10429: 10422: 10414: 10399: 10395: 10389: 10373: 10369: 10362: 10346: 10342: 10336: 10334: 10325: 10310: 10306: 10300: 10298: 10281: 10277: 10270: 10254: 10250: 10243: 10227: 10223: 10216: 10200: 10196: 10189: 10173: 10169: 10162: 10146: 10139: 10123: 10119: 10112: 10096: 10092: 10085: 10083: 10066: 10062: 10055: 10039: 10035: 10028: 10012: 10008: 10001: 9985: 9981: 9974: 9972: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9942: 9940: 9938: 9921: 9915: 9899: 9893: 9877: 9871: 9855: 9849: 9847: 9830: 9824: 9822: 9805: 9799: 9791: 9776: 9772: 9765: 9757: 9742: 9738: 9731: 9723: 9708: 9704: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9676: 9670: 9662: 9658: 9651: 9635: 9629: 9613: 9607: 9591: 9585: 9569: 9563: 9547: 9541: 9525: 9519: 9504: 9500: 9493: 9485: 9470: 9466: 9459: 9457: 9455: 9453: 9444: 9440: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9402: 9395: 9387: 9372: 9368: 9361: 9359: 9357: 9340: 9333: 9314: 9313: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9284: 9277: 9261: 9254: 9238: 9231: 9215: 9208: 9192: 9185: 9169: 9162: 9146: 9140: 9138: 9121: 9117: 9111: 9095: 9088: 9072: 9065: 9046: 9045: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9014: 9007: 8991: 8984: 8968: 8961: 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