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from the
Dreyfus defence team in 1894 but was later discussed in a closed session during the 1899 retrial. While neither officer had anything to do with Dreyfus, the correspondence lent an air of truth to other documents that were forged by prosecutors to lend retroactive credibility to Dreyfus's conviction as a spy.
465:. Suffering from pneumonia, he was hospitalized in Berlin. While delirious, he reportedly blurted out, "Listen to me. Dreyfus is innocent. There is no evidence whatsoever against him". His wife, seated at his side, made a written record of this statement. Schwartzkoppen did not recover and died on 8 January 1917.
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of 1882 and letters between the two attachés record that they freely exchanged intelligence and cooperated on espionage matters. The letters also contain bawdy comments and erotic endearments which indicate that they too were having an affair. The
Schwartzkoppen and Panizzardi material was withheld
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In 1897, while the
Dreyfus affair was still at its height, Schwartzkoppen was recalled from his diplomatic posting in Paris to take up command of the 2nd Kaiser Franz Grenadier Guards Regiment. In 1902, he married Luise Gräfin von Wedel with whom he subsequently had two daughters. Promoted to the
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without the knowledge of the German ambassador resident in Paris. Instead, Schwartzkoppen reported directly and in confidence to the
Director of Military Intelligence in Berlin. As a result of his spying, he became involved in the Dreyfus affair. In 1894, he received an anonymous offer for the
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Some of the forgeries even referenced the apparent affair between the two officers. In one, Panizzardi supposedly informs
Schwartzkoppen that if "Dreyfus is brought in for questioning", they must both claim that they "never had any dealings with that Jew.... Clearly, no one can ever know what
423:
In the 1890s, Schwartzkoppen had an affair with
Hermance de Weede, the wife of the Counsellor at the Dutch Embassy in Paris, and a large number of their letters were intercepted by the authorities. Also intercepted was the correspondence between Schwartzkoppen and a popular figure in Parisian
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happened with him". The letters, real and fake, provided a convenient excuse for placing the entire
Dreyfus dossier under seal because the exposure of the liaison would have "dishonoured" the German and Italian militaries and compromised diplomatic relations.
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Schwartzkoppen was described as being a cultivated officer with considerable social charm; characteristics which suited him for the diplomatic and
Imperial Court functions that made up much of his military career.
458:
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Serious doubts regarding the guilt of
Dreyfus were raised during his trial. Later investigations showed that Schwartzkoppen was receiving intelligence not from Dreyfus but another French officer,
405:. The torn paper was recovered from Schwartzkoppen's wastebasket by a cleaning woman who was a French agent on September 25 and became the key evidence of Dreyfus's arrest and conviction for
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390:. It was his second diplomatic posting to Paris. In addition to performing formal representational and liaison duties, his subsidiary task was to obtain secret information on the
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340:, the son of Prussian General Emil von Schwartzkoppen (1810–1878) and his wife, Anna Marie Luise, née von Ditfurth (1816–1865). The Schwartzkoppen family,
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Schwartzkoppen was an officer of the Kaiser's
Military Suite and Colonel of the Emperor Franz Grenadier Guards Regiment. He received the decorations of
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means simply a note or slip of paper and can be applied to any note. In French, many documents in the Dreyfus case were called
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rank of general in 1907, Schwartzkoppen retired from the army the following year, moving to his country estate in the
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420:. Schwartzkoppen himself confirmed Dreyfus's innocence in his memoirs, which were published posthumously in 1930.
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With the outbreak of war in August 1914, General Schwartzkoppen returned to active service. He commanded the
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diplomatic circles - the Italian military attaché, Lieutenant Colonel Count
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Ceremonies of Bravery: Oscar Wilde, Carlos Blacker, and the Dreyfus Affair
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Ceremonies of Bravery: Oscar Wilde, Carlos Blacker, and the Dreyfus Affair
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of 1870-1871. He served as a member of the general staff with the rank of
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Forth, Christopher "The Dreyfus Affair and the Crisis of French Manhood
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Maximilian Friedrich Wilhelm August Leopold von Schwartzkoppen
732:, Dossier Secret, 2F, Service Historique de la Défense, 2016
366:) from 1885 to 1888 and thereupon became adjutant to Prince
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Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
795:"Gay love sheds light on l'affaire Dreyfus | The Times"
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in France, before being appointed in 1916 to lead the
624:"Trial of the Century: Revisiting the Dreyfus affair"
490:, First Class; and Member of the Knights of St John.
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On 10 December 1891, Schwartzkoppen was appointed as
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in Paris, Schwartzkoppen was later given the rank of
834:"Dreyfus, Proust and the Crimes of the Belle Epoque"
771:"Dreyfus, Proust and the Crimes of the Belle Epoque"
312:military officer. After serving as Imperial German
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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945:Works by or about Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen
936:Works by or about Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen
861:. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp. 198–199.
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542:. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p. 349.
308:(24 February 1850 – 8 January 1917) was a
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658:. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p. 56.
567:. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p. 56.
386:in Paris, maintaining relations with the
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426:Alessandro Panizzardi
397:military intelligence
368:Ernest Louis of Hesse
328:Early life and career
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441:Later life and death
172:Other investigations
162:Trial and conviction
40:improve this article
716:Maguire, Robert J.
694:The First World War
678:Maguire, Robert J.
591:(17 January 2014).
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