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In 1917, a ship concealment plan devised by Toch, known as the Toch System, was one of five camouflage measures approved by the U.S. Naval
Consulting Board for use on merchant ships (Behrens 2009, pp. 350–351). He became convinced that it was largely impossible to lower the visibility of a ship,
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included originating the color adopted by the U.S. Navy as standard "battleship gray". By his own account (Toch 1919), he had camouflaged fortifications in Panama as early as 1915, the success of which led to his being assigned to camouflage shipyards and docks on the East Coast of the U.S. during
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had not in fact been painted by him (Toch 1931b), including works in the collections of art museums. As a result, it was said at the time that art dealers "entertain a wholesome fear of him" (Hendrick 1919, p. 704).
188:(July 17, 1864 – May 28, 1946) was an American paint manufacturer and industrial chemist who developed a concrete filler method that was used in the construction of the
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192:. He was the co-owner of the New York firms Toch Brothers and the Standard Varnish Works, where he was head of research and production. Before and during
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in authenticating works of art became controversial in the 1920s (Hendrick 1929), when he claimed that the majority of paintings attributed to
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24th Annual Report of the
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Photo post card of
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but that a better objective would be course deception, popularly known as
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Hendrick, Ellwood (1929), "American
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Camoupedia: A Compendium of
Research on Art, Architecture and Camouflage
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in the United States, as well as an early practitioner of the use of
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443:(1946), "Dr. Toch, Chemist and Art Expert, 81" (May 31), p. 23.
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Toch, Maximilian (1918), "The Fine Art of
Military Camouflage" in
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Toch produced books on subjects related to chemistry, among them
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and industrial chemistry at colleges and universities, including
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as an undergraduate, then completed his graduate studies at
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216:(1946), Toch was born and raised in New York. He attended
264:(1946), in which Toch is referred to as "America’s first
228:. He also earned degrees in law. He taught chemistry and
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Toch, Maximilian (1931). "Adventures in
Camouflage".
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196:, he was a major contributor to the development of
422:. Dysart, Iowa: Bobolink Books, pp. 236–238.
821:Presidents of the American Institute of Chemists
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405:False Colors: Art, Design and Modern Camouflage
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407:. Dysart, Iowa: Bobolink Books, p. 92.
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460:___(1931), "Adventures in Camouflage" in
364:"Dr. Toch, Chemist and Art Expert, 81".
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464:Vol 23 (July–August), pp. 307–309.
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391:(July–August): 307–309.
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597:Solomon Joseph Solomon
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147:Standard Varnish Works
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65:(1946-05-28)
63:May 28, 1946
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796:1864 births
791:1946 deaths
730:Peter Scott
715:Peter Proud
660:John Codner
655:Hugh Casson
645:Tony Ayrton
539:World War I
531:Camoufleurs
194:World War I
79:Nationality
780:Categories
725:Brian Robb
720:Fred Pusey
705:Colin Moss
690:Ivan Konev
587:André Mare
577:Franz Marc
342:References
266:camoufleur
248:, and the
208:Background
44:1864-07-17
572:Paul Klee
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403:(2002),
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