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307:, who observed him at the second court-martial, Bertillon was "certainly not in full possession of his faculties". Paléologue goes on to describe Bertillon's argument as "... a long tissue of absurdities", and writes of "... his moonstruck eyes, his sepulchral voice, the saturnine magnetism" that made him feel that he was "... in the presence of a necromancer".
291:
in 1894 and again in 1899. He testified as a handwriting expert and claimed that Alfred
Dreyfus had written the incriminating document (known as the "bordereau"). However, he was not a handwriting expert, and his convoluted and flawed evidence was a significant contributing factor to one of the most
351:
In the late 19th and 20th centuries, black women who were working as prostitutes in
Minneapolis, Minnesota, became known as "alley workers". The Minneapolis Police Department followed the Bertillon system as a means to identify and document the crimes of these alley workers. The system soon became
334:
The specific anthropological technique practiced by
Alphonse Bertillon is often called the Bertillon system. This system consisted of five initial measurements â head length, head breadth, length of middle finger, length of the left foot, and length of the cubit. Along with these measurements,
355:
In order to bypass the system, many black women would use aliases instead of their real names. The most common name that was used as an alias was "Mamie", which was also the alias used by Mamie Knight, who was the only surviving photo of an alley worker during the department's period of using the
213:
After being expelled from the
Imperial Lycée of Versailles, Bertillon drifted through a number of jobs in England and France, before being conscripted into the French army in 1875. Several years later, he was discharged from the army with no real higher education, so his father arranged for his
225:
methods used to identify the increasing number of captured criminals who had been arrested before. This, together with the steadily rising recidivism rate in France since 1870, motivated his invention of anthropometrics. He did his measurements in his spare time. He used the famous
342:
Although the system was based in scientific measures, it was known to have its flaws. For example, it may not have been able to accurately apply to children or women, as it was mostly designed for men who had reached full physical maturity and had short hair.
299:
was in
Dreyfus's hand, he would be able to say that someone else had forged his writing. Both courts martial evidently accepted this, and Dreyfus was convicted. The verdict of the second court martial caused a huge scandal, and it was eventually overturned.
326:, concluded that Bertillon's system was devoid of any scientific value and that he had failed both to apply the method and to present his data properly. With this key evidence against Dreyfus debunked, he was finally acquitted in 1906.
275:
The nearly 100-year-old standard of comparing 16 ridge characteristics to identify latent prints at crime scenes against criminal records of fingerprint impressions was based on claims in a 1912 paper
Bertillon published in France.
384:
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Using a complex system of measurements, he attempted to prove that
Dreyfus had disguised his handwriting by imitating his own handwriting as if someone else was doing so, so that if anyone thought the
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Anthropometry was the first scientific system used by police to identify criminals. Before that time, criminals could only be identified by name or photograph. The method was eventually supplanted by
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893:
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339:, to complete this system of record. These methods of identification were combined into a system for law enforcement officials to access information and images quickly.
183:. Photographing of criminals began in the 1840s only a few years after the invention of photography, but it was not until 1888 that Bertillon standardized the process.
1025:
Ginzburg describes
Bertillon's role in the development of forensic science. This essay is a discussion of the conjectural paradigm as evidenced by the methods of
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employment in a low-level clerical job at the
Prefecture of Police in Paris. Thus, Bertillon began his police career on 15 March 1879 as a department
574:
1165:
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889:
915:
1002:
652:
448:, speaking of the Bertillon system of measurements, " ... expressed his enthusiastic admiration of the French savant."
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infamous miscarriages of justice â the condemnation of the innocent
Dreyfus to life imprisonment on Devil's Island.
841:
750:
442:, in which one of Holmes' clients refers to Holmes as the "second highest expert in Europe" after Bertillon. Also, in
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500:. The Isaacson brothers, who are detectives, mention that they are trained in the Bertillon system.
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Bertillon is mentioned by Hercule Poirot in 'The Murder on the Links' by Agatha Christie (p. 55,
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470:, Lupin escapes by exploiting the same flaws in anthropometry that led to its eventual disuse.
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in Paris for his activities, facing jeers from the prison inmates as well as police officers.
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Bertillon system. Her photo is currently located in the St. Paul police department archives.
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244:(1893), demonstrating the measurements needed for his anthropometric identification system.
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916:"Surveilling Social Difference: Black Women's "Alley Work" in Industrialising Minneapolis"
612:, Vol XI, January to June 1901) demonstrating the principles of Bertillon's anthropometry.
455:, at 49:33, a prisoner's index card is shown. One line begins, "Bertillion Measurements."
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512:. Detective Erast Fandorin says he met Bertillon and discusses his measurement system.
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to law enforcement creating an identification system based on physical measurements.
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Bertillon is the main character of the third episode of Czech television series
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Bertillonage is mentioned in Chapter 4 and in an appendix of the mystery novel,
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977:(1984). "Morelli, Freud, and Sherlock Holmes: Clues and Scientific Method". In
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Criminocorpus: Alphonse Bertillon and the Identification of Persons 1880â1914
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566:"The Bertillon system" is referenced in the 1943 British murder mystery film
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Bertillon was by many accounts regarded as extremely eccentric. According to
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Bertillon is also mentioned in the second episode of the seventh season of
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Bertillon claimed that his graphological system was based on mathematical
1066:"Central Missouri State University: Criminal Justice: Alphonse Bertillon"
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993:. Bloomington, IN: History Workshop, Indiana University Press. pp.
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The Bertillon system is demonstrated in the Canadian television series,
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314:. A later analysis undertaken in 1904 by three renowned mathematicians,
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aftermath; a minor plot point deals with his development of forensic
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161:; 22 April 1853 â 13 February 1914) was a French police officer and
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269:
202:
Alphonse Bertillon was born in Paris. He was a son of statistician
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47:
838:"Mathematics expert report by Darboux, Appell, and Poincaré, 1904"
617:
Bertillon was also referenced in the American television series,
215:
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95:
73:
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The Adventure of Criminalistics (DobrodruĆŸstvĂ kriminalistiky)
700:) is a character in the 2021-launched French Canal+ TV series
91:
69:
287:
Alphonse Bertillon was a witness for the prosecution in the
16:
French police officer and biometrics researcher (1853-1914)
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Bertillon was mentioned several times in the 1958 movie
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Alphonse Bertillon died 13 February 1914 in Paris.
206:
and younger brother of the statistician and demographer
165:
researcher who applied the anthropological technique of
644:(Robert Howard Russell, pub., 1899), pp. 268, ff.
527:(Cassel, 1929, p. 61), the Ross MacDonald novels
751:"A Fingerprint Fable: The Will and William West Case"
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used as a tool to police and categorise these women.
890:"Passing of the Bertillon System of Identification"
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681:
adapted from the long-standing eponymous TV series.
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221:Being an orderly man, he was dissatisfied with the
786:Alphonse Bertillon: Father of Scientific Detection
572:Bertillon is referenced in the 1965 short story,
106:law enforcement officer and biometrics researcher
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1100:Instructions signalétiques by Alphonse Bertillon
1086:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
268:, used to determine the degree of force used in
186:His flawed evidence was used to wrongly convict
145:Class on the Bertillon system in France in 1911.
137:Class on the Bertillon system in France in 1911.
427:Anthropometric data sheet of Alphonse Bertillon
346:
696:Bertillon, played by Christian Hecq (from the
1095:Example of Bertillon Measurements in practice
515:Bertillon Measurements are also mentioned in
1068:. Archived from the original on 13 July 2001
669:, which was about the Alfred Dreyfus affair.
487:touches on the system in Chapter 14, Part 1.
938:
608:Illustration from "The Speaking Portrait" (
335:Bertillon used photography, now known as a
642:Mr. Dooley in the Hearts of His Countrymen
1171:People associated with the Dreyfus affair
730:
575:"Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman
989:The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce
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788:. New York: Abelard-Schuman. p. 27.
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432:Monsieur Bertillon is referenced in the
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232:
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662:, season 13, episode 3 (Forever Young).
1113:
625:), season 2, episode 17 (Ears To You).
749:Olsen, Robert D. Sr (November 1987).
359:
156:
490:Bertillon is also referenced in the
363:
1041:'s logic of making good guesses or
825:My Secret Diary of the Dreyfus Case
812:Archives d'anthropologie criminelle
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13:
926:from the original on 13 April 2018
896:from the original on 23 April 2018
870:from the original on 23 April 2018
784:Rhodes, Henry T.F. Rhodes (1956).
394:by removing the content or adding
248:Bertillon also created many other
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1166:Burials at PĂšre Lachaise Cemetery
1107: â includes Bertillon cards.
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844:from the original on 20 June 2017
827:, Secker and Warburg, p. 197
687:plays Bertillon in the 2019 film
537:(p. 30), Yves Fey's mystery
451:In the 1937 Warner Bros. picture
252:techniques, including the use of
541:, and Agatha Christie's mystery
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283:Bertillon and the Dreyfus affair
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242:Identification anthropométrique
179:He is also the inventor of the
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706:dealing with the anti-Semitic
675:plays Bertillon in 2008 movie
1:
587:The Adventures of Criminology
439:The Hound of the Baskervilles
810:"Les empreintes digitales",
347:Alley workers in Minneapolis
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50:of Bertillon (self-portrait)
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823:Paleologue, Maurice (1957)
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1151:French forensic scientists
1146:Police officers from Paris
1105:Ancestral Criminal Records
920:Surveillance & Society
628:Bertillon is lampooned in
550:The Assassin in the Marais
503:Bertillon is mentioned in
464:The Escape of ArsĂšne Lupin
390:Please help Knowledge to
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714:system ("Bertillonage").
509:Murder on the Leviathan
204:Louis-Adolphe Bertillon
1039:Charles Sanders Peirce
946:"An Officer and a Spy"
864:"The Bertillon System"
731:References and sources
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589:called "Bertillonage".
543:The Secret of Chimneys
539:Floats the Dark Shadow
525:The Emperor of America
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256:compounds to preserve
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1136:French criminologists
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555:Bertillon appears in
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270:breaking and entering
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765:on 16 September 2015
761:(11). Archived from
690:An Officer and a Spy
630:The Dreyfus Case: IV
392:improve this section
312:probability calculus
1043:abductive reasoning
755:Identification News
545:(1925, chapter 27).
476:Surfeit of Lampreys
404:independent sources
320:Jean Gaston Darboux
1161:Identity documents
678:The Tiger Brigades
634:Finley Peter Dunne
621:(a modern take on
614:
610:Pearson's Magazine
596:television series
552:, by Claude Izner.
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360:In popular culture
305:Maurice Paléologue
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158:[bÉÊtijÉÌ]
150:Alphonse Bertillon
147:
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25:Alphonse Bertillon
1004:978-0-253-35235-4
703:Paris Police 1900
698:Comédie française
660:Murdoch Mysteries
640:"), reprinted in
530:The Drowning Pool
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324:Paul Ămile Appell
240:from Bertillon's
208:Jacques Bertillon
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1070:. Retrieved
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86:(1914-02-13)
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1126:1914 deaths
1121:1853 births
950:Crew United
814:, pp. 36â52
667:"I Accuse!"
557:Eric Zencey
481:Ngaio Marsh
453:San Quentin
266:dynamometer
1115:Categories
736:References
638:Mr. Dooley
619:Elementary
523:-inspired
517:Sax Rohmer
492:Caleb Carr
381:irrelevant
264:, and the
262:ballistics
258:footprints
163:biometrics
62:1853-04-22
673:Ăric Prat
568:Headline.
559:'s novel
535:Blue City
521:Fu Manchu
396:citations
297:bordereau
250:forensics
198:Biography
121:Relatives
1082:cite web
1013:82049207
985:(eds.).
930:23 April
924:Archived
900:23 April
894:Archived
874:23 April
868:Archived
842:Archived
725:Mug shot
719:See also
412:May 2024
400:reliable
337:mug shot
181:mug shot
48:Mug shot
1072:10 June
1021:9412985
968:Sources
955:23 June
458:In the
216:copyist
154:French:
127:(niece)
1019:
1011:
1001:
997:â118.
848:30 May
769:5 July
651:
598:Archer
561:Panama
494:novel
462:story
436:story
322:, and
223:ad hoc
111:Father
96:France
74:France
632:, by
578:, by
92:Paris
70:Paris
1088:link
1074:2013
1033:and
1017:OCLC
1009:LCCN
999:ISBN
957:2023
932:2018
902:2018
876:2018
850:2017
771:2014
649:ISBN
533:and
402:and
81:Died
56:Born
519:'s
479:by
473:In
466:by
398:to
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1080:{{
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